Masonry mortar m50. Solution M50. High delivery speed

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Cement-sand mixture is used as a dry component for the preparation of a mortar mixture intended for work during the installation of foundations from prefabricated elements, the construction of buildings and structures from piece material (brick, concrete blocks, etc.), as well as for the primary leveling of floors (cement screeds).

SOLUTION PREPARATION:

The mortar mixture is prepared at the construction site by mixing the dry mixture with clean water at room temperature (30 kg of dry mixture requires 4.0 - 5.0 liters of water, 50 kg - 6.5-7.0 liters of water). The mixing of the mixture with water is carried out until a homogeneous mass is obtained over the entire volume of the mixture manually or using a low-speed mixer. The mortar mixture after mixing should be kept for 5 - 7 minutes, and then mixed again for 30 seconds. The mortar mixture is ready for use if it is homogeneous and plastic. Usage time - 2 hours.

WORK PROCEDURE:

The mortar mixture is applied to the building element and leveled over the entire surface with a trowel, then the next element is placed on the freshly laid mortar and pressed tightly. The solution is applied to the surface with a layer of 0.8 - 2 cm.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Cement-sand mixture M 50 produced by Magma LLC has the following results of certification tests according to

TU 5745-00186214064-2008

Over the past decades, the use of cement-lime mixtures in construction and decoration has remained at the same level. But this is not due to a lack of new materials and technologies, but only because this composition meets all modern requirements for building materials. Cement-lime mortar remains relevant and in demand.

Main advantages

Cement-lime mortar is a durable and plastic material that is excellent as a binder in construction and for finishing work.

• It can be used as a masonry mortar or plastering material. In the form of a masonry mixture, it reliably connects blocks or bricks used in construction. As a plaster, it can be used for interior and exterior finishing work.
• It is excellent for pouring monolithic floors, due to its characteristics. Lime, which is part of the solution, increases the period of its solidification. The increase in the hardening time and the viscosity of the composition help to avoid the formation of cracks, help to more evenly distribute the putty over the surface.

penetrating power

Cement mortar with lime has a high degree of adhesion to the surface. It is able to easily fill small cracks and depressions, which increases the adhesion strength to any materials to which it is applied.

Such a solution is characterized by a high degree of adhesion, so it can be used even when working with wood. Plaster on shingles (wooden crates) is made with just such a solution.

The increased characteristics of strength, elasticity and moisture resistance make it possible to use the mixture for any interior finishing work, even with high humidity, since dampness and precipitation do not destroy the finished coating. The solution can be used, for example, for finishing work in bathrooms, on facades or on foundations, even in the part where it is directly adjacent to the blind area and, as a result, is exposed to moisture.

Specifications

The composition of such a solution necessarily includes cement, sand, slaked lime and water. It is worth paying attention to the fact that you need to add slaked lime. Otherwise, the quenching reaction will begin in the solution itself when water is added, and the bubbles, formed already inside the solution, will lead to cracking of the plastered surface. This blistering process will result in poor mortar quality and brittleness after it dries.

Thanks to the lime that is part of the material, pathogenic bacteria and fungi do not develop on it, in addition, lime prevents the penetration of rodents and various pests into the dwelling.

Building mixtures, their composition and properties are regulated by various GOSTs. This is necessary for the standardization and regulation of norms in construction. GOST 28013-98 is the main regulatory legal act regulating the technical requirements for mortars and materials included in the composition.

This standard also includes characteristics of quality indicators, acceptance rules and conditions for transporting ready-made solutions. It contains the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of masonry mortars, materials for plastering and for interior work, used in various operating conditions.

Properties

The main properties of cement-lime mortars:

• mobility;
• the ability of the solution to retain water should be from 90%;
• the stratification of the prepared mixture should be up to 10%;
• application temperature up to 0 degrees;
• average density;
• humidity (this parameter applies only to dry mortar mixes).

The composition of the mixture is selected depending on the type of material on which it will be applied, and on the conditions for further operation of the finished coating.

There is such a thing as the fat content of the finished mixture. Fat content depends on the amount of astringent included in the composition.

Cement-lime mortars are divided into three categories of fat content.

• Normal- these are solutions with such plasticity, which is most universally suitable for use in various conditions. Solutions with such a fat content do not shrink and, as a result, crack the finished coating.
• Skinny- These are solutions with minimal shrinkage. They are ideal for tiling work.
• fatty- these are mixtures with a high degree of plasticity, which is due to the large number of binders that make up the composition. This material is best used for masonry work.

The fat content category can be adjusted by adding components to the composition that can change the plasticity of the solution. For example, porous sand reduces fat content, while lime, on the contrary, can increase it.

Thus, it is easy to adjust the plasticity of the finished solution and adjust its properties to specific operating conditions.

Density and grades

The components that make up the cement-lime mortar have a direct effect on its density. The ratio of these components also plays an important role.

As a result, solutions of the following types can be distinguished:

• low density or light - up to 1500 kg / m³;
• high density or heavy - from 1500 kg / m³.

Also, solutions according to the ratio of components are divided into grades from M4 to M200 according to GOST 28013-98. For example, mortars of the M100 and M75 brands are best suited for masonry. They are characterized by high rates of moisture resistance and strength. The components that make up these materials are more homogeneous, since, unlike concrete of similar grades, they do not include crushed stone.

Ready mortar grade 100 or grade 75 is suitable for the construction of civil and industrial facilities. To prepare solutions of these grades, it is necessary to mix cement, lime and sand in a certain proportion. So, for mortar M100 when using cement brand 500, the proportions will be 1: 0.5: 5.5. And for the M75 mortar using a similar brand of cement, the proportions will already be different - 1: 0.8: 7.

For plastering, mortars M50 and M25 are very popular. They have such indisputable advantages as cheapness and ease of preparation.

Solutions of brand 50 and brand 25 can be used when the humidity in the room is above 75%. This allows them to be used in the construction of baths and other premises where high humidity persists for a long time. Also, the lime included in the composition prevents the formation of any type of fungus on the plastered surface, which, of course, is an advantage of such a coating.

Diversity

Plaster mixtures can be divided into several types.

• Basic- are used for initial, rough leveling of the surface and sealing large flaws and holes;
• Decorative- such options may contain decorative additives, such as pigment for coloring, crushed mica to create a shimmering effect, plasticizing and hydrophobic additives;
• Special- are used to improve the technical properties of the treated room, they can serve for moisture protection, soundproofing and heat-insulating tasks.

Dry mix or do-it-yourself composition?

The undeniable advantage of this material is its cost. It is significantly cheaper than a similar cement-sand mortar. The benefit is due to economical consumption when applied to various surfaces in comparison with analogues. The sandy solution is less plastic due to the disparate fraction of sand and the absence of a plasticizer. It has less adhesion and is worse distributed over the surface.

Cement-lime mortar can be purchased as a dry mix from various manufacturers, or you can make your own. Now there is a wide choice of manufacturers of ready-made mixtures with their own characteristics and applications.

You should pay special attention to the markings on the packaging in order to choose the optimal mixture suitable for the type of work you need.

To use such a mixture, add water in accordance with the instructions on the package, mix thoroughly to acquire a uniform texture. For these purposes, you can use a construction mixer or, in the old fashioned way, knead the composition with a trowel and a shovel.

In the event that you decide to make the mixture yourself, then this is not difficult to do. It is enough to purchase all the necessary ingredients (cement, lime, sand) and mix them in the proportion of the appropriate brand that you want to get.

When making a cement-lime mortar, it is necessary to add hydrated lime, but if you only have quicklime available, you can extinguish it yourself.

GOST 28013-98

Group G13

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS

General specifications

General specifications

ISS 91.100.10
OKSTU 5870

Introduction date 1999-07-01

Foreword

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko), Research, Design and Technological Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete ( NIIZhB), with the participation of CJSC "Pilot Plant of Dry Mixes" and JSC "Roskonitstroy" of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (ISTCS) on November 12, 1998

voted to accept

3 INSTEAD OF GOST 28013-89

4 INTRODUCED from July 1, 1999 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia of November 29, 1998 N 30

5 EDITION (July 2018), with Amendment No. 1 (IUS 11-2002)


Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also posted in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet (www.gost.ru)

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to mortars based on mineral binders used for masonry and installation of building structures during the construction of buildings and structures, fastening of facing products, plaster.

The standard does not apply to special mortars (heat-resistant, chemically resistant, fire-resistant, heat and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, straining, etc.).

The requirements set out in 4.3-4.13, 4.14.2-4.14.14, sections 5-7, appendices C and D of this standard are mandatory.

2 Normative references

The normative documents used in this standard are given in Appendix A.

3 Classification

3.1 Mortars are classified according to:

- main purpose;

- used binder;

- medium density.

3.1.1 According to the main purpose, solutions are divided into:

- masonry (including for installation works);

- facing;

- plastering.

3.1.2 According to the binder used, the solutions are divided into:

- simple (on a binder of the same type);

- complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 According to the average density, the solutions are divided into:

- heavy;

- lungs.

3.2 The reference designation of the mortar when ordering should consist of an abbreviated designation indicating the degree of readiness (for dry mortar mixes), purpose, type of binder used, grades for strength and mobility, average density (for light mortars) and the designation of this standard.

An example of a symbol for a heavy mortar, ready for use, masonry, on a lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - P2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, P2, GOST 28013-98 .

For a dry mortar mixture, light, plaster, cement binder, strength grade M50 and mobility - P3, medium density D900:

Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, P3, D900, GOST 28013-98 .

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Properties of mortars include properties of mortar mixtures and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 Basic properties of mortar mixtures:

- mobility;

- water holding capacity;

- stratification;

- application temperature;

- average density;

- humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

4.2.2 Main properties of the hardened mortar:

- compressive strength;

- frost resistance;

- average density.

If necessary, additional indicators can be set in accordance with GOST 4.233.

4.3 Depending on the mobility, mortar mixtures are subdivided in accordance with table 1.


Table 1

4.4 Water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures should be at least 90%, clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.

4.5 The delamination of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.

4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash of more than 20% by weight of cement.

4.7 The temperature of mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:

a) masonry mortars for outdoor work - in accordance with the instructions in table 2;

b) facing mortars for cladding with glazed tiles at a minimum outdoor temperature, °C, not less than:

c) plaster mortars at a minimum outdoor temperature, °C, not less than:

table 2

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.

4.9 Normalized indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar must be provided at the design age.

For the design age of the mortar, unless otherwise specified in the project documentation, 28 days should be taken for mortars on all types of binders, except for gypsum and gypsum-containing ones.

The design age of mortars on gypsum and gypsum-containing binders is 7 days.

(Changed edition, Rev. N 1).

4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of solutions.

4.11 Frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.

For solutions, the following frost resistance grades are established: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.

For solutions of grades for compressive strength M4 and M10, as well as for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned and not controlled.

4.12 The average density, , of hardened solutions at the design age should be, kg/m:

The normalized value of the average density of the solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.

4.13 Deviation of the average density of the solution in the direction of increase is allowed no more than 10% of the one established by the project.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.

4.14.2 The following should be used as binders:

- gypsum binders according to GOST 125;

- building lime according to GOST 9179;

- Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;

- pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;

- cements for mortars according to GOST 25328;

- clay according to Appendix B;

- others, including mixed binders, according to regulatory documents for a specific type of binders.

4.14.3 Binder materials for the preparation of solutions should be selected depending on their purpose, type of structures and conditions of their operation.

4.14.4 The consumption of cement per 1 m of sand in mortars based on cement and cement-containing binders must be at least 100 kg, and for masonry mortars, depending on the type of structures and their operating conditions, not less than that given in Appendix D.

4.14.6 Lime binder is used in the form of hydrated lime (fluff), lime paste, lime milk.

The milk of lime must have a density of at least 1200 kg/m3 and contain at least 30% lime by weight.

Lime binder for plastering and facing mortars must not contain unextinguished lime particles.

The lime paste must have a temperature of at least 5°C.

4.14.7 The following should be used as a placeholder:

- sand for construction works in accordance with GOST 8736;

- fly ash according to GOST 25818;

- ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;

- porous sands according to GOST 25820;

- sand from slags of thermal power plants according to GOST 26644;

- sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete according to GOST 5578.

4.14.8 The largest aggregate grain size should be, mm, not more than:

4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °С, when using:

4.14.11 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values ​​depending on the field of application of mortar mixtures in accordance with GOST 30108.

4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.

Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of a water-soluble powder or granules.

4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.

4.14.14 Bulk raw materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.

Dosing error should not exceed ± 1% for binders, water and additives, ± 2% aggregates.

For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m/h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Marking, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixtures are packed in polyethylene film bags according to GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags according to GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.

4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixes should be marked on each package. The marking must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible ink.

4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a quality document.

The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mix with a label or marking applied to the package, and the ready-to-use mortar released into the vehicle with a quality document, which should contain the following data:

- name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;

- symbol of the mortar according to 3.2;

- the class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value ;

- brand for compressive strength;

- mark on mobility (P);

- the volume of water required for the preparation of the mortar mixture, l / kg (for dry mortar mixtures);

- the type and amount of the added additive (% of the mass of the binder);

- shelf life (for dry mortar mixes), months;

- mass (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;

- the amount of the mixture (for mortar mixtures ready for use), m;

- date of preparation;

- application temperature, °С;

- designation of this standard.

If necessary, the marking and the quality document may contain additional data.

The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer's official responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control.

5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are accepted in batches by carrying out acceptance and periodic control.

A batch of a mortar mixture and a solution is taken as the amount of a mixture of one nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared according to a single technology.

The volume of the batch is set in agreement with the consumer - not less than the output of one shift, but not more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.

5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.

5.4 When accepting each batch, at least five point samples are taken from the mortar mixture.

5.4.1 Incremental samples are taken at the place of preparation of the mortar mixture and / or at the place of its application from several batches or places of the container into which the mixture is loaded. Tank sampling points should be located at different depths. With a continuous supply of the mortar mixture, point samples are taken at unequal time intervals for 5-10 minutes.

5.4.2 After sampling, point samples are combined into a general sample, the mass of which should be sufficient to determine all controlled indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures and solutions. The sample taken is thoroughly mixed before testing (with the exception of mixtures containing air-entraining additives).

Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.

5.4.3 Testing of the ready-to-use mortar mixture should begin during the period of maintaining the normalized mobility.

5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is controlled at least once per shift at the manufacturer after unloading the mixture from the mixer.

The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.

The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.

The normalized technological indicators of the quality of the mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, stratification, water-holding capacity), and the frost resistance of the mortar are controlled in time as agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial materials, composition of the solution and technology of its preparation.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to the quality documents issued by the enterprises - suppliers of these materials.

In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides of materials according to GOST 30108 once a year, as well as at each change of supplier.

5.7 Mortar mixtures ready for use are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring tank.

Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed in at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.

5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.

5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, at his request, of the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and in case of non-confirmation of the normalized indicator, inform the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Mortar samples are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards and specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined in terms of the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars in accordance with GOST 30459.

6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined by a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications for additives of specific types.

6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of air involved in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transport

7.1.1 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles specially designed for their transportation.

With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (buckets) is allowed.

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures should exclude the loss of astringent dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packed dry mortar mixes are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Mortar mixtures delivered to the construction site, ready for use, must be reloaded into mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are preserved.

7.2.2 Packed mortar dry mixes are stored in covered dry rooms.

Bags with a dry mix should be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.

At the end of the shelf life, the mixture should be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. In case of compliance, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A (informative). List of regulatory documents

APPENDIX A
(reference)

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Building solutions. Nomenclature of indicators

GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications

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GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determination of potassium and sodium oxides

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GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications

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GOST 21216-2014

GOST 21216-2014 Clay raw materials. Test Methods

GOST 22266-2013 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications

GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortar. Specifications

GOST 24211-2008 Additives for concrete and mortars. General specifications

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SNiP II-3-79* Construction heat engineering

APPENDIX B (recommended). The mobility of the mortar mixture at the site of application, depending on the purpose of the solution

Table B.1

APPENDIX B (mandatory). Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

APPENDIX B
(mandatory)

These technical requirements apply to clay intended for the preparation of mortars.

B.1 Clay specifications

B.1.3 The content of chemical components from the mass of dry clay should not be more than,%:

- sulfates and sulfides in terms of - 1;

- sulfide sulfur in terms of - 0.3;

- mica - 3;

- soluble salts (causing efflorescence and efflorescence):

the amount of iron oxides - 14;

the sum of potassium and sodium oxides is 7.

B.1.4 Clay shall not contain organic impurities in quantities that give a dark color.

B.2 Test methods for clay

B.2.1 The granulometric composition of clay is determined according to GOST 21216.2 and GOST 21216.12. B.2.4 The mica content is determined by the petrographic method according to

Operating conditions of enclosing structures, humidity conditions of premises according to SNiP II-3-79*

Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar per 1 m of dry sand, kg

Under dry and normal room conditions

In humid conditions

In wet conditions

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M.: Standartinform, 2018