The most profitable heating of a private house. What is the cheapest way to heat a private house? Electric home heating system

For any residential building, whether it is a large apartment building or a private household with one or two floors, an important issue is the organization of the most efficient heating system. There are quite a lot of existing options to solve this problem, but not all of them can be used in a particular case. For example, it is sometimes impossible to connect a house to gas. Also, it is not always possible for the owners to stock up on the right amount of energy for liquid and solid fuel boilers. In such cases, the most optimal and economical option is electric heating of the house.

Choosing the best option

The times when private houses were heated only with the help of a wood-burning stove have already sunk into oblivion. Currently existing materials and technologies allow owners to choose any of the many ways to create and maintain a comfortable temperature in a residential building. However, almost unanimously, experts say that the most acceptable option in this case will be electric heating of the house, which in the future, no doubt, will become the highest priority. After all, it is known that the reserves of natural resources are not at all unlimited. Sooner or later, but there will come a time when you have to completely abandon them, switching to electricity. After all, it is the cleanest energy source.

Judging by the reviews, electric home heating has an impressive list of undeniable advantages. In addition, often it is simply the only available way to heat the building.

Already at the stage of developing an electric heating system project, it becomes obvious that this method of creating a comfortable temperature in the house during the cold season is the most economical and cheapest. And this despite the fact that the speed of installation of electrical equipment is much higher than that which distinguishes the laying and installation of heating circuits of other types. In some cases, the cost-effectiveness of the decision made is a decisive factor for the owners. Electric home heating will be the most profitable option, even despite the constant rise in prices for this type of energy carrier. After all, the latest technologies currently existing offer the use of high efficiency.

Benefits of heating from a socket

Electric heating of the house has undoubted advantages. They consist in:

1. Simplicity and ease of installation. Do-it-yourself installation does not require special knowledge and expensive tools. The equipment required for installation is small in size. Its installation is carried out quickly and at low cost. All devices designed to operate such a system are easily transported and can be moved from one room to another. The owners will not need to allocate a separate room for the boiler room. Such a system does not need a chimney.
2. Security. The use of electrical equipment for heating a private house will avoid the formation of carbon monoxide. In this case, the combustion products will be completely absent. There will be no emission of harmful emissions in such a system even if it breaks down and is further disassembled.
3. Low initial costs. When installing such a system, you will not need to invite special services and obtain permits.
4. Reliability and quietness. Judging by the reviews of experts, electric heating does not require regular maintenance. In addition, all installations mounted in the house will work silently due to the absence of a circulation pump and fan in the system.
5. Ease of operation. Such a system does not have elements that can quickly fail. During its operation, it is not necessary to constantly monitor the fuel level and the sensors.
6. High level of efficiency. The electric heating system installed in the house is able to heat the building even on the most frosty days within a short time. And special equipment that allows you to adjust the temperature in each room will significantly reduce material costs during the cold period.

Disadvantages of socket heating

The main disadvantage of the electric heating system is considered to be impressive. In some regions, the prices for this energy carrier are quite high, which makes this option unprofitable.

Such systems have another drawback. They are energy dependence. If for one reason or another there is no electricity, then heating the house becomes simply impossible.

The third disadvantage is the unstable voltage that is observed in the network, especially in rural areas. You can solve this problem by purchasing your own generator. However, this will significantly increase financial costs.
Anyone who decides to heat the house with electricity will need to take into account the power and condition of the electrical wiring. A large private house in this case will require three-phase network equipment. It will be necessary to know exactly the power that enters the building, and that part of it that can be allocated for heating.

System type

How can you heat your home with electricity? The type of such a system is possible air, water or steam. Also, the heating of the house is sometimes done with the use of warm floors.

The main characteristics of each of these systems will be discussed below. However, whichever of them is chosen, it is worth remembering that its maximum efficiency can be achieved only if the house is well insulated. Owners should also pay attention to this issue.

Steam heating

Such a system is very effective, but at the same time, judging by the opinions of experts, it is very dangerous. After all, heating radiators, as well as pipes going to them, heat up to almost a hundred degrees. Such a system is similar to a water system, but at the same time it is more economical at the stage of arrangement. It requires fewer radiators, and also allows the use of pipes that are narrower in their cross section.

However, due to the high hazard, the steam system is prohibited in apartment buildings and public buildings. As for private housing, it can be used for it. The source of heat in such a system will be a steam electric boiler.

air heating

This type of heating of residential premises is possible with the use of various devices powered by a socket. Such a heating scheme is good because the devices immediately begin to raise the air temperature in the room. There is no need for installation work. That is, the owners just need to buy the device, install it and plug it into the outlet.

Today, the construction market offers a large number of heating devices that operate on a 220 V network. At the same time, there are devices that operate directly. There are also those that use a circulating coolant - water, oil or antifreeze. How to choose from the whole variety the best for electric heating at home? You will need to familiarize yourself with each of the types of such devices in more detail.

Oil coolers

When choosing the best electric heating for a private home, you should pay attention to these devices. After all, they have been known to the consumer for a long time and still have not lost their popularity.

Oil units are mobile devices (often on wheels) that operate directly from a 220 V outlet. Their efficiency is 100% due to the direct conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, bypassing any transmission devices. However, it should be borne in mind that the use of an oil radiator will allow you to create a comfortable temperature in only one room with a small area. For heating the whole house, this method is clearly not suitable.

Electric convector

When using such a device, economical electric heating of the house can be carried out. The use of an electric convector is a fairly effective and popular way to create and maintain a comfortable temperature not only in a small room, but also in a large private house. At the same time, the device will allow maintaining the balance of air humidity at the proper level without burning oxygen.

Anyone who asks the question “Which electric heating is better for a private house?” Should consider using a convector. After all, such a device has excellent technical characteristics and a wide range of capacities.

The basis of the convector is the heating element. This is the element by which electrical energy is converted into heat. The principle of operation of the device is based on air convection. The cold flow passes through the slots located in the device case from below, and then, after heating, already heated, it exits through the upper slots.

The electric convector is a unit enclosed in a metal casing with an aesthetic appearance. This allows you to easily place the device in any interior. At the same time, some owners purchase floor convectors, but wall-mounted devices are more popular.

Air conditioner

Such a device, if it is in heating mode, can also be classified as a device for maintaining a comfortable temperature, powered by a socket. Experts believe that such an electrical thing is that the costs incurred during the operation of the air conditioner are quite consistent with the heat it emits. At the same time, costs can always be reduced by adjusting the device.

However, air conditioners also have a number of disadvantages. The most important of these is the complexity of their maintenance. In addition, such a unit has a high initial cost. The investment of significant financial costs requires its repair in the event of a breakdown.

infrared heating

Equipment of this type can be safely attributed to the category of innovative. At the same time, its device in a residential building to maintain a comfortable temperature in it continues to steadily gain popularity. The infrared (film) system should also be paid attention to those owners who do not yet know which electric heating is better for a private house. After all, such a system is economical during operation, although it has a high cost of equipment, as well as installation.

The principle of operation of such heating lies in the transfer of the heat generated by it to nearby objects, the surface of which then heats the air. Infrared devices require a small amount of energy. In addition, they are able to perform not only zonal, but also spot heating, which eliminates irrational temperature distribution. Even after the equipment is turned off, the objects heated by it retain and continue to give off heat for a long time. Mounting and dismantling such a system is quite simple, which allows you to do such work yourself.

Warm floor

Such a heating system can be used both as a main one and as an additional one. What is the principle of its work? The heat from the heating elements in the form of a single or two-wire cable embedded in the floor covering begins to rise evenly, reaching the ceiling.

A significant advantage of this method is its long service life, which is about 80 years. In addition, underfloor heating is environmentally friendly and easy to maintain.

Among the disadvantages of such a system is its instability to mechanical damage. In addition, if repair is necessary, it will not be possible to make it without dismantling the floor covering. And this will lead to additional material costs.

Application of electric boilers

Most often, in order to create a comfortable temperature in all rooms of a residential building, equipment is used in which the liquid coolant is heated. Such units are double-circuit electric boilers. They have a relatively low cost and may well be mounted by hand. At the same time, their use allows not only to heat residential premises. With the help of electric double-circuit boilers for heating a private house, the owners provide themselves with hot water.

Based on the heating method, such equipment is divided into three types. These are heating elements, electrode, as well as induction for home heating. The best of them can be selected based on the existing conditions and the preferences of the owners. Consider each of the types of such equipment in more detail.

Heating elements boilers

Such electrical equipment can be classified as traditional. In such devices, the liquid is heated using a familiar heating element. This element, heating up, then gives off the heat it produces to the water, which delivers it through the pipe system to the room radiators. This one for home heating is economical. It's pretty easy to install. At the same time, a thermostat is provided in its design that maintains the set temperature. The power consumption of such equipment is regulated by turning off the selected number of heating elements. However, scale easily accumulates on the heating elements of such boilers, which disables the unit. How to avoid such a problem? Experts recommend in such cases the use of various means of scale.

Electrode boilers

Such equipment, judging by the reviews of experts, is unique in its safety. Indeed, instead of heating elements, electrodes are installed in it, which are completely immune to leakage of the coolant. If there is no water in the device, then it simply stops working. The principle of operation of such equipment is based on the effect of the electrode on free ions. As a result, the water is heated. In an electrode electric double-circuit boiler for heating a house, limescale never forms. But at the same time, experts warn that over time, the destruction of electrodes occurs in it, which must be replaced. In addition, only water can act as a heat carrier in such a boiler. The use of anti-freeze liquid is prohibited.

Induction boilers

The package of this equipment includes a radiator and a pipeline through which the coolant circulates. The best electric boilers for heating an induction type home can be recognized due to the lack of a heating element in them. The emitter located in the device generates an electromagnetic field that interacts with the metal. In this case, vortex flows are created that transfer their energy to the coolant.

Power consumption induction for home heating - 220V. Its advantages are ease of installation and further maintenance. In addition, such a unit does not have wear parts, and the formation of scale in it is possible only in minimal volumes. Experts recommend the use of such boilers for heating large rooms using a coolant in the form of water, oil or antifreeze.

A significant disadvantage of such equipment is its impressive size and high cost. In addition, damage to the integrity of the circuit leads such a boiler to failure due to a dangerous increase in temperature.

The presence of heating in housing is, first of all, a factor in the suitability of the house for living in general, and only then a condition that ensures the comfort of this residence. Therefore, the question of how to do without heating housing is not appropriate in Russia even in the southern regions, and it remains only to decide which heating to choose.

There are many criteria for choosing the type of heating - the amount of financial costs for the device, the efficiency of the heating method, the ease of maintenance of the system, its safety, and so on. Considering that in various regions of Russia the heating season lasts from three to nine, or even more, months, the cost of heating a home is significant, and economical heating of a house is one of the desired results that are sought when choosing a heating method.

In the conditions of modern intensive development of suburban areas with cottages and dachas, especially where the pace of private construction is ahead of the rate of gasification of new areas, economical heating of a private house is a particularly acute problem. In such situations, you have to order a housing project with a heating system for the future - taking into account the upcoming supply of highways, but until that moment you also need to heat something.

Let us consider in more detail everything that is relevant to this problem, and how to take into account the existing set of factors when striving for heating efficiency.

Independent Factors Causing Heating Costs

The concept of "economical heating of a private house" does not necessarily mean low costs for heating a home. Heating equipment, for example, for a large house cannot be low-cost, but the costs of installing and operating the system must be commensurate with the efficiency of the chosen heating method.

The efficiency of a heating system is the degree to which the actual costs of heating a home correspond to the estimated costs necessary to ensure a given temperature regime, that is, to achieve the required level of comfort at the cost of minimal costs. And this is achieved through a thorough analysis and selection of the optimal combination of factors affecting efficiency.

Independent factors causing:

• climatic zone;
• heating area;
• equipment price;
• fuel cost;
• required temperature.

Only the last point, which means the temperature range determined by sanitary standards for premises with people living, needs comments.

The above circumstances are the starting point for choosing and designing a heating system for a private house, economical in relation to specific conditions.

Factors affecting the efficiency of heating systems

There can be no equal sign between the actual and estimated heating costs, because with any heating method, heat losses are inevitable, also due to various factors. But these factors affecting the degree, in contrast to unchanging circumstances, are possible to change:

• the presence and degree of effectiveness of external thermal insulation of the house;
• type of heating system and correct calculation of fuel costs when choosing a heating boiler;
• power of heating equipment;
• design features of the system;
• pipeline material;
• the presence of thermal insulation of the heating circuit in unheated rooms;
• use of devices for automatic shutdown of the heating unit;
• fuel quality.

The presence and degree of effectiveness of external thermal insulation of the house

The cost of heating a home directly depends on the arrangement of the house with thermal insulation. Indoor air and building structures heated by the heating system, in the absence of external thermal insulation, quickly give off heat to the atmosphere, and the heating system will be forced to work with increased load or in continuous mode in order to compensate for the external heat transfer of the building. This, of course, is accompanied by accelerated equipment wear and increased fuel or electricity consumption.

Thermal insulation materials are easy to install, their price is acceptable throughout the entire range, and the effect of using external insulation is saving fuel or electricity up to 40%. In addition, thermal insulation will save the internal surfaces of the outer walls from the formation of condensate.

Type of heating system and correct calculation of fuel costs when choosing a heating boiler

If a boiler is chosen as the heating equipment, then the question arises which type of fuel to choose - electric, gas or solid fuel.

When choosing, you need to proceed from the design of the house - whether it has its own chimney.

If there is no chimney, and its device is not included in the immediate plans, then the choice is narrowed - only a boiler on electricity is suitable for installation. In this case, the refusal to build a chimney will give significant cost savings when installing a heating system.

If preference is given to an electric heating unit, then a reasonable choice would be vortex, which does not have heating elements in its design and therefore is distinguished by durability (25-30 years). In addition, the efficiency of such devices is close to 99%, which is a strong argument in favor of their efficiency.

If there is a chimney, then the choice of the boiler depends on the material of the smoke exhaust system.

A gas-fired boiler should not be connected to a brick chimney - its combustion products contain nitrogen and sulfur compounds, which, mixed with condensate moisture, form acids that destroy the brick. But such a chimney will perfectly cope with the removal of smoke from a solid fuel boiler.

A steel chimney or its improved version - sandwich pipes are suitable for a heating unit using any type of fuel. The choice of pipe design (ordinary steel, stainless, sandwich, coaxial) is also directly related to the efficiency of the heating system - cheap ordinary steel will require replacement faster, and it’s good if this happens in the warm season. Other types of steel chimneys are solid, and therefore durable and reliable, but you can’t save on safety.

When choosing a heating boiler, in order to have an idea of ​​​​the degree of its efficiency, you should know exactly the amount of fuel it consumes. But marketers in stores, persuading the buyer to buy one or another type of unit, give comparative characteristics of fuel consumption, manipulating various units of measurement used for liquids, gases and solids. The fact is that the calorific value of fuel is measured in kW / kg, while diesel fuel and gas are often measured in liters, which gives different quantities, since the density of these substances is much less than unity.

Important! To verify the truth of the statements of marketers, it is necessary to bring the fuel consumption of the units they represent to a common unit of measurement, and then calculate the need for the season and cost.

For an objective comparison of heating costs during the season of a house with an area of ​​100 square meters, the table below calculates the costs of common types of fuel. This economic calculation, in particular, refutes the claims of marketers that the cube of the so-called "Euro firewood" is equivalent in efficiency to 5 cubic meters of ordinary firewood.

Heating equipment power

This indicator is also directly related to the efficiency of the heating system. The excess capacity of a boiler or other unit can be limited by installing a thermostat, but the cost of heating equipment is directly proportional to its capacity, and the paid potential will be unclaimed.

And a heating boiler of insufficient power will not cope with the task, and paying for slightly warm heating radiators also has nothing to do with efficiency.

Therefore, in order to achieve the efficiency of the heating system, it is necessary to purchase equipment based on the calculation of the required power, which is performed taking into account the area of ​​\u200b\u200bhousing, ceiling height, region and the nuances of the hot water supply system.

Design features of the system

It is impossible to achieve economical use of heating equipment if you choose it only on the basis of power and cost of fuel consumed. The design of the heating system is not always universal, so that it can be used to heat rooms of any size and proportions, different heights of ceilings and the number of window openings. For example, baseboard heaters will do an excellent job of heating small rooms, but they will not be effective in spacious rooms due to the small heat transfer area of ​​​​their design.

The situation is also ambiguous with the installation of underfloor heating systems. If you use them as the main and only means of heating housing in the middle lane or northern regions, then the floor temperature must be raised to such values ​​when contact with it loses comfort - it will be hot to walk on such a floor without shoes.

Therefore, an economical heating system is unthinkable without the correct choice of the type of heating equipment and compliance with the installation technology, taking into account the design features of both heating devices and each room.

Pipeline material

This question is relevant if we consider not separate portable heaters, but a heating circuit with a heating boiler. Heat transfer by the coolant should be carried out into the air environment of the premises planned for heating. Therefore, in transit sections, the coolant through the pipes of the heating circuit should give off a minimum amount of heat. To do this, it is necessary to ensure the thermal insulation of the pipeline, in particular, by making it from pipes with a low coefficient of thermal conductivity (plastic, metal-plastic).

To increase efficiency, even on pipes made of polymers, thermal insulation is performed, not to mention metal pipelines. These measures will allow the coolant to lose less heat on its way to the radiator, and the heating system to bring the air temperature in the room to a predetermined level earlier and turn off.

Using automatic heater shutdown devices

An important factor in ensuring the efficiency of heating equipment is the rational mode of operation of the heating system. This is provided by automation that monitors the temperature in the room and controls the intensity of heating. Modern equipment of heating devices allows not only to set the desired air temperature in the room, but also to program the variation of the heating intensity at different times of the day. For example, during the absence of tenants in the house, there is no need to maintain the temperature in the most comfortable zone, but you can lower it by several degrees.

Fuel quality

Different fuels have different calorific values. But the same type of fuel can be of different quality, depending on many factors - the percentage of moisture content of firewood, the content of impurities in gas, liquid fuel, etc. Profitability is directly related to this. Low-quality fuel has a lower calorific value, forms more soot, which reduces the clearance of the chimney and worsens traction. The combination of these factors leads to an increase in fuel consumption and the cost of maintaining the heating system.

Important! Oil fired boilers must be operated with the fuel specified in the instructions for use. You should know that diesel fuel and diesel fuel are different types of fuel.

Heating methods by type of fuel consumed

All types of fuel and energy (excluding exotic ones - solar, wind, chemical, etc.) consumed by heating systems are divided into the following main groups:

• solid types;
• liquid fuel;
• electricity.

Each of these types has advantages and disadvantages that offset each other.

For example, behind the seeming cheapness of solid fuels (firewood, coal, waste from the cellulose and woodworking industries, peat), the costs of harvesting, transport, storage, kindling, maintenance of the furnace and chimney are hidden. And the highest, at first glance, the cost is justified by the lack of costs for the above items in the case of using electrical equipment.

These factors, of course, are not reflected in the above summary table of fuel costs for seasonal heating of a private house with an area of ​​​​100 square meters.

Depending on the circumstances, using the same type of heating can be economical in one region and costly in another. This is known to manufacturers and distributors of heating equipment for the home, which form prices for heating equipment, taking into account the increased demand for economical systems. Therefore, it is not surprising that potentially economical heating systems for a private house initially cost a decent amount.

Thus, there can be no categorical statement about the indisputable efficiency of a particular unit, as well as a universal recommendation on how to save on heating. Unless there is an opportunity to arrange the most economical heating by supplying hot water from a thermal spring of natural origin to the system. But even in this case, you will have to pay a tax to the state for the use of natural resources.

And yet, if the choice is made in favor of electrical equipment, then the use of vortex inductive heaters (VIN-boilers), unlike other types of electrical heating appliances, is the most economical heating.

Conclusion

The most economical is a technology that takes into account a number of factors and circumstances, both obvious and, at first glance, not related to this. The key to economical heating of housing in a private house is the optimal prioritization, taking into account these factors in specific circumstances.

The most economical way to heat a private house is an autonomous system that runs on natural gas. But often, for objective reasons, such an opportunity is far from being everywhere. In the conditional second place in terms of the cost of thermal energy are solid fuel boilers or heating from a fireplace / stove with a closed firebox (if the house is small), but given the need to store fuel and the complexity of maintenance, not everyone likes this heating method. Liquefied gas storage requires expensive containers. And liquid fuel, in addition to storage difficulties, is distinguished by expensive equipment and poor environmental performance. All these shortcomings are deprived of electric heating of a private house. Except for one thing - the high cost of energy. Although in this case there are opportunities to reduce the burden on the family budget. What are the features of heating a house with electricity, the most economical way that you can heat a house with energy, we will consider in our article.

Electric heaters do not need chimneys and can be installed anywhere Source: www.poradavam.com

Which heaters are not suitable for the heating system

Sometimes you have to read unfair criticism of certain types of heating appliances. They are criticized not for real shortcomings, but for fictional ones. Although at the end of the criticism, the conclusions are completely correct - these devices can only be used as auxiliary heaters, and it is impossible to build an economical heating system with their help.

Video description

In our video, we'll talk about heating in a private country house. Our guest is the author and presenter of the Teplo-Voda channel Vladimir Sukhorukov:

Oil radiator

It is considered uneconomical - critics argue that it should not be used as a heating device due to high energy consumption and low return. But it is this type of device that has one of the highest efficiency - about 98%. That is, it converts almost all electrical energy into heat (no one has yet canceled the law of conservation of energy), and those insignificant losses of 2% are due to the resistance of the inner walls of the radiator to the coolant. Yes, it is inertial - it warms up for a long time, but it also cools down for a long time.

Another disadvantage is that the room with its help warms up for a long time.

But this is a property of all batteries, including water heating, in which the main method of heat transfer is natural convection, and it proceeds slowly.

The main drawback is the “rough” power adjustment and the use of mechanical thermostats. And such inaccurate temperature control makes an oil cooler inefficient when trying to optimize the cost of heating with electricity in a private house. And yet, it has a rather high case temperature when running at full power, which is dangerous if there are small children in the house.

There are models of oil radiators that can be hung on the wall Source b-sector.ru

fan heater

It is often written about a fan heater that it burns oxygen. But the “burning of oxygen” is nothing but the process of oxidation (combustion), and the maximum that can burn at a rather low temperature of the coil is organic dust in the air. Therefore, it is incorrect to talk about the combustion of oxygen (after all, firewood does not burn), since this insignificant volume must be replenished as a result of mandatory ventilation of the room.

The efficiency of such a device is slightly lower than that of an oil cooler (part of the electricity goes to the operation of the fan), but not very different, given that the motor power of the fan itself is small (about 50 W out of a total of 1 or 2 kW). Advantage - very fast heating of the room. Disadvantages - a constant level of noise (albeit insignificant) and the transfer of dust throughout the room. And the main drawback of these household appliances is manual power adjustment and the ghostly possibility of creating an automated heating system based on fan heaters.

The fan heater is the most compact heating device, and it is great for heating a small area. Source romb.ua

Therefore, it must be emphasized once again that the main reason why some types of electric heaters are not suitable for heating a house is not the efficiency (it is above 95% for almost everyone), but the impossibility of automating system control. It is this factor that does not allow optimizing the operation of the heating system, and without this it is impossible to make heating a house with electricity cheaply.

Efficient ways of heating with electricity

Heating with electricity in a private house has the main advantages over all others - these are simple and accurate methods for monitoring and regulating the operation of all nodes and elements. Even the sensors and display of information about operating modes are more accurate than those of equipment on other types of energy carriers.

Individual electric heating of a private house has three options for heating systems:

• autonomous water heating systems based on electric boilers:
• use of infrared ceramic heaters;
• electric convectors with electronic thermostats.

All these systems can be adapted into a smart home system and controlled remotely.

Video description

Differences between heating on gas and electricity in the video:

Heating with an electric boiler

This is a classic scheme of an autonomous heating system. There are two options for heating the coolant - indirect and direct.

There are two types of indirect heating electric boilers: heating elements and induction.

The device and principle of operation of heating element boilers are quite simple - there is a heating coil enclosed in a sealed metal shell with a dielectric heat-conducting filler, heat from the coil through the filler is transferred to the surface of the heating element shell, with which the heat carrier of the heating system contacts.

This is how the “stuffing” of a 9 kW heating element boiler looks like, which, despite its compact size, is able to heat a house with an area of ​​100 m2. Source mirvera.ru

Induction boilers have appeared for domestic heating systems relatively recently. Their principle of operation lies in the property of metals to heat up under the influence of an alternating magnetic field. The heating element itself is an inductive coil with a ferromagnetic alloy core, through the "secondary winding" of which the coolant passes.

Scheme of operation of an induction heater Source josri.ru

The peculiarity of direct heating electric boilers is that water acts not only as a heat carrier, but also is part of the electrical circuit - an alternating current passes through it between the electrodes. Where does the name of the boilers come from - electrode.

Each type of boiler has its drawbacks. In heating elements, scale is formed, which leads to a decrease in the useful power and resource of the boiler. Induction - quite expensive, bulky and have a "step" power control. Electrode ones have severe restrictions on the quality and composition of water, which must have a certain specific electrical resistance to alternating current.

A cascade of four electrode boilers for heating a large house Source obriy-ua.com

Well, the main drawback of heating a country house with an electric boiler is the presence of the coolant itself and the “cumbersome” circulation system of pipes and batteries. The arrangement of such a system is costly, and the efficiency compared to direct-acting electric heaters may be less if circulation pumps are used.

Infrared heaters

There are several types of heaters that use radiation (radiation) as a transfer of thermal energy. This transmission method is considered the most effective for heating a room - first, objects that stand in the way of infrared radiation are heated, and then air is heated from them, due to secondary convection.

Video description

Clearly about infrared heaters in the video:

There are three fundamentally different types of infrared heaters:

reflectors, in which the incandescent spiral is enclosed in a quartz glass bulb;

panel - in a ceramic monolithic plate "sealed" heating element;

film - with carbon sputtering on a polymer film.

Heating a house with electricity of the first type refers to heaters operating in the short-wave range of infrared radiation.

Such devices can be used as an additional heater, but not as a basic element of a private house heating system with electricity.

Disadvantages - the lowest efficiency (due to the visible part of the radiation), the lack of precise temperature control and high case temperature.

The second type of device operates in the soft long-wave range. The maximum temperature of the ceramic panel does not exceed 90°C, but on the body it is even lower. There are two types of control - mechanical and electronic thermostat. The first option involves manual control and its accuracy is low. With the help of electronic thermostats, the temperature can be set with an accuracy of 1°C.

The infrared panel is so safe that it can be hung on wooden walls Source centr-tepla.in.ua

Film heaters are the most efficient. Usually they are used as part of a warm floor, but in principle they can be mounted in walls or on the ceiling. But it is the installation as part of the floor covering that most of all corresponds to the correct and uniform heating of the room. The operation is controlled automatically using a pair of "temperature sensor-thermostat".

If there is not enough space on the floor, then the film heater can be mounted on any free plane Source otdelka-expert.ru

Convectors

Outwardly, convectors are very similar to panel ceramic heaters, but inside the metal case there is an “open” heating element, enclosed inside a plate radiator. The fundamental difference is in the method of heating - cold air enters the case through the bottom row of holes, in contact with the radiator, heats up and exits through the upper row of holes.

The body of the convector not only serves as a protection for the heating element, but also increases the speed of the upward flow. Due to this, at the same power, the space is heated faster than from a water heating battery.

Stylish convector panel looks great in a modern interior Source teplo-vsem.ru

As with panel ceramic heaters, there are two types of thermostats - mechanical and electronic. And it is the electronic operation control that ensures the accuracy of adjustment and the ability to work in several modes:

• individual, with manual control, used to heat a separate room;
• group, operation of several devices under the control of one (common) thermostat, which ensures uniform heating of a large area or the same heating mode for several rooms;
• intelligent, control with a remote control, connection to a GSM module and control using standard commands from a remote terminal (mobile communication, Internet), connection to a router and control via a local network and / or Internet.

Video description

What is better to choose: an electric boiler or an electric convector - clearly in the video:

An example of a real system with an intelligent control scheme for electric heating at home

NOBO, a leading European manufacturer of convectors, produces two compatible smart control systems for electrical appliances. Including "warm floors" (through a thermostat) and any other household appliances that are connected to the network (through a shield, a "break" in the circuit or turning on / off sockets). To do this, they produce special thermostats, socket receivers and flush-mounted relay receivers.

Using such a system, you can control and manage up to 100 devices or group zones. And thermostats of the 700 series provide 4 operating modes for convectors: comfortable, economical, non-freezing (air temperature 7 ° C) and “off”. According to the manufacturer, the flexibility of such a control system for convectors and underfloor heating allows you to save up to 25% on electric heating at home.

One of two control schemes for a multi-zone electrical system Source stroydoma74.ru

As a result - how to optimize electric heating

In addition to the competent selection of heating equipment, an efficient and optimal (in terms of costs) heating system with electricity is possible only with comprehensive insulation of the house - from the basement to the roof. Otherwise, the cost of heating a house that is blown through will be much higher, even despite the high efficiency of the heater itself, and heating a house with electricity is unlikely to be cheap.

For each residential building, whether it is a large multi-apartment building, or we are talking about a private household of one and two-story type, the organization of efficient heating is of great importance. There are a lot of existing heating options today, however, due to technical capabilities, not every house can be connected to gas. It is not always possible to supply solid fuel or liquid fuel boilers with the required amount of fuel. In such situations, home heating will become electricity.

Already at the stage of designing an electric heating system, it can be concluded that this method of heating will be much cheaper and more economical. Especially if we compare the speed of installation of electrical equipment with the laying and installation of heating systems of other types. Economic efficiency in some cases is a decisive factor when choosing a heating system. Despite the fact that today electricity is constantly becoming more expensive, new technologies allow the use of electric heaters with high efficiency.

Electric heating in your home - the main advantages and disadvantages

The concept of electric heating should be understood as a fairly wide range of technical means and capabilities. Electricity is a unique type of artificially produced energy that can be successfully used for domestic purposes. Electric heating can be of two types:

• with an intermediate coolant;
• with direct heat transfer.

In the first case, we are talking about a system based on an electric boiler that heats up the coolant and distributes it through the pipeline system. In the second case, we are talking about independent heating elements and appliances powered by an electrical network. To heat the house, as well as any other room, convectors, thermal electric fans, spiral and infrared heaters are actively used. This method of heating is much simpler from a technical point of view. The only negative is a significant overspending of electricity, which will have to be paid. A separate discussion deserves a warm floor, a technology thanks to which you can truly achieve comfort in heating residential premises.

If we consider the ratio of opportunities and benefits obtained from the use of electric heating with other types of heating, then electricity will look preferable. The main advantage of electric heating systems is high efficiency. Other positive points include:

• durability of operating systems;
• ease of maintenance and operation;
• reasonable costs for the purchase of equipment, installation and connection.
• silent operation and high level of safety of modern electric heating installations;
• lack of permits for the installation of electric heating systems.

The economic effect is achieved through the installation of thermostats on electric heaters, due to which automatic switching on and off of the power supply occurs.

The listed pluses are leveled by one minus. To install sufficiently powerful electrical heating appliances in the house, an electric boiler, additional equipment of the residential building with electrical distribution devices and devices will be required.

Important! Wiring in the house must be able to withstand significant loads, especially in the cold season. In addition to everything, the electrical switchboard must be equipped with a multi-tariff meter, which allows intensive use of the nightly cheap tariff. The main task in the installation of electric heating systems is to optimize the operation of the entire complex.

Electric boiler or convector - what's the difference? What to pay attention to?

From a technological point of view, an electric boiler is the most profitable in terms of price-quality ratio. Before making a purchase, you should carefully study the technical capabilities and characteristics of the models on the market. Assessing the capabilities of the boiler, it is necessary to take into account the amount of work that new equipment has to cope with. In order to heat a house with an area of ​​150 m 2, according to approximate calculations, at least 150 kW of electricity per day will be required. Not every boiler is able to cope with such a volume, and not all power lines are able to withstand such a load.

The boiler is connected to the usual standard water heating system, heating the coolant during its operation.

Each model is equipped, which allows residents to independently choose the temperature regime. Automation itself regulates the power of the boiler based on the specified parameters, without requiring human intervention, providing the necessary savings in electricity. The water supply is also regulated using the built-in pump, so there is no reason to worry about the normal pressure in the system. Additional equipment that most modern models of electric boilers are equipped with today increases the functionality of the system and is aimed at reducing electricity consumption, saving you money.

In the process of optimizing work, it is important to take into account the heat losses that are inherent in the room. This indicator depends directly on the thickness of the walls, the presence of insulation, the number of doors and window openings. The main heat loss occurs through windows and doors.

Last but not least, the heating efficiency depends on the parameters of the selected electric boiler model. There are classic boilers with heating elements, as well as more efficient modern options - induction and electrode (ionic). Moreover, all of them have an efficiency of 90%.

For reference: Often, manufacturers in the accompanying documents for the goods write the efficiency of the model - 95-98%. The figures look impressive, although in reality the figures are much lower, in the range of 90-92%.

With the simultaneous use of a large number of electrical household appliances, the temperature of the coolant in the electric heating system can be reduced, saving on a balanced consumption of electricity. Each specific case provides different options for savings, in contrast to the use of other heating systems. For example, an area of ​​​​50 m 2 will require an electric boiler with a capacity of 3 kW. Having the necessary numbers at hand, it is not at all difficult to calculate the number of kilowatts that will be consumed during the month with the continuous operation of the boiler.

For instance:

• house area - 50 m 2;
• electric boiler - power 3 kW;

We do arithmetic calculations according to the following formula: 3x24x30, where 24 is the number of hours in a day, 30 is the number of days in a month. We get 2160 kW per month with the boiler running, and now we multiply this figure by the electricity tariff that is set in your region.

All calculations are approximate. The real amount of electricity costs will be visible only after some time. Only then can you make an independent adjustment of the operation of the heating system in the house, determine the appropriateness of using other electrical appliances in everyday life.

If you need to organize heating in your own house without laying highways and installing numerous equipment, you can get by with convectors. Unlike electric water heating in convectors, the basic principle of operation is the convection of warm air. Due to the operation of the heating elements, the ambient air is heated. The system is almost completely self-contained, compact and able to quickly heat up small interior spaces.

Convectors are equipped with temperature controllers, with which you can set the optimal heating parameters. The presence of automation provides automatic switching on / off of the device, depending on the temperature regime inside the room. To install heaters of this type, you must have high-quality sockets and reliable wiring.

Convectors can be installed both on walls and on the floor. The cooled air goes down, getting into the field of action of the heating elements, heats up again and rises up, and so on in a vicious circle. Thus, the process of convection of air masses is achieved. The operating mode of heating convectors is 60-100 0 C. Additionally, the room can be equipped with fans, the operation of which will accelerate the air exchange of the air mass. Despite the apparent simplicity of the design and the elementary principle of operation, the heating of the room with the help of convectors is carried out unevenly. Under the ceiling, the air will be warmer, while cool air masses will be felt below.

In order to achieve savings when using convectors, it is enough to carry out a simple mathematical calculation that allows you to determine the required number of devices for normal space heating. Practice shows that convectors are effective in heating wooden residential and household buildings of a small area. In capital, stone buildings with premises of a large area, it is not advisable to use convectors. Large volumes of air quickly cool down, the time for heating the room by convection of air masses increases significantly. Consequently, the energy consumption of the heating system increases.

Underfloor heating - economical heating of a private house

An electric boiler, convectors are not the only options to equip a private house with an efficient heating system powered by the mains. Underfloor heating, which today has become fashionable to install in country houses and apartments, can be a good alternative to any other heating option. From the point of view of physics, a warm floor does not give a noticeable effect in heating residential premises, however, in comparison with the operation of other electric heating devices, thanks to a warm floor, it is possible to reduce energy costs for heating.

The desired effect is achieved through rational distribution of heat. Floors are known to be the coolest part of any room. Thanks to underfloor heating, the coldest part of the room is automatically re-profiled from a cooler to a source of heat energy. The air heated from below over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room rises in uniform flows. For residential premises, underfloor heating saves 30-40%, for heating other premises, the savings can be 50% or more.

With the help of temperature controllers, optimal heating parameters are achieved. Having independently determined the temperature regime inside the room, it is really possible to achieve significant savings in energy consumption.

The benefits of underfloor heating are:

• an effective way to quickly warm up the premises;
• acceptable economic indicators;
• a comfortable indoor climate is maintained (oxygen is not burned);
• simplicity and reliability in operation.

Against the background of the advantages that underfloor heating has, the only drawback of this electric heating option seems insignificant. The problem lies in the complexity of installing such a heating system, associated with the need to reorganize the flooring.

The preliminary calculation of the cost of heating costs in this case is as follows:

The approximate power of standard models used in everyday life is 1.5 kW per 10 m 2. We consider the average daily consumption and get a figure of 360 kW. For rooms of other sizes, calculations are made according to the same principle, the power varies in proportion to the area.

For reference: 360 kW x 2.5 (tariff 2.5 rubles, approximately) we get 900 rubles. And now we multiply the resulting figure by real square meters, for example 50 m 2. As a result, we have a figure of 4500 rubles.

Today, there is a wide range of options to achieve the necessary comfort inside a residential building using electric heating.

Each of us has the right to choose which heating option suits him best. An electric boiler, underfloor heating or electric heaters are options that solve certain problems. You can solve the problem globally by creating a capital heating system or solve issues locally. In any case, you can achieve savings if you rationally equip your house with heating elements, reduce heat loss in the room and optimize the operation of the entire energy system in the house.

Owners of private houses for various reasons choose heating with electricity. Unfortunately, of all existing methods, it is considered the most expensive. Therefore, the question of how to reduce the cost of heating a house with electricity is more relevant than ever. We will consider the most economical way in more detail by comparing some types of heating systems.

Read in the article:

Advantages and disadvantages of heating with electricity

Often, houses built on private plots are not connected to energy networks: gas, solid fuel. In such cases, the organization of heating with the help of electricity becomes the only way out.

For example, many people install all kinds of heaters, stoves in the house, if the main system is not working yet. Do these methods have clear pros and cons? Let's look into this in more detail.

Heating private houses with electricity: undeniable advantages

1. Ease of installation of electrical heat sources.
2. The ability to quickly adjust the temperature to the desired level.
3. Saving energy consumption.
4. Mobility of heating sources (in case of using mobile radiators).
5. The ability to choose the type of convector for the interior of the house.
6. Environmental friendliness - oxygen is not removed (not burned) from the space of the room, there is no danger of harmful emissions.

Cons of heating from the mains

1. The high cost of electricity services.
2. If you need to create high voltage, you will need to purchase and install an energy distributor.

Related article:

Advantages:

1. Such devices are compact.
2. Light in weight, affordable, but have a high heating power. They can be grouped, include only one or all at once.
3. And one of its main advantages is resistance to voltage drops, which is especially relevant for houses with old wiring.

But at the same time, the electrode system has disadvantages:

1. unstable power level;
2. extreme dependence on the composition of the conductive substance and its temperature;
3. requires strict adherence to the proportions of the solution and its purity;
4. incorrect "reaction" to adjustment and automatic control.

Russian electrode boilers for heating a private house, price range:

Models "Galan Hearth"	power, kWt	Cost, rub.
2-N	2	3650
3-N	3	3800
5-N	5	3850
6-N	6	3900

Models "Galan"	Cost, rub.
Geyser-9	7200
Geyser-15	7500
Volcano-25	7550
Volcano-36	10200
Volcano-50	12300

User reviews of electrode boilers:

Sergey, Perm: Each heating season requires new electrodes, which is considered a very laborious task. The manufacturer claims that if you adhere to all performance characteristics, the device will last a long time.

Natalia, Riga: I purchased the Vulkan-25 model. We often have to dismantle the boiler and clean it. If the plates are not cleaned in a timely manner, the thermal conductivity decreases. The manufacturer recommends first of all to pay attention to the quality of the coolant.

Induction heating boilers

If the question arises of how to heat a house with electricity economically, then this is one of the best options. Today it is the most popular and technically perfect type of electric boiler.

It works like this: in the center of the device, a primary winding is installed, capable of passing an electric current, which provokes voltage in the secondary winding section. It, in turn, consists of a circuit of pipes with a coolant. Due to the fact that there are no vulnerable nodes in such a device, the conductors of electricity do not come into contact with the heat-conducting carrier in any way.

The induction boiler can work stably for several decades! This is an economical device - it can be used to reduce energy costs by up to 40%, when compared with a heating element or electrode "brother".

Note! The device has only three conditional drawbacks - noise from small vibration, the massiveness of the design itself and its relatively high price.

Simple electric boilers for heating private houses: average prices

Heating a house with electricity: the most economical way is infrared

Along with the boiler heating system, the infrared method is especially popular today. Special heating plates are installed in the house, in which the emitter draws in electricity and converts it into an infrared wave, and then transmits it. The waves from the heater are in continuous motion until they "collide" with some opaque object.

Plates are usually fixed on the ceiling or walls. However, it should be understood that it rarely acts as the main heating system for a large private house and is more often used as an addition.

Infrared waves quickly fill the room with heat, and then automatically turn off - this is possible thanks to a special independent automatic control system.

Note! This type of home heating with electricity is the most economical way, because it does not use more electricity than necessary.

This option has only 2 drawbacks:

1. Expensive equipment (but at the same time it consumes electricity economically!).
2. Strict direction of heating from the plates to the nearest parts of the room.

Convector heaters

These heating devices are similar in function to conventional radiators - convectors heat up themselves and transfer heat through the air. However, there is no coolant inside them, therefore pipes are not required for them. Instead of a coolant, heating elements are built into the convectors (the advantages and disadvantages of this element were discussed above), and cold air is taken in through the bottom of the device.

One of the essential advantages of the equipment can be called quiet operation, which is especially important for those who spend most of their time at home. But convectors also have a drawback - this is low efficiency. Electric convectors absorb a significant amount of electricity.

Warm floor

These electrical systems work on the basis of conductors with a resistor, through which an electric current passes, due to which they are heated.

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