Repair of brick chimneys of private houses. Chimney repair: ways to restore steel and brick pipes. Preparation for work

  • How many years a chimney can last is a question that is difficult to give a definite answer. In practice, it can be a year or a hundred. Too many factors affect its durability. One of the most important is the design of the chimney and, of course, how it was built. We must also not forget about the time factor and the maximum loads that come to the pipe.

    The chimney, like any other engineering system, requires maintenance and periodic repairs. The essence of the maintenance of the smoke duct is to clean its internal surfaces from soot and soot. This procedure can be carried out independently with the help of special tools. But the repair can be quite a complicated process.

    How to assess the complexity of repair work

    It is strictly forbidden to carry out repairs, cleaning chimneys, lining, lining, etc. blindly, as this can have serious consequences. Therefore, any work of this kind should begin with an examination by specialists of chimneys and ventilation ducts. Today, video cameras and computer analysis are used for these purposes.

    After drawing up a technical report, including:

    • description of the state of the system,
    • diagrams (if needed)
    • photographic materials,
    • measures necessary for repair or other measures to bring the system into compliance with the regulations issued a special The act of inspection of chimneys and ventilation ducts. By the way, without such an act, it is forbidden to connect gas or replace the boiler. According to current regulations, the condition of the structure must be checked annually.

    When repair is needed: natural and artificial causes

    There are a number of reasons why a chimney collapses. This can happen for natural reasons, say, due to aging from time to time or from exposure to natural forces - frequent rains and snow, hail, sharp temperature fluctuations. Water that has had time to soak into the masonry periodically freezes and thaws, which causes the formation of cracks. This, in turn, leads first to the loosening of small fragments of bricks, and then to the fallout of whole ones. However, the destruction of brickwork can also be associated with

    • using bricks that do not meet the requirements for laying pipes,
    • poor quality masonry
    • exposure to condensate
    • lack or incorrect design of a protective umbrella, etc.

    Chimneys made of hollow bricks are more reliable and less demanding to maintain.

    It is quite simple to explain this: the mortar, getting into the voids of the brick during laying, becomes a kind of buffer that absorbs moisture that has seeped into the seams.

    Unlike them, in the variant of monolithic bricks, if the masonry is not sealed, then the probability of its delamination along the mortar joints is quite high. As a result, the roof at the chimney often leaks. Similar problems, as a rule, arise when using poor-quality masonry mortar, as well as an excess or deficiency of one of its components: sand or water.

    The service life of the chimney is also associated with the operating conditions of the heating devices, its intensity. Under the influence of a constant influx of heat from the furnace, the chimney becomes warm enough in winter, so snow does not linger on it and an ice crust grows. However, if the pipe has not warmed up for a very long time, and then suddenly heats up to a high temperature, then serious problems can arise.

    How to repair: basic options

    If the pipe was folded by an experienced bricklayer and used high-quality materials, then, subject to proper operation, the chimney can last 15–30 years before a major overhaul. With regular maintenance, this period can be extended. To do this, the outer surfaces of the pipe are usually completely treated with a special penetrating waterproofing, which prevents moisture from penetrating into the seams of the brickwork.

    How to deal with cracks

    Repair of a brick chimney when cracks appear on the body of the pipe, it should be carried out as soon as possible, preferably before the onset of frost:

    It is important to ensure that after such a repair, rainwater or snow does not get into the crack. Otherwise, it is quite possible that the most seemingly harmless crack in the masonry will quickly grow to catastrophic proportions.

    Works on the restoration of the cement head

    Even regular maintenance cannot permanently protect against exposure to snow and ice, rainwater. And first of all, the cement head suffers from this. If repairs are needed, it is usually cut down and refilled. This process in itself is simple, but since the repair of the pipe is carried out at high altitude, you need to carefully prepare for it - to build comfortable scaffolds, ladders and fences.

    A dilapidated cement head can be easily cut down with a puncher, but it is more correct to cut it with a grinder into small fragments, carefully remove them and, folding them into a bucket, lower them down from the roof.

    Often, in addition to the head, the uppermost sections are also destroyed. It is recommended to replace or repair these parts before pouring the head. It is also necessary to carefully examine all the seams of the brickwork adjacent to the head. If necessary (they are weakened and crumble), the seams are opened with a grinder, washed and sealed with a fresh solution.

    Complete pipe change

    If the volume and list of necessary repair work is too large, then all problems can be solved immediately by shifting the pipe. In addition, at the same time, you can be sure that there are no unnoticed or hidden defects in the masonry.

    Old pipes are dismantled layer by layer, brick by brick. The laying of a not very large pipe in cramped conditions can be dismantled using a conventional weighted hammer and scarpel. If the dimensions of the pipe are large or the mortar is strong enough, it is more correct to use a perforator. It is better to remove one brick at a time, put them in buckets, then safely lower them off the roof. As a rule, it is possible to disassemble and shift old chimneys mostly without much hassle.

    In some cases, a complete alteration of the shaft can be avoided by inserting a metal pipe made of heat-resistant steel into the chimney. This is perhaps the most economical and reasonable solution, since, on the one hand, it does not require a large amount of labor-intensive work associated with brick and cement, and on the other hand, it avoids the destruction that is inevitable when dismantling the old one.

The integrity of the chimney ensures the efficient operation of any heating unit and the safety of people in the same room. However, it is not only cracks or other physical damage to masonry that require repair. Soot clogging is a common reason why furnace and fireplace chimney repairs are carried out. It is from this that microscopic destruction begins, invisible at first. Also, the reason may be the use of materials with insufficient heat resistance.

Types of destruction

The technology of laying a brick oven requires the use of fireclay clay materials. Chimneys for her used to be built of brick, but now they are assembled from steel pipes. At the same time, the brick has a high degree of absorption of acids, which are contained in the combustion products. For this reason, its strength is lost over time, even if the stove or fireplace was operated correctly.

Steel chimneys are durable, but ultra-high temperatures lead to their destruction. Here it is very important to choose the right steel grade. The reliability of the pipe can be provided by steel, called acid-resistant. That is why it is not enough to choose a heat-resistant brand, for example, a simple stainless steel. One should choose one that resists the action of acids.

Most often, the destruction of the chimney of the stove and fireplace is associated with cracks in the brickwork or in one of the segments of the steel channel. Also, the reasons for the repair are the following factors:

  • incorrectly executed brickwork (mortar fell out of the seams and froze);
  • the formation of a large amount of condensate due to the connection of an existing chimney to modern heating equipment;
  • ignition of soot from sparks from the furnace furnace, which can lead to ignition, explosion, fire;
  • traction failure, insufficient traction, reverse traction associated with improper pipe installation.

It should be borne in mind that the repair of chimneys is carried out not after visible damage, but in the presence of the slightest reasons that can lead to them. It is undesirable to simply coat brick structures with fireclay clay composition. There are more efficient and technologically advanced ways to restore the integrity of the chimney pipes.

Repair methods

A brick fireplace chimney may need to be parsed in whole or in part. It is more expedient not only to replace the masonry, but also to exclude its destruction in the future. To do this, use the following pipe repair methods:

Repair of a steel chimney is carried out, as a rule, due to cracks in the walls of the pipe. It is important to notice them in time, so they are regularly inspected.. Repair of a metal pipe most often costs by replacing one sector. At the same time, it is important to control the integrity of the coupling joints and seals.

Gilzovanie

This type of repair means the reconstruction of a brick pipe with the simultaneous installation of an internal steel channel. Thus, a structure is obtained from 2 chimneys located one in the other. Gilzovanie allows you to leave the whole brick body, and inside to provide a new, smooth surface. The service life of acid-resistant steel is unmatched by other materials.

This design is also characterized by good tightness and low soot formation. Collect it in 2 ways:

  • build up in brickwork partially dismantled over the entire height;
  • they assemble the metal structure in advance on the street and install it in the chimney in finished form.

Mandatory conditions for reconstruction in this way: insulation between the inner brick and outer metal walls of the chimney. In addition, it is planned to install a condensate collector and revision.

It is carried out with modern mixtures that can withstand acids and high temperatures of combustion products. Finely dispersed granite chips are the basis of such compositions. Cement and lime are added to them, then diluted with water. With a special device, the solution is sprayed onto the walls of the chimney cleaned of soot. After hardening, the mixture acquires high heat resistance, fire resistance, strength. This type of repair is suitable for whole brick surfaces as a prevention of damage, sealing cracks.

Repair of chimneys, lining, lining, types and causes of destruction


What is the repair of chimneys and what are the ways to repair it. Causes of destruction of chimneys.

Possible defects and ways to repair chimneys made of steel and brick

In a house where a fireplace is designed or any heat generator is installed, it is impossible to do without a chimney. It is considered not just a working element, but an indispensable complex structure responsible for the microclimate in the room and the full operation of the hearth. It is very important that the chimney is properly designed and always cleaned. It is also important to carry out its repair in a timely manner, otherwise problems with ventilation cannot be avoided. How do you know it's time for a chimney repair? What are the main reasons for it? How to troubleshoot correctly? In this article we will try to answer all your questions. But first of all, you should understand how important the chimney is, so first of all we will consider its functions.

The main functions of chimney ducts

The chimney is a vertical channel with a rectangular or round section, made of bricks or made of special metal structural elements. It must have good thermal insulation, meet fire safety requirements, be distinguished by ease of installation, endurance, durability, and aesthetics. Its main tasks are the removal of forming gases and smoke from a fireplace, stove, boiler or any other heat generator into the atmosphere, providing full-fledged traction, giving the structure a special decorative look.

Any faults in the operation of the chimney can lead to the accumulation of combustion products in the room, cause problems in the operation of the heating system or fireplace, and lead to disruption of normal air circulation. In view of this, it is very important to constantly check the chimney and promptly eliminate possible causes that may cause it to malfunction. About them - in more detail.

In what cases can not do without repair

Possible reasons for the need to repair chimneys may be:

  • destruction of their outer part as a result of the negative impact of precipitation or other influences, both natural and non-natural;
  • cracks in brickwork indoors;
  • poor traction due to improper masonry, soot clogging, blockage of mortar or brick that has fallen out;
  • cracks in the foundation of the stove, formed during operation, as a result of not heating the walls of the fireplace or stove even after a long fire;
  • cracks or poor-quality sealing of the chimney joints with mortar.

It is important to remember that it is advisable to eliminate these causes in a timely manner, choosing the best repair method for this. Its choice depends on the material from which the chimney is made.

We repair a steel modular chimney

Steel chimneys are distinguished by reliability and endurance, long service life and availability. They are modular systems consisting of individual metal elements connected to each other by clamps. Their repair is carried out quite simply and quickly: after cleaning and inspecting the entire structure, the main reason for the problems with draft or smoke removal is revealed.

Most often, faulty operation is due to cracks that have formed on individual segments of the chimney. In order to normalize it and resume the full functioning of the entire modular system, it is necessary to replace damaged elements in its design. This work will not take much time, since it does not require the dismantling of the entire chimney. It will be enough to remove several of its sections (maximum three - four).

It is important to remember that during the replacement of damaged metal segments of the chimney, you must be extremely careful not to damage the clamps and not violate the integrity of the entire modular structure. Each constituent element must be securely fixed to the other, otherwise smoke and gases will pass through the connections, which is highly undesirable.

Troubleshooting a brick chimney

If the repair of steel chimneys is done quickly and easily, then the repair of brick chimneys requires a more serious approach. It can be performed in several ways and largely depends on the cause that caused the problems. When the working element of the heat generator is covered with cracks or collapsed, the brickwork is being repaired.

The main task of the master in this case is to restore the damaged area as efficiently as possible. To do this, it is necessary to disassemble the chimney to the place of its damage and re-lay the masonry using a new brick. If the chimney is designed correctly, it will not be necessary to disassemble the entire masonry during its repair. If mistakes were made during the installation of the gas and smoke exhaust system, it is easier to completely redo it.

Very important: during the repair of a brick chimney, only fireclay clay intended for laying fireplaces and stoves, and fire-resistant bricks can be used.

When alteration of a brick shaft is required, a chimney sleeve is made. This repair method will help to avoid time-consuming and dirty work, which will subsequently lead to the need to repair the roof and the entire room, it is used only when problems arise with a straight chimney, without bends and displacements, involves the installation of a ceramic or steel tube of a certain diameter, according to the needs of the heat generator. The result of the chimney sleeve is an improvement in draft, an increase in the tightness of seams and joints, and the prevention of soot formation on a smooth surface.

An important point: it is better to use stainless steel pipes for the chimney sleeve. They stably react to temperature changes and exposure to condensate, so they will last much longer.

If you need to repair the chimney quickly and efficiently, it is best to resort to lining it. This method does not involve parsing masonry. It is based on finishing the chimney channel with special refractory compounds made of granite chips, cement and lime or perlite rocks, which are characterized by high adhesion to brick and concrete surfaces.

The main features of the lining of the chimney include:

  • universality: this method can be used both for repairing chimneys and ventilation ducts;
  • improvement of draft and simplification of channel cleaning due to the formation of a smooth surface inside the chimney;
  • resistance to temperature and atmospheric influences;
  • minimum labor costs when performing repair work;
  • increased fire safety and minimal risk of leakage of combustion products due to the solidity of the inner surface of the chimney;
  • the speed of the process (it will take a maximum of five hours to repair the chimney in this way);

Important: after lining the chimney, its cross-sectional area practically does not change.

The process of lining the chimney channel begins with preparatory work. First of all, it is cleaned of soot, loose pieces and debris, then it is moistened with a special aqueous solution and with the help of a blowing brush wrapped in a cloth, which is lowered into the chimney on a winch, a special composition is applied in three layers. It is important not to forget that each subsequent layer should be applied after the previous one has completely dried.

Another effective way to repair brick chimneys is lining with polymer liners. Despite the fact that he has not yet managed to win special popularity, experienced craftsmen recommend resorting to him in the course of work. The lining of polymer liners involves the installation of special polymer liners developed using new technology in the chimney channel. They not only allow you to quickly restore the chimney, but also minimize the risk of its further destruction.

Repair of the chimney channel in this way is performed as follows:

  • the polymer liner is inflated with compressed air, then with steam and mounted in the inner channel of the chimney;
  • under pressure, the liner takes the form of a chimney channel, adheres tightly to the walls and freezes, as a result - a smooth and durable polymer layer is formed inside the chimney without seams and cracks, resistant to atmospheric precipitation and high temperatures, soot and condensate do not accumulate on it.

Maintenance of a chimney repaired in this way is quite simple and quick.

No matter how simple and quick the repair of the chimney is, it is advisable to put it on the shoulders of experienced professionals. They will get the job done right and with the highest quality.

Chimney repair: types of defects and ways to eliminate them


Chimney repair can be done in several ways. The subsequent

Chimney repair: choose a method

It is hardly worth saying that the main working element of the fireplace is the chimney. All the work of the hearth depends on its design, purity and integrity. Therefore, cleaning and repairing chimneys should be the main concern of the owners of fireplaces and other heating appliances.

If, due to the impact of precipitation and wind, the destruction of the outer part of the chimney has begun or cracks have appeared on the brickwork inside the room, you can deal with such problems and repair the chimney yourself. It is enough to plaster the masonry, sort it out or protect the chimney with a metal cap.

But what to do when the destruction occurred inside the chimney?

Repair of steel chimneys

With modern steel chimneys that are used for gas boilers, problems rarely occur, but even if there are malfunctions, it will not be difficult to repair the chimney. The fact is that chimneys for gas boilers are a modular design, consisting of separate segments interconnected with clamps.

Components of a steel chimney

It is enough to dismantle the smoke channel, remove the damaged segments from it and replace them with new ones of the same diameter.

As a rule, if the chimney of a gas boiler is not closed with a decorative box, its repair does not take much time and does not require the dismantling of more than three or four sections.

How to repair a brick chimney?

Today, there are many ways to repair and restore brick chimneys, which are often used for solid fuel boilers. Some of them have been used for a very long time, but there are also modern methods that allow you to work quickly, efficiently and without unnecessary dirt.

Collapsing brick chimney

Brickwork repair

Old brick chimneys often not only crack, but also collapse. To restore the damaged areas, it is necessary to disassemble the chimney to the very place of damage, starting from the top, and replace the bricks.

If the fireplace was built by an experienced stove-maker who used the ceiling as an intermediate foundation, it will be easier to repair the chimney below the ceiling, since you do not have to disassemble almost the entire masonry. Otherwise, it is sometimes easier to lay down a completely new chimney.

Attention! To repair brick chimneys, use only refractory material and fireclay, designed specifically for laying stoves and fireplaces.

Inserting a sleeve into a brick chimney

Chimney sleeve

Alteration of a brick shaft is a very time-consuming and dirty work, requiring the subsequent repair of the roof, and sometimes the living quarters. It can be avoided by inserting a steel or ceramic pipe into the chimney, the diameter of which corresponds to the needs of the heater.

Unfortunately, this method is suitable only for straight chimneys, without offsets and bends, with a constant section along the entire length.

Chimney liners makes it airtight and improves traction, and on the smooth surface of pipes less soot is produced(see How to clean a chimney). Since the chimney must be resistant not only to high temperatures, but also to the effects of condensate, it is best to use stainless steel pipes for the sleeve.

Smoke channel lining

If you want the repair of a brick chimney to be carried out quickly and efficiently, without dismantling the masonry, use the offers for lining or bricking smoke channels with special Mordaks or Masan tools.

  • "Mordax" is a refractory composition based on granite chips, which is produced in Finland. To obtain a working solution, the Mordax mass is mixed with lime, cement and water.
  • Lining mixture " Masan" developed in Russia. Its basis is heat-resistant rock perlite.

Both compositions are highly adhesive - they easily adhere to the brick or concrete from which the chimney is made. The benefits of this repair method include:

  • Formation of a smooth surface inside the smoke channel, resulting in improved draft and easier cleaning.
  • The inner surface of the chimney becomes monolithic, without seams and cracks, which increases fire safety and the risk of leakage of combustion products.
  • The bricking method is universal - it can be used to repair both smoke and ventilation ducts.
  • Bricking is done quite quickly (the whole process takes several hours).
  • The cross-sectional area of ​​​​the chimney after bricking practically does not decrease.
  • Both formulations are non-flammable and can withstand very high temperatures.

Chimney before lining

Chimney after lining

Before proceeding with the repair of the chimney, it must be thoroughly cleaned of soot, debris and loose pieces. After that, the channel is moistened and a special blowing brush wrapped in a cloth is lowered into it on a winch. Moving along the chimney channel, it sprays the finished mixture onto its walls.

The process is repeated three times, allowing each layer to dry.

Chimney lining process

Some difficulties during the laying may arise if the cross-sectional area of ​​the channel is not the same in different areas. In such cases, you have to change the brush to a larger or smaller size.

Lining with polymer liners

This is the most modern way to repair chimneys, which has not yet received sufficient distribution.

Installing a chimney liner

Polymer inserts for ventilation ducts and chimneys of gas heaters with low flue gas temperatures have been used for quite a long time.

It was only a few years ago that the new HT 1000 technology for fireplaces and solid fuel stoves was developed (see Furnace Lining). It allows not only to quickly restore the chimney, but also eliminate the risk of its further destruction.

Repair is as follows:

  • A polymer liner is installed inside the chimney, which is first inflated with compressed air and then with steam.
  • The liner under the action of pressure takes the form of a chimney, tightly adhering to its walls, and then solidifies.
  • Inside the chimney, a strong and smooth polymer layer is formed without a single crack, which does not collapse under the influence of high temperature, and prevents soot and condensate from accumulating on the walls.

The result is a practically new chimney with superior performance and serviceability.

Repair of brick and steel chimneys


Do-it-yourself brick and steel chimney repair. Sleeve, lining and lining of a brick chimney.

Any engineering structures, be it bridges, power lines or furnace chimneys, require periodic maintenance and repair. Time and external factors in the form of moisture, wind and frost do their destructive work, and in the end, after the next inspection, it comes to the realization that the chimney pipe needs to be repaired.

Repair of a brick chimney

Perhaps the most difficult is the repair of a brick chimney. This is due to the fact that the work has to be carried out at a height, in an uncomfortable position. Climbing bricks and mortar to the height does not add to the process of lightness. This is a very hard and difficult job. First, you need to understand the scale of the disaster. And it is from this to proceed when choosing the material and its quantity. Small cracks can be carefully covered with mortar. One, two fallen or crumbled bricks can be replaced without dismantling the chimney.

If, however, a wide crack has gone in the brickwork along the entire pipe, the brick has crumbled in more than 10% of the masonry - it is necessary to disassemble the masonry to the place where the crack disappears and lay out the missing rows again. Unfortunately, if the masonry is badly damaged, there is no other way to restore the pipe.

Before proceeding with the repair, it is necessary to analyze the cause of the destruction. If the destruction is external, then establish their cause. With a high degree of probability - this is precipitation. To protect the pipe from them after repair, it can be additionally plastered with cement mortar, overlaid with decorative bricks or made a metal box, preferably from stainless steel.

Above the brick pipe, to protect it from rain, it will be correct to install a metal umbrella that protects it from rain getting inside.

If the destruction is more pronounced inside the chimney, then this is a serious bell and a warning that moisture is accumulating inside. The accumulation of moisture in the chimney is a sign of a low temperature of the exhaust gases.


You can check this by placing a well-cut white wooden torch in the chimney during heating for half an hour. If the torch does not turn yellow after removal, then the temperature of the outgoing gases does not exceed 150 *. Condensation does not form at temperatures above 200*. In order to raise the temperature, the chimney is insulated. To do this, a layer of non-combustible thermal insulation (mineral wool) is wrapped around it, which is fixed either with wire clamps, or winding is carried out over the thermal insulation with a layer of netting mesh and then plastering is carried out. In such a chimney protected from the cold, the temperature rises, and the release of condensate decreases.

Internal repair of chimneys and ventilation ducts

If during the audit no obvious defects were found or small ones were found, then it is most correct to carry out the so-called “preventive repair”. There are two well-proven methods of such repair. These methods are designed to make internal repairs of chimneys and ventilation ducts of furnaces:

Ventilation sleeve

The most common now is the “sleeve” of the chimney channel.

It is produced by selecting a stainless steel pipe (it may not necessarily be stainless steel, it may also be a ceramic pipe, if we are talking exclusively about a ventilation duct, and not a chimney of a solid fuel stove) of the required diameter and installing it inside an existing smoke or ventilation brick smoke duct . The chimney is thoroughly cleaned beforehand.

Lining of ventilation ducts

A method that has appeared relatively recently and has not yet become widespread is lining or lining with special non-combustible mixtures, or, more simply, internal plastering. On sale there are two types of mixture for these works - this is the Russian development "Masan" made on the basis of perlite and the Finnish "Mordax" based on granite chips. These mixtures have good adhesion and fit well on any brick surface.

First, the chimney channel is thoroughly cleaned. Then, the walls are moistened. And then a lining is carried out with a special brush, which sprays the mixture on the walls. After such treatment, the inner surface of the chimney becomes smooth, without cracks and damage, and most importantly, it does not lead to narrowing of the chimney.

This treatment makes repairing stove chimneys and repairing fireplace chimneys much easier. Of course, not everyone has such equipment, and therefore it is better to entrust this work to professionals who have the necessary tools and the skills to use them.

Gas boiler chimney repair

The repair of gas chimneys has a number of features due to the fact that the temperatures of the combustion products are not as high as in solid fuel stoves. Recently, the most progressive method is the installation of polymer liners. First, a polymer shell of the liner is installed inside the chimney, which is first pumped with compressed air and then with hot steam. Under the influence of pressure and temperature, the liner takes the form of a pipe channel, tightly fitting all the irregularities.

As the steam cools, the shell solidifies. The repair of chimneys and ventilation ducts made in this way leads to the formation of an absolutely smooth surface that does not retain gas combustion products in the form of small soot particles.
Currently, similar technologies are emerging for solid fuel furnaces with an elevated temperature of the outgoing gases.

Repair of chimneys from sandwich pipes

Perhaps the simplest of all types of chimneys is repairing chimneys from sandwich pipes. All repairs are reduced to the replacement of the defective knee. At the same time, the smoke channel is completely cleaned, checking for defects that were not noticed before.

At present, anything can be used as a building material for the construction of furnaces: reinforced concrete, cement. But the most common material has always been and will be brick. Brick ovens and chimneys are the most favorite among the residents. They are convenient and easy to install, cheap and have good aesthetic qualities. Nevertheless, brick ovens also have disadvantages.

In the process of laying the chimney, pay attention to the dressing of the bricks, especially if you did not use a whole brick, but halves, fours, three-fours.

First of all, this is their fragility. Over time, you will have to make repairs, which can be very expensive. In addition, with improper operation, the destruction of the furnace and pipe can be observed after 2-5 years.

Destruction can not only harm the structure itself, but also be dangerous for its inhabitants.

In the presence of damage, such as cracks in the chimney, the presence of soot, a decrease in the draft force of the pipe is possible, and all harmful gases (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, tar, and so on) can enter the room.

They poison the human body. Let us consider in more detail how a brick chimney is repaired, what equipment may be required for this, what are the reasons for repairing pipes, the main stages of work.

The main causes of destruction

Dismantling a brick pipe is not always an easy task. Any design wears out over time, the only difference is time. Repair of a brick pipe can be carried out either with your own hands or with the help of a team of specialists. The first option will take longer, but you can save a lot if you use it. There are quite a few reasons in the chimney. One of them is the difference in the thermal coefficient of the materials from which it is made. For example, if a pipe consists of fireclay bricks and a mortar is used that is very close in composition to it, then despite this, their thermal coefficient will be different. This means that the materials will heat up unevenly.

As a result of all this, the part of the pipe closest to the furnace heats up faster and stronger, and the far part less, which causes vertical and horizontal expansion. As a result of heating, the volume of the bricks themselves also changes, which is difficult to see with the naked eye. But that is why cracks occur. The next reason that can lead to dismantling is the wrong choice of fuel. Repairs will be needed if the chimney pipe is clogged as a result of soot accumulation. Soot is most actively formed when coniferous wood, such as spruce, pine, is used as fuel. This is due to the evaporation of the resin.

Chimney repair

Chimney device at the transition of the chimney through the floor: 1 Channels for the installation of reinforcing rods. 2 Stone shell. 3 Contour thermal insulation. 4 Interfloor overlap along the lags. 5 Layer of insulation of the chimney from the ceiling (20 mm).

Repair of a brick chimney can be conservative or with the use of special tools. Conservative repair consists in cleaning the pipe and chimney using improvised means. First, you need to change the type of fuel. For this purpose, it is best to use birch and other non-coniferous tree species. Secondly, edible salt is a good folk remedy for cleaning the chimney. But here it is important to follow a certain sequence of actions. First you need to heat the stove, using alder or aspen for this. After that, when the oven warms up well, you need to throw a small amount of salt.

If soot was the cause of the blockage of the pipe and the decrease in traction, then this method will help to get rid of it completely. If this does not help, then you will have to partially disassemble and clean it manually. Most often, this occurs as a result of a collapse, when a brick or its fragment is stuck in the lumen of the pipe.

Repair in case of brick jam

A vacuum cleaner can be used to clean the chimney, but this method is only used when there is little soot.

Repair of a brick chimney should be carried out immediately if a brick is stuck in its clearance. This can happen as a result of its beginning destruction. In order to get it, you will need the following equipment and materials: a ladder, rope, gloves, a flashlight, a long pole, masonry mortar, a chisel, or any other sharp metal tool that will be needed to separate the knockout brick. A sledgehammer (hammer) may also come in handy. The first step is to protect yourself, since the repair of a brick chimney will be carried out at a height. To do this, it is important to have non-slip shoes, gloves and attach to the pipe with a rope.

To gain access to the inside of the chimney, you need to find knockout bricks. Usually they are stacked with some offset from the rest by a few millimeters. After that, they are all knocked out with a hammer or mallet, you can use a chisel to clean the solution around them. Then, using a flashlight, carefully inspect the pipeline and find the place of clogging. With the help of a pole or other long object, they clean it and remove the stuck brick. It is done. The pipe has been cleaned. Finally, the knockout bricks must be laid in place using the appropriate masonry mortar.

Shedding brick

Brick chimney repair tools: 1. Level; 2. A means of measuring length - tape measure, folding rule; 3. Trowel for laying bricks; 4. Rubber mallet; 5. Circular saw, angle grinder for cutting; 6. Hammer-pick; 7. Plastic containers for mortar (buckets).

Repair of a brick chimney may be needed, and when the mortar begins to crumble and crumble during drying. In this case, the repair of a brick chimney should be carried out immediately. Otherwise, moisture may enter the resulting cracks, and this pipe will be unsuitable for its intended use. Worse, it might just collapse. In order to carry out its repair, it will be necessary to repair the joints. This cannot be done without tools. To do this, you will need: a trowel, a trowel, mortar blades, a mallet, a chisel, a hammer, a cord, a worker, an embroidery, a hardener, gloves, a mortar, a ladder and a dye.

First of all, you need to remove the old solution. It is important that the pipe is cleaned a few centimeters deep. This is of great importance, since in this case the new solution will lie more evenly and densely. The next stage is the preparation of a special solution for application to the joints.

Mortar preparation and pipe painting

It should be remembered that the masonry mortar begins to harden quite quickly, so it is not worth preparing it for future use.

Repairing a brick chimney will require the preparation of a mortar. It must be done in accordance with the instructions. Of great importance is the ratio of water and powder. Some experts recommend adding a hardener to it along with a dye to give it a natural shade characteristic of brickwork. After that, the finished solution rises to the roof. For this, creativity is used. The solution is poured into a trowel and placed opposite the pipe. With the help of a trowel, it is applied to the joints, while it is important to fill all voids and cracks.

The solution is applied in 2 layers. Almost immediately after applying the first, when it begins to harden and set, the second is quickly applied. The seams are smoothed in two directions - horizontally and vertically. In this order, the entire brick pipe is processed. In conclusion, seams are formed with the help of stitching. If required, then you need to disassemble part of the old pipe. In difficult situations, when the pipe is completely unsuitable for needs, it is completely replaced. To do this, it is best to hire a team of specialists of at least two people. Any owner needs to remember that no matter what the brick is, over time, you still have to repair the brick chimney. For laying pipes, it is better not to use silicate brick, as it is short-lived and unstable to temperature changes.

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that any owner can take up the dismantling of a brick chimney. This requires certain skills and abilities. Repair of a brick chimney may be necessary when it is destroyed as a result of prolonged use, when its clearance is clogged with soot, soot, and fragments of bricks. A large amount of work will need to be done when shedding the old masonry mortar from the pipe.

This is a very serious problem, because with the formation of cracks, chips, harmful gases and substances can penetrate into the room, which will negatively affect the health of its residents. It must be remembered that the repair of chimneys must be carried out along the entire length of the chimney. If the furnace has been serving for decades, then its complete replacement is possible. For this, the old pipe is completely replaced with a new one.

The integrity of the chimney ensures the efficient operation of any heating unit and the safety of people in the same room. However, it is not only cracks or other physical damage to masonry that require repair. Soot clogging is a common reason why furnace and fireplace chimney repairs are carried out. It is from this that microscopic destruction begins, invisible at first. Also, the reason may be the use of materials with insufficient heat resistance.

Types of destruction

The technology of laying a brick oven requires the use of fireclay clay materials. Chimneys for her used to be built of brick, but now they are assembled from steel pipes. At the same time, the brick has a high degree of absorption of acids, which are contained in the combustion products. For this reason, its strength is lost over time, even if the stove or fireplace was operated correctly.

Steel chimneys are durable, but ultra-high temperatures lead to their destruction. Here it is very important to choose the right steel grade. The reliability of the pipe can be provided by steel, called acid-resistant. That is why it is not enough to choose a heat-resistant brand, for example, a simple stainless steel. One should choose one that resists the action of acids.

Most often, the destruction of the chimney of the stove and fireplace is associated with cracks in the brickwork or in one of the segments of the steel channel. Also, the reasons for the repair are the following factors:

  • incorrectly executed brickwork (mortar fell out of the seams and froze);
  • the formation of a large amount of condensate due to the connection of an existing chimney to modern heating equipment;
  • ignition of soot from sparks from the furnace furnace, which can lead to ignition, explosion, fire;
  • traction failure, insufficient traction, reverse traction associated with improper pipe installation.

It should be borne in mind that the repair of chimneys is carried out not after visible damage, but in the presence of the slightest reasons that can lead to them. It is undesirable to simply coat brick structures with fireclay clay composition. There are more efficient and technologically advanced ways to restore the integrity of the chimney pipes.

Repair methods

A brick fireplace chimney may need to be parsed in whole or in part. It is more expedient not only to replace the masonry, but also to exclude its destruction in the future. To do this, use the following pipe repair methods:

  • sleeve,
  • brickwork.

Repair of a steel chimney is carried out, as a rule, due to cracks in the walls of the pipe. It is important to notice them in time, so they are regularly inspected.. Repair of a metal pipe most often costs by replacing one sector. At the same time, it is important to control the integrity of the coupling joints and seals.

Gilzovanie

This type of repair means the reconstruction of a brick pipe with the simultaneous installation of an internal steel channel. Thus, a structure is obtained from 2 chimneys located one in the other. Gilzovanie allows you to leave the whole brick body, and inside to provide a new, smooth surface. The service life of acid-resistant steel is unmatched by other materials.

This design is also characterized by good tightness and low soot formation. Collect it in 2 ways:

  • build up in brickwork partially dismantled over the entire height;
  • they assemble the metal structure in advance on the street and install it in the chimney in finished form.

Mandatory conditions for reconstruction in this way: insulation between the inner brick and outer metal walls of the chimney. In addition, it is planned to install a condensate collector and revision.

brickwork

It is carried out with modern mixtures that can withstand acids and high temperatures of combustion products. Finely dispersed granite chips are the basis of such compositions. Cement and lime are added to them, then diluted with water. With a special device, the solution is sprayed onto the walls of the chimney cleaned of soot. After hardening, the mixture acquires high heat resistance, fire resistance, strength. This type of repair is suitable for whole brick surfaces as a prevention of damage, sealing cracks.

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