Flora of Crimea: names, photos and characteristics. Herbs of the mountain Crimea - hiking in the Crimea What herbs grow in the Crimea

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Medicinal herbs and their use - refers to traditional medicine. They help treat various diseases, especially for those who do not like to take chemicals for various reasons. But this does not mean that medicinal herbs can replace trips to the doctor and annual examinations of the body. In this article, we will consider the medicinal herbs of the Crimea, which grow on the peninsula, both in mountainous regions and in the steppe.

Thyme and its uses

Thyme aka Thyme

Thyme aka Thyme - grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Siberia begins to bloom in early summer (June, July). Thyme is a fragrant plant and constantly attracts many bees. In Crimea, there is no better place to collect it. The high mountain climate and the natural location of the plateau attract many herbalists and traditional healers to collect medicinal herbs on the Ai-Petri Yaila.

It is better to harvest this herb at the beginning of summer, since at this time there are a lot of essential oils in thyme and it is the most fragrant. Drying of the grass is carried out without exposure to sunlight, the bundles are tied and hung upside down from the top of the plant.

Medicinal properties of thyme have been known since ancient times, it contains vitamins B and C, oleic and ursolic acids, gum, tannins.

Thyme is used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetology. It is a good antiseptic and acts on the body as a disinfectant.

Thyme is used in folk medicine to treat various edema and pain, it is also used as a sedative for depression and neurasthenia. It also has a positive effect on coughs and bronchitis. A decoction of thyme helps to get rid of bad breath.

Thyme Recipes

Recipe #1. When coughing or bronchitis, you can mix 1 tablespoon of dry thyme with fresh aloe juice and honey. It is done in a 1:1 ratio.

Recipe #2. One tablespoon of thyme is poured into 400 ml of water and brought to a boil. Then you need to cool and strain. It is used three times a day for half a glass, with headaches, dysbacteriosis, overexertion of the body and loss of sleep.

Origanum vulgaris - this plant is also called Spirit color, Mother. The plant contains active substances, as essential oils, ascorbic acid, phenols and tannins. Oregano grows in the European part of Russia, in Western Siberia, in Central Asia. In Crimea, it is possible in mountainous and steppe regions, as well as on the Kerch Peninsula.

The collection of this plant is carried out from the end of June to August, in dry sunny weather. You can dry it in the attic so that the sun's rays do not fall, spreading the collection on paper, or hanging the formed bunches of the plant upside down. After drying, oregano retains a bitter-spicy and astringent taste.

In folk medicine, oregano is used for gastritis, eczema, acute respiratory diseases, periodontal disease and many other diseases.

Oregano Recipes

Recipe #1. You need to take one part of the dry herb of oregano, add one part of the leaves of the mother and stepmother and black elderberry. Pour boiling water over it all, cool and strain. Take 3 times a day for 1/2 cup half an hour before meals. Helps with respiratory diseases and colds.

Recipe number 2. For a therapeutic bath, you need to take 100 gr. dry herb oregano and pour 3 liters of boiling water. Then insist three hours and strain the broth. Next, you need to add a decoction of oregano to the bath with warm water. Baths are used for gynecological diseases, wound healing, diathesis, calming the nerves.

Schisandra Crimean (Zeleznica Crimean)

Schisandra Crimean, he is also Crimean iron and Tatar-tea.

Lemongrass or Crimean ironwort - grows in the Crimea, it is also often called Tatar-tea on the peninsula. Although if you go into history, the Greeks used the healing properties of lemongrass by eating it. The herb got its name from its lemon smell.

On the peninsula, lemongrass mainly grows in mountainous parts; it can often be seen on the Ai-Petri, Demerdzhi, plateau. Crimean lemongrass blooms all summer from June to August, at which time its collection begins.

The healing properties of lemongrass are generally known to all residents of the southern coast of Crimea, therefore they use it as a wonderful tea in winter. It also boosts immunity, fights bronchitis and respiratory diseases. Good for healing wounds, tumors and bruises. The plant contains essential oils, vitamin C, flavonoids, organic acids, fatty oils.

When brewing tea from Crimean lemongrass - take a tablespoon of flowers or leaves, brew them with boiling water, leave for about 10 minutes, after which you can add a little honey. Some gourmets drink this tea with Kalamata black olives, feta cheese and crispy bread.

Salvia officinalis or Salvia is a herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. Blooms from late May to August. In the Crimea, the plant is rarely found in the wild, it is mainly cultivated. Because the peninsula is well suited for sage officinalis in not very cold winters. It also tolerates drought well, and does not like excess moisture in the soil.

Harvesting sage leaves begins during the flowering period of the plant and continues until the end of August. After that, the collection is dried in well-ventilated rooms.

The leaves of this plant contain organic acids (ursolic, olenolic), vitamins P and PP, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils.

In folk medicine, sage is used for atherosclerosis, sciatica, tonsillitis, and polyarthritis. Also used in the treatment of purulent wounds, gastrointestinal infections, gastritis and kidney disease.

Sage Recipes

Recipe #1. Take one tablespoon of dry crushed sage leaves and pour one glass of milk and cook in an enamel bowl over low heat for 5 minutes. After that, the broth must be filtered and boiled again for 5 minutes. Drink at night before bed. The recipe is used for coughing.

With the addition of sage, many different dishes are prepared, for example, Italians serve warmed sage leaves in butter as a sauce for pasta.

Spring Adonis, aka Spring Adonis, Yellow Thousand, got its name from the ancient Greek god Adonis. It grows in the steppe and foothill regions of the Crimea. Adonis is harvested for medicinal purposes when flowering begins from April to June. Dry in the shade and attics so that the sun's rays do not fall.

The composition of Adonis officinalis includes adonylic acid, quinones, glycosides, coumarins.

You also need to understand that adonis is a potent drug and should be kept away from children, in glass jars or multilayer paper bags.

Adonis spring is used in medicine as a heart remedy and is available in pharmacology as the drug Adonisid in the form of a tincture, as well as in tablets.

Recipe for joint disease

Take one tablespoon of chopped dry herb Adonis spring, pour boiling water and leave for half an hour, after which you need to strain. Taken 1 teaspoon, 3 times a day.

1. If you want to be cheerful, you need to drink Tatar-tea

A cup of invigorating morning coffee can be easily replaced by Tatar tea, also known as lemongrass, or shepherd tea. It is difficult to find it in a pharmacy, because the grass grows in the mountains, most often on the Chatyr-Dag and Demerdzhi yayla. In appearance, lemongrass is almost gray, covered with thick felt hairs, and the stems are with yellow inflorescences. “It is harvested in mid-August, by which time a lot of essential oils and vitamin C accumulate in the flowers, and calcium in the stems and leaves,” Farhad Melikov, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, told KP. - Young inflorescences and leaves have a pleasant smell and are good for making tea. Unlike coffee, Tatar-tea perfectly supports the working capacity of the whole organism all day long. Drinking a cup in the morning will help you quickly get back to work. Shepherd tea has a pleasant lemon aroma, so drinking it is a pleasure, especially with dried fruits. This tea activates the cerebral cortex and strengthens the immune system. It is also used as a remedy for fever. A tincture of herbs will help the rapid healing and scarring of wounds.

Specifically To make tea, you need to pour a pinch of lemongrass leaves and inflorescences with boiling water and let it brew for 15 minutes. Also, tincture can be added to the bath.

2. To strengthen the nerves, lavender must be brewed If you go hiking in the mountains, do not forget to pick fragrant lavender along the way. Everyone knows that the smell of this plant repels moths, but its virtues do not end there. Now lavender is used to make medicinal tinctures, perfumes, food and even clothing. - It blooms all summer, but it is better to collect it in July, - Farhad Maisovich explains. - Lavender is an excellent remedy for insomnia, headache, neurasthenia, hysterical reactions and tearfulness. That is why a decoction of lavender is recommended for children and adults with the manifestation of aggression and insomnia. The mountain plant also has antibacterial properties. Eating strengthens the immune system. Baths with lavender inflorescences will help you relax after a hard day's work. And sachet pillows will protect your sound sleep.

Specifically To combat insomnia and nervous tension, you need to grind dry lavender flowers, pour 2-3 tablespoons into two cups of boiling water. Leave to infuse for 15 minutes. Drink this tea 4 times a day for half a glass or 1 glass before bedtime.

3. Stevia - like honey, drink it and the disease will pass Stevia is known as honey herb because it tastes like sugar. It grows on barren sands or along the edge of swamps. To collect it, you will need to work hard, because there are very few swamps in the Crimea. “The composition of stevia includes various mineral compounds, vitamins, essential oils, amino acids and pectins,” say experts from the Nikitsky Botanical Garden. - This plant contains many substances that serve as a building material for the production of hormones. Stevia decoction is excellent for supporting metabolism, restores carbohydrate and protein metabolism, increases the body's defense functions, neutralizes and removes toxins from it. The herb is indispensable for diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, allergic diseases, low immunity, blood, kidney and gastrointestinal tract diseases. Specifically Grass is compatible with any product and is easy to use. It is enough to pour 1 teaspoon of the collection with boiling water, let it brew for several minutes and take it on an empty stomach. In order to strengthen the immune system, the decoction of this plant should be used for a long period.

Burdock oil perfectly stimulates hair growth and strengthens their roots. A photo: Nikita GARASHCHUK

4. To lose fat sack, collect agrimony It grows on forest edges, along roads and even in city wastelands. Five-leaved yellow flowers are distinguished by the correct shape and small size. Hurry up to collect inflorescences in time, because by the end of August he will already have departed. “This plant is a universal remedy for losing weight and cleansing the body of salts, toxins and toxins,” herbalist Lyubov Zalevskaya told KP. - Alla Pugacheva in an interview said that she was losing weight with the help of a decoction of apricot inflorescences. It gently cleanses the blood vessels and removes salts not only from the joints, but also from the spine, thereby providing a healing effect on the body as a whole. Specifically To lose weight and cleanse the body, you need to pour 100 grams of agrimony with a liter of water and cook on low heat for 15-25 minutes. Honey can be added to the strained remedy. Drink a decoction in the morning and evening before meals for a month. 5. Rosemary will help you against aging, wrinkles This fragrant, needle-like evergreen shrub is highly valued in cooking and aromatherapy for its essential oil content. This is because rosemary fights aging and wrinkles. It can be found on the sea coast of Crimea, which is why many people call this plant "sea dew". It is recommended to collect rosemary in early summer. - Rosemary essential oil is used in treatment and cosmetology, - experts of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden say. - The plant helps with memory impairment, skin diseases of the face and head. Rosemary is able to tone the work of the cardiovascular system, as well as the stomach and liver. The oil of this plant stimulates blood circulation, therefore it is indicated for people suffering from low blood pressure. Specifically, rosemary oil can be rubbed into the skin in the morning or the leaves of this plant can be added to food. Note to the tourist If you came to the Crimea on vacation, want to sunbathe and swim, but there is no time to go to the mountains or wander through the fields in search of useful herbs - it does not matter. Fees can be bought in almost every resort town. True, they are not sold in pharmacies, but often in the markets next to souvenirs.

Thyme and its uses

Thyme aka Thyme

Thyme aka Thyme - grows in the Crimea, the Caucasus, Western Siberia begins to bloom in early summer (June, July). Thyme is a fragrant plant and constantly attracts many bees. In Crimea, there is no better place to collect it than the Ai-Petrinsky plateau. The high mountain climate and the natural location of the plateau attract many herbalists and traditional healers to collect medicinal herbs on the Ai-Petri Yaila.

Medicinal properties of thyme have been known since ancient times, it contains vitamins B and C, oleic and ursolic acids, gum, tannins.

Thyme is used in the food industry, medicine, and cosmetology. It is a good antiseptic and acts on the body as a disinfectant.

Thyme Recipes

Recipe #1. When coughing or bronchitis, you can mix 1 tablespoon of dry thyme with fresh aloe juice and honey. It is done in a 1:1 ratio.

In folk medicine, oregano is used for gastritis, eczema, acute respiratory diseases, periodontal disease and many other diseases.

Oregano Recipes

Schisandra Crimean (Zeleznica Crimean)

Schisandra Crimean, he is also Crimean iron and Tatar-tea.

On the peninsula, lemongrass mainly grows in mountainous parts; it can often be seen on the Ai-Petri, Demerdzhi, Chatyr-Dag plateaus. Crimean lemongrass blooms all summer from June to August, at which time its collection begins.

Salvia officinalis or Salvia is a herbaceous plant of the Lamiaceae family. Blooms from late May to August. In the Crimea, the plant is rarely found in the wild, it is mainly cultivated. Because the climate of the peninsula is well suited for sage officinalis in not very cold winters. It also tolerates drought well, and does not like excess moisture in the soil.

Harvesting sage leaves begins during the flowering period of the plant and continues until the end of August. After that, the collection is dried in well-ventilated rooms.

The leaves of this plant contain organic acids (ursolic, olenolic), vitamins P and PP, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils.

In folk medicine, sage is used for atherosclerosis, sciatica, tonsillitis, and polyarthritis. Also used in the treatment of purulent wounds, gastrointestinal infections, gastritis and kidney disease.

Sage Recipes

With the addition of sage, many different dishes are prepared, for example, Italians serve warmed sage leaves in butter as a sauce for pasta.

The composition of Adonis officinalis includes adonylic acid, quinones, glycosides, coumarins.

You also need to understand that adonis is a potent drug and should be kept away from children, in glass jars or multilayer paper bags.

Adonis spring is used in medicine as a heart remedy and is available in pharmacology as the drug Adonisid in the form of a tincture, as well as in tablets.

Recipe for joint disease:

Take one tablespoon of chopped dry herb Adonis spring, pour boiling water and leave for half an hour, after which you need to strain. Taken 1 teaspoon, 3 times a day.

Medicinal herbs of the Crimea

In the Crimea (and, probably, everywhere), every grass knows its place - it grows only where the best (more precisely, familiar) ratio of sun and shade, moisture and drainage, on suitable soil or even in its complete absence.

1. The stony slopes of limestone ridges in April are illuminated by the almost continuous radiance of spring adonis. Individual plants are found even in the city limits of Sevastopol, Bakhchisaray, Belogorsk and Simferopol (only here, of course, they are not quite medicinal). In general, Adonis is a strong and proven remedy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Yarrow blooms in summer - white porridge. Collect it by cutting off the upper parts of the plant or separately flowers and grass. Infusions, preparations from yarrow are used for intestinal, pulmonary, hemorrhoidal, uterine diseases, as well as for various bleeding. Here, on the rocky slopes, you can find fragrant thyme, it is harvested during the period of full flowering - from mid-June to the end of summer. The essential oil contains only the upper, thin parts of the stems with leaves and flowers. Preparations from them are used as an expectorant, antiseptic; carminative, sedative, anticonvulsant. With neuritis and radiculitis, it relieves pain.Wormwood grass, growing in the same stony dry places, is used to treat gastrointestinal diseases, anemia, insomnia, hypertension, diseases of the liver and gallbladder.

2. If you go down a little, then at the foot of the foothill ridges, on the sunny edges of the copses, in the meadows, along the roads, now rare chamomile curtains grow, blooming since June and having a wide range of applications from normalizing the activity of the gastrointestinal tract to improving hair nutrition. Chamomile flower tea is one of the few medicines that always comes in handy.

There is probably no point in praising the plantain, although it is worth it: we all used its merciful leaves in early childhood. But in addition to treating abrasions and cuts with fresh plantain, it is used in the form of juice - for gastritis, colitis, cystitis, and an infusion of dried leaves as an expectorant.

It is quite rare to find perforated St. John's wort (a lot of similar grass with the same bright yellow flower stars, but with leaves without "perforation"), blooming from June to September. An infusion of flowers and leaves has astringent, anti-inflammatory and tonic properties. St. John's wort tea, fragrant and pleasant to the taste, soothes, fills with a sense of comfort. Only ATTENTION: the infusion of St. John's wort strengthens. With normal digestion (and even more so with a tendency to constipation), it should be brewed only in a mixture with chamomile (a mild laxative).

It is better not to touch the familiar dandelion in cities and towns - car exhausts settle on its leaves, but it will not hurt to bring leaves from a country walk. Fresh young leaves, soaked in salt water for about half an hour, can be added to lard. Dandelion roots (harvested in autumn) are used to stimulate appetite, constipation and as a choleretic agent. 3. The next typical "deposit" is wastelands, weedy places abandoned by people, places of centuries-old grazing. First of all, burdock-burdock with a powerful flower-bearing stem is striking here. But we just don’t need it - it’s too old, but the annual burdock with the same huge leaves, but without a stem, has a healing root, a decoction of which is known as a strong diuretic and diaphoretic.

Nettle makes itself felt with burning pain, but nevertheless the plant is very useful, especially fresh leaves, the chlorophyll of which is not destroyed by boiling. They have strong hemostatic and expectorant properties, and are used for intestinal disorders. Decoctions of dried nettle leaves are also used for rinsing hair. Knotweed (bird buckwheat) is clearly visible where other grass has been trampled, there is a lot of it in settlements, especially in new buildings. Meanwhile, this invisible plant increases blood clotting, reduces the muscles of the uterus, has an anti-inflammatory effect, expels sand in kidney diseases. Of course, you need to collect it in those places that people have long abandoned.

The name motherwort speaks for itself. It is hard to imagine a pile of broken roof tiles and old ashes somewhere in an abandoned mountain village without nettles and without its small pink flowers peeping out from the axils of five-lobed leaves. Motherwort contains an excellent sedative that is 3-4 times more effective than valerian. The upper part of the flowering plant is harvested from June to September. In the same habitats left by people (in the valleys under the "cave" cities of the Southwestern Crimea), I saw entire glades or even fields of Indian hemp. However, it is not recognized as a medicine ...

Strawberries, Crimean mountains4. Finally, the last type of habitats. On the road, the thought of water will always come. And in damp places, near streams, rivers, ponds, on the wet slopes of ravines, you will surely find a series with tripartite leaves and small yellow flowers. If there is a baby in the house, you can not do without it. Collect and dry only the leaves of the series. Used in decoctions for colds and as a diuretic. Bathing in decoctions of a string protects the child from prickly heat, all kinds of rashes and diaper rash, scrofula, rickets, makes his skin resistant to infections.

At the same springs, gathering some water for tea, you find mint and lemon balm (lemongrass) very conveniently. Unusually pleasant taste (besides, it allows you to save on sugar) and a strong sedative. Drinking, however, is only for the coming dream.

Through the mountains to the sea with a light backpack. Route 30 passes through the famous Fisht - this is one of the most grandiose and significant natural monuments in Russia, the highest mountains closest to Moscow. Tourists travel lightly through all the landscape and climatic zones of the country from the foothills to the subtropics, spending the night in shelters.

Crimean flora is characterized by great diversity. In a small area there are forest, steppe, semi-desert and desert natural zones. Their distribution is related to the climate and topography of the peninsula. There are about 250 endemic plants in the Crimea, some representatives of the flora are relics of the Ice Age. Mediterranean species have taken root well on the South Shore.

Below are some representatives of the flora of the Crimea with a brief description and photos.

Colchicum Ankara

Corm perennial grows in the steppes and on the slopes of the mountains. The height of the plant is only 5 cm. There is a bluish bloom on the leaves of the lanceolate form. Flowering, depending on the temperature regime, begins in January-March. Colchicum flowers of a pink-purple hue look like a crocus. However, unlike the crocus, the flowers and leaves of the plant appear at the same time. Colchicum belongs to poisonous plants, today it is listed in the Red Book.

Astragalus bristly

The perennial herbaceous plant is listed as an endangered species. At present, it has been preserved only in three regions of the southern coast of Crimea. The relic grows on rocks and slopes, its height is 15 cm. The shoots are covered with stiff hairs, the narrow foliage has soft pubescence. The plant has a high drought tolerance. Purple flowers bloom in May.

magnolia grandiflora

An evergreen tree grows up to 30 m. It has a thick trunk and a dense crown. The leathery leaves are pointed. Large white flowers are eye-catching. Magnolia blooms all summer and bears fruit in mid-autumn. Flowers and fruits contain a large amount of essential oil. Today they are widely used in perfumery.

real lady's slipper

The Red Book perennial of the orchid family is found in the mountain belt, foothills and on the southern coast of Crimea. The length of the flowering stem is 60 cm, green leaves have an oval-lanceolate shape. The flower is shaped like a shoe, hence the name of the orchid. During the flowering period, the plant exudes a pleasant aroma, luring insects to it. Prefers shaded mixed forests and edges, rarely found in open areas. The main threat to the venus slipper population is the massive gathering for bouquets and digging up roots for transplanting into gardens.

Snowdrop folded

Perennial bulbous plant belongs to the Amaryllis family. It can be found on the edges of forests, among shrubs, in mountainous areas. The height of the snowdrop is 25 cm, dark green leaves are covered with a bluish bloom. The plant blooms in early spring, flowering lasts about a month. White single flowers exude a delicate aroma. At the end of spring, the foliage disappears until the next year, the vegetation continues in the underground part. The number of snowdrops has decreased significantly due to human economic and commercial activities.

Barberry ordinary

Branched and thorny shrub grows up to 1.5 m. Yellowish shoots acquire a gray tint with age. The leaves are located in the axils of the spines. In autumn, it becomes a rich red color, which gives the bush a decorative effect. Barberry blooms in May, the flowers are collected in a brush. Red berries of an elliptical shape ripen in September-October. Barberry is considered a medicinal plant. Preparations based on it have a choleretic, antispasmodic and diuretic effect. The wood is used to make handicrafts and souvenirs.

Yew berry

Coniferous tree is a relic of the Crimea. It is found in forests and on the slopes of mountains, very rarely forms small groves. The yew grows very slowly, the annual growth is only 2 cm. The life span of the tree is amazing, some individuals are 4000 years old. Yew is the only representative of conifers that does not have resin. However, the bark, needles and wood are very poisonous. The tree is recognizable by its conical crown, reddish-brown bark, and bright red seedlings. Wood has been in demand since ancient times, it is heavy, resilient and resistant to decay. Today, economic use is out of the question. All areas of the yew on Earth, including the Crimea, are reserved.

pistachio

The tree came to the island from . The life span can be 1000 years. The height of the pistachio reaches 8 m, it has a dense crown and ash-colored bark. The oval leaves are collected in a bunch, the flowers are inconspicuous. Fruits, spherical drupes, ripen at the end of summer. The plant is drought-resistant, tolerates highly saline soils, but needs intense lighting. Pistachio does not form independent plantations. In many fruits, the seeds simply do not ripen, which is why the tree does not reproduce well. The wood is very dense and heavy. The pistachio is listed in the Red Book, the limiting factors are human activity, cataclysms, unregulated recreation and erosion.

Walnut

The tree came to Crimea from Greece and gradually spread throughout the peninsula. Adult individuals reach a height of 30 m, the average life expectancy is up to 3-4 centuries. The walnut has a spreading crown with numerous branches. The girth of the trunk is 2 m. The walnut is distinguished by a powerful root system, which extends 20 m in different directions. The elongated leaves have a specific smell. The fruits are false drupes that contain one seed. Nuts ripen by early September. The wood has a beautiful pattern, so it is highly valued in the furniture industry.

cypress evergreen

The coniferous tree has a pyramidal shape. The height of the trunk is 30 m. The dark green needles have a pleasant aroma, small cones are covered with a pattern. Most of all, cypress is common on the southern coast of Crimea. Here he forms groves and alleys, actively participates in the formation of a healing climate. The tree reaches its maximum height at the age of 100 years. It tolerates drought and significant temperature drops well.

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