Do-it-yourself relay automatic gate diagram. Do-it-yourself installation of a drive for sliding gates. The choice of automation for swing gates

The main convenience of automatic swing gates is that you can close or open them using the remote control. Everyone today wants to make their life as comfortable as possible. That is why the owners of private houses or their own garages are increasingly finding automation for you to mount it quite quickly, while getting an excellent result.

System Features

It is worth understanding how the whole system works. Automation of the gate is possible by means of a drive, which is mounted directly on the gate. A gate automation kit is not difficult to mount with your own hands. The installation process is not that easy. Here it is required to follow a clear sequence of actions in combination with accuracy and qualification at each stage of work. When installing the drive, there are several features. It is necessary to take into account the sash in relation to the height of the pillars. If the installed automation does not imply the presence of limit switches, then it is required to install leaf stops. If you miss such an important nuance, you can get a completely unexpected result. The electric motor will fail, and the functioning of the entire structure can hardly be called normal.

Equipment

Many elements contain such a complex as automation for swing gates. It will be possible to mount it with your own hands only if all the components are present. For the correct and high-quality installation of the gate, you need to understand this and have minimal experience in solving such issues. The automation kit contains: 1 2 drives, 1 set of photocells, a small beacon and a remote control. The advantages of this type of mechanism include a long service life and exceptional strength. in operation, and the gate opens at a speed of up to 15 seconds. Among the shortcomings, one can single out such a moment as the presence of at least one obstacle in the path of the gate, because of which the drive may well fail, and this leads to jamming. There should not be any obstacles in front of the opening. Only in this case, it can be expected that do-it-yourself automation for swing gates will function for a long time without failing. Carrying out preventive measures will prevent equipment failures. All parts that require it must be periodically lubricated with special substances. When automation fails, it is strictly forbidden to exert physical effort if necessary to open the gate, there is only one solution - to call the master.

homemade drive

As you could already understand, with a great desire, do-it-yourself automation for swing gates is no longer such an unrealistic idea. This is a pretty good way to save your own money. If you have not only practical interest in this case, but you are interested in the realization of the idea itself, then this case is just for you. And it's quite an exciting process.

Required Items

The mechanism of a satellite dish is used as the main element of such a drive. Its set of equipment includes a worm gear that replaces the electric drive. The basis of the satellite television system consists of a rotary action mechanism. This is an engine that can be used to install automation. The worm gear works on a principle similar to that of an electric drive. This option is more profitable in comparison with store drives, since it requires a voltage of 36 volts for its operation, and for store drives it requires a regular network of 220 volts. For assembly, you need to get two working drives from satellite dishes. It is worth choosing models with the longest stem. You will also need a remote control and a transformer, its power should be 36-40 watts. The remote control is used to open the structure and close it. It should work at a distance of about 50 meters. In addition, it would not hurt to stock up on two key fobs sold in stores that sell goods needed in the field of security.

6 hours will be enough to collect the drive. In order for the gate automation to work efficiently with your own hands, you need to equip it with a current relay. Without it, the motor may overheat and break down. And with its help, you can easily make a drive for the gate with the most minimal cash investment. If you like the finished assembly more, then you can save on installation.

Mounting process

When installing an electric drive for swing gates, it is necessary to take into account the direction of opening of the gate leaves: outward or inward. So, if you are interested in how do-it-yourself gate automation is installed, then here you need to list the necessary tools for these purposes. You will need: drill, hammer, pliers, building meter, screwdriver, electrical tape. In automatic gates, unlike conventional ones, there is an electric drive. Therefore, before installing it, you need to decide which option to choose.

Types of electric drives

Electric drives can be linear or lever. To accurately determine the choice, you need to know the distance between the loop and the inside of the post. For distances up to 1.5 cm, a linear drive is required. Its cost is noticeably lower than that of the lever. If the measured distance is 1.5-3 cm, then it is appropriate to install a lever type drive. It is as reliable as linear.

The gate assumes that it is required to install not only the drive, but also a set of equipment. It is important to determine the width of the sash, as well as possible wind vibrations. Many people are afraid to install all this equipment on their own, as they do not have the necessary experience and knowledge. But here it is important to remember the need for attention to detail, then there will be no problems with the installation.

How it's done?

It is important to check that the leaf movement is easy when the drive is started. If something interferes with this, then it is necessary to find the cause and eliminate it, since the movement of the electric drive must be level. Otherwise, it is possible that the post may tilt, the angle of movement will shift, and this has a bad effect on the automation of the entire structure. After fixing various problems, you can proceed to the process of installing automation. It is important to follow the instructions as accurately as possible so that the operation of the system is as long as possible.

Regular circuit

Do-it-yourself automation for swing gates is installed on products that open inwards, while it is appropriate to use any electric drive. When using steel poles as a base, it is appropriate to install a linear drive. It is compact and reliable, and its cost is relatively low. You can also use a lever drive, but it is much more expensive. A difficult option in the presence of brick columns and finding the gate right in the middle. In this case, the linear drive is not suitable.

Lever-type automation is mounted on a pole, while the gates are opened by levers, while they must be at a distance of no more than 200 mm from the poles.

Gates open out

In this case, two types of devices are available for use, however, an automatic garage door with a linear mechanism will be the right choice. This is a cheaper and better solution. Automation is mounted in the opening, and occupies no more than 150 mm on both sides. On narrow gates, the system is attached at the top. The actuator is usually mounted directly on the pole. Do-it-yourself automation for swing gates is installed so that the hydraulic drive allows you to open them outward. Next, the fastener bracket is welded to the structure. When opening a gate with a linear drive, there must be 1 cm of free play. After that, you can check the correct movement of the leaves and the movement of the electric drives. The next step is to install the stops for opening and closing, and then attach the motors. At the end, you need to equip the jumpers, connect to the consoles, and also turn on the mechanism. If one leaf is to move in a different direction, then the wires on the motor must be reversed.

Final work

After that, do-it-yourself automation for swing gates must be equipped with limit switches. If you have not provided for the use of such elements, then you need to set the operating time of the sash on the board, as well as the opening and closing force. You should not set the maximum force, as this reduces the device. It is recommended to set the minimum force so that the door opens normally outward.

Problems and bugs

Quite often there are cases when people mount everything with their own hands, but do not cope with this task due to insufficient experience. This leads to a lot of errors, due to which the automation refuses to work, and the drive completely fails. Everything should be connected in stages, since this is what will correct any problems in case of mistakes. Otherwise, it will be very problematic to establish the cause of the breakdown. Proper and accurate installation, together with the high quality of the electric drive, allows the gate to function as long and correctly as possible. Even if you use automation for sliding gates, you will quickly be able to assess how convenient it has become for you to drive in. This is especially noticeable in winter, when you do not want to leave the warm interior of your car to open the cold gate.

To protect the entrance area in the territory for various purposes, sliding gates can be used, which operate using special automation. In this case, there are also certain installation features. Automation for retractable is installed in stages. First you need to weld a steel cantilever pipe to their structure from below. During the operation of the entire structure, it moves along roller carts installed on a specially organized foundation. Came gate automation has proven itself well. In the closed position, the lower corner of the gate is rolled up by the end roller into the trap. During the opening of the web, this movement helps to prevent lateral vibrations of the device.

Automation for sliding gates should be mounted taking into account certain points:

The installation of such structures begins with the arrangement of an independent foundation, as well as the base located in the opening and to the side of it, in the direction of opening the entire structure;

The gate fastenings and their frame itself must be characterized by a high degree of resistance to winds;

It requires the installation of a special holding part, through which it is possible to increase the width of the leaf structure in the direction in which the gate opens;

It must be provided with effective protection against hacking, as well as a special type of protection against various adverse factors.

findings

Now you know how do-it-yourself swing gate automation is mounted. If you have a strong desire, you must strictly follow the instructions in order to get the desired result. It is important to note that automation for sectional doors is installed according to a similar principle. Therefore, you should not have any difficulties with the installation process.

You will learn about assembling an electrical control circuit with your own hands. We will tell you how to connect different types of motors and assemble starting equipment, as well as reveal the secrets of soft start and stop of automatic sliding gates.

Depending on the selected motor type, you can use different connection methods. Not only the electrical connection diagram will differ, but also the permissible current parameters.

Attention! When working with the electrical part, do not forget about the precautions: weld a bolt to the stationary frame, which will be used to connect to the ground loop.

Motor connection

A three-phase motor for a rated voltage of 380/220 V must have a star connection when connected to a three-phase power supply. You can change the direction of rotation by swapping the connection of any two of the three phases.

If you are trying to connect a three-phase motor to a single-phase network, give preference to the capacitive method. In this case, use a starting capacitor with a deliberately overestimated capacity (2-3 times) and add a pair of compensating capacitors for the two remaining windings to the working assembly, or provide for switching off the starting capacitor using a time relay. The capacity of the working capacitor is selected at the rate of 70-80 microfarads per 1 kW of power, and the nominal value is 450 V.

A single-phase capacitor motor has four wires in the assembly, that is, two ends of the starting and working windings. The standard marking of the terminal block leads is as follows:

Terminals U1 and U2 (or B1 and B2) are the main winding.
Terminals W2 and V2 (or C1 and C2) - starting winding.
Terminals V2 and V1 are the starting capacitor.

The connection of the starting winding remains constant, while the polarity of the supply of the working winding can be reversed to change the direction of rotation.

Note: the polarity is determined by the position of the jumpers on the motor terminal strip, which will be closed remotely via a contactor.

Launch equipment

To assemble the electrical circuit, you will need two IEK KMI 1121 magnetic starters with a coil supply voltage of 230 V, or one PML 2561 reversing starter (the advantage of the latter is the presence of a mechanical interlock). There should be three main contacts.

It is also necessary to have an auxiliary contact block, which includes one normally open and one normally closed contact. Additionally, you will need a push-button case IEK KP103 with three buttons "Start", "Reverse" and "Stop". To install the post from the street side, it is recommended to complete it with buttons with a turnkey lock. All switching electrical equipment must be mounted in a metal box with IP54 protection and wire glands.

Connect the input contacts of two starters in parallel, supplying them with phase and zero from the 220 V network through a circuit breaker. On the reverse side of the starters, connect the two power wires of the starting winding.

On the example of the AIRE 80 motor, power must be applied to terminals V1 and W2. Please note that the polarity remains the same regardless of which starter is turned on. Conclusions U1 and U2 belong to the ends of the working winding and must be connected to two starters in a different sequence.

Power to the coils of each starter must be supplied through its own normally open and normally closed contacts of the second starter. This will provide self-pickup and hold the coil in the on state, as well as provide an electrical blocking of the oncoming start.

Pushbutton posts and limit switches

The drive is controlled by one or more push-button posts. The phase wire is passed through the normally closed contacts of the "Stop" buttons, which are connected in series, which is necessary for the possibility of breaking the coil holding circuit from any button.

Next, power is supplied to the normally closed contacts of the "Start" and "Reverse" buttons, then power is supplied from the terminals of each button to the normally open pair of the opposite one. These contacts control the activation of the coils of the respective starters. Cross connection via break contacts is necessary to avoid unintentional switching of the starters.

In order for the drive to turn itself off in a timely manner when the gate reaches the extreme opening and closing points, the electrical circuit must be supplemented with limit switches. Suitable switches VPK-2112 or ME 8104 with one normally closed contact. It is recommended to use products equipped with a roller.

The limit switches must be firmly fixed on the stationary door frame in such a way that the roller is 1-2 mm from any longitudinal element of the door. It can be a carrier frame or a rail guide, the main thing is that the side surface is absolutely flat. The gate must be placed first in the open, then in the closed position and mark the points of contact with the rollers.

Note! Since massive gates continue to move by inertia, it is recommended to move the marks a few centimeters in the opposite direction so that the limit switch operates with a little lead.

According to the applied marks, it is necessary to weld small protrusions, the height of which will be sufficient for the sure operation of the switch. It is also important that the mark is long enough to hold the roller, and not slip through it, briefly turning on the limit switch. The switch must be in the trip position until it starts moving in the opposite direction, when it leaves the mark and closes the circuit again.

The electrical connection of the limit switches can be done in two ways.

Wiring diagram for pushbutton posts and limit switches

Method number 1. Normally closed contacts are connected in series and included in the holding circuit of the contactor coils. The switching point is located between the series-connected "Stop" buttons and the normally open contacts of the starters. The disadvantage of this method is that when the gate is turned on, it takes a certain time to keep the button pressed until the switch leaves the triggered position.

Method number 2. It implies the independent inclusion of limit switches in the coil holding circuits of each starter. The normally closed contact of the switch is located in the scheme between the normally open auxiliary contact of the starter and the coil terminal. It is also allowed to put the switch in the electrical interlock circuit: between the coil of one and the normally closed contact of the second starter. Thus, the switches operate independently of each other, which means that no time delay is required when the drive is turned on.

Gate control via frequency converter

Since frequency converters have recently become more affordable and popular, it is appropriate to use them to control the gate drive, especially since there is more than one reason for this:

Because the frequency converter supplies three-phase voltage to the drive, you save money by purchasing a more common, smaller motor.
The engine speed is irrelevant.
Difficulties with connecting a three-phase motor are excluded.
You avoid problems with starting the drive under load.
The converter smoothly but quickly accelerates and stops the gate, opening occurs in a matter of seconds.
No need to buy and install a gearbox.
No starters needed, simple wiring diagram.
Significantly increases the service life of the engine.

The average cost of a device with an output power of 2-2.5 kW is $250-300, so its purchase is fully justified, given the refusal to purchase a gearbox and starters.

The CFM-240 frequency converter is a budget version of the device, it also has the most common connection and control scheme. Following his example, you can easily deal with similar devices.

Connecting the frequency converter

Terminals L and N are used to supply, respectively, phase and zero from the 220 V network, it is important to observe the polarity here. Terminals U, V and W provide the output voltage for powering a three-phase asynchronous motor for voltage 380/220 V, the windings of which are connected in a delta. Control occurs by closing one of the control contacts DI1-DI3 to a common GND terminal. Accordingly, when DI1 and GND are connected, the motor starts, DI2 and GND will start the drive in the opposite direction, and DI3 and GND will stop it.

Frequency converter setting principle

The inverter is configured by changing the values of each of the 70 parameters. A complete description of the functions and set values is given in the device data sheet. To adjust the values, enter the parameter selection menu by pressing the "Mode" button until the display shows P---. Then you need to press "enter" and use the "up" and "down" arrows to select the number of the desired parameter, press "enter" again, set the desired value and press "enter" again to save.

Using a frequency converter gives you some additional options. For example, you can use the positioning function by transmitting data from a gate position sensor to the inverter. This will allow you to use the device in stepper motor mode. He will smoothly accelerate the gate and gently stop them at the extreme point, remembering both extreme positions of the leaf. This is a more convenient and advanced replacement for the limit switch system. It is only required to install a counter of the "quadrature encoder" type on the drive shaft.

The meter has two power wires that are connected to the +12V and GND terminals, as well as two signal wires that are connected to the DI5 and DI6 terminals. The positioning function is enabled by assigning a value of "2" to parameter 60. Next, a value of "1" to parameter 61 must be set to set the desired sensor type. Then, by changing the values of parameters 62 and 63, determine the relationship between the number of pulses and the distance traveled.

For example, the motor shaft can move the gate by 25 cm per revolution, and the encoder mounted on the shaft produces 200 pulses per revolution. This means that for every 1000 mm set in parameter 62 there will be 800 encoder pulses set in parameter 63.

Parameter 66 defines the type of braking and should be set to "1". Parameter 67 determines the engine speed to which the maximum operating speed will be reduced, and the value of parameter 68 determines the required braking distance. After setting these parameters, you can go to the main menu and specify the distance that the gate must travel, in millimeters. After the task is completed, the counter will reset to zero and will be ready for a new cycle, counting is carried out in both directions.

The rated speed of the motor is set by the value of the output frequency (Hz) in the main menu of the program. You can change it in real time and increase it as long as the transfer mechanism keeps stable. Also remember that too much acceleration will prevent the inverter from effectively decelerating at the end of the path. The time for the drive to accelerate to maximum speed is given by the value in seconds of parameter 10.

Setting the gate braking with a frequency converter

Doors that are too massive need to be braked by the drive. To do this, the frequency converter has a function enabled by parameter 21. The amount of braking force and the time it takes to come to a complete stop are set in parameters 27 and 28 respectively. When braking by the drive, load compensation must be used. To do this, power resistors with a resistance of at least 70 ohms and a power of over 350 W must be connected to the power terminals Br (they can also be replaced with a bunch of 4-5 incandescent lamps connected in series).

Now you have several options for connecting the engine and you can choose the method that suits your needs. Each connection method can have a remote control scheme, which we will discuss in the next article.

It is not easy to build automatic gates yourself. Certain skills and knowledge are required. However, if you responsibly approach the work with your own hands, then the task is doable.

Automatic gate device

These gates are in increasing demand every day. Structures can be divided into 3 main groups:

retractable automatic structures;
hinged design with automation;
automatic structures for garages.

Each type of gate has its own characteristics.

Sliding automatic structures are gates that are familiar to many and are used quite often.

Swing gates require free space on the side

It's all about cheapness and a simple device. The disadvantage is the need for free space for opening in the side parts.

The frame is most often made of a rigid metal profile. Next, the structure will need to be sheathed. Sheathing can be made of wood or metal. Another option is to use forged carved gratings for sheathing gates.

The design consists of the following elements:

gate leaves;
fixing supports;
a set of loops;
bolt;
one or more drives;
opening handles;
elements for side stop;
center stop;
brackets for fixing the electric drive to the supports and sashes.

Mandatory design details are lateral and central stops. These are limiters that will not allow the valves to go beyond certain limits. Stops can be fixed or removable.

Mandatory details of the design also include handles and a deadbolt.

Elements needed in case of power outage

In the event of an electrical problem, the gate can only be locked and unlocked manually. The actuator comes with these parts. It is undesirable to purchase separately, as the elements may not be compatible with each other.

According to the device, automation can be divided into:

a drive that performs the operations of opening and closing the valves with fixing the required position;
automation that controls the operation of the main parts of the drive mechanism.

All moving parts must move freely along the guides. The owner must periodically control them. It is important to regularly clean and lubricate the moving parts of the structure. If the leaves are difficult to move, then there may be an increase in the load on the drive and the electric motor. In this case, mechanical failures may occur.

Retractable design

The drive consists of the following elements:

Each type of gate requires an individual drive that can provide a certain type of device movement over the required distances.

Swing construction

According to the principle of operation, they are divided into:

Lever. Consist of a set of blocks with levers.
Lever drive gate
Linear. Fixed at one point. The moving bracket moves in a straight line inside the case. The most commonly used is turning a screw through a nut, gears with a chain or belts.
Linear drive for automatic gates
Hydraulic. They are used for heavy structures, the weight of the leaves of which is 950 kg or more. The required leaf width is from 4.5 m. The elements will be subjected to intensive use.
Hydraulic drive is necessary for structures that are subjected to heavy loads
Telescopic. The elements are divided into sections. The design consists of internal sliders that allow the sections to move apart to move the end holder.
Telescopic drive for automatic gates

The drive must be firmly fixed to the base. Distortions and gaps during the operation of mechanisms are not allowed, therefore, the deepening of the base under the gate and automatic devices should be greater than the level of ground freezing in winter. Only in this way can the high-quality functioning of the gate be guaranteed.

In order for the automatic control of the functioning of the leaves to take place reliably, all devices must be debugged and checked manually. These works are carried out at the final stage of construction work. Automatic mechanisms can work:

Remotely. Based on the transmission of commands via radio waves from the remote control to the receiving device, which controls the operation of the electric motor and other parts.
From a stationary remote control, which is located on the wall of a private house.
From a combination of the first two options.

Remote control is based on the same principles as for a permanently mounted remote control with ordinary on and off buttons for a simple electric motor. The difference is that in this case it is possible to solve auxiliary technical problems.

The principle of operation of automation

First of all, the method of operation of automation from the remote control will be considered. In this case, a slight addition to the previous scheme is used. It consists in connecting in parallel with the control keys of the electronic key. It works from the signals of the receiving device, which receives commands via radio waves from the transmitter in the form of a remote control. The devices are presented in a wide range and may have different functionality and appearance, but the principle of operation remains the same.

The placement of control sensors and power mechanism components will depend on the design of the gate and the conditions of the region. For example, you can implement automatic sliding gates according to the following scheme:

You can implement automation in swing gates according to this scheme

Photocells will control the quality of the work surface. To do this, they will need to be mounted on posts fixing racks, walls and supports. After that, they need to be configured so that they can clearly cover the entry zones, control the doors to reach the extreme positions and exclude them from hitting people, cars or animals that may suddenly appear.

The drive of each of the leaves must be installed on the supporting parts.

The drive must be placed on the inside of the yard

The key to disable the structure is located on the inside of the wall near the gate.

A signaling lamp is needed to illuminate the roadway.

A signal lamp is needed to notify the opening of the gate

The device for receiving signals from the transmitter, which is located in the control unit, together with a separate drive, is fixed to the rack support. Near it, you should place a closed terminal box with wires that connect the system components to a fixed console and an input shield with a protective coating.

Electrical wiring must be hidden in special channels and protected from unforeseen damage. The command transmitter, which is built into the console, can be controlled by pressing the keys on the case.

You can control the gate with the remote control

As a result, the transmitter will broadcast encrypted radio signals of the set frequency through the antenna, which can only be perceived by the receiving device inserted into the main control unit.

After processing, the received commands are sent to the key and executed. Then the circuit will work in the same way as in the case of a fixed control unit.

For the convenience of working with the remote control, it is recommended to pre-configure the device for various algorithms. For example, you can open or close the gate leaves by single or double pressing on the control button. To do this, the receiving device and transmitter will need to be turned on and programmed according to a certain algorithm for pressing buttons on a configured mechanism. Electronics will remember this sequence of actions and will follow it in the future.

The system can be integrated with the ability to disable the operation of the automatic mechanism so that the gate is operated only manually. A manual lock and lock key must be used to complete the task. Parts must be placed in a place convenient for operation, but inaccessible to unauthorized persons.

If it is planned to manufacture automatic sliding gates, then the locations of the drive and automation devices are somewhat different, but the principle of operation remains unchanged. It will only be necessary to take into account the conditions of the design, the region and the requests of the owner of a private house. For a sliding sash, you only need to place 2 safety photocells. The stop of the drive can be provided by end mechanical devices for switching off.

All automation schemes provide a system for repeating specified processes. It allows redundant protection functions. For example, in the event of a failure of the limit switch to suspend the leaves, the motor overload protection should work. As a result, the drive will stop working. This prevents damage to the entire system.

Preparation for construction: drawings and diagrams

Installation of automatic gates should begin with drawing up a drawing. Using a pencil on a sheet of paper, draw a diagram of the gate, taking into account the dimensions. It is desirable to indicate the main dimensions of the parts on the diagram.

The dimensions of the automatic design must be specified as accurately as possible. During the calculation, the following requirements must be observed:

when a vehicle enters the garage, at least 30 cm must remain on each side;
the higher this indicator, the easier it will be to enter the territory of the site;
the width must be determined taking into account the type of vehicle.

For an ordinary passenger car, a width of 2.5 m and a height of 2 m are enough. For a minibus, the height should be about 2.5 m.

From the standard swing design, the automatic one differs only in the presence of a drive. At this stage, you should decide on the type of device - lever or linear will be installed. If you plan to install sliding gates, then the drive with levers is most often used. Linear is set if there is a minimum distance from the extreme part of the support to the loop. If there is a gap of more than 15 cm, then it is advisable to use a lever device.

Automation installation diagram indicating the number of cable cores and their cross sections

Sliding gates will be affected by the wind load, so it is important to take care of protecting the devices in advance.

If you plan to install automatic garage doors, then the ceiling level must be lowered by 25 cm. This should be taken into account, since installation will require space under the ceiling structure.

The scheme of the retractable automatic design is practically no different.

The layout of the elements of automatic sliding gates

In this case, only one electric motor will be needed.

Having decided to carry out the installation of automation, the owner of a private house assumes that it will serve for decades. A high-quality set can function for many decades, but low-quality components can become an unnecessary “headache”. To make the right choice, you should consider the following recommendations:

Manufacturer selection

Today, in construction supermarkets, you can find automation from Chinese and European factories. Chinese devices are aimed at a significant reduction in cost at the expense of quality, but there are exceptions. Well-known Chinese companies offer high-quality products for the automation of various types of gates.

From European manufacturers, Italian and German fittings should be preferred, but the latter is more expensive. Regardless of which manufacturer is chosen, you should not buy cheap parts that no one has heard of. Automatic mechanisms are purchased for a long time, so you should not save on it.

Gate drive selection

The best option can be recommended by an automation installation specialist, but you need to understand this issue yourself. As mentioned earlier, the drive can be worm or lever. The choice must first of all be made based on preferences for the appearance of the product. You should also consider in which direction the structure will open - into the yard or the roadway.

The worm drive is easy to install, easy to maintain and has a long service life. This type of mechanism can be installed on gates that open both inside and outside the building. If the structure opens outward, then there are limitations: the gate opening will decrease by approximately 30 cm. This is due to the installation features. If there is no free space, then such a drive is not suitable.

With the help of a drive with levers, gates opening into the territory are automated.

The lever drive can only open the gate inward

The lever mechanism is more perfect in terms of manufacturability. The disadvantage is the high cost.

Accordingly, if the gate will open inside the territory, then you can choose a drive of any type. If outward, then only a worm gear is allowed.

Drive power selection

In the process of choosing automatic mechanisms, the weight of the wings must be taken into account. The technical documentation indicates how much the device is designed for. It is recommended to mount an electric drive that is designed for more weight. The recommended power margin is 30%. If the device is operated at its power limit, the drive will overheat. This will lead to the failure of the mechanism earlier than the period declared by the manufacturer.

Wind load should also be taken into account. If the gate consists of a single leaf, then the drive will have to overcome the effect of the wind. Accordingly, a more powerful design is required.

Another problem is climate change in cold weather. In summer, the design can easily open a gate weighing 250 kg, but in winter, difficulties may arise, since the drive will operate in labor-intensive conditions. Be sure to take into account that in some regions during this period the voltage of the mains drops. Drives without a power reserve may not start in this case.

Availability of additional functions

Manufacturers produce a wide range of accessories. Be sure to purchase photocells that help stop the process of closing the gate if obstacles appear in the coverage area:

It is also recommended to purchase an antenna that can increase the range of the remote control. Signal lamps can warn others that the gate is open. This function will be needed if the exit goes to the sidewalk on which people walk.

The choice of additional options depends on the operating conditions of the door.

It is also important to take into account the technical parameters that are used to classify automatic mechanisms:

Torque (Nm) - the basic parameter of automation for a lever swing structure. This characteristic is not used for worm automatics. Torque can show how much weight the design can open the actuator. The higher the indicator, the more the weight of the valves can open the automatic mechanism. For doors weighing up to 800 kg, the optimum torque is 3000 Nm.
Intensity (%) - a parameter that shows the maximum intensity of the use of the electric motor. The intensity is the ratio of the period of operation of the device to the total time. For example, if the parameter is 30%, then the structure can work 30% of the time, while the break in work will be 70% of the time. Usually this value is sufficient for gates with standard parameters.
Traction force (N) - the parameter will show with what force the mechanism presses on the leaves. The larger the characteristic, the more powerful the drive. The optimal value for a 6 m gate is 400 N.

The parameter of the maximum weight of the sash should not be taken into account. The choice must be made on the basis of tractive effort and torque.

Calculation of materials and list of tools

The minimum set of automation includes the following elements:

rack;
limit switches;
electric drive.

photocells;
warning lamp;
remote antenna.

Laying a cable with a voltage of 220 V on the territory of a private house underground can be performed without additional protection of the wire from damage. Under the passage of the car, additional cable protection must be used. In this place, the wire must be laid in a case. The structure can be built from a metal or plastic pipe. The depth of the wire laying is 0.8–1.2 m.

Underground cable laying is best done in technical HDPE pipes

Such pipes cost 2 times lower than standard ones, since they cannot withstand the same pressure that ordinary water pipes can withstand. For laying the electrical cable, pipes with a thickness of 3 mm will suffice.

To bend pipes at an angle, fittings, reducers and flanges are needed.

Cable laying underground and connecting pipes with fittings

It is important to know the typology of wires and their minimum cross section:

The antenna is connected using a RG58 coaxial wire with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.

If you plan to install an additional intercom near the gate, then from the private house to the structure you need to lay 2 two-wire wires 2x0.5 mm² or 2x0.75 mm².

Sliding gate materials

For the installation of an automatic sliding structure, you must also prepare the following elements:

bicycle carriages;
Bicycle carriages can be used in automatic gates
flaps;
top support rollers;
Top rollers for gates
guide bar;
rolling rollers;
roller for gates
several traps;
Gate catcher
jack;
coating material (profiled or iron sheets, polycarbonate or wood);
channel;
brick.

You also need to prepare an unused washing machine, some elements will be needed for automation.

Sliding Gate Materials

For automatic gates of this type, it is necessary to prepare the following elements:

reinforced hinges with bearings;
handles;
central and side stops;
valve;
washing machine;
coating material;
profile pipes;
bicycle carriages.

Unlike the retractable design, in this case you will need 2 electric motors.

To build a sliding or sliding gate drive, you will need to prepare several carriages with asterisks.

Geared motors of various types can be used as motion activators. If you plan to install small gates with low weight, then a battery-powered screwdriver electric motor, a drive for a car glass cleaner or window lifter will do.

You will also need to resolve the issue with the clutch for the shafts of electric motors. To do this, determine the required torque. For example, the closing force of the flaps can be 13.5 kg. Each kg corresponds to 9.8 N. Accordingly, the traction force will be 132.3 N. This value must be divided by the diameter of the drive wheel.

You will need these tools:

electric drill;
insulating tape;
pliers;
meter;
a hammer;
soldering iron;
screwdriver.

Step-by-step guide to making gate automation

There are many options for making a drive with your own hands from various materials.

How to build a drive for sliding gates?

You can make a drive from two carriages. You will need to do the following:

The frame must be cut so that the vertical pipe that comes from the axis protrudes a few cm above the star.
On the one hand, it is necessary to dismantle the pedal, and on the other hand, remove the pedal and connecting rod.
There should be 2 sprockets. Their dimensions and tooth pitch should be the same, since the drive will use a single chain.
The carriages must be welded to the top of the frame. Stars that are placed at the corners should be placed parallel to each other.
The connecting rods should be positioned a short distance from the frame.
The rods that connect the connecting rods with the gate are recommended to be selected in accordance with the dimensions of the stars.
When the stars move, the bar that connects the sashes to the connecting rods will move the canvas.
It is problematic to choose the exact length of the rod, as there are various models of bicycles. Suitable design with a diameter of M-8. The bar can be made from a metal strip.
The chain must be crossed over the stars. As a result, they should scroll in different directions. The design is made of several chains from a bicycle. They will need to be fastened to each other.
It is important to tighten the chain well. However, this will not solve the problem that it may sag or come off. This can only be fixed by welding a few steel strips to the frame to support the chain. Details will be used as guides. Another option is to fix the large width rollers along which the chain will move.

Homemade drive for gates from a bicycle frame assembly

The chain is mounted exclusively on closed gates. After that, a design check should be performed. To do this, you need to push out one sash. The second will have to move symmetrically to the first. If overlap is obtained, then the chain should be moved one tooth.

How to make a sliding gate drive?

The lightweight sash can be driven by a drive from a modernized power window mechanism. The advantages of the method include ease of manufacture and operation with virtually no noise. The following power windows can be used as a drive:

a drive that functions with a gear;
a design in which a rack with teeth is used as a moving element.

In each case, the drive part must be installed on an iron platform, which is securely attached to the pole. The metal bar should move parallel to the base of the gate and extend towards it.

The power window mechanism needs to be improved:

Automation for sliding and sliding gates

The next step is to mount the motor for the sliding gate.

After manufacturing the drive, you will need to install the automation for the gate

To open the gate, you need to push one leaf or pull the chain towards you. To automate the design, you can install an electric motor and connect it to the gearboxes from the car wipers.

The electric motor will need to be connected to the gearboxes of the car wipers

An old battery can be used as a power source. Due to this device, automation will not depend on electricity. The disadvantage of the old battery is that it will open the doors slowly.

Another option is to use an electric motor from a washing machine. The average power of the device is 105–115 W, the scrolling speed is 1500 rpm. A screw jack for passenger vehicles can be used as a gearbox. The jack will need to be improved. To do this, behind the bevel gear, you need to install a pulley from the washing machine. In this way, you can turn the jack into a linear gearbox.

The jack must be welded parallel to the chain so that during movement the slider pulls the chain. Iron wire is used to fasten the parts together.

It is important to know: if the electricity is turned off, you will have to unwind the wire each time to open the gate.

To connect the electric motor to the pulley, you will need a belt from a washing machine. The motor speed will be reduced approximately 1:4, so the pulley diameter should be as small as possible.

To remotely control the gate, you will need to buy a single-channel 12 V car alarm and connect it.

You can connect the radio control using a car alarm according to this scheme

Automation for sliding gates consists of the same elements. The only difference is that you need 2 electric motors. They are located in the side parts of the gate. You will also need to install levers. You can make them from a profile pipe.

How to set up automation?

Each mechanism has its own characteristics. In order for the design to serve for a long time, you will need to correctly program the control apparatus. Different manufacturers have different settings, but the following settings are most often configured:

current sensitivity. The parameter is responsible for starting the protective device. If there is an obstacle, the gate stops.
Speed change. The speed of movement of the leaves can be changed by reducing or increasing the power of the electric motor. It is not recommended to set a fast tempo, as this can lead to equipment failure. To increase the speed, you can increase the voltage to 38 V.
Automatic closing. To implement this function, the design must provide for the presence of a timer. The part is best purchased in finished form.

Other functions can be implemented by adding appropriate details to the design diagram.

In order for these gates to serve for a long time, you need to adhere to the following tips for use:

Mechanisms need to be serviced from time to time. The process consists in lubricating moving parts. Only non-freezing grease may be used.
Periodically, the guides should be inspected and cleaned of debris. If ice forms, the canvas may jam.
Automation mechanisms are also subject to verification. Parts should be checked at least once a year. If any of the elements is out of order, it is recommended to entrust the repair to specialists.
You have to take care of the fabric. It has an anti-corrosion coating, but it is often damaged. It is recommended to clean the gate from dirt in a timely manner with water and soapy water. If any of the sections is bent or scratched, then it should be treated with special anti-corrosion agents or replaced.

It often happens that some of the hand-made parts are easier and cheaper to replace with others.

Video: do-it-yourself automatic gates

You need to start installing automation after adjusting the hinges and the position of the gate.

You can make automatic gates with your own hands, but you need at least minimal knowledge in connecting electrical appliances.

From this part of the guide tosliding gate installation you will learn about assembling an electrical control circuit with your own hands. We will tell you how to connect different types of motors and assemble starting equipment, as well as reveal the secrets of soft start and stop of automatic sliding gates.

Depending on the selected motor type, you can use different connection methods. Not only the electrical connection diagram will differ, but also the permissible current parameters.

Attention! When working with the electrical part, do not forget about the precautions: weld a bolt to the stationary frame, which will be used to connect to the ground loop.

Motor connection

If you are trying to connect a three-phase motor to a single-phase network, give preference to the capacitive method. In this case, use a starting capacitor with a deliberately overestimated capacity (2–3 times) and add a pair of compensating capacitors for the two remaining windings to the working assembly, or provide for switching off the starting capacitor using a time relay. The capacity of the working capacitor is selected at the rate of 70–80 microfarads per 1 kW of power, and the nominal value is 450 V.

A single-phase capacitor motor has four wires in the assembly, that is, two ends of the starting and working windings. The standard marking of the terminal block leads is as follows:

1. Terminals U1 and U2 (or B1 and B2) are the main winding.

2. Terminals W2 and V2 (or C1 and C2) - starting winding.

3. Terminals V2 and V1 - starting capacitor.

The connection of the starting winding remains constant, while the polarity of the supply of the working winding can be reversed to change the direction of rotation.

Note: the polarity is determined by the position of the jumpers on the motor terminal strip, which will be closed remotely via a contactor.

Launch equipment

Pushbutton posts and limit switches

Note! Since massive gates continue to move by inertia, it is recommended to move the marks a few centimeters in the opposite direction so that the limit switch operates with a little lead.

The electrical connection of the limit switches can be done in two ways.

Wiring diagram for pushbutton posts and limit switches

Gate control via frequency converter

Since frequency converters have recently become more affordable and popular, it is appropriate to use them to control the gate drive, especially since there is more than one reason for this:

1. Because the frequency converter supplies three-phase voltage to the drive, you save money by purchasing a more common, smaller motor.

2. The engine speed is irrelevant.

3. Difficulties with connecting a three-phase motor are excluded.

4. You avoid problems with starting the drive under load.

5. The converter smoothly but quickly accelerates and stops the gate, opening occurs in a matter of seconds.

6. No need to buy and install a gearbox.

7. No starters needed, simple wiring diagram.

8. Significantly increases the service life of the engine.

The average cost of a device with an output power of 2–2.5 kW is $250–300, so its purchase is fully justified, given the refusal to purchase a gearbox and starters.

The frequency converter CFM-240 is a budget version of the device, it also has the most common connection and control scheme. Following his example, you can easily deal with similar devices.

Connecting the frequency converter

Frequency converter setting principle

Setting the gate braking with a frequency converter

Doors that are too massive need to be braked by the drive. To do this, the frequency converter has a function enabled by parameter 21. The amount of braking force and the time it takes to come to a complete stop are set in parameters 27 and 28 respectively. When braking by the drive, load compensation must be used. To do this, power resistors with a resistance of at least 70 ohms and a power of more than 350 W must be connected to the power terminals Br (they can also be replaced with a bunch of 4–5 incandescent lamps connected in series).

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Video of the process of laying electrical wiring for sliding gates:

The first thing you don't need to do is to take thick wires - "old-school" electricians lay wires with a cross section of 2.5 mm2 or more, up to 6 mm2 of copper, including for photocells, a key button, and other weak currents. The only relatively thick wire that is needed for automatic sliding gates is the power cable, and that is not thicker than 1.5mm2.

The figure above shows typical terminal contacts on the gate automation control board, the maximum wire cross-section that can be clamped into them without additional tricks is 1.5 mm, however, it should be noted that some wires have to be twisted together and then clamped into the terminal. On photocells, these terminals are even smaller.
So, first consider the wiring diagram of the sliding auto gate.

At first glance, it doesn't make sense. It's all right - that's the way it should be. Let's try to figure it out if we want to save our money. The first thing to understand is that all the wires come to the electric drive in the diagram, it is indicated by a green rectangle. It is recommended to leave free ends 1-1.5 m each. It makes sense to place the drive immediately behind the roller carriage, the one closer to the opening. Thus, you will reduce the consumption of the gear rack and you will not have to go far from the opening to get to the drive if necessary.
So, we decided that all the wires go to the drive and exit in plastic corrugations from the drive installation site. In practice, this is implemented as shown in the photo below:

Consider the first cable coming from the drive - this is 220V power, it makes sense to make it a PVA cable 3x1.5. This wire goes from the drive to the outlet or machine. It is recommended to install a voltage stabilizer on the gate automation.
The second cable is from the drive to the signal lamp, on the diagram it is marked 2x0.75 (you can take 2x0.5 or even less, the amperage on the lamp is small). This cable goes from the drive to the top of the pole closest to the drive, if it is better to hide it in the pole. If there is a decorative "hat" on the top of the post, bring the wire to the front plane of the post directly under the "hat".
Next is the cabling of the photocells. It is this stage that causes the greatest difficulties, so we will dwell on it in more detail. The wiring for the photocells is best done with a "doorphone signal cable" 4x0.22. The aforementioned PVA 2x0.5 is also suitable, just do not forget that the photocell closest to the drive requires 4 wires, and the far one 2.
The first thing that causes difficulties is where to install the photocells. Photocells are installed at the ends of the poles, at the same height of 500-600mm from the ground. See photo:

The photocell closest to the drive (receiver, RX) requires a 4-wire wire - 2 wires for power, and 2 more control contacts. In the diagram, this wire is designated 4x0.35. It goes from the pole to the drive. Often they forget that they need 4-core cables and put 2-core cables, be careful. If possible, it is better to hide this cable in a pole, leaving a free end of 15-20 cm. If this is not possible, you need to strengthen the wire on the pole, since there are now enough fasteners for the wire. Often this wire is laid in the seams between the bricks, and then sealed with mortar.
The photocell on the pole farthest from the drive (TX) requires a 2-wire cable, in the diagram it is marked 2x0.35. It is better to make the wiring again with the same 4x0.22 signal wire, you can use 2 cores, or you can use all the cores by twisting them in pairs. The wire of this photocell passes under the opening, so make sure that it is reliably protected, because vehicles will pass from above.

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