Enlarged norms of water consumption and water disposal for various industries. Norm of water consumption and water disposal. The principle of rationing water consumption
(household and drinking needs).
The annual volume of water consumption for household and drinking needs of the enterprise Ukrainian State Center for the Operation of Specialized Cars (Ukrspetsvagon) is determined by the formula:
W xp \u003d W p + W d + W st + W pr + W m + W fri, m³ / year
5.3.1. Volume of water consumption for drinking needs of workers and employees.
The enterprise currently employs 1848 people, of which 992 are workers, 266 employees, 590 workers in workshops with heat release over 84 kJ.
The annual volume of water consumption for the drinking needs of workers and employees is determined by the formula:
W p = ∑q n n n N 0.001
W p \u003d ((25 972 + 45 590 + 15 266) 252 + 20 25 365)) 0.001 \u003d
14002.2 m³/year.
W bp p \u003d W p 0.015 \u003d 14002.2 0.015 \u003d 210.0 m³ / year.
Then, the volume of water disposal will be:
W in p \u003d 14002.2 - 210.0 \u003d 13792.2 m³ / year.
5.3.2. The volume of water consumption for shower installations.
The annual volume of water consumption for shower installations is determined by the formula:
W d = q n N k
W d \u003d 0.5 248 2 252 \u003d 62496.0 m³ / year.
The amount of irretrievable losses is 2.5%, i.e.
W bp d \u003d W d 0.025 \u003d 62496.0 0.025 \u003d 1562.4 m³ / year.
W water d \u003d 62496.0 - 1562.4 \u003d 60933.6 m³ / year.
5.3.3. The volume of water consumption for the needs of canteens.
In canteens, fresh water is used for cooking, washing and rinsing dishes. A washing machine is used for washing and rinsing dishes. The water consumption for the operation of the dishwasher is determined by the formula:
W st \u003d n t T
W st \u003d 0.38 5 252 \u003d 478.8 m³ / year.
Water consumption for cooking is determined by the formula:
W p \u003d q m T
W p \u003d 0.012 1460.0 252 \u003d 4415.0 m³ / year.
The total annual volume of water consumption for the needs of the canteen will be:
W st \u003d 478.8 + 4415.0 \u003d 4893.8 m³ / year.
The amount of irretrievable losses is 2%, i.e.
W bp st \u003d W st 0.02 \u003d 4893.8 0.02 \u003d 97.9 m³ / year.
The volume of water disposal will be:
W in st \u003d 4893.8 - 97.9 \u003d 4795.9 m³ / year.
5.3.4. The volume of water consumption for the laundry.
Laundry is used to wash industrial clothes.
The annual volume of water consumption of the laundry is determined by the formula:
W pr \u003d q n N
W pr \u003d 0.075 220 252 \u003d 4158.0 m³ / year.
The amount of irretrievable losses is 30%, i.e.
W bp pr \u003d W pr 0.3 \u003d 4158.0 0.3 \u003d 1247.4 m³ / year.
Then the volume of water discharge will be:
W in pr \u003d 4158.0 - 1247.4 \u003d 2910.6 m³ / year.
4.3.5. The volume of water consumption for first-aid posts.
In the first-aid posts, patients are received and medical procedures are performed. Medical posts are visited by 37,296 people per year (or 148 people per day).
The annual volume of water consumption of first-aid posts is determined by the formula:
W m \u003d 0.015 37296.0 \u003d 559.4 m³ / year.
The amount of irretrievable losses is 1.5%, i.e.
W bp m \u003d W m 0.015 \u003d 559.4 0.015 \u003d 8.4 m³ / year.
Then the volume of water discharge will be:
W in m = 559.4 - 8.4 = 551.0 m³ / year.
5.3.6. Watering the territory
The volume of water consumption for irrigation of the territory is calculated by the formula:
W pt \u003d ∑q i S i n 0.001
W pt \u003d (5 72000 + 0.5 27000) 50 0.001 \u003d 18675.0 m³ / year
The volume of irretrievable water consumption is equal to the volume of water consumption i.e.
W bw fri = 18675.0 m³/year
Thus, the total volume of water consumption for household and drinking needs of the Ukrainian State Center for the Operation of Specialized Cars (Ukrspetsvagon) will be:
W xp \u003d W p + W d + W st + W pr + W m + W pt
W xn \u003d 14002.2 + 62496.0 + 4893.8 + 4158.0 + 559.4 + 18675.0 \u003d
104784.4 m³/year.
The volume of irrevocable water consumption will be:
W bv xp \u003d 18675.0 m³ / year.
The amount of irretrievable losses will be:
W bp xp \u003d W bp p + W bp d + W bp st + W bp pr + W bp m
W bp xp \u003d 210.0 + 1562.4 + 97.9 + 1247.4 + 8.4 \u003d 3126.1 m³ / year.
From here, the volume of water disposal will be:
W in xn \u003d W in p + W in d + W in st + W in pr + W in m
W in xp \u003d 13792.2 + 60933.6 + 4795.9 + 2910.6 + 551.0 \u003d
82983.3 m³/year.
The data of the water management balance of the enterprise Ukrainian State Center for the Operation of Specialized Cars (Ukrspetsvagon) are summarized in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2.
Water management balance of the enterprise Ukrainian State Center for the Operation of Specialized Cars (Ukrspetsvagon).
| Water use | Annual volume (m³/year) | Daily volume (m³/day) |
| Water consumption | ||
| TOTAL: including: for technological needs for auxiliary needs for domestic and drinking needs | 334553,9 175921,3 53848,2 104784,4 | 1327,5 698,0 213,7 415,8 |
| Dead Losses | ||
| 14574,4 4895,0 6553,3 3126,1 | 57,8 19,4 26,0 12,4 | |
| Irrevocable water consumption | ||
| TOTAL: including: in technological processes in auxiliary processes for household and drinking water use | 86295,7 62072,7 5548,0 18675,0 | 342,4 246,3 22,0 74,1 |
| Drainage | ||
| TOTAL: including: from technological processes from auxiliary processes from household and drinking water use | 233683,8 108953,6 41746,9 82983,3 | 927,3 432,3 165,7 329,3 |
5.4. Calculation of specific balance norms of water consumption and water disposal.
5.4.1. The value of the specific balance rate of water consumption (N b. s) is determined by the formula:
N b. s = N b.tech + N b.vsp + N b.khp
where: N b.tech \u003d W those / Q s; N b.sp \u003d Wsp / Q s; N b.xp \u003d W xn / Q s.
Accepted for calculation: W tech = 175921.3 m³/year; Wsp \u003d 53848.2 m³ / year; W xp \u003d 104784.4 m³ / year; Q s = 190,000 thousand UAH.
N b.tech \u003d 175921.3 / 190000 \u003d 0.926 m³ / thousand. UAH;
N b.vsp \u003d 53848.2 / 190000 \u003d 0.283 m³ / thousand UAH;
N b.x \u003d 104784.4 / 190000 \u003d 0.551 m³ / thousand. hryvnia,
N b. s = 0.926 + 0.283 + 0.551 = 1.76 m³/ths. UAH
5.4.2. The value of the specific balance rate of circulating water (H about s) is determined by the formula:
N about s \u003d N about those + N about aux
where: H about vsp \u003d W about those / Q s; H about rev \u003d W about rev / Q s.
Accepted for calculation: W about those = 112670.0 m³ / year; W rev = 274176.0 m³ / year.
N about those \u003d 112670.0 / 190000 \u003d 0.593 m³ / thousand. UAH;
N about vsp = 274176.0 / 190000 = 1.443 m³ / thousand. UAH;
H about s \u003d 0.547 + 1.443 \u003d 2.036 m³ / thousand. UAH
5.4.3. The value of the specific balance rate of irreversible water consumption (Nbw s) is determined by the formula:
N bv s \u003d N bv those + N bv aux + N bv x
where: N bv those \u003d W bv those / Q s; N bv rev \u003d W bv rev / Q s; N bv x \u003d W bv xp / Q s.
Accepted for calculation: W bv those = 62072.7 m³ / year; W bw vsp = 5548.0 m³ / year;
W bv xp \u003d 18675.0 m³ / year;
N bv those \u003d 62072.7 / 190000 \u003d 0.327 m³ / thousand. UAH;
N bvvv = 5548.0 / 190000 = 0.029 m³ / thousand. UAH;
N bv xp \u003d 18675.0 / 190000 \u003d 0.098 m³ / thousand. UAH;
H bw s = 0.327 + 0.029 + 0.098 = 0.454 m³/thous. UAH
5.4.4. The value of the specific balance rate of deadweight losses (N bp s) is determined by the formula:
N bp s \u003d N bp those + N bp aux + N bp x
where: N bp tech = W bp tech / Q s ; N bp rev \u003d W bp rev / Q s; N bp x \u003d W bp xp / Q s.
Accepted for calculation: W bp tech = 4895.0 m³/year; W bp vsp \u003d 6553.3 m³ / year; W bp xp \u003d 3126.1 m³ / year.
N bp tech \u003d 4895.0 / 190000 \u003d 0.026 m³ / thousand. UAH;
N bp aux = 6553.3 / 190000 = 0.034 m³/thous. UAH;
N bp x \u003d 3126.1 / 190000 \u003d 0.016 m³ / thousand. hryvnia,
N bp s \u003d 0.026 + 0.034 + 0.016 \u003d 0.076 m³ / thousand UAH
5.4.5. The value of the specific balance rate of water disposal (N bw s) is determined by the formula:
H in s \u003d H in those + H in aux + H in x
where: H in those \u003d W in those / Q s; H in rev \u003d W in rev / Q s; H in x \u003d W in xn / Q s.
Accepted for calculation: W in those = 108953.6 m³/year; W in aux = 41746.9 m³/year; W in xp \u003d 82983.3 m³ / year.
H in those \u003d 108953.6 / 190000 \u003d 0.573 m³ / thousand. UAH;
H in aux \u003d 41746.9 / 190000 \u003d 0.220 m³ / thousand. UAH;
H in x \u003d 82983.3 / 190000 \u003d 0.437 m³ / thousand. hryvnia,
H in s \u003d 0.573 + 0.220 + 0.437 \u003d 1.23 m³ / thousand. UAH
The results of calculations of specific balance norms of water consumption, irretrievable water consumption, irretrievable losses and wastewater disposal are presented in tables 5.3; 5.4; and 5.5.
7. Calculation of water consumption and wastewater limits
For operational control over the amount of water consumed and discharged, water consumption and water disposal limits are set for enterprises.
Water consumption limits - this is the estimated amount of calculated water, determined taking into account their production program, water consumption standards, measures to reduce water consumption and the coefficient of uneven consumption.
The water consumption limit is calculated by the formula:
L \u003d K n N and.sv.s Q s - E + W pr,
The initial data for calculating the limits of water consumption and water disposal are as follows:
Q s = 190000 thousand UAH
N those \u003d 0.926 m³ / thousand m UAH
Nsp = 0.283 m³/thous. UAH
N b.c.p. = 0.551 m³/ths. UAH
The consumption limit for fresh drinking water will be:
L n \u003d 1 (0.926 + 0.283 + 0.551) 190000 \u003d 334.4 thousand m 3 / year.
The water discharge limit is calculated:
L in \u003d K n N in i.sv. s Q s - E in + W in pr,
H in those \u003d 0.573 m³ / thousand. UAH
H in aux = 0.220 m³/thous. UAH
N in b.c.p. = 0.437 m³/ths. UAH
N in b.pr. = 174.06 m³/ths. UAH
L in \u003d 1 (0.573 + 0.220 + 0.437) 190000 + 174.06 \u003d 407.76 thousand m 3 / year.
LIST OF USED LITERATURE
1. Methodology for rozrahunkiv petih balance norms of water supply and water supply at the enterprises of the outdoor transport of Ukraine. Kiev 1997.
2. Water Code of Ukraine. Kyiv, 1995
3. Rules for the use of public water supply and sanitation systems in cities and towns of Ukraine. Kyiv, 1994
4. Sewerage of populated areas and industrial enterprises. Designer's Handbook. M: Stroyizdat, 1987
5. Instructions for the regulation of water consumption at motor transport enterprises of the Ministry of Motor Transport of the Ukrainian SSR. RD 200 Ukrainian SSR 91-82
6. SNiP 2.04.02-84. Water supply. External networks and structures. Gosstroy of the USSR.- M.: Stroyizdat, 1984
7. SNiP 2.04.01-85. Internal plumbing and sewerage of buildings. Gosstroy of the USSR.- M .: CITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1985
8. SNiP 2.04.03-84. Sewerage. External networks and structures. Gosstroy of the USSR.- M .: CITP Gosstroy of the USSR, 1984
9. Steam boilers, vessels and steam pipelines (collection of official materials). "Technique", Kyiv, 1972
10. V.A. Vorobyov, A.G. Komar. Construction Materials. Publishing house of literature on construction. M.:, 1971
11. A.I. Zhukov and others. Sewerage of industrial enterprises. Publishing house of literature on construction. M.:, 1969
13. Scientific and applied reference book on the climate of the USSR. Series 3 Long-term data. Ch. 1-6. Issue. 10. Ukrainian SSR. Book 1. L., 1990
14. Hydrosphere. Rules for control over the removal of rain and snow wastewater from the territories of cities and industrial enterprises / State Standard of Ukraine, DSTU 3013-95. - Kyiv, 1995
15. Marzeev A.N., Zhabotinsky V.N. Communal hygiene. M. Medicine, 1979, 576 p.
16. Trakhtman N.N., Izmerov N.F., communal hygiene. M. Medicine, 1974, 328 p.
Section content
The amount of water required for each production, as well as the amount of waste water generated, is established by technological calculation or adopted on the basis of best practices. They can be adopted according to current departmental technological or consolidated standards. Water consumption rates for sanitary and domestic needs (including its consumption for washing floors, watering green spaces, enterprise territories), for fire protection systems are given in.
The scheme and composition of the equipment of the water supply system significantly depend on the type and type of boiler house (boiler house of a thermal power plant, industrial enterprise or housing and communal services).
Depending on the purpose, water supply can be:
a) industrial - for supplying industrial (technical) water to an industrial enterprise and power plants; *
b) household and drinking - for supplying drinking (purified and disinfected) water to employees of enterprises and the population of nearby towns or cities;
c) fire-fighting - to extinguish a fire.
There is no independent fire-fighting water supply at industrial enterprises, therefore, water for extinguishing a fire is taken from industrial or domestic water supply, or from local water bodies, for example, spray pools, recycled water cooling ponds, etc.
Water used by consumers and diverted from them for reuse or into a body of water is called wastewater. All wastewater can be separated:
a) polluted waters, i.e. containing mechanical or chemical impurities. These waters, when reused, as well as when released into a reservoir, need to be cleaned;
b) water is conditionally clean, not requiring any purification before reuse or before discharge into a reservoir.
Domestic wastewater and most industrial wastewater are contaminated.
Conditionally clean water includes, as a rule, cooling water after various types of heat exchange and electromechanical equipment.
Part of the water used by industrial and domestic consumers is consumed irretrievably, i.e., there are water losses that range from 5 to 70% or more, depending on the processes being serviced. The rest of the water goes to the drain. For example, part of the water (up to several percent) cooled in cooling towers or artificial and natural reservoirs is irretrievably lost due to its evaporation and droplet entrainment. There are water losses with exhaust ventilation air in showers and. etc.
At TPPs, the total water consumption is determined mainly by the consumption for the condensation of steam that has been used in turbines.
The maximum cooling water flow in the surface condenser of the unit is
G max = D(h – ct) ,
where D is the steam flow rate at the condenser inlet; h is the enthalpy of steam, with and t- heat capacity and condensate temperature
In addition, water is used to cool the steam (see clause 4.7.3) of deaerators, air, gases, oil in the lubrication systems for bearings of auxiliary mechanisms and oil systems for automatic control of turbogenerators. Water is also required to replenish steam and condensate losses both inside the power plant and boiler houses, and from external heat consumers (for replenishing condensate losses and preparing feed water for boilers, steam converters and evaporators, taking into account the own needs of the chemical shop; for feeding both closed and open heat supply systems (see); to replenish cooling water losses in circulating water supply systems), as well as to move ash and slag to be removed through pipes (see section 5). Finally, water is used to satisfy economic and domestic needs (drinking water, sanitary facilities, showers, etc.).
The amount of water consumption listed above depends on the purpose and type of the power plant or boiler house, the facilities attached to them, the type and amount of fuel burned, the type and capacity of the installed main and auxiliary boiler and turbine equipment, the temperature of the water used for cooling, as well as the operating conditions of the equipment .
Approximate data for calculating the total need of a condensing power plant (CPP) for water with a once-through water supply system are given in Table. 3.1.2. The initial value is taken as the hourly steam flow to the turbine D, t/h
Table 3.1.2. Estimated water consumption at IES
| Name of water flow | The amount of water used |
| For the condensation of the exhaust steam in the turbine | (50 - 60)D |
| For turbine oil cooling | (2 - 3) D |
| For cooling the bearings of auxiliary mechanisms (mills, fans, smoke exhausters, pumps, etc.) |
(0,1 - 0,5)D |
| To feed the boilers | (0,05 - 0,1)D |
| For hydraulic ash removal | (1,0 - 1,5)D |
| For business needs | Up to 0.1 D |
At combined heat and power plants (CHP), water is required, in addition, to feed heating networks 0.05 - 0.4 D, and for the supply of boilers. Therefore, the water flow increases to 0.3 D and more. Consequently, the total water consumption for the condensing power plant (when operating on a direct-flow water supply system) is 55-65 D. For a condensing power plant with a capacity of about 1 million kW, this flow rate will be 40 - 50 m 3 / s, which corresponds to the flow rate of water, for example, r. Moscow.
With a circulating water supply system, depending on the adopted cooling method, only 2 - 3.5 D. Other water costs will be the same (Table 3.1.2). Thus, the total water consumption during recycling water supply will be 3 - 5.5 D, i.e., about 12 - 15 times less than with direct-flow water supply.
Assignment for term paper
The degree of fire resistance of the building of the production building II.
Width of buildings up to 60 m.
The area of the territory of the enterprise is up to 150 hectares.
Volume of buildings:
I production building 100 thousand m 3
II production building up to 200 thousand m 3
Number of working shifts 3.
The number of workers per shift is 600 people.
Water consumption for production needs 700 m 3 /cm.
Number of workers per shift taking showers 80%.
Baseline data for the locality
The number of inhabitants in the settlement is 21 thousand people.
Floors of building 5.
The degree of improvement of residential areas: internal water supply, sewerage and centralized hot water supply
Type of public building: factory-kitchen (type "b") up to 2500 m 3 Meter 5000 dishes.
Material of pipes of the main sections of the water supply network and water pipelines: cast iron with a polymer coating applied by centrifugation.
The length of water pipelines from NSII to the water tower is 700 m.
1. Determination of water consumers and calculation of the required water consumption for household, drinking, industrial and fire needs of the village and enterprise
1.1 Definition of water users
The combined domestic drinking and fire fighting water supply should ensure the flow of water for the household and drinking needs of the village, the household and drinking needs of the enterprise, the household needs of public buildings, the production needs of the enterprise, extinguishing possible fires in the village and at the enterprise.
1.2 Calculation of the required water consumption for domestic and drinking and industrial needs
Norms of water consumption for household and drinking needs for settlements are determined according to SNiP 2.04.02-84, clause 2.1, table 1, note 4 and depend on the degree of improvement of residential areas. We accept the norm of water consumption per person as 300 l / day.
Estimated (average for the year) daily water consumption, m 3 / day for household and drinking needs
q - specific water consumption per inhabitant, taken according to Table 1 SNiP 2.04-84; N is the estimated number of inhabitants.
, m 3 / day.
Daily consumption, taking into account water consumption for the needs of industry providing the population with food, and unaccounted for costs increases by 10-20% (clause 2.1, note 4) .
Estimated water consumption per day of the highest water consumption
К сum.max – coefficient of daily unevenness of water consumption;
K sum.max - takes into account the way of life of the population, the mode of operation of the enterprise, the degree of improvement of buildings, changes in water consumption by seasons of the year and days of the week.
For a building equipped with internal water supply, sewerage and centralized hot water supply, we accept K sum.max = 1.1.
Estimated hourly maximum water flow
K h.max - coefficient of hourly unevenness of water consumption;
where a max is a coefficient that takes into account the degree of improvement of buildings, the mode of operation of enterprises and other local conditions, is taken according to clause 2.2.
b max - coefficient taking into account the number of inhabitants in the settlement, is taken according to Table 2, clause 2.2.
, m 3 / day
Water consumption for household and drinking needs in public buildings
q total building - the rate of water consumption by consumers per day for a public building is taken according to Appendix 3;
N total.zd - the number of meters.
Water consumption for household and drinking needs of the factory-kitchen
m 3 / day
The total water consumption in the village.
M 3 /day
Industrial enterprise.
In accordance with clause 2.4. , Appendix 3 and according to the task, we accept the rate of water consumption for household and drinking needs per person per shift 
Water consumption per shift
N cm - the number of workers per shift.
m 3 / cm
Daily water consumption
where
n cm is the number of shifts.
m 3 / day
Number of shower screens
where N cm is the number of workers taking a shower.
PCS.
Water consumption per shift
0.5 m 3 / h - the rate of water consumption per shower net (Appendix 3);
Daily water consumption per shower
where n cm is the number of shifts; n cm = 3.
m 3 / day
Water consumption for the production needs of the enterprise according to the assignment m 3 / cm, which is distributed evenly over the hours of the shift (an eight-hour shift with a lunch break for one hour, during which production does not stop). Eight-hour shift work accepted
Hourly water consumption
m 3 / h
Daily water consumption for production needs
Thus, the estimated daily water consumption for the enterprise will be
The total water consumption per day for the village and the enterprise is equal to
In the village and the enterprise, the greatest water consumption occurs from 8 to 9 am, at this time 574.3 m 3 / h is spent for all needs or
l/s
Estimated expense for the company
l/s
Estimated consumption of a public building (hospital).
l/s
The village spends
We build a schedule of water consumption of the combined water supply by hours of the day (Fig. 1).
Fig.1 - Determination of the estimated water consumption for fire extinguishing
Estimated water consumption for outdoor fire extinguishing in settlements and at an industrial enterprise is determined according to SNiP 2.04.02-84, paragraphs 2.12-2.23, and for internal fire extinguishing according to SNiP 2.04.01-85, paragraphs 6.1-6.6.
Since the water supply system in the village is designed to be united, then according to SNiP 2.04.02-84, clause 2.23, with a population of 21,000 people, we accept 1 fire. With a five-story building, the water consumption is 15 l / s per fire.
Water consumption for internal fire extinguishing in the village in the presence of a kitchen factory with a volume of up to 2500 m 3, according to SNiP 2.04.01-85, p. 61, table 1, we accept 1 jet with a capacity of 2.5 l / s
According to SNiP 2.04.02-84, clause 2.22, we accept one fire at the enterprise, because the area of the enterprise is up to 150 hectares.
According to paragraph 2.14, table 8, note 1, we accept the estimated water consumption for the building
According to SNiP 2.04.01-85, clause 61, table 2, the estimated consumption for internal fire extinguishing in an industrial building is taken from the calculation of 2 jets of 5 l / s each:
l/s
2. Hydraulic calculation of the water supply network
Total water consumption per hour of maximum water consumption, i.e. from 8-9 a.m., is 159.53 l/s, including the concentrated flow of the enterprise is 34.83 l/s, and the concentrated flow of the public building is 0.58 l/s.
Figure 2 - Calculation scheme of the water supply network.
1. Let's determine the uniformly distributed flow:
2. Determine the specific consumption:
l/s
where is the length of the section;
m is the number of plots;
j is the section number.
3. Define path selections:
The results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 - Travel costs
| Lot number | Section length, m | Track selection, l / s |
| 1-2 | 1000 | 12,412 |
| 2-3 | 1500 | 18,618 |
| 3-4 | 1000 | 12,412 |
| 4-5 | 1500 | 18,618 |
| 5-6 | 1500 | 18,618 |
| 6-7 | 500 | 6,206 |
| 7-1 | 1000 | 12,412 |
| 7-4 | 2000 | 24,824 |
| 10000 | 124,12 |
4. Determine the nodal costs:
,
where - the sum of track selections in the areas adjacent to this node;
Table 2 - Nodal costs
5. Let's add the concentrated costs to the nodal costs. The concentrated expense of the enterprise is added to the nodal expense at point 5, and the concentrated expense of the public building is added at point 3.
Then q 3 \u003d 15.515 + 0.58 \u003d 16.095 l / s, q 5 \u003d 18.618 + 34.83 \u003d 53.448 l / s
The values of nodal costs are shown in fig. 3 including concentrated spending
Figure 3 - Calculation scheme of the water supply network with nodal costs.
6. Let's make a preliminary distribution of water consumption by network sections. We will do this first for the water supply network at the maximum economic and industrial water consumption (without fire).
Point 5 is the dictating point. The direction of water movement from point 1 to point 5 was previously outlined (the direction is shown in Fig. 3). water flows can approach point 5 in three directions: the first is 1-2-3-4-5, the second is 1-7-4-5, the third is 1-7-6-5. Node 1 must satisfy the relation 
. L/s and 
.
, .
The result will be:
Check l / s.
In case of fire, the water supply network must ensure the supply of water for fire extinguishing at the maximum hourly water consumption for other needs, with the exception of expenses at an industrial enterprise for a shower, watering the territory, etc. (clause 2.21), if these costs are included in the consumption at the hour of maximum water consumption. For the water supply network shown in fig. 2, the water flow for fire extinguishing should be added to the nodal flow at point 5, where water is taken to the industrial enterprise and which is the furthest from the input point (from point 1), i.e.
A diagram of a water supply network with pre-allocated costs at normal times is shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 4 - Calculation scheme of the water supply network with pre-allocated costs for economic and industrial water consumption
In case of fire, the water supply network must ensure the supply of water for fire extinguishing at the maximum hourly water consumption for other needs, with the exception of expenses at an industrial enterprise for a shower, watering the territory, etc. (clause 2.21 of SNiP 2.04.02-84), if these costs are included in the hour of maximum water consumption.
Hydraulic calculation of the network in case of fire.
Since , then the nodal costs during a fire will be different than in the hour of maximum water consumption without a fire, we determine the nodal costs as we considered without a fire
Node 1 must satisfy the relation . L/s and 
l / s are known, but unknown. We arbitrarily set one of these quantities. Take, for example, l / s. Then,
For point 7, the following relationship must be observed
.
The values of l/s and l/s are known and unknown. We arbitrarily set one of these quantities and take, for example, l / s. Then,
Water discharges in other areas can be determined from the following ratios:
, .
The result will be:
Check l / s.
Figure 5 - Calculation scheme of the water supply network with nodal and pre-distributed costs in case of fire.
7. We determine the diameters of the pipes of the network sections.
For cast iron pipes.
According to the economic factor and the pre-distributed water flow over the network sections in case of fire, according to table 3, cast-iron pipes GOST 9583-75 and GOST 21053-75, we determine the diameters of the pipes of the water supply network sections:
Linking the water supply network at the maximum economic and industrial water consumption.
Linkage is carried out as long as ∆h ≤ 0.5 m
∆q ’ = ∆h / 2∑(h/q)
For section 4–7, which is common for both rings, two corrections are introduced - from the first ring and from the second. The sign of the correction flow rate when transferring from one ring to another should be preserved.
Determination of pressure losses at the maximum household-industrial water consumption.
where , 
, 
The pressure loss in the network at the maximum economic and industrial water consumption is: h c \u003d 10.9596 m.
Determination of pressure losses at maximum household-industrial water consumption and fire.
Water flows from point 1 to point 5 (dictating point), as seen from the directions of the arrows, can go in 3 directions: the first is 1-2-3-4-5, the second is 1-7-4-5
Water flows from point 1 to point 5 (dictating point), as can be seen from the directions of the arrows, can go in 3 directions: the first - 1-2-3-4-5, the second - 1-7-4-5, the third - 1-7-6-5. The average pressure loss in the network can be determined by the formula
where , ,
The pressure loss in the network at the maximum economic and industrial water consumption (without the cost of a shower at the enterprise) and in case of fire is
h 1 \u003d 2.715 + 6.2313 + 6.6521 + 11.9979 \u003d 27.5927 m
h 2 \u003d 2.5818 + 12.8434 + 11.9970 \u003d 27.4722 m
h 3 \u003d 2.5818 + 3.6455 + 21.1979 \u003d 27.4234 m
3. Determining the mode of operation of the NS- II
The choice of the operating mode of the pumping station of the second lift is determined by the water consumption schedule. In those hours when the supply of HC-II is greater than the water consumption of the village, excess water enters the tank of the water tower, and during the hours when the supply is less than the water consumption of the village, the lack of water comes from the tank of the water tower. To ensure the minimum capacity of the tank, the water supply schedule by pumps tends to be brought closer to the water consumption schedule. However, the frequent switching on and off of the pumps complicates the operation of the pumping station and adversely affects the electrical control equipment of the pumping units. The installation of a large group of pumps with low flow leads to an increase in the area of NS-II and the efficiency of pumps with low flow is lower than with a large one. Therefore, two or three-stage operation of the HC-II is adopted.
In any mode of operation of the NS-II, the supply of pumps must ensure full (100%) water consumption by the village. We accept a two-stage operation mode of the NS-II with each pump supplying 2.5% per hour of the daily water consumption. Then one pump per day will supply 2.5 * 24 \u003d 60% of the daily water consumption. The second pump must supply 100-60 = 40% of the daily water consumption and it must be turned on for 40 / 2.5 = 16 hours.
In accordance with the water consumption schedule, it is proposed to turn on the second pump at 5 o'clock and turn it off at 21. This mode is shown by a dotted line.
To determine the control capacity of the water tower tank, we will compile Table 3.
Table 3 - Water consumption and pump operation mode
| Times of Day | Hourly water consumption | 1 option | Option 2 | ||||||
| Feed pumps | Entering the tank | Flow from the tank | Remaining in the tank | Feed pumps | Entering the tank | Flow from the tank | Remaining in the tank | ||
| 0-1 | 2,820 | 2,5 | 0 | 0,32 | -0,32 | 3 | 0,18 | 0 | 0,18 |
| 1-2 | 2,530 | 2,5 | 0 | 0,03 | -0,35 | 3 | 0,47 | 0 | 0,65 |
| 2-3 | 2,330 | 2,5 | 0,17 | 0 | -0,18 | 3 | 0,67 | 0 | 1,32 |
| 3-4 | 2,370 | 2,5 | 0,13 | 0 | -0,05 | 3 | 0,63 | 0 | 1,95 |
| 4-5 | 3,120 | 2,5 | 0 | 0,62 | -0,67 | 3 | 0 | 0,12 | 1,83 |
| 5-6 | 3,800 | 2,5 | 0 | 1,3 | -1,97 | 3 | 0 | 0,8 | 1,03 |
| 6-7 | 4,370 | 5 | 0,63 | 0 | -1,34 | 3 | 0 | 1,37 | -0,34 |
| 7-8 | 4,980 | 5 | 0,02 | 0 | -1,32 | 3 | 0 | 1,98 | -2,32 |
| 8-9 | 5,730 | 5 | 0 | 0,73 | -2,05 | 6 | 0,27 | 0 | -2,05 |
| 9-10 | 5,560 | 5 | 0 | 0,56 | -2,61 | 6 | 0,44 | 0 | -1,61 |
| 10-11 | 5,370 | 5 | 0 | 0,37 | -2,98 | 6 | 0,63 | 0 | -0,98 |
| 11-12 | 5,290 | 5 | 0 | 0,29 | -3,27 | 6 | 0,71 | 0 | -0,27 |
| 12-13 | 4,620 | 5 | 0,38 | 0 | -2,89 | 6 | 1,38 | 0 | 1,11 |
| 13-14 | 4,570 | 5 | 0,43 | 0 | -2,46 | 6 | 1,43 | 0 | 2,54 |
| 14-15 | 4,800 | 5 | 0,2 | 0 | -2,26 | 6 | 1,2 | 0 | 3,74 |
| 15-16 | 4,980 | 5 | 0,02 | 0 | -2,24 | 6 | 1,02 | 0 | 4,76 |
| 16-17 | 5,470 | 5 | 0 | 0,47 | -2,71 | 6 | 0,53 | 0 | 5,29 |
| 17-18 | 4,790 | 5 | 0,21 | 0 | -2,5 | 4 | 0 | 0,79 | 4,5 |
| 18-19 | 4,640 | 5 | 0,36 | 0 | -2,14 | 3 | 0 | 1,64 | 2,86 |
| 19-20 | 4,370 | 5 | 0,63 | 0 | -1,51 | 3 | 0 | 1,37 | 1,49 |
| 20-21 | 4,160 | 5 | 0,84 | 0 | -0,67 | 3 | 0 | 1,16 | 0,33 |
| 21-22 | 3,720 | 5 | 1,28 | 0 | 0,61 | 3 | 0 | 0,72 | -0,39 |
| 22-23 | 3,110 | 2,5 | 0 | 0,61 | 0,00 | 3 | 0 | 0,11 | -0,5 |
| 23-24 | 2,520 | 2,5 | 0 | 0,02 | -0,02 | 3 | 0,48 | 0 | -0,02 |
| V tank = | 3,88 | V tank = | 7,61 | ||||||
In column 1, hourly intervals are indicated, and in column 2, hourly water consumption in% of daily water consumption in accordance with column 11 of table 1. In column 3, the supply of pumps in accordance with the proposed mode of operation of the NS-II.
If the supply of pumps is higher than the water consumption of the village, then the difference between these values \u200b\u200bis recorded in column 4 (input to the tank), and if lower - in column 5 (tank flow).
The remaining water in the tank (column 6) by the end of a certain interval is defined as the algebraic sum of two columns 4 and 5 (positive when entering the tank and negative when flowing out of it).
The regulating capacity of the tank will be equal to the sum of the absolute values of the largest positive and the smallest negative value of column 6. In the considered example, the tank capacity of the tower turned out to be equal to 3.88% of the daily water consumption.
Let's try to analyze another mode of operation of the NS-II. Setting the supply of pumps at 3% of the daily water consumption by each pump. One pump will deliver 24*3 = 72% of the daily flow in 24 hours. The other will have 28% and must work 28/3 = 9.33 hours. The second pump must be turned on from 8:00 to 17:20. This mode of operation of the NS-II is shown on the graph by a dash-dotted line. The regulating capacity of the tank is equal to
7.61%, i.e. in this mode, the tank capacity will be larger. We choose the first option with the supply of pumps 2.5% of the daily.
4. Hydraulic calculation of conduits
The purpose of the hydraulic calculation of water conduits is to determine the pressure loss when the estimated water flow is skipped. Water conduits, like the water supply network, are calculated for two modes of operation, for the passage of household and drinking and production costs in accordance with the mode of operation of the NS-II and for the passage of maximum household, drinking, production and fire expenses, taking into account the requirements of clause 2.21 of SNiP 2.04. 02-84. The method for determining the diameter of pipes of water conduits is the same as the diameters of pipes of a water supply network.
In this course project, it is given that the conduits are made of asbestos-cement pipes, the distance from NS-II to the water tower is m.
Taking into account that the project adopted an uneven operation mode of the NS-II with a maximum flow of pumps P = 2.5 + 2.5 = 5% per hour of the daily water consumption, the water flow that will pass through the conduits will be equal to:
Since water conduits should be laid in at least two lines, the water flow through one conduit is equal to:
l/s
From Appendix II of the guidelines, we determine the diameter of the conduits: d = 0.280 m., d p = 0.229 m.
The speed of water in the conduit is determined from the expression:
At a flow rate of Q waters = 69.63 l/s, the speed of water movement in the conduit with an estimated diameter of 0.229 m. will be equal to:
m/s
The pressure loss in the conduit is determined by the formula:
h water \u003d 0.012 700 \u003d 8.4 m
The total water consumption in fire extinguishing conditions is equal to
l/s
The water consumption in one line of water conduits under fire extinguishing conditions will be equal to:
In this case, the speed of movement of water in the pipeline will be equal to:
m/s
h water \u003d 0.028 700 \u003d 19.6 m
The pressure loss in water conduits at (h water, h water fire) will be taken into account when determining the required pressure of household and fire pumps.
5. Calculation of the water tower
The water tower is designed to regulate the unevenness of water consumption, store emergency fire-fighting water and create the required pressure in the water supply network.
5.1 Determining the height of the water tower
The height of the water tower is determined by the formula:
where 1.1 is a coefficient that takes into account pressure losses in local resistances (clause 4, appendix 10);
h c - pressure loss of the water supply network during its operation at normal times;
Z AT, Z V.B. - geodetic marks, respectively, at the dictating point and at the installation site of the tower. The minimum pressure H sv at the dictating point of the network at the maximum domestic and drinking water consumption at the entrance to the building in accordance with clause 2.26 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 should be equal to:
where n is the number of floors
5.2 Determining the tank capacity of a water tower
The capacity of the water tower tank must be equal (clause 9.1. SNiP 2.04.02-84).
where Wch is the regulating capacity of the tank;
W N.C. - the volume of the emergency water reserve, the value of which is determined in accordance with clause 9.5 of SNiP 2.04.02-84 from the expression:
where is the supply of water required for a 10-minute duration of extinguishing one external and one internal fire;
Water supply for 10 minutes, determined by the maximum water consumption for household and drinking and industrial needs.
The control volume of water in tanks (reservoirs, tanks, water towers) should be determined on the basis of water inflow and withdrawal schedules, and in their absence, according to the formula given in clause 9.2. SNiP 2.04.02-84. In this course work, the water consumption schedule is determined and the NS-II operating mode is proposed, for which the regulating volume of the water tower tank was K = 3.88 of the daily water consumption in the village (section 4)
where 
m 3 / day.
Since the highest estimated water consumption is required to extinguish one fire at the enterprise, then
m 3
Thus
According to Appendix III of the guidelines, we accept a typical water tower with a height of 32.5 m with a tank with a capacity of W B = 800 m 3.
Knowing the capacity of the tank, we determine its diameter and height
m
6. Calculation of clean water tanks
Clean water tanks are designed to regulate the uneven operation of the pumping station I and II lifts and store an emergency water supply for the entire fire extinguishing period.
The control capacity of clean water tanks can be determined based on the analysis of the operation of pumping stations I and II lifts.
The HC-I operating mode is usually assumed to be uniform, since such a mode is most favorable for the HC-I equipment and water treatment facilities. At the same time, NS-I, as well as NS-II, must supply all 100% of the daily water consumption in the village. Consequently, the hourly water supply of NS-I will be 100/24 = 4.167% of the daily water consumption in the village. The mode of operation of the NS-II is given in Section 3.
Fig.7. - Operating mode NS-I and NS-II
To determine W reg. Let's use a graphical method. To do this, we combine the work schedules of NS-I and NS-II (Fig. 8). The regulating volume as a percentage of the daily water consumption is equal to the area “a” or the sum of the areas “b” equal to it.
W reg \u003d (5-4.167) * 16 \u003d 13.33% or
W reg \u003d (4.167-2.5) * 6 + (4.167-2.5) * 2 \u003d 13.33%
The daily water consumption is 10026.85 m 3 and the regulating volume of the clean water tank will be equal to:
Emergency water supply W n.z. in accordance with clause 9.4. SNiP 2.04.02.-84 is determined from the condition of providing fire extinguishing from external hydrants and internal fire hydrants (clauses 2.12.-2.17. 6.1.-6.4. SNiP 2.04.01.-85), as well as special fire extinguishing equipment (sprinklers, drenchers and others that do not have their own tanks) in accordance with paragraph 2.18. and 2.19. SNiP 2.04.02.-84 and ensure maximum household, drinking and production needs, for the entire period of fire fighting, taking into account the requirements of clause 2.21.
Thus:
When determining the volume of the emergency water supply in tanks, it is allowed to take into account their replenishment with water during fire extinguishing, if the water supply to the tanks is carried out by water supply systems of categories I and II according to the degree of availability of water supply, i.e.:
where t t \u003d 3 hours is the estimated duration of fire extinguishing (clause 2.24 of SNiP 2.04.02.-84).
When determining Q pos.pr, water consumption for watering the territory, taking a shower, washing floors and washing process equipment at an industrial enterprise is not taken into account.
In this example, Q¢ pos.pr -Q shower \u003d 764.96-0 \u003d 764.96 m 3 / h
Q¢ pos.pr \u003d 764.96 m 3 / h or 212.49 l / s.
W n.c.x-p = Q¢ pos.pr . t t = 764.96 . 3 \u003d 2294.88 m 3.
During fire extinguishing, pumps NS-I supply 4.167% of the daily flow per hour, and during the time t t it will be supplied
Thus, the volume of emergency water supply will be equal to:
Full volume of clean water tanks
According to clause 9.21. SNiP 2.04.02-84, the total number of tanks should be at the same level, when one tank is turned off, at least 50% of the NZ should be stored in the others, and the tank equipment should provide the ability to turn on and empty each tank. We accept two standard tanks with a volume of 1600 m 3 each (Appendix IV of the guidelines).
7. Selection of pumps for the pumping station of the second lift
It follows from the calculation that NS-II operates in an uneven mode with the installation of two main household pumps in it, the supply of which will be equal to:
The required pressure of household pumps is determined by the formula:
where h water - pressure loss in water conduits, m;
H N.B. is the height of the water tower, m;
Z V.B. and Z H.S. - geodetic marks, respectively, of the installation site of the tower and NS-II;
1.1 - coefficient taking into account pressure losses due to local resistances (clause 4, appendix 10).
The pressure of pumps during operation during a fire is determined by the formula:
where h vod.pozh and h s.pozh - respectively, the pressure loss in water conduits and the water supply network during fire extinguishing, m;
H sv - free pressure at the hydrant located at the dictating point, m. For low pressure water pipelines H sv \u003d 10m;
Z AT - geodetic mark at the dictating point, m.
We are building a pumping station according to the principle of low pressure. In normal times, one or a group of household pumps work. In the event of a fire, an additional pump is switched on with the same pressure as the household pumps and ensures the supply of water for fire extinguishing. The device of the switching chamber depends on the type of pumping station (Fig. 9).
Selection of brands of pumps can be carried out according to the summary graph of the Q-H fields (Appendix XI and XII). On the graph, along the abscissa axis, the flow of pumps is plotted, along the ordinate axis, the head and for each brand of pumps are the fields within which these values \u200b\u200bcan change. The fields are formed as follows. The upper and lower bounds are, respectively, the characteristics
Q-H for this pump brand with the largest and smallest impeller diameters of the produced series. The lateral boundaries of the fields limit the area of the optimal mode of operation of the pumps, i.e. the area corresponding to the maximum values of the efficiency factor. When choosing a pump brand, it must be taken into account that the calculated values of the flow and pressure of the pump must lie within its Q-H field.
The proposed pumping unit must ensure the minimum amount of excess pressure developed by pumps in all operating modes, through the use of control tanks, speed control, changing the number and type of pumps, replacing impellers in accordance with changes in their operating conditions during the estimated period (p. 7.2.SNiP 2.04.02-84).
The calculated values of flow and pressure, accepted brands and number of pumps, the category of the pumping station are given in Table 4.
Table 4 - Calculated values of flow and pressure, accepted brands and number of pumps, category of pumping station
Bibliography:
1. SNiP 2.04.02-84 “Water supply. External networks and structures”. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1985.
2. SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Internal water supply and sewerage of buildings”. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1986.
3. Shevelev F.A., Shevelev A.F. "Tables for the hydraulic calculation of water pipes." / Reference manual. – M.: Stroyizdat, 1984.
4. Lobachev P.V. “Pumps and pumping stations”, - M .: Stroyizdat, 1983.
a common part
Terminology
Appointment of norms
The role of water in production
Water use patterns
Loss of water in the water supply system
Water quality requirements
Criterion of rational use of water
Use of norms
I. Fuel industry
A. Coal and shale enterprises
1. Coal and shale mines and cuts
2. Coal and oil shale enrichment plants
3. Coal briquetting factories
B. Peat industry enterprises
4. Plants of peat briquettes
5. Factories of peat thermal insulation boards
6. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of output in the fuel industry
II. Thermal power industry
1. Condensation (CPP and NPP), gas turbine and combined cycle power plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP)
2. Aggregated rates of water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of output in the heat and power industry
III. Ferrous metallurgy
A. Mining
1. Careers
2. Mines (mines)
3. Crushing and screening plants
4. Processing plants for ores and non-metallic minerals
5. Pellet factories
B. Metallurgical plants and workshops
6. Sinter production
7. Domain production
8. Steelmaking
9. Rolling production
10. Pipe plants
11. Ferroalloy plants
12. Hardware factories
13. Coke plants
14. Mines. Factories and workshops of refractory products
15. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the ferrous metallurgy
IV. Non-ferrous metallurgy
1. Mining enterprises
2. Processing plants
3. Metallurgical plants
4. Aggregated rates of water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in non-ferrous metallurgy
V. Oil and gas industry
A. Oil industry
1. Oil fields and primary oil treatment
B. Gas industry
2. Gas producing enterprises
3. Gas processing plants
4. Compressor stations for gas transportation
5. LPG cluster bases
6. Aggregate norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the oil and gas industry
VI. Oil refining and petrochemical industry
1. Oil refineries
2. Petrochemical enterprises
3. Production of synthetic fatty acids (FFAs)
4. Plants for synthetic rubber and other products
5. Rubber industry plants
6. Plants for the production of carbon black (carbon black plants)
7. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the oil refining and petrochemical industries
VII. Chemical industry
A. Mining and chemical production
1. Apatite, phosphorite and datolite mines and processing plants
2. Sulfur mines, concentrators and sulfur smelters
3. Combines (mines and factories) of potash fertilizers
B. Production of basic chemistry
4. Production of soda ash
5. Production of caustic soda by ferritic and lime methods
6. Production of burnt lime, carbon dioxide and lime milk
7. Production of sodium bicarbonate
8. Production of calcium chloride
9. Sulfuric acid production
10. Production of hydrofluoric acid in Czechoslovakia
11. Production of Glauber's salt in Czechoslovakia
12. Production of double superphosphate
13. Ammophos production
14. Production of nitroammophoska
15. Production of nitrophoska
16. Production of extractive phosphoric acid
17. Production of yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid and sodium tripolyphosphate
18. Production of complex fertilizers
19. Production of calcium carbide
B. Production of the nitrogen industry and organic synthesis products
20. Ammonia production
21. Ammonia water production
22. Production of weak nitric acid
23. Production of ammonium nitrate
24. Production of urea (urea)
25. Methanol production
26. Production of acetylene by thermo-oxidative pyrolysis
27. Production of caprolactam
D. Production of chlorine and products of organic and organochlorine synthesis
28. Production of chlorine and caustic soda
29. Production of synthetic glycerin
30. Production of carbon tetrachloride and perchlorethylene
31. Production of acetic acid
32. Production of acetic acid and acetic anhydride (jointly)
33. Methylene chloride production
34. Ethylene oxide production by direct oxidation
35. Glycol production
36. Production of chlorobenzene (according to Poland and Czechoslovakia)
37. Production of methyl methacrylate in Czechoslovakia
38. Plexiglas production in Czechoslovakia
39. Production of polycarbacin
40. Production of sevin (naphthylcarbamate)
41. Zineb production
D. Enterprises of the paint and varnish industry
42. Paint and varnish factories and production
43. Factories and workshops of the pigment industry
E. Manufacture of organic intermediates and dyes
44. Production of polyesters in Czechoslovakia
45. Production of phthalic anhydride in Czechoslovakia
46. Production of dimethyl terephthalate in Czechoslovakia
47. Production of nitrobenzene in Poland
48. Production of azo dyes in Czechoslovakia
49. Production of anthraquinone dyes in Czechoslovakia
G. Production of plastics and phenols
50. Production of low pressure polyethylene (high density)
51. Production of plasticizers
52. Production of phenol-formaldehyde resins
53. Production of phenol-formaldehyde press powders
54. Production of urea resins by liquid-phase method
55. Production of epoxy resins
56. Production of ion exchange resins
57. Production of polycarbonate resins
58. Production of polyformaldehyde resins
59. Production of expandable polystyrene (expanded polystyrene)
60. Production of emulsion polystyrene
61. Production of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic (Japanese way)
62. Production of cellulose acetate in a semi-continuous way
63. Manufacture of vinyl acetate and its derivatives
64. Production of polyvinyl acetate dispersion (PVAD)
65. Production of phenol in Poland
3. Manufacture of chemical fibers
66. Manufacture of viscose textile thread, viscose staple fiber, viscose industrial thread, cellophane and lacquered film
67. Production of copper-ammonia fiber
68. Production of acetate silk
69. Production of rectified carbon disulfide
70. Production of synthetic fiber kapron
71. Manufacture of anid synthetic fiber
72. Production of synthetic fiber lavsan
73. Production of synthetic fiber nitron
I. Production of air separation products
74. Obtaining oxygen in Hungary
K. Chemical-photographic industry
75. Production of cellulose triacetate
76. Motion picture film production
77. Magnetic tape production
78. Gelatin production
79. Production of photographic paper
80. Production of precipitated fertilizers
81. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the chemical industry
VIII. Forestry, woodworking and wood chemical industry
A. Sawmills and woodworking plants and factories, furniture factories
1. Sawmills
2. Production of fibreboard
3. Production of carpentry and building products and planed parts
4. Wood flour production
5. Production of process chips
6. Production of fiberboard
7. Furniture factories
8. Plywood factories
9. Particle board production
B. Wood chemical production
10. Rosin-extraction production
11. Rosin-turpentine production
12. Pyrolysis (dry distillation) of wood
13. Recycling of wood resins
14. Production of acetic acid by extraction
15. Production of acetate solvents (ethyl acetate and butyl acetate)
16. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the forestry, woodworking and wood-chemical industries
IX. Pulp and paper industry
A. Production of wood pulp, pulp, semi-pulp, paper, cardboard
1. Wood pulp production
2. Production of sulfate pulp and semi-pulp
3. Production of sulfite pulp
4. Production of unbleached bisulfite semi-pulp
5. Production of paper and cardboard
B. Processing of by-products of kraft pulp production
6. Obtaining tall oil by decomposition of sulfate soap
7. Obtaining tall oil by distillation of fatty and resin acids
8. Rectification of sulfate turpentine
9. Aggregate norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the pulp and paper industry
X. Light industry
A. Linen, hemp, wool, silk, jute and cotton primary processing plants
1. Plants for the primary processing of flax (flax plants) and hemp stalk (hemp plants)
2. Factories of primary processing of wool
3. Juto-kenaf factories
4. Silk-winding factories
5. Enterprises of the cotton ginning industry
6. Seed disinfection workshops
B. Textile factories
7. Combined linen fabrics
8. Combines of cotton fabrics
9. Combined silk fabrics
10. Spinning and thread factories
11. Worsted and cloth mills
12. Worsted spinning factory with fiber dyeing workshop
13. Fine cloth factory with fiber dyeing workshop
B. Knitting, hosiery and clothing industries
14. Knitwear, hosiery and clothing factories
D. Leather and footwear enterprises
15. Leather factories
16. Tanneries
17. Shoe factories
18. Production of outsole rubber
19. Manufacture of shoe cardboard
20. Artificial leather, PVC film and synthetic leather factories
21. Production of insole cellulose material (SCM-1)
D. Fur factories and felting enterprises
22. Fur factories
23. Felting and felt factories
24. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of output in light industry
XI. Bakery, meat and dairy, fish and food industries
A. Grain processing and storage facilities
1. Flour mills, feed mills, cereal mills, hybrid corn seed processing plants, elevators, grain receiving enterprises and sales bases
B. Enterprises of the baking, confectionery and vegetable canning industries
2. Bakeries
3. Pasta factories
4. Confectionery factories
5. Fruit and vegetable canning factories
6. Yeast plants
B. Dairy enterprises
7. Milk receiving and milk separator points, station and roadside dairies, city dairies, butter factories, cheese factories, milk canning factories and whole milk powder factories
D. Meat industry enterprises
8. Meat processing plants, meat and poultry processing plants, meat processing plants, poultry processing plants
D. Enterprises of commercial fish farming, reproduction of fish stocks and fish processing enterprises
9. Commercial fish farming enterprises
10. Enterprises of reproduction of fish stocks
11. Fish processing enterprises
12. Refrigerators
E. Enterprises of the oil and fat industry
13. Oil extraction plants
14. Hydrogenation plants
15. Refineries
16. Margarine factories
17. Mayonnaise production
18. Glycerine factories and fatty acid production
19. Factories of natural detergents
20. Oil refineries
21. Synthetic detergent factories
G. Enterprises of the perfumery and cosmetics industry
22. Perfume and cosmetic factories
23. Combines of synthetic fragrances
24. Plants of glass containers and aluminum tubes
3. Enterprises of the sugar industry
25. Beet sugar factories
26. Sugar refineries
I. Enterprises of the wine-making, brewing, alcohol, alcoholic beverage and food-acid industries, juices, drinks and fodder yeast
27. Primary wineries
28. Secondary wineries
29. Champagne wineries
30. Cognac factories
31. Grape juice plants
32. Malts
33. Breweries
34. Factories of soft drinks (fruit waters)
35. Mineral water production
36. Production of alcohol from molasses, yeast and carbon dioxide from waste
37. Citric Acid Plants
38. Potato starch plants
39. Corn and starch plants
40. Production of starch syrup
41. Maltose syrup plants
42 Production of crystalline glucose
43 Distilleries on potato grain raw materials
44. Distilleries
K. Tobacco-fermentation production
45. Tobacco-fermentation production
46. General conclusion
47. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the bakery, meat and dairy, fish and food industries
XII. Engineering industry
1. Foundry, machine tool and tool factories and workshops
2. Production of abrasive materials in a piece
3. Production of abrasive abrasives
4. Production of abrasive tools
5. Diamond production
6. Plants of heavy, power and transport engineering
7. Chemical and oil engineering plants
8. Automotive factories
9. Bearing factories
10. Agricultural engineering plants
11. Factories of construction, road and municipal engineering
12. Mechanical engineering plants for light, food, printing industry and household appliances
13. Instrument-making plants
14. Electroplating shops in the GDR
15. Plants for the production of communications equipment
16. Aggregated rates of water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of output in the engineering industry
XIII. Electrical industry
1. Plants of hydrogenerators and large electrical machines
2. Transformer factories
3. Plants of high-voltage and low-voltage equipment
4. Electric welding equipment factories
5. Plants of electrothermal equipment
6. Plants of chemical power sources
7. Plants of electrocoal products
8. Plants for the repair of electric motors and transformers
9. Plants of asynchronous electric motors with a power of up to 100 kW, crane and traction electric motors of direct and alternating current, generators with a power of up to 100 kW, electric motors with a power of 10-100 kW, mobile power plants
10. Capacitor equipment plants
11. Factories of power semiconductor devices and converters
12. Electric lamp factories
13. Plants of lighting equipment
14. Electric locomotive factories
15. Floor transport factories
16. Cable production plants
17. Plants of electrical insulating materials
18. Electrical porcelain factories
19. Aggregated rates of water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of output in the electrical industry
XIV. Electronics industry
1. Plants for the production of electrovacuum devices
2. Production of semiconductor devices and microelectronic products
3. Production of radio components and radio components
4. Manufacture of piezoelectric and ferrite products
5. Manufacture of ceramic and glass products
6. Production of special technological equipment
7. Production of blocks, assemblies of parts and spare parts for electronic industry products
8. Aggregate rates of water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the electronics industry
XV. construction industry
A Enterprises of non-metallic building materials
1. Crushed stone plants
2. Gravel-sand and sand enterprises
3. Stone processing enterprises
4. Production of talc, kaolin, graphite
5. Mica mines and factories
B. Factories of binders and products from them
6. Cement plants
7. Plants of asbestos-cement products and pipes
B. Factories, cellular and silicate concrete, brick and ceramic factories
8. Plants of silicate concrete and silicate brick
9. Plants for clay bricks, ceramic blocks, sanitary ware tiles, ceramic sewer and drainage pipes
D. Sanitary equipment factories
10. Sanitary equipment factories
D. Glass production
11. Glass factories
E. Plants of soft roofing, insulating and polymeric materials
12. Production of roofing paper
13. Production of roofing material
14. Roofing sheet production
15. Production of waterproofing and sealing materials
16. Production of polymeric materials
17. Production of thermal insulation materials based on mineral wool
G. Manufacture of reinforced concrete products
18. Manufacture of reinforced concrete products
19. Production of the construction industry in Czechoslovakia
20. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in the construction industry
XVI. Other Industries A. Film Studios and Film Copiers
1. Movie studios
2. Film copy factories
B. Railway stations and enterprises
3. Railway stations and enterprises
B. Motor transport and auto repair enterprises
4. Motor transport companies
5. Car repair plants
D. Public service enterprises
6. Dry cleaning and dyeing factories
7. Enterprises for the repair of household machines and appliances
8. Enterprises for the repair and manufacture of furniture for individual orders
9. Enterprises for the repair and tailoring of shoes
10. Photography service businesses
11. Enterprises for tailoring and repairing clothes for individual orders
D. Medical industry enterprises
12. Production of drugs, medical equipment and instruments
E. Transportation and storage of oil and oil products
13. Bases of petroleum products
14. Pumping stations and loading points
15. Record factories in Czechoslovakia
16. Aggregated norms for water consumption and the amount of wastewater per unit of production in other industries