New buildings made of brick warm ceramics. The choice of material for the walls of the house. Aerated concrete or warm ceramics. Features of working with porous ceramics

Large-format porous ceramic stones (warm ceramics) are very popular in the construction of low-rise buildings. The name "warm ceramics" was assigned to this material for a reason. This material was developed recently, but is already the leader in sales among products of a similar group.

The purpose of warm ceramics is a replacement for the construction of brick objects. The fact is that the brick itself is a material that easily transmits heat. In order to save thermal energy in the house, it is necessary to build very thick walls - at least 60 cm in central Russia.

And if during the construction of high-rise buildings such an approach is simply necessary, since the walls carry a constructive load, then during the construction of a one-story building, the width of the walls of 1.5 meters is simply impractical. In order to save brick, builders began to use a variety of heaters.

It turned out that each of them, in addition to advantages, has a number of disadvantages. In the desire to compensate for the shortcomings of other thermal insulation materials, warm ceramics were invented. However, during operation it turned out that warm ceramics also has disadvantages. An overview of the advantages and disadvantages of this material is presented in this article.

Material composition and production technology

As materials used in the production of ceramic blocks, materials such as:

clay
silica rocks,
industrial waste (coal, ash),
mineral supplements,
water.

Upon receipt of the material, the raw material undergoes the following stages of processing:

clay and other components of the mixture are thoroughly crushed;
the resulting mass is moistened and mixed;
the resulting solution is poured into molds;
at the next stage, the products in the molds are dried;
after drying, the products are annealed.

Features of using warm ceramics

The main quality of warm ceramics is, due to which the heat capacity of the building structure is ensured. This insulating material is absolutely self-sufficient and when using it, it is not necessary to build thick walls, so with a thickness of 44-64 cm, the requirements of building codes for thermal insulation will be fully met. Additional benefits of these products include:

no need to perform vertical mortar joints;
light weight;
very high strength;
affordable cost;
environmental friendliness of the material;
compatibility of sizes;
is an ideal basis for;
high speed of building walls (one brick of thermal ceramics replaces 7-8 ordinary bricks);
good thermal insulation and vapor permeability.

The assortment of thermal ceramics is presented very richly - this material is produced by many manufacturers in various dimensional solutions and with a unique pore pattern.

Disadvantages of warm ceramics

Warm ceramics combines a lot of advantages. However, despite the desire of developers to create an ideal building material, warm ceramics also has disadvantages.

The usual one has higher strength characteristics.
When building from heat-ceramics, there is a need to strengthen especially vulnerable structures - door arches, window openings.
It is very fragile, which is associated with great laboriousness of work on its laying.
The need to place in a row of extensions is associated with the pricking of ceramics, which leads to a very large amount of waste.
Walls obtained from warm ceramics are not recommended for the construction of suspended structures without special fasteners.
Due to the large amount of waste, this material is not recommended for use in individual construction.
The presence of vertical slots, the impossibility of a complete fit as a result of the walls are blown through.
Blocks are drilled with great difficulty, crumble during gating.

Warm ceramics has quite significant drawbacks, but they choose it, ignoring similar materials. Therefore, despite the disadvantages of this material, thermal ceramics continues to be one of the most popular thermal insulation materials.

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One of the main questions that arise before every developer is “what to build a house from?”. A modern home should not only be a “fortress,” as the famous saying goes, but also a cozy and warm place to live.

A reliable, strong house is associated with bricks for many. This is a durable material, but it requires additional insulation. In light of the constant increase in the cost of energy, a way to build strong and at the same time warm walls is simply needed.

The realities of the time in which we live have specific approaches to the construction of energy efficient houses. At the moment, one of the most effective materials for building such a house is large-format porous brick, or warm ceramics.

What is warm ceramics?

Warm ceramics is an artificial stone made using modern technologies. Clay served as the material of manufacture. The ceramic block has a very complex shape. It is an alternative to the usual hollow brick and is used to build walls, ceilings, partitions and other types of fences. The size of a block of warm ceramics is 10-15 times larger than a brick.

Large-format ceramic blocks can be used as a building material in the construction of external, internal and load-bearing walls of buildings up to 5 floors high. Such material is also good for filling the frames of buildings. Houses built of warm ceramics are distinguished by a solid construction, good heat and noise insulation, and the walls breathe thanks to the numerous pores of the material, creating a positive microclimate inside the building.

The porosity of ceramic blocks is achieved using wood shavings or other material that is added to the clay, and after firing it burns out, leaving small pores filled with air. Since air is a good thermal insulator, these pores increase the thermal insulation of the wall. Also, ceramic blocks are quite light, despite their large size.

The main advantages of warm ceramics:

The speed of building walls and, accordingly, the speed of building the entire building increases.
Due to the low thermal conductivity and large dimensions, there is no need for additional wall insulation.
The strength of the products allows them to be used for the construction of load-bearing walls in the construction of multi-storey buildings.
High level of sound insulation.
Due to the small volumetric weight compared to brick, the load on the foundation is reduced, which reduces the cost of its construction.
The tongue-and-groove joint system allows masonry with only horizontal joints, which reduces the amount of masonry mortar and the area of cold bridges.
The exact geometry of the blocks allows you to make the masonry of the walls even and not feel the need to level their surface before finishing.

Block sizes

There are several sizes of blocks of warm ceramics on the building materials market. Therefore, many developers have a question - which ceramic block to choose?

The main dimensions of blocks of warm ceramics, mm:

250x380x219
380x250x219
440x250x219
510x250x219

Among those who build energy-efficient houses, blocks with sizes of 510x250x219 and 440x250x219 have gained the most popularity. They provide the best value for money.

When choosing ceramic blocks, you should pay attention to the following letter markings:

NF (NF) - an indicator of how much a particular block of warm ceramics is larger than an ordinary brick 250x120x65 mm in size;
M is an indicator of strength, the larger it is, the stronger the material;
F is an indicator of frost resistance, which means the number of conditional cycles of alternate freezing and thawing that the material can withstand when saturated with water.

Ceramic blocks are structural elements of a building under construction. Thanks to several standard sizes, the consumer gets the opportunity, when choosing blocks, to be guided by the climatic features of the area and the features of the architecture of the building.

Similarities and differences between warm ceramic blocks

Due to the investment of mineral wool in the voids of the ceramic block, its thermal conductivity decreases. Thanks to this, a completely finished wall with a thickness of 380 mm is obtained. Since the blocks are polished, a specialized adhesive solution is used when laying them, which makes it possible to make the seam size as small as 2-4 mm. So you can eliminate cold bridges. A 380 mm thick block is the best option, as it allows you to reduce the thickness of the wall and make the usable area of the room larger.

Warm ceramics have a certain heat capacity, which smoothes the temperature regime of the room. Blocks from it turn into a heat accumulator, which will give off the accumulated energy and maintain a sufficient temperature in the rooms.

Among the advantages of warm ceramics is environmental friendliness. It is a breathable material that does not contain harmful substances, maintains optimal air humidity and removes excessively humid air from the room. If the air in the house is too dry, then, on the contrary, ceramics will let moisture in. These properties will provide a comfortable microclimate of the room.

Advantages of warm ceramics

A house made of ceramic blocks is much warmer than a brick house, which reduces heating costs;
Due to the size and ease of execution, the speed of laying blocks is quite high, and due to the absence of the need to use an adhesive solution on the side joints, it will be required 4 times less than it would be required for laying bricks;
In winter, warm ceramics are able to give off heat, and in summer it is not hot and easy to breathe in a house made of such material;
Since even surfaces are obtained when laying the blocks, much less plaster will be required for wall decoration.

In order for this material to show positive properties to the maximum, the following rules should be followed:

Instead of a cement mixture for laying, it is necessary to use a special adhesive solution, which reduces the thickness of the joint during laying and minimizes the number of cold bridges;
Do not allow water to enter the unit. The upper part of the wall being built must be protected from precipitation;
At the junction of the tongue-and-groove and smooth parts of the blocks, a cold bridge can form. In order to prevent this, these places should be filled with an adhesive solution;

When drilling a wall built of warm ceramics, use a drill with the percussion mechanism disabled. In order to fix heavy objects on the walls, you should use specialized anchors, which are recommended by the manufacturer of warm ceramics.

Plaster is recommended as an interior decoration in houses made of ceramic blocks. The relief surface of the blocks will improve its adhesion to the wall. Outside, decorative brick is most often used as a finish.

It is important to bear in mind that non-compliance with the rules for building a house from warm ceramics can negate all its advantages. Therefore, leave this occupation to professionals who will build a house using the technologies recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

Choosing warm ceramics as a material for your home, the developer receives a modern, high-quality and economical material that allows you to get a prestigious, reliable and energy-efficient housing in the shortest possible time.

Video about the professional construction of a house from warm ceramics

Porous ceramic stone is an artificial stone made from special clay with impurities, obtained by firing. The composition of the clay mixture includes elements that burn out during firing, thus forming peculiar pores. The pores reduce the thermal conductivity of the material without affecting its strength. Porous ceramic stone is called differently, warm ceramics, porous ceramic brick or block and otherwise.

Simple clay after firing loses its shape and changes geometry, but technology does not stand still, and manufacturers have learned how to get fired clay ceramic blocks of the correct and desired shape!

The porous stone has 3 main size groups 380 mm, 440 mm and 510. These dimensions indicate the thickness of the block, that is, the thickness of the future wall laid out from a similar block.

Blocks 440 and 510 mm do not need insulation, 380 mm can be insulated with mineral wool.

Table of sizes of produced ceramic stones (in accordance with GOST).

Porous ceramic blocks of large size are called large-format.

Porous stone has a porous structure. The porous stone becomes due to the sawdust added to the composition, which, when the stone is fired, burn out and form pores.

The presence of pores reduces the thermal conductivity of the stone, that is, makes it warmer.

Due to porosity, in addition to thermal insulation, porous ceramic stone has good sound insulation.

The structure of ceramic blocks is cellular. It has tongue and groove connections on both sides for ease of installation.

Porous ceramic block, shortcomings or lack of knowledge of the rules of use

The geometry of the stone. According to builders, one of the disadvantages of porous ceramic blocks is their imperfect geometry. That is, when laying, height differences are possible, be careful!

The fragility of a porous stone, maybe everything is not so scary? It cannot be said that the porous stone is so fragile that it cannot be used in building a house. It largely depends on compliance with the technology of laying such blocks. It is recommended to maintain the thickness of the masonry mixture of 7-14 mm, and do not overdo it!

They say that a kitchen set or other weighty object cannot be hung on a wall made of porous bricks. In fact, it is not! To drill a hole in a wall of porous ceramic bricks, you need to drill with a Pobedite drill in shockless mode. You can use drills of different diameters from 6 to 12 mm, the latter will be enough to hang a kitchen set or a water heater. It is better to use longer plugs to go through several walls inside the stone. And, in order to finally remove all doubts about the reliability of the elements fixed on the wall, we recommend using chemical anchors. The figure below shows how this is done.

If everything is done correctly, then you can safely hang a TV, a kitchen set or a water heater on a wall made of porous ceramic stone.

Video on how to properly drill and gouge porous ceramic blocks, with a demonstration of strength

Clear advantages of using ceramic porous stone

Porous blocks are excellent for laying exterior facades and interior partitions. But what about load-bearing walls?

Whether or not to use porous stone for laying load-bearing walls, everyone chooses for himself. We would recommend it for the laying of external walls, the load-bearing ones being made of simple solid bricks.

Environmental friendliness. They consist of clay, thus they are completely environmentally friendly material;
Low thermal conductivity. Compared to conventional two-brick masonry, the use of porous stone saves about 25% on home heating;
High sound insulation;
Relatively light weight. For a building material of this volume, porous ceramic stone is very light. This is achieved thanks to its cellular structure;
Block size. If the ceramic block is 250 mm high, then each such row is equal to three rows made of ordinary bricks;
Relatively fast installation. Due to the large size of the blocks, the laying speed increases significantly. When laying, the side seams are left without mortar, mortar is needed only for a horizontal seam. This is achieved due to the structure of the ceramic stone, the block has a tongue and groove connection. The side seams are empty - saving the solution.

Video about porous stone

In this video you will see what a porous ceramic stone looks like both outside and inside. A few words about the quality characteristics of the product.

If you are building with porous ceramic blocks, you should know this.

Rumor has it that the porous stone can be placed on an adhesive base with a thickness of about 2 mm. It is possible, but the stone must be polished. Manual grinding is quite labor-intensive, and polished porous blocks from the manufacturer are more expensive than usual ones!

Chemical anchors are used to fix very heavy hinged structures. If everything is done correctly, then TV panels, a kitchen set or a water heater can be safely hung on a wall made of porous ceramic stone.

The additional version of a large-format ceramic block has special grooves in the middle, destroying which you can divide the stone exactly in half.

The 380mm block has a pair of large rectangular holes closer to the corners of the stone. These holes are for easier mounting.

Interior walls can be made of 120 mm porous stone

If the ceramic block is 250 mm high, then each such row is equal to three rows made of ordinary bricks.

The blocks are stacked butt to each other without laying mortar, which indicates that air can pass between the blocks. This is eliminated by plastering the outer and inner surfaces of the walls.

Starting a new row, before laying the mortar, a thin mesh is laid on the ceramic porous block, which prevents the mortar from falling inside.

All the thermal characteristics of the stone are lost if an ordinary cement-sand mortar is used during masonry.

For laying ceramic blocks, a special warm mortar based on perlite is used, which, like porous stone, has good heat and sound insulation performance.

In Russia, the main producers of porous stone are: Wienerberger, Braer, Rauf, Samara Combine of Ceramic Materials. The table below shows manufacturers from Russia and neighboring countries.

I would like to note the fact that not all manufacturers produce products in accordance with the state standard. Be careful!

Ceramic porous blocks are gaining more and more popularity in the construction of low-rise buildings and are leaders in sales compared to materials of a similar group. This is due, first of all, to the fact that warm ceramics have excellent insulating properties, compared, for example, with solid bricks, which easily transmit heat. Since the brick wall, which ensures the safety of heat in the dwelling, must be quite thick, in order to save building material, a porous block was developed.

On the other hand, even such modern material has certain disadvantages and disadvantages. In order to better study it, let's take a closer look at the main features, technical and operational characteristics.

Features of warm ceramics

Ceramic blocks, like ordinary bricks, are made of red clay, but sawdust is added to it during their production. After molding, the material is fired, during which the sawdust burns out, while the clay acquires a strength similar to stone.

Important! The main reason for the popularity of porous stone is its low thermal conductivity, which allows building codes to be met without the need for thick walls.

Its performance is largely achieved by using a special adhesive solution, which is why the seams between the elements are minimal, which eliminates the appearance of cold bridges. Laying warm ceramics is carried out using the adhesion of vertical recesses and protrusions located on the long side surfaces of the blocks, as a result of which the mortar is not required to be applied to them. In addition, during molding, many voids are made in each product, separated from one another by thin partitions. As a result, the brick is very light, because voids can occupy up to half of its volume.

It is worth noting that ceramic blocks have dimensions that are multiples of bricks, which makes it possible to calculate any standard project in block equivalent. A number of sizes of porous material are provided on the market, allowing you to choose the best option, and depending on the specific building:

250x380x219 mm.
380x250x219 mm.
440x250x219 mm.
510x250x219 mm.

The most common large format block, as it provides the best value for money. When choosing a building material, you should pay attention to its marking, which includes the following parameters:

NF - indicates how many times the porous block exceeds the dimensions of a standard brick 250x120x65 mm;
M is the strength value. The higher the indicator, the stronger the product, respectively;
F is an indicator indicating how many cycles of freezing followed by thawing can withstand.

Special attention deserves the environmental friendliness of the material, its ability to breathe. Thanks to this, excess moisture is removed from the house, and if it is lacking, on the contrary, it will enter inside, providing a comfortable microclimate inside the premises.

Building material disadvantages

Like most building materials, porous brick has both advantages and disadvantages. The number of minuses is large, which requires careful study of them:

lower strength indicators compared to ordinary building bricks;
vulnerable structures, such as arches or window openings, require additional reinforcement when building a house from a porous block;
labor-intensive laying during construction, which is caused by the fragility of the material, which also entails the need for careful transportation, loading and unloading;
problematic drilling, chasing of warm ceramics;
exposure to moisture, which requires reliable protection from groundwater. In addition, reliable protection against atmospheric precipitation should also be ensured during storage of the unit;
high demands on auxiliary materials. Porous stone is not recommended for use in conjunction with products that differ in thermal conductivity. In addition, it requires "breathing" plaster, as well as special cementitious mixtures.

After the walls are erected, it is imperative to take care of the exterior finish, which entails the need for additional cash costs, given that you need to use special plaster. Interior decoration should be carried out using a protective vapor barrier coating. In addition, the laying of a porous block requires experience and skill, since it is unacceptable for the adhesive mixture to get inside it, which negatively affects the properties of the material.

Advice! As a rule, a fiberglass mesh is used for this, which also strengthens the structure, but at the same time requires additional costs for its acquisition.

Positive aspects of porous blocks

Despite the impressive list of negative features of warm ceramics, its advantages are still significant, which is why it is very popular among buyers. The most significant advantages are:

light weight, which contributes to the faster construction of buildings compared to other materials;
good soundproofing properties, which makes the ceramic block an excellent choice for interior partitions;
fire resistance;
high energy-saving characteristics;
the need for a small amount of adhesive solution;
in a house made of warm ceramics it is warm in winter and cool in summer;
smooth surface of the walls, which facilitates its plastering;
environmental friendliness.

Of course, the positive qualities of the material require compliance with all the rules for its installation, otherwise no effect from its use will be achieved. In general, warm ceramics is a modern, economical material that allows you to build energy-efficient housing in a short time.

One of the main questions that arises before any developer is: What to build a house from? We believe that each of the users at least once heard the saying: "My home is my castle".

To paraphrase this phrase, we can say that a modern house, first of all, should be a warm and comfortable fortress.

A strong house is traditionally associated with brick, although the material is durable, it requires additional insulation. But is there a way to build strong, reliable and at the same time warm walls? After all, you must admit that in the light of the constant rise in energy prices, this issue is becoming more relevant than ever.

The realities of the approach to building an energy-efficient home dictate their own characteristics. And one of the most effective methods to build such a dwelling is the construction of walls from the so-called large-format porous bricks, or, as it is also called, warm ceramics.

Warm ceramics in questions and answers

So what is it - warm ceramics?

Commercial director of the company "Gzhel brick factory" Pavel Novikov :

- Warm ceramics is a high-tech artificial stone made of clay and has a rather complex shape. Keramoblock is an alternative to hollow brick and is used for laying walls, ceilings, partitions and other building fences. In terms of size, a ceramic block is 10-15 times larger than a standard brick.

The large-format ceramic block can be used for laying exterior and interior walls, as well as load-bearing walls of residential buildings and industrial buildings up to 5 floors high. Also, porous blocks are used when filling the frames of buildings. Cottages built from this material are distinguished by their solid construction and excellent heat and sound insulation, and the walls, due to the porosity of the material, as they say, breathe which provides a favorable microclimate in the house.

It is important to know that the porosity of the ceramic block is achieved by adding special additives to the clay, for example: sawdust. Due to the fact that during the firing of bricks they burn out, the smallest pores filled with air appear, and since air is a good heat insulator, this increases the thermal insulation of the wall, and the block itself, with large dimensions, due to the characteristic internal voids, turns out to be quite light .

So, the main characteristics of warm ceramics include:

When using large-format blocks, the speed of building walls increases and, accordingly, time is saved for building a house;
Due to the low thermal conductivity of the ceramic block and its size, there is no need for additional wall insulation;
Due to their strength, ceramic blocks can be used as load-bearing walls in the construction of multi-storey buildings;
The use of large-format blocks provides a high level of sound insulation at home;
Since one large-format block replaces several standard bricks, the load on the foundation is reduced due to the low volumetric weight of the material, which accordingly leads to a reduction in costs during its construction;
Thanks to the connection of the blocks using the groove-ridge system, it becomes possible to masonry with only horizontal seams, which reduces the consumption of masonry mortar and reduces the area of cold bridges;
Also, due to the exact geometry of the blocks, even masonry of the wall is ensured, which means that there is no need to level the surface before further finishing.

Block sizes

Since there are several sizes of ceramic blocks on the market, any developer may have a question: What to look for when choosing a ceramic block?

The main sizes of large-format ceramic blocks in millimeters are as follows:

250x380x219
380x250x219
440x250x219
510x250x219

The most widespread in the construction of an energy-efficient house are the following sizes: 380x250x219 and 440x250x219, since these formats provide the best price-quality ratio.

Also, when choosing a ceramic block, you should pay attention to the following letter designations:

NF - the number NF means how many times this block is larger in volume than a single brick with a size of 250 * 120 * 65mm;
M - strength class. The greater the value of the number after the letter, the stronger the block is considered;
F - frost resistance. The number behind this letter means how many conditional cycles of alternate freezing and thawing can transfer the material in a state saturated with water.

Since ceramic blocks are considered a structural element of a house being built, thanks to several standard sizes, the developer gets the opportunity to use blocks of different sizes during construction, guided by the climatic characteristics of the region of his residence and the architectural features of the building being built.

Similarities and differences between warm ceramic blocks

Despite the fact that most ceramic blocks are outwardly similar to each other, however, they may differ from each other in several parameters, for example, the strength and frost resistance factors mentioned above, as well as the use of special additives that burn out during firing, provide material porosity. But what happens if the ceramic block is additionally insulated?

Brick Sales Manager « TEREX" Alexander Astresov :

– Due to the fact that mineral wool is embedded in the voids of the brick, the thermal conductivity of the ceramic block decreases and thanks to this we get a ready-made wall with a thickness of 380 mm. And since the block is polished, a special adhesive solution is used during its laying, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the seam to 1-3 mm, and thereby eliminate cold bridges.

A block of 380 mm, in comparison with blocks of greater width, allows you to increase the usable area of \u200b\u200bthe room, as the wall thickness decreases.

Since warm ceramics have a certain heat capacity, this smooths out the temperature regime in the room. Thus, the block turns into a heat accumulator, which, at the right time, releases the accumulated energy and retains heat better.

Also, warm ceramics is a breathable, environmentally friendly material that balances the humidity in the room and ensures that excessive moisture escapes from the room to the outside, and if the air is too dry, then warm ceramics let moisture in. This ensures a constant and comfortable microclimate in the house.

Advantages of warm ceramics

According to a company specialist RotenSteinAlexey Semin The advantages of warm ceramics include:

A house made of warm ceramics - due to the peculiarities of this material, it is warmer than brick, which reduces heating costs;
The masonry speed increases, and since the mortar is not used on the side joints, this reduces the consumption of the adhesive solution by 4 times compared to conventional brick masonry;
Warm ceramics accumulate heat in winter and then are able to give it away for a long time, and in summer it is not hot and easy to breathe in a building made of ceramic blocks;
Due to the fact that when laying the blocks a flat surface is obtained, when finishing the walls, a smaller amount of plaster is required.

But in order for the walls of the house made of warm ceramics to show all their positive qualities to the maximum, it is necessary to adhere to the following rules:

When laying blocks, instead of a cement-sand mixture, you should use a special warm glue, which allows you to reduce the thickness of the laying joint and, accordingly, minimize cold bridges;
Under adverse weather conditions, the upper part of the wall being built should be protected from precipitation and water should not be allowed to enter the block;
In order to avoid a cold bridge in the vertical seam formed at the junction of the smooth surface of the block with the tongue-and-groove side of another block, it must be filled with an adhesive solution;

When drilling a block of warm ceramics, use drills with the percussion mechanism turned off, and for attaching heavy objects to the walls, you must use special anchors recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

As an interior finish for ceramic blocks, it is recommended to use plaster, and the relief surface of the side surface of the ceramic block ensures reliable adhesion of the plaster to the wall. Outside, facing brick is most often used.

It is important to remember that a gross violation of the rules for laying warm ceramics can lead to No all the advantages of this material, so the construction of the house must be carried out by highly qualified personnel and according to the technology recommended by the manufacturer of ceramic blocks.

In conclusion, it is worth noting that, using warm ceramics during the construction of a house, the developer receives an efficient, perfect and modern material, which, due to its properties, ensures the construction of an energy-efficient, durable and prestigious home in the shortest possible time.

Users of our forum can learn more about building houses from warm ceramics. You can read a detailed story about how our forum member approached the construction of his house from warm ceramics. In this forum of ours, there is a heated discussion of already built houses from ceramic blocks. And after reading our video, you will clearly see how to properly communicate and hang heavy objects in a house built of warm ceramics.

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