What is a pitched roof. What are pitched roofs: forms and internal structure of roofs. Requirements for materials for a pitched roof pie

The final element of the construction of the building is considered a pitched roof. The cosiness and comfort of the future structure depends on how correctly the design is calculated. Pitched roof slopes can range from 10 to 60 degrees. When choosing a slope, take into account the climate, the type of roofing materials used, architectural and economic considerations. In areas with a large amount of precipitation, the slope is made from 45 degrees or more, and in the region with strong and frequent gusts of wind, a small slope is set.

When building houses of a private or country type, pitched roofs are often used. They consist of an inclined surface, their angle of inclination is more than ten degrees. The design can be combined or separate. A separate roof provides for the presence of non-residential premises - an attic. In the combined version, load-bearing elements are used to cover the upper floor.

The slope helps to remove any precipitation from the surface. If ceramic tiles are used for the roof, the slope will have a ratio of 1:2, metal tiles - 1:3. If the slope is 15% or more, the roof is called steep, if up to 15%, then it is called flat. Depending on what the pitched roof consists of, it can be:

• lean-to;
• gable;
• hip;
• multi-forceps;
• broken line;
• domed and conical;
• combined.

shed roof

Such a pitched roof consists of one plane. The outer walls of the house have different heights, this contributes to the formation of a slope during the construction of the truss system. This design is often used to create buildings for household needs. It is easy to build and doesn't cost much. The roof structure may include ondulin, metal tile, metal profile, roofing felt, tile or slate.

Important: A shed roof will last a long time only if the wind constantly blows from its low part. A change in wind direction will make such a design unreliable.

Rainfall does not accumulate on the pitched roof, they flow in one direction, which simplifies the installation of storm sewers. The disadvantage of a shed roof is that there is no attic space, the inability to implement most of the design ideas. This type includes:

• rafter system, which bears the entire load;
• crate serving as a support for roofing material;
• waterproofing and thermal insulation that protects against moisture penetration and retains heat;
• roofing material;
• additional materials that increase strength.

Gable roof

This type is used in the construction of private houses, it consists of slopes, while the load-bearing walls have the same height. Often a gable roof is called a gable roof, as it has a triangular shape. Such a pitched roof is made of:

• rafters;
• Mauerlat;
• crates;
• bearing part;
• horizontal ribs;
• valleys;
• racks;
• overhangs;
• thermal and waterproofing.

In order for the design of the pitched roof to be as stable as possible, braces, struts, and diagonal parts are additionally used. With the help of them, resistance increases, the frame is strengthened. It is most economical to use a pitched roof with an angle of inclination of 35-40 degrees. This value allows you to optimally distribute the total load, but the attic space in this case cannot be used as a living room.

Important to remember: The angle of inclination of the roof affects its resistance to stress, the larger the angle, the stronger the frame should be.

The gable type can be symmetrical, asymmetrical and broken:

1. The first type of pitched roof is quite simple for installation and further maintenance, it allows you to use the attic as an attic due to the creation of an extensive under-roof space.
2. An asymmetrical version of a pitched roof, their design looks somewhat unusual due to the fact that the ridge is not located in the center, but with a certain offset, but the attic space is significantly reduced.
3. The broken variety allows you to increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe under-roof space. In this case, the upper part remains flat, and the lower part is obtained with a sharp slope.

hip roof

It consists of four slopes. The first two are an isosceles trapezoid, while the other two are triangular. When erecting a pitched roof, double tightening and beams are used. The practical shape allows you to quickly get rid of snow and water. The classic version, consisting of a fairly steep slope (about 45 degrees), perfectly protects the house from strong northerly winds.

When constructing a hip structure, it is necessary to install gutters. The design consists of:

• ridge beam - the junction of all faces;
• hips - two triangular slopes that serve as the facade of the house;
• trapezoidal slopes;
• overhangs that protect the surface of the walls from moisture;
• truss system, bearing the weight of the roofing cake, forming the angle of inclination of the slopes;
• roofing;
• drain;
• snow retainers.

Important: The hip roof truss system, in comparison with other types of roofing, has a high level of complexity.

A hip roof can have several types of structures:

1. Dutch. The hips do not reach the lower edge of the eaves. This design is used in the construction of small cottages with wooden floors.
2. Shatrovaya. All four slopes are erected in the same shape and at equal angles. This type is used for large buildings that have a rectangular base.
3. broken line. It has several slopes connected at different angles. This option is considered the most difficult, but thanks to it, the structure turns out to be aesthetically attractive.
4. Danish. Gables are located in the upper part of the short slopes.

Multi-gable roof

In this case, forceps are used. Such a pitched roof is installed on a building that has the shape of a rectangle, a complex polygonal, or a broken shape. The use of space located under the roof, in this case, is possible for a living room. The gable is a kind of continuation of the wall of the house with a triangular top and two slopes at the top. It is not limited by the eaves.

The most common variant of the multi-gable roof is the three-gable or four-gable design. In general, such an architectural structure is characterized by high cost and laborious construction. The design consists of:

• carrier link - Mauerlat;
• puffs, horizontal beams between the walls of the building;
• truss group;
• rib or ridge, a horizontal beam, which is the top of a triangle;
• crossbar, headstock and struts;
• valleys;
• tongs;
• counter-lattices and battens;
• roofing cake.

Each listed structural element can be supplemented with roof elements, they make the structure more durable and durable.

It is important to know: Any window opening, the exit of the chimney and ventilation pipe must be taken into account in advance in the roof structure and marked in a certain way.

When choosing roofing for pitched roofs, give preference to lightweight material, this will help reduce the load on the structure. In order to use the space under the roof without problems in the future, each part should be installed so that they can be closed with decorative finishing materials.

broken roof

This type of roof contains a large number of broken lines. This option is ideal if you need to fit an attic of the required volume into a pitched roof. Many homeowners choose this type because of the unusual shape. The design is such that it significantly reduces the "dead zones". The basis of a broken roof can be a wooden structure, or capital walls.

Important: It is desirable to build a sloping roof on buildings whose width does not exceed six meters, otherwise the strength and reliability of the structure may suffer.

The design consists of:

• upper crown made of profiled timber;
• beams;
• ceiling and wall coverings;
• thermal insulation layer;
• attic floor;
• racks for the attic partition;
• crates;
• rafters;
• roofing material in the form of a corrugated sheet, ondulin, or corrugated board;
• crossbars;
• skate.

Depending on the number of slopes, a sloping roof can be single-slope, gable, three-slope, four-slope. There are also various configurations for the construction of pitched roofs. The parabolic shape is most often used; it is erected on private rectangular buildings.

Domed and conical roof

For the construction of such a structure, curved frame elements are used, and a pitched roof is erected from hard or soft materials. The dome is constructed from special beams, which are then insulated and sheathed. In the center of the structure, it is necessary to install a vertical support column. A ring is attached to it - this is the upper support for the rafters. The lower part of the arch elements is mounted on the Mauerlat. This design is very complex, so it is rarely used for coating.

Important: If a domed and conical roof is used as decoration, then it will only cover part of the house. Therefore, it is important to carefully approach the arrangement of joints with the roof of the main building.

The conical version is applicable for houses with a large number of faces. Here a layered type of truss system is used. A pillar should be located in the central part of the building, this will be the support of the structure. As roofing elements, it is best to use a flat slate sheet, so it will be much easier to fit the docking points.

Combined roof

This type is used in houses with an extension from non-residential premises, when the roof goes from one level to another. The combined version has a complex device technology. For the normal operation of the structure, it is important to conduct heat and waterproofing over one part of the house, and equip a combined roofing pie over the other. The roof covering in this case is a material that is equally suitable for both flat and convex surfaces. Often these are piece materials for pitched roofs in the form of natural tiles, slate, flexible bituminous tiles.

When choosing a type, it is important to immediately understand whether it can cope with the tasks assigned to it. It is important that the roof meets not only the aesthetic requirements of the owner, but also be practical. Remember, the more difficult the chosen form, the more money you will have to spend.

Guarantee for a covering from 20 years!!!

The construction company "GK "Innovation" offers its customers the installation of a pitched roof of any complexity and configuration. The installation of the roof is the final stage of building a house, the roof plays an important role in the operation of the building, so it is worth entrusting the installation of the roofing system to real professionals.

Our specialists have been engaged in roofing work for more than 10 years, which allows us to provide qualified support to our customers from the first contact and give a full guarantee for all work performed.

Pitched roof installation technology

The design of a pitched roof is quite complex and in most cases requires preliminary design by specialists. The efficiency of its use depends on the correct arrangement of such a roof - so successfully it can withstand gusts of wind and the accumulation of precipitation (rainwater and snow). An important advantage of a pitched roof is its attractive appearance, so the choice of the roof shape and materials for its installation should be entrusted to professionals.

Installation of a pitched roof in numbers

Such a traditional type of roof as a pitched roof requires a waterproof and heat-protective roofing pie. Experienced installers of the Innovation Group of Companies carry out the laying of the cake in accordance with all the rules at a fairly fast pace - 400 m² in one work shift.

The installation of a roofing pie will cost 300 rubles / m², and the installation of a roof, depending on the type of material, will cost from 150 rubles / m².

The main advantages of the work of the Innovation Group

• Free departure on measurement and drawing up of the estimate. Our specialist will arrive at the construction site at the request of the client, perform the necessary measurements, answer all the customer’s questions and draw up a full estimate of the work with prices within 24 hours so that you can receive roof installation services as soon as possible.
• Experienced installation team. The device of a pitched roof has many nuances, such work should not be trusted to beginners, and even more so try to do it yourself. Our roofers have an impressive experience in the construction of lathing, truss systems, laying of roofing cake and installation of roof cladding.
• Using the most modern equipment and reliable building materials. In order for a new roof to serve for decades without any repair or replacement of elements, we provide our customers with the highest quality material.
• Guaranteed for all types of work. You do not have to worry about whether the roof structure is securely arranged, whether the roofing pie is laid correctly - our specialists guarantee the high quality and durability of all work, and if the slightest problem arises, they promptly go to the site and eliminate any shortcomings.
• Attentive attitude to the customer. GC "Innovation" treats its customers responsibly - our employees respond to incoming requests in a timely manner, promptly solve problems with the repair and replacement of roofs, perform high-quality installation and offer the most favorable prices for services in Moscow and the Moscow region.
• Low prices for installation and materials. We try to take into account the individual wishes of customers and give the opportunity to save money by offering discounts and favorable terms of cooperation.

Technological advantages of a pitched roof from the Innovation Group

The pitched roof, made of high quality materials, has high practicality characteristics. Fans of attractive, luxurious, well-groomed facades of the building will surely appreciate such a roof - it is easy to choose the material for the pitched roof to match the appearance of the entire building, choosing from a variety of decorative solutions, shapes and colors suitable for the design of the house option. In addition to an interesting appearance, a pitched roof has a lot of functional and practical advantages:

• Convenient flow of water and snow masses due to the impressive angles of inclination of the truss system;
• Use of usable space under a pitched roof for arranging an attic floor or an attic space;
• Simple process of laying roofing;
• Possibility of access to the roof and maintenance of the roof through attic (dormer) windows.

Features of the installation of a pitched roof from the Innovation Group

Our specialists are engaged in the installation of pitched roofs of any type - from piece materials (ceramic tiles), hard sheet materials (profiled sheet, metal tiles, seam roofing, ondulin), soft materials (soft built-up tiles, rolled roofing). It all depends on the preferences of the customer, the design features of the truss system, financial capabilities. A pitched roof made of the most modern materials will last a long time, providing the building with a well-groomed appearance and protection from various external phenomena.

The cost of installing a pitched roof

Price list for pitched roof installation

For a complete list of works with prices for the installation of a pitched roof per m 2, see here -

In the construction of private houses, it is customary to use a pitched roof structure. This approach has many positive aspects. This is the possibility of arranging additional living quarters under the roof, and high-quality removal of precipitation from its surface. But these benefits can be completely canceled if a quality pitched roof is not made. After all, it is the roof that is the shield that protects the roof structure from various atmospheric phenomena and prevents its destruction. To make a reliable pitched roof with your own hands is quite within the power of anyone who knows how to handle a tool, understands the design of the roof, its nodes and materials.

The creation of any building structure will be impossible without an understanding of what elements it consists of and how it is arranged. And the roof of a private house is no exception. In addition, knowing the device of a pitched roof, you can be sure of the correctness of the work performed, which will minimize possible errors or completely eliminate them. In addition, knowledge of the design of a pitched roof will help to perform all the necessary calculations on the materials for its creation.

The main nodes of the pitched roof are as follows:

• truss structure, consisting of Mauerlat, rafters, battens and counter battens;
• an insulating layer consisting of steam, hydro and thermal insulation;
• roof ventilation;
• roofing material.

In the photo above, the entire roof structure is shown in more detail:

The main load-bearing element, on which the entire multi-layer roof pie is fixed, are the rafters. The entire truss structure is erected at the final stage of building the box of the house. The base and at the same time the connection with the walls of the house is the Mauerlat. The rafters are supported and fixed at a certain angle on it. In this case, the truss structure can be for a shed roof, and then the angle of inclination is taken 20 - 30 degrees, for gable and hip roofs, the angle will be 25 - 45 degrees. But for the mansard roof, two angles of inclination will be used: for the lower part 45 - 60 degrees, and for the upper 25 - 35. Wood is usually used as a material for the roof structure, less often metal.

Especially it is necessary to highlight the crate and counter-lattice. Since it is these two elements of the roof structure that are responsible for fastening all layers of the roofing pie, and also provide under-roof ventilation. In this case, the crate can be ordinary and solid. Wooden planks with a section of 50x40 mm or 25x100 mm, or sheets of moisture-resistant plywood, can act as crates. It is customary to use 30x50 mm bars for the counter-lattice. It is the presence of a counter-lattice that allows you to create a ventilation gap between the roofing material and the insulating layer of the roof.

Roof insulation

When arranging a pitched roof, special attention is paid to the creation of an insulating layer. This is due to a number of factors. Firstly, with the help of an insulating cake, the roof structure is protected from moisture. Secondly, high-quality roof insulation includes heat-insulating material, which ensures protection of the roof and interior from temperature changes. Thirdly, a properly designed insulating pie of a pitched roof allows excess moisture to be removed from the interior, which has a positive effect on the climate in the house and ensures the durability of the entire structure.

The following materials are used for thermal insulation: mineral or glass wool, polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, foamed glass, ecowool. It is quite difficult to determine which heat-insulating material from the presented ones is better. Someone prefers polystyrene, someone mineral wool. The choice should be based on the requirements for thermal insulation material. But it is necessary to note the following point. When choosing, pay attention to the vapor permeability of thermal insulation. It depends on this whether moisture will accumulate under the roof, or whether it can freely go outside.

For the vapor and waterproofing layer that protects the thermal insulation, a superdiffusion membrane is used. Its main advantage is the one-way throughput to remove moisture without passing back. To protect against possible leaks, a polyethylene film, roofing material, or the same superdiffusion membrane is laid directly under the roofing material. What exactly will be laid depends on personal preferences and the allocated budget.

Roofing material acts as protection of the insulating cake and rafter structure from various atmospheric phenomena. There are many different roofing materials. All of them are divided into several types: natural tiles, metal tiles, composite tiles, metal seam roofing, roofing slate, wave bitumen sheets, soft and rolled roofing, asbestos-cement sheets, as well as various natural roofs. Each of these types has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be considered when choosing a roofing material.

Requirements for materials and calculation of a pitched roof

As already noted, several groups of different materials are used to create a roof. Let us consider in more detail all the materials necessary to create a roofing pie, and also, using the example of a hip roof, we will perform the calculation of a pitched roof and all the necessary materials. It is worth noting the following: everything related to roofs, requirements and materials for them is regulated by the normative document SNiP II-26-2010. Below we consider only the basic requirements for a pitched roof and its calculation.

Requirements for materials for a pitched roof pie

Due to the fact that the roof of the house protects from various atmospheric phenomena, the requirements for roofing materials are quite strict. Among all the requirements, the following should be highlighted:

• materials must be strong and durable, able to withstand gusts of wind and snow pressure;
• roofing must be waterproof;
• roofing materials should not be afraid of temperature changes;
• roofing must be resistant to various kinds of chemical attack;
• low specific gravity of materials;
• high vapor permeability;
• fire safety and fire resistance of materials;
• good indicators of sound and noise absorption;
• roofing materials should be easy to install and maintain;
• environmental friendliness of materials.

The final choice of roofing depends on the angle of the rafters, as there are slope restrictions for some materials. The table below shows the main roofing materials and the angles of inclination for them.

Table 1.

Unfortunately, materials with ideal performance do not exist. Each has its own shortcomings. But when creating a pitched roof cake, you can choose materials so that they complement each other.

Calculation of pitched roof

Performing calculations for a pitched roof is quite simple. It is enough to recall the school geometry course and know some of the features in the calculations for different types of roofing. Consider, using the example of a hip (four-pitched) roof, the entire calculation algorithm.

First you need to calculate the total area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof. There are no special difficulties here. The hip roof consists of two isosceles trapezoids and two isosceles triangles. Now, using Heron's area formula for a trapezoid and a triangle from a school geometry course, we calculate the total area.

For example, for triangular slopes with sides of 3 m and a base of 4 m, the area will be 4.47 m2. For slopes in the form of a trapezoid with sides of 3 m, a base of 6 m and a top of 4 m, the area will be 14.14 m2. Now, adding up the results obtained and multiplying them by 2, we get the total area of ​​the hip roof of 37.22 m2. The areas for other types of pitched roofs are calculated in a similar way. The only thing worth noting is the need for a 15 - 20% surcharge to the result obtained. This is necessary for two reasons. Firstly, in the process of creating a roof, there may be unforeseen errors, and material replacement will be required. Secondly, many materials will overlap, which will steal part of their total area.

But as already noted, for various types of roofs there are some little tricks that must be taken into account in the calculations. So for a roof made of metal or ceramic tiles, in addition to the roof area, it is necessary to take into account the total length of the ridges, the total length of the ridges and their number, the total length of the overhangs and their number, the total length of the valleys and their number, the total length of the junctions. All this is necessary for the purchase of roofing sheets and related materials.

When calculating a soft roof, one should take into account the appearance of the elements of the soft roof, the method of laying sheets, the useful and full width, overhangs and ridge ceilings, the size of the overlap, as well as the alignment of the pattern, if any.

For calculations of sheet roofing made of slate, corrugated board, copper sheets and galvanized sheets, the dimensions of the sheets, the configuration of the roof, overlaps and interlocks, overlapping of ridges, overhangs, as well as all related materials for fasteners are taken into account.

As for insulating materials, everything is somewhat simpler. For hydro and vapor barriers, the total roof area is used with a 20% surcharge for overlaps. But for thermal insulation, you will have to perform several measurements of the openings between the rafters, since this is where the insulation will fit. But in the case when it is planned to make a double layer of insulation covering the rafters, it is necessary to measure the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe inner part of the roof.

Separately, it is necessary to allocate materials for the crate. As already noted, the crate itself can be both solid and ordinary. For solid, either wide boards or moisture-resistant plywood are used. The calculation of their number is based on the total area of ​​the roof. But for ordinary battens and counter battens, everything is somewhat different. The calculation is based on the number of rows multiplied by the length of the roof. The step for it is selected based on the slope of the roof, as well as the material used for the roof. The table below shows the relationship between the pitch of the batten and the slope of the roof.

As for the selection of the crate step, then everything is quite simple. Under materials such as corrugated board, ceramic tiles or slate, the step of the crate is taken such that the sheets lie on the crate with their edges.

Pitched roof installation

The arrangement of a pitched roof is carried out in several stages: the creation of a crate, steam and waterproofing of the roof, the laying of heat-insulating material, the creation of a counter-lattice and the laying of the roofing. Most jobs do not require any special skills or abilities. Only laying roofing may require specialized knowledge and skills. The whole process of creating a roof, depending on the materials used, will require the coordinated work of two or three people. If roofing work is performed by you for the first time, then the presence and assistance of a specialist will not be superfluous.

Moisture protection for a multi-layer roofing cake is of paramount importance. This is especially true for the thermal insulation layer. Therefore, the first thing we begin with the arrangement of the roof is waterproofing. All work is carried out after the installation of the rafters. The insulation material itself, namely the superdiffusion membrane, can be laid in two ways. The first - the material is laid over the rafters, the second - it is fixed on the inside of the rafters. It is preferable to choose the first one, since in this case the rafters will also be protected from moisture.

When laying a superdiffusion membrane, care must be taken to ensure that it sags slightly between the rafters. This will protect it from damage during severe frosts, due to which the material becomes brittle and can tear from strong tension.

The membrane itself has a width of 1.5 m, therefore, in the process of its laying, the edges of the canvases are overlapped, and for a reliable connection they are glued with adhesive tape. In this case, the flooring is carried out along the roof, starting from the bottom. Thus, each next canvas will overlap the previous one, and moisture will simply roll off without getting inside. It is mandatory to lay one canvas along the ridge to create a solid protection against moisture. The fixing of the membrane is carried out with the help of an ordinary crate stuffed on top.

Important! As already noted, when creating a pitched roof cake, several layers of waterproofing are laid. The one described above is the main one, all the rest only supplement it.

Pitched roof insulation

After laying and fixing the superdiffusion membrane, we proceed to laying the thermal insulation for the pitched roof. There are no special difficulties in the works themselves. Depending on the insulation you choose, it is laid between the rafters from the inside of the roof.

In doing so, several important points should be noted. First, the material must fit snugly into the space between the rafters. Therefore, such heaters as mineral or glass wool are cut in such a way that the mats are 5 - 10 mm larger. Then the material will enter tightly, will not hump and there will be no gaps. Secondly, if polystyrene foam or extruded polystyrene foam, foamed glass was chosen, the plates are cut end-to-end. Again, so that they fit tightly, leaving no gaps. A layer of vapor barrier membrane is laid over the wool. The fixation of the heat insulator and the membrane is carried out with the help of lathing laths stuffed over them.

But if cotton wool is quite soft and can be easily deformed, then certain difficulties may arise with solid materials. Often, when using such heat-insulating materials, small gaps remain between the rafters and the insulation itself, which are cold bridges. To eliminate this drawback, another one is laid on top of the already laid layer of thermal insulation. But this method is quite expensive. Therefore, when using insulation such as polystyrene or EPS, a layer of thermal insulation is laid on top of the rafters.

Roofing installation

The final step in creating a pitched roof is laying the roofing material. Depending on the material, laying is carried out in various ways. The work itself begins with stuffing the counter-lattice. In doing so, the following should be noted. For soft roofing materials, the counter-lattice is the basis and therefore it will be continuous. For solid roofing materials such as slate, shingles or metal sheets, the counter battens are made of slats. Consider, using the example of laying bituminous tiles and slate, how roofing material is laid for a pitched roof.

The laying of bituminous tiles, like the laying of most soft roofing materials, is carried out as follows. Starting from the bottom of the roof, a layer of roofing felt waterproofing is laid on a continuous crate. The rolls are rolled out along the roof and fixed with special roofing nails. Then the tile itself is laid on top of the roofing material. All work is done from the bottom up. Sheets of tiles are overlapped to each other and fixed with the same nails for the roof. At the same time, it is necessary to monitor compliance with the drawing so that there are no distortions and empty spaces. Ridges, ridges and roof valleys are closed last, thus creating an integral roof covering.

Creating a pitched roof from slate is fundamentally different from the roof of their soft materials. First of all, this concerns the counter-lattice. For it, bars are used that are stuffed over the crate, thereby forming a gap for ventilation. In addition, a crutch is stuffed at the base of the overhang, on which the slate will rest. The laying of slate itself is carried out with one or two assistants, since the sheets are quite heavy. All installation work is as follows. Lifting up one or more sheets, they are laid out along the lower edge of the roof. Each sheet overlaps the previous one. Then they are nailed to the crate using special nails with a wide hat. The next rows of slate are laid on top of the previous one with an overlap and immediately nailed to the crate. The work is quite dangerous, as it requires a certain skill and physical preparation. The ridge run, ridges and valleys are closed last. For them, metal corner ebbs or corner slates are used.

Work on the creation of a pitched roof can only at first glance seem like a simple task. But for those who have never done it, its arrangement will be a serious test. In addition, any beginner is not immune from mistakes that are not acceptable for roofing. The best way out in such a situation would be the help of professional roofers who can help both with advice and deed.

Roof installation is the final stage of building a house, so it is important to approach this issue responsibly. If you contact our company, which has been installing pitched roofs in Moscow for many years, the end result will exceed all your expectations.

About what a pitched roof is and why it is recommended to perform its installation will be discussed in this article.

So, a pitched roof is a structure consisting of one or more planes, having an angle of inclination, the definition of which is based on:

• the location of the house and the wind loads exerted on it;
• annual rainfall (determined depending on the climatic region).

Prices for all types of installation work on the roof are presented on the page "".

Important! When determining the angle of inclination at which the pitched roof will be installed, the type of roofing material used should be taken into account.

In the production of roofing materials, manufacturers indicate the recommended angle of inclination for a particular coating. Pitched roofs can be made with attic space (split roof) and without it (combined). The choice will depend on the main purpose of the premises, as well as its number of storeys, we note that the first option is in great demand in Moscow. Depending on the option chosen, the cost of the device, as well as the price of repairing a pitched roof, will change, how much and in which direction it will, among other things, depend on the type of roofing material. For example, repairing a pitched roof made of slate will cost less than a profiled sheet, but it may need to be done much more often.

Types and types of roofing system

During the construction of cottages and private houses, our company can offer the installation of a pitched roof from a profiled sheet or other roofing material at the client's choice.

Note that the considered version of the roof differs in the following types:

• conical or domed (used in the construction of houses of complex cylindrical shape);
• attic or broken line (slopes are performed by a broken line);
• gable (the design consists of two slopes, which are interconnected by a cornice);
• hip (consists of two triangular and trapezoidal slopes);
• lean-to (one side of the structure rests on the truss system, and the other on the load-bearing wall).

Depending on the option chosen, the cost of installation, as well as the price of repairing a pitched roof, a service that can also be ordered by contacting Roof Technology LLC, will change somewhat.

How to choose the right type of pitched roof

By contacting our company, there will be no difficulties with solving this issue - professionals will select the most profitable option, taking into account all the requirements and standard norms. At the same time, you will be able to find out the prices for the installation of a pitched roof of a particular type, and also based on what the price is formed. What is important to consider when choosing the type of roof?

Slope slope. It is recommended to carry out the installation of pitched roofs from a profiled sheet at an angle of inclination up to 50 degrees, in this case in winter, during snowfalls, snow will not linger on the roof surface, as a result of which there will be no extra load on the truss system. In this case, when carrying out construction activities, it is permissible to use material for the construction of rafter legs of a smaller section. For a roof with a slope angle of 2 degrees, the cross section of the material will need to be increased. Note that depending on the material chosen, the price of installing a pitched roof will vary somewhat.

Requirements for durability and reliability. The roof must be fire resistant, durable and have an increased load-bearing capacity. Our company, regardless of whether work is performed in Moscow or the Moscow region, uses only the highest quality consumables, which are necessarily treated with protective paints, antiseptic compounds, and fire-resistant solutions.

When performing the installation of the roof, it is insulated, a variety of materials can be used, which not only affects the final price of installing a pitched roof, but also the choice of consumables for the construction of the truss system. Why? Depending on the type of heat-insulating material, an additional load will be placed on the roof structure, in this case it is important to choose the right section of the material that will be used when making the crate.

Only after the issues have been resolved with the choice of the type of roof, the angle of inclination and other points, can we begin to begin the main part of the work.

What will determine the cost of installing a pitched roof

It is impossible to say unequivocally how much the work will cost, since everything here depends on the individual requirements of the client and the chosen roof structure. In addition, the cost and type of roofing material used will be somewhat affected. On our website, prices for the installation of a pitched roof, as well as for its repair, are detailed.

Note that the cost of installing a pitched roof using a profiled sheet as a roofing material will cost an order of magnitude more expensive than, for example, if you use ordinary slate. Everything here is explained by the merits and advantages of the first, which is able to serve properly and reliably, without requiring additional attention for many years. By the way, today it is this material that is most popular in Moscow, since after its installation it is not required to carry out repairs of pitched roofs in the next few years. Now a little about how to properly install a profiled sheet.

So, using this roofing material, and regardless of whether the pitched roof is being installed or repaired, the laying should begin from below with an overlap in one wave. Note that a roofing profiled sheet with a colored polymer coating or a regular galvanized one can be used.

Cooperating with our company, the installation of pitched roofs in Moscow of any complexity will be completed in record time, with high quality and in compliance with basic technologies and modern requirements.

The roof is one of the main components of any structure. It serves not only to protect against atmospheric precipitation and thermal insulation, but also to give the building a complete shape. Currently, the technology of roofing depends on its type (flat, pitched), materials and equipment used.

The minimum angle of inclination of a metal roof should be 14 degrees.

flat roof

The traditional arrangement of layers in a flat roof structure.

This type of roof is widely used both in the arrangement of residential and industrial buildings. It is good because it has simple installation, affordable cost and additional usable area that can be used for arranging a cafe, sports ground, parking lot, growing green spaces, etc. The drain is usually inside the house, and the edge is outlined by a parapet. Roof slope up to 3% to ensure better drainage of rain and melt water.

There are two ways to build a flat roof base: concrete floor (monolith or concrete slabs) and beam (as with a pitched structure, but with a minimum angle of inclination).

The concrete floor must be insulated with stone wool or foam sheets that are laid over the base of the roof. The next layer is a reinforcing screed. The construction is completed with a waterproofing coating.

This type of flat roof is very reliable and durable, it can be used as a terrace, but the disadvantage is a lot of weight, which implies a strong foundation and strong load-bearing walls of the building.

The beam method of erecting flat roofs has rafters (wooden beams or metal I-beams) at the base, and plywood or OSB flooring on top. Insulation is placed between the beams.

Compared to a concrete roof, a beamed roof is less durable and can sag over time, leading to roof deformation.

Waterproofing coating for flat roofs

The structure of the waterproofing of a flat roof on a concrete floor.

Among the varieties of waterproofing coating of a flat roof, a membrane system can be distinguished. PVC membrane is made from plasticized polyvinyl chloride and a number of other components that reduce the flammability of the material, protect it from ultraviolet radiation and oxidation at high ambient temperatures. It consists of two layers: the top contains dyes that give it a light color that reflects the sun's rays, as well as fire retardants, stabilizers, plasticizers and filler. The bottom layer is darker, free of flame retardants and stabilizers. To make the membrane stronger, it is reinforced with fiberglass or polyester mesh.

To cover the roof with a PVC membrane, the following tools and equipment are used:

1. Welding machine for joining the seams of panels.
2. Manual welding dryer (used when welding membrane joints in hard-to-reach places, at junctions).
3. An electric drill, if you need to screw in screws or other fasteners to secure the membrane.
4. Perforator (for mechanical fastening of the membrane, if the base of the roof is a cement-sand screed).
5. A construction gun used to mount the membrane in conditions of work at height from ropes or scaffolding, since in this case it is not practical to work with a perforator.
6. Electrical extension cords for welding machine.
7. Consumables and auxiliary materials (construction knife, gloves, screwdriver, etc.).

The technology of fixing the PVC membrane can be carried out in several ways: heat-welded, adhesive, ballast and mechanical.

The heat-welded method of connecting the canvases is carried out using a welding machine, which gives out a stream of air with heating of 400-600 degrees. The recommended width of a welding seam is from 20 to 100 mm.

Advantages: high-quality sealed roof surface, UV rays do not affect the welds.

Disadvantages: the complexity of the process, which should be trusted only to specialists.

Glue fixing of PVC membranes is used in cases where other methods are unacceptable for some reason.

Special adhesive mixtures are used, which are applied to the canvas. To save money, it is possible to make a connection with an adhesive composition only in the most key places (the perimeter of the roof, the places where the membrane adjoins chimneys, intra-house storm drains and other protruding places).

The roofing membrane used as waterproofing is reliably protected from ultraviolet radiation, high and low temperatures by gravel ballast.

Advantages: adhesive technology for mounting PVC membranes is good for roofs with a complex structure.

Disadvantages: the likelihood of a poorly glued seam, the high cost of the adhesive mixture.

The ballast type of installation of PVC membrane sheets is the easiest, it is acceptable with a roof slope of up to 15 degrees. The fastening technology consists of the following steps:

1. Uniform laying of membranes on the roof surface, fastening along the perimeter at the junction with vertical elements by welding or glue.
2. Laying ballast (crushed stone, gravel or pebbles of medium fraction) weighing from 50 kg / m 2.
3. Protection of the membrane material with mats or non-woven fabric from mechanical damage (the action is performed before the ballast embankment, if it has sharp edges).

Advantages: simple and economical installation.

Disadvantages: The roof must be strong to support the weight of the ballast.

The technology of mechanical installation of the membrane involves attaching the sheets to the base of the roof with fasteners - self-tapping screws with a plastic umbrella. They are screwed in in the areas where one membrane web overlaps another with a step of 200 mm. Along the perimeter of the roof, the membrane is attached to the protruding elements with edge rails.

pitched roof

The most popular solution for building a roof is a gable roof, which has no attic space heating.

The name itself suggests that the roof has a slope (with a minimum angle of 10 o). The value of the angle depends on the architectural design of the building, the roofing material and the amount of snowfall in the built-up area.

Classification:

1. Shed - one slope between parallel walls.
2. Gable - two rectangular slopes that have a common connection.
3. Four-slope (hipped, hip) - four triangular slopes connected by vertices at one point or two trapezoidal and two triangular parallel to each other.
4. Broken (mansard), conical and other complex structures.

Pitched roofs can be made in two versions: with a warm or cold attic. The base of the device (bearing structure) consists of rafters (wood or metal) or reinforced concrete slabs.

The construction of a gable roof: rafter legs, puff, run, rack, bed, Mauerlat.

The main element of a pitched wooden or metal-wooden roof is the truss system. It is calculated from the weight of the roofing material, the load of precipitation and wind.

Rafter. Rafters can be layered or hanging. Basically, wooden rafters from softwood timber are used, because. they are easier to process than reinforced concrete or metal.

Mauerlat. The beam on which the legs of the rafters rest is called Mauerlat. It serves as a support and is mounted along the entire length of the building. A waterproofing layer is laid between the Mauerlat and the inner surface of the walls.

In order for the roof of the building to have high resistance to wind load, the mauerlat and rafters must be well fastened to the walls with anchors and metal corners.

Runs. Mounted parallel to the Mauerlat. There are ridge (connect the ends of the rafter legs) and side (mounted in the middle of the rafters).

Racks. Wooden beams located perpendicular to the ridge of a pitched roof. They are support for the rafter legs and transfer the weight to the puff.

Puff. A bar installed perpendicular to the Mauerlat along the base of the truss system device. Serves to increase rigidity.

Sill. It is an additional stiffener and is installed if the rafters are installed simultaneously on two spans.

Struts. Another component of the rafter system to increase its rigidity. Can be transverse and longitudinal.

Crate. Boards or bars that are laid across the rafters are called crates. The roof covering is attached to the crate.

The device of a pitched roof made of reinforced concrete slabs consists of individual elements that are manufactured at the factory and assembled into a single whole at the construction site. Basically, this type of roof is used in the construction of industrial buildings.

Classification of roofs by type of roofing materials

Soft bitumen roof

Materials that serve as a protective and decorative coating, called "soft roofing", are in high consumer demand due to a wide choice of colors, light weight, flexibility, resistance to atmospheric precipitation, although the cost of such a coating is quite high. These include bituminous tiles, roll materials (polymer, bituminous), roofing material, membranes. Service life of at least 20 years.

Types of hard roofs

The materials of a rigid pitched roof include various types of metals (steel, copper, aluminum), mineral materials (tiles, slate, slate tiles), wood (tes, shavings, shingles).

Regardless of which roofing device you choose, it is necessary to competently and efficiently approach each stage of construction: from the drawing to the final. Each mounting technology has its own advantages and disadvantages, but as a result, its correct application will give a good result for many years.