How to concrete stairs. Concrete staircase - how to do it yourself? Concrete stairs without wet processes

For the construction of concrete staircase structures, you can use different technologies, a lot of stairs have been built with the help of each of them: monolithic, combined, prefabricated and typesetting. But with the general advantages of reinforced concrete products, only monolithic has the most complex configuration and any dimensions that do not contradict standards.

From left to right: a monolithic structure, a structure with elements of a metal frame, serial factory marches, stacked steps

The company "MONOLITHICKSTAIRS" offers its customers exactly this technology. Moreover, we were the first to use a self-supporting welded frame in the production of our structures, which increased the quality of our products many times over. We invite all our potential customers to familiarize themselves with the 4 stages of the technological process in order to make sure of its thoroughness and reliability.

Only the monolithic technology of stairs allows you to create structures of such complex geometry.

Being the most durable of all, a monolithic staircase can look more than fantastic.

1. Calculation of concrete stairs and drafting

The technology of monolithic stairs provides for a careful calculation of all structural elements. This is due not only to the need to determine the size of the structure, but also to ensure the comfort and safety of its use.

Straight U-shaped stairs Straight L-shaped stairs Straight winder U-shaped stairs Semi-spiral stairs Front, facade stairs Non-standard stairs

The important features are:

• Climb angle. It depends on him what will be the length of the stairs. Having the same height, the one that has a smaller slope will be longer. And this entails the use of more materials for its construction.
• Step size. Having decided on the length, calculate the dimensions of the steps. Their optimal height (H) is 16-20 cm, and their width (L) is 27-30 cm. These parameters correspond to the physiological capabilities of a person making an ascent and descent. The formula that the dimensions must correspond to is 2H + L \u003d 60-64 cm.
• Ladder width. It provides convenient movement, and also allows you to carry out the transfer of bulky items and furniture. It is not recommended to build gatherings narrower than 0.9 m.

requires the mandatory presence of a construction project, which begins to be drawn up only after the considered calculations.

2. Assembling the formwork for concrete stairs

When the project is ready, the installation of the stairs begins, the technology provides for the construction of high-quality formwork. It will serve as a form for pouring concrete. For its manufacture use:

• Boards (usually 3 cm thick), which are upholstered with a film, or waterproof plywood with a thickness of 18 mm or more.
• Beam 100x100 mm.
• Fittings and knitting wire.
• Self-tapping screws.

The basis of the formwork is the so-called central shield, and shields for steps are already attached to it.

Boards or plywood are knocked down using a staircase drawing from the project. To make the formwork as strong as possible, use supports from below and on the sides. Further, it provides for the laying of reinforcement inside the resulting frame. In those places where the railing will be installed, corks made of wood are fixed.

3. Pouring concrete stairs

Having built a reliable formwork, you can continue to manufacture stairs, the technology further requires pouring high-quality concrete. The grade should not be lower than B15, and in order to make it not too mobile (protection against leakage), crushed stone is introduced into the composition with fractions of 10-20 mm. Concreting starts from the lower steps, and one march is filled at a time. To strengthen concrete, it is necessary to compact it, best of all with a construction electric vibrator. But this must be done carefully so as not to touch the reinforcement. To prevent excessively rapid drying, the poured solution is covered with plastic wrap. You can see the filling process in the video: The formwork is removed when the concrete has reached at least 80% of its strength, i.e. not earlier than 3-4 weeks later. With this technology of stairs, it can be faced with any material. Moreover, the monolithic base ensures the absence of creaking even with wooden finishes.

4. Finishing concrete stairs

When constructing a concrete staircase, the design and technology of its finishing can be used in a variety of ways. The choice of option should depend not only on the preferences of the future owners, but also on the style and decor of the environment of the monolithic structure. You can use:

• Wood.
• A natural stone.
• Ceramic tiles.
• Laminate.
• Carpet.
• Clinker tiles, etc.

In this article we will tell you how to make a concrete staircase with your own hands.

Positive sides:

• Long service life;
• Strengthens the structure of the building;
• moisture resistant;
• Refractory;
• Silent;
• Large range of decoration and modeling.

The concrete option is chosen, since the cost of it is small. Investments are only for the purchase of material for manufacturing and personal time. Such a staircase is built simultaneously with the construction of the house. On the general drawing of the construction of the house, they plan a place for installing a flight of stairs.

First preparations

First of all, it is required to calculate the number of steps in order to fit into a certain section of the building. This makes it easier to move up the stairs. For a standard step height when lifting, 17 cm is applied. The width must be at least one meter. Also take into account embedded parts for future railings.

Material

For the preparation of concrete, they take: cement (1 part), crushed stone with a grain size of 10-20 mm (3 hours), sand (2 hours), water (0.7 hours). If the concrete is thick, then you can add a little more water.

To make up the formwork, they acquire a construction beam 10X10 cm, waterproof plywood with a section of 2 cm or a cut board from 3 cm, reinforcement, a metal corner. The wooden structure is fastened with 3.5 cm self-tapping screws, which are conveniently removed during dismantling.

A formwork is a box into which concrete is poured. It is built right on the construction site. The best material to use is wood. It is easily removed after the solution hardens. The width of the boards should be equal to the height of the steps. Supports are installed perpendicular to the base of the stairs with special fasteners to the support.

It should be remembered that a concrete staircase is heavy, which means that the supports must be massive and durable.

Formwork boards are additionally fixed with a longitudinal plate to avoid deflection when pouring concrete. The whole structure is assembled with self-tapping screws so that it can be easily disassembled after operation. If the use of formwork continues further, then it is recommended to protect the tree with waterproofing material: alkyd varnish (painting), roofing material, glassine, oilcloth, old linoleum. This is done to prevent the boards from deforming when the concrete mortar comes into contact with water.

To strengthen the flight of stairs, a frame is made of metal rods. It is laid along the bearing edges and connected by welding at a distance of 3 cm from the formwork to the reinforcement. To attach the iron assembly to the wall, pins are driven into it.

Types of structures of the flight of stairs

Of all the structures, the main types can be distinguished:

• screw - has the form of a spiral twisted in the center;
• rotary - marches can be located to each other at an angle of 90 o and 100 o;
• straight - the most convenient for climbing, do not make great physical effort for climbing, but occupies a large amount of usable area.

First prepare the concrete mixture. Before pouring in the formwork from the side where the handrails will be, put wooden plugs or iron pins for further fastening. Then start pouring concrete into the formwork boxes. To prevent the edges of the steps from crumbling during operation, a metal corner is welded to them.

Pouring should be done in one go to avoid flaking.

After filling the formwork, the mortar must be compacted and leveled. Only after the final drying of the concrete, they begin to dismantle the wooden form and walk up the stairs.

Indoors, a concrete staircase rarely remains unlined. For finishing reinforced concrete molds can be used:

1. Laminate.
2. Natural tree.
3. A rock.
4. Ceramic tiles.

For the manufacture of the parapet, glass is used; the decoration of the entire staircase can be a piece of metal. Wooden railings in the form of sculptures look rich. The choice of fencing option depends on the style of interior design of the room, what material the flight of stairs is finished with.

Facing is done not only on steps and platforms, but also on the back of the stairs. To do this, use decorative plaster, ceramic or porcelain tiles. A staircase made with the use of such methods, of course, always pleases the eye of people - regardless of whether it is located in a cottage outside the city or connects the floors of any enterprise.

If it is noticed that some deformations have appeared in the stairs, for example, cracks or something else, it is necessary to eliminate them in time. To do this, you can use the following methods, depending on the defect: cement-sand mortar, anchor bolts or something else. If preventive maintenance is carried out on time, defects can be avoided.

Have you built stairs in your house yourself? Share your personal experience with our readers by leaving a comment on the article.

Video

We offer you to watch a video about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase.

Concrete is the most common building material from which stairs are made today.

Scheme of reinforcement of the site for a concrete staircase.

Stairs made of concrete are distinguished by their durability and strength. Also, this material allows you to create a variety of architectural models.

It is not surprising that the owners of private houses are increasingly turning to concrete as a material from which to make a staircase. The creation of concrete stairs has been further developed due to the fact that it is possible to create concrete stairs with your own hands, without resorting to the help of professional builders. About how to make a staircase out of concrete and how to make steps out of concrete, we will burn with you further.

Characteristics of concrete structures

Concrete staircase structures have a number of advantages that distinguish them from other staircases built from other materials. These advantages attract those who have given their preference to concrete. Concrete structures have advantages in everything: in construction technology, in a constructive solution, in physical qualities, etc.

Let's take a look at these benefits:

Scheme of a concrete staircase on the ground: 1 - Concrete, 2 - Reinforcing mesh, 3 - Crushed stone rammed into the ground, 4 - Soil, 5 - Brick, 6 - Sand layer, 7 - Concrete preparation.

1. Concrete stairs are built during the construction of the building itself. This allows you to speed up the construction process, since the steps are used even at the stage of building construction.
2. Such structures are very durable, which allows us to talk about the long term of their operation.
3. Steps of concrete structures and their other elements are perfectly combined with design ideas. A concrete staircase can, if desired, be turned into a work of art.
4. The construction technology allows you to make both steps and the entire concrete structure with your own hands, without resorting to outside professional help.
5. The concrete structure considered here, in addition to its direct purpose, also has the function of an additional frame element, increasing the reliability and strength of the building.

All these advantages have allowed concrete stair structures to gain popularity among both industrial developers and ordinary citizens, who are increasingly building them with their own hands.

Preparation for construction

As in any business, in the construction of a concrete staircase, first of all, you need to draw up a plan of action. This plan includes all design actions, diagrams and drawings. Drawing up drawings must be verified and accurate. You do not need to hand over the building to a special commission, but the life and health of your own household depend on the quality of your work.

First of all, you will need to calculate such a parameter as the height of the step. Usually, a value of 17 cm is taken for this indicator. Next comes the depth of the step. It should be comfortable for the foot. Usually the shoe size 45 is taken for the template. The width of the flight of stairs must also be accurately calculated. This value should include the width of the step and the width of the railing. Elements such as the flight of stairs, the lower and upper thresholds, the length of the stairs and the slope angle are also calculated.

The final step in building a staircase with your own hands is its cleaning and leveling. After stripping, some time must pass before the final shrinkage of the concrete occurs, and the ladder can be used for its intended purpose.

You will need the following tools:

1. Concrete pump. This device will be needed for concrete supply.
2. Concrete mixer.
3. Shovels.
4. Templates.
5. Master OK
6. Formwork boards.
7. Waterproof plywood for formwork.
8. Metal rods for reinforcement.
9. Bundles of thin rods or wire.
10. Hammers and mallets.
11. Saw.

Construction works

Scheme of installation of concrete stairs.

Do-it-yourself staircase construction begins with the creation of formwork. It must be strong and rigid. Anyone who has ever made formwork knows how important this element is. The formwork is made according to stencils that were made in advance according to the drawings.

For formwork, boards are used to create the frame of the future staircase. This kind of frame is created for each step. Only the sides of the steps are fenced. Care must be taken to ensure that the mounted boards fit snugly against each other. It is necessary to avoid the appearance of cracks through which the concrete mixture can seep. To fully guarantee the tightness of the formwork, another layer of waterproof plywood is applied to the boards.

Further, the future steps and the threshold are reinforced with a reinforcing frame. You can make it with your own hands from steel reinforcement by welding. Such a frame gives an additional threshold of strength and creates the basis for the future concrete coating. Steel reinforcement is laid along the flight of stairs, at the bottom of future steps. Laying of rods occurs both along the march and across. In places where they cross, a connection is made by means of a wire.

Before concreting, do not forget about future railings. For them, make special holes in the formwork, which are filled with wooden plugs. The starting point should be the lower threshold of the stairs.

After all the preparatory work is completed, you can proceed to the main operation. It is the final concreting of the staircase structure. This operation can be carried out both manually and with the help of a concrete pump. The latter option is more preferable. First, the upper threshold is poured, after which the pouring continues throughout the entire staircase structure from top to bottom.

Filling should be done only at a positive temperature. Otherwise, the concrete is heated. Filling is carried out at the same time for the entire flight of stairs. The starting point is the upper threshold of the stairs. After the concrete mixture has entered the formwork, it is compacted, cleaned and leveled by means of shovels and trowels.

After stripping, some time must pass before the final shrinkage of the concrete occurs and the ladder can be used for its intended purpose. To speed up this stage, it is recommended to cover the flooded stairs with plastic wrap.

How to make steps out of concrete: a guide

How to make stairs out of concrete? As in any business, in the construction of a concrete staircase, first of all, you need to draw up a plan of action.

A country house or cottage usually begins with a porch, to which a small ladder leads. How to fill the steps with concrete and do it right with minimal financial and time costs? To get a general idea after reading the material, you should watch a video that clearly demonstrates the process of step formation. Construction work is carried out in several stages.

Manufacturing technology of concrete porch

We calculate materials

Steel reinforcing bar for the construction of a concrete porch

The manufacture of stairs begins with calculations of the required amount of materials and drawing up drawings. At this stage, the number of steps of the stairs is determined based on the height of the platform from ground level. According to the requirements of SNiP 21-01-97 and GOST 9818, the difference between the support platforms should not exceed 220 mm, and its width should be at least 250 mm. Steps poured with concrete with one's own hands are heavy, and in order to avoid their subsidence, it is necessary to provide a foundation.

Having determined the dimensions of one step and their total number, we calculate the volumes of required building materials, such as:

1. cement brand 500;
2. sifted quarry sand;
3. crushed stone of fine and medium fraction;
4. steel reinforcing bar;
5. lumber: boards and timber for the manufacture of formwork.

Taking into account these data, the total construction price is set as the sum of the cost for all positions. The involvement of hired specialists will lead to an increase in the cost of the structure by about half.

Formwork filling with concrete mix

Site preparation for work

To answer the question "how to fill in the steps for your porch" you need to familiarize yourself with the technology of the operation. You should start with leveling and marking the site. To carry out land work with your own hands, you will need shovels and bayonet shovels, as well as a tape measure, pegs and a cord. When laying a rectangular porch base, it is imperative to check the diagonals.

On the marked area, soil is sampled to a depth of at least 250-300 mm and a sand cushion is poured. The layer is leveled and compacted by moistening and compacting with a special tool. A steel bar is used to reinforce the base of the porch and strengthen the steps formed by one's own hands. The strength-enhancing structure is welded or wire-knitted and installed before the concrete is poured into the stairs.

The presence of reinforcement increases the reliability of the structure

The next step is the manufacture and installation of formwork. High-quality pouring of steps with concrete, the price of which will be minimal, is possible only when all operations are performed by oneself. The formwork is made of edged boards with a thickness of 25 mm or more, for the connection of which nails and timber are used. The width of the formwork parts should be equal to the height of the steps, and the horizontality of the upper edges should be checked with a level. Boards are installed and held by hand, and then nailed to the frame.

Preparation of cement-sand mixture and concreting stairs

Do-it-yourself pouring of the steps of the porch is done with ready-made compounds, which are delivered by specially equipped vehicles. Another option for erecting a porch is the preparation of cement-sand mixtures using a concrete mixer or manually in a container suitable for these purposes. The pouring of steps with concrete is carried out starting from the lower step, in layers, with interruptions necessary for the composition to dry.

Formwork manufacturing process

Making your own mixes will reduce the cost of building a porch. The process is carried out as follows: sand is poured into the trough, into which crushed stone and cement are added. The composition is mixed manually with a shovel until a homogeneous mass is obtained. Then water is added to the mixture in small portions with constant stirring. The consistency of concrete should correspond to the density of sour cream.

How to fill in the porch steps and get a solid structure? First of all, you should choose the right ratio of components.

The method for determining the required number of concrete components is as follows. Crushed stone is poured into the bucket to the upper level, then water is poured along the edge. The volume of liquid will correspond to the amount of sand and cement to be added to the concrete.

When doing work on your own, the question arises - how to fill in the steps of a low porch and do it right. Despite the apparent complexity of this process, it is quite possible to perform it without the involvement of specialists, and after that - also make an aesthetic finish of the porch and show us a photo.

To get the basic skills of construction work and form an understanding of how to concrete the steps of the porch, the video in this article will be very helpful. Write to us what you got as a result, share your experience with us.

Everything is well written and clear and understandable, but in terms of preparing the solution, it somehow seems to me that they have complicated it. Although it is understandable, you will not please milestones. So, if you mix it yourself, you should carefully read the instructions of the cement manufacturer, usually placed on the back of the bag, the proportions may vary depending on the brand of cement and additives in it. Take for example 1 bag of Master Universal cement (CEM II / A-K (Sh-I) 42.5N, grade 500), then to get class B 20 concrete we need 55 liters. crushed stone, 90 sand and 30 water, and to obtain class B 25 concrete, you need to take 45 liters. rubble, 80 sand and 25 water. But if, again, we buy cement of a different brand (for example, Master PRO CEM I 42.5B, strength 500) from the same manufacturer, we will see that we need 70 liters to obtain class B 20 concrete. crushed stone, 110 sand and 30 water, and to obtain class B 25 concrete, you need to take 55 liters. rubble, 90 sand and 25 water. Hence the conclusion, in the production of concrete work, study the recommendations of the manufacturer and get the result that you expect to get and not overpay for it. Good work and excellent results.

Thank you very much for such an extensive and interesting answer 🙂 Indeed, cement brands are quite different, but here everyone has their own approach - and yours is very practical 🙂

How to pour steps for a concrete porch with your own hands (video)

It is told how to pour concrete steps on your own. How to properly prepare the surface and prepare the mixture. Walkthrough.

The porch is the most important component of the exterior of a country house. A beautifully executed entrance is a real decoration of the entire building, a detail that attracts attention and creates a sense of solidity. In this article, we will consider the simplest and most accessible method for everyone, with which you can build concrete steps for the porch with your own hands.

Advantages of concrete steps for a porch

Concrete mortar is just a great material for building steps. A staircase made of such a material, reinforced with reinforcement, can serve the owners for decades without repair (see also the article “Cesspool made of concrete rings at their summer cottage: practical recommendations for self-construction”).

A porch of this kind, regardless of whether ready-made concrete steps were used for the porch during its creation or not, has the following important characteristics:

• No noise. Such steps do not creak like wood and do not create a hum effect. The monolith absorbs all possible sounds;
• Not afraid of rust, rotting processes and insects;
• Not afraid of fires and high temperatures;
• Can be veneered with any finishing material. Thus, it is possible to hide the concrete accessory and design the structure as a wooden one, for example;
• Repair in the presence of any damage on such a product will be inexpensive;
• A porch made of concrete can be endowed with the most unimaginable shape and have any required size.

Technology for the construction of steps for arranging the porch of a building

Ready-made monolithic structure

The external attractiveness of the porch directly depends on the quality of all construction work and compliance with existing building codes and regulations (see also the article “Mosaic concrete for the manufacture of a beautiful floor with marble chips”).

Violation of technology during the construction of even such a seemingly insignificant structural element can result in the following defects:

• The formation of cracks on the walls associated with the porch;
• Peeling of the finishing decorative layer from the surface of the porch;
• Subsidence of the porch relative to the building itself.

Correcting such defects is difficult, and in some cases even impossible.

Advice. Following all the norms during the construction process will allow you to avoid the time and effort associated with the dismantling of a reinforced monolithic product and the construction of a new one, which can double such a parameter as the price of erecting a concrete porch.

In order to save your own forces and means, it is important to follow three basic rules:

• The depth of the foundations of the porch and the house are equal;
• The porch, even what is being built near the house, should be one with its foundation; Council. The connection of the foundations of the house and the porch is made by means of mutual reinforcement.
• You should not save on waterproofing the structure to avoid the cost of regular repairs. Tip. When erecting this element of the structure, one should not be too presumptuous and, subject to the lack of experience in the production of such work, one should still use the finished project.

  Materials and tools required for work

  For the construction of the porch, you will certainly need the following tools and materials:

  • Portland cement;
  • gravel-sand mixture;
  • Reinforcing bar with a diameter of 6.5 mm;
  • Wire for knitting fittings;
  • Perforator with a set of drills for concrete;
  • Special equipment with the help of which diamond drilling of holes in concrete can be carried out;
  • Vibrator for compaction of the solution;

  

  • Boards for the construction of formwork;
  • Bars as formwork racks;
  • Bulgarian - a tool with which reinforced concrete will be cut with diamond wheels;
  • Concrete mixer;
  • Electric saw for cutting boards and formwork bars;
  • Shovels of two types: shovel and bayonet;
  • Hammer with nails for the construction of formwork;
  • Wheelbarrow for moving the solution;
  • waterproofing material;
  • Tool for knitting reinforcing wire.

  

  Tool for knitting reinforcing corset

  

  Before starting work, the area for arranging the porch must be prepared:

  • The construction site must be cleared;
  • You should make markings under the foundation of the porch;
  • Digging a foundation pit;
  • Installation of wooden formwork for pouring the foundation;
  • Installation of fittings under the porch;

  Advice. To implement the method of mutual reinforcement, holes for reinforcement should be drilled in the foundation of the house.

  • The prepared trench is covered with concrete mortar;

  Advice. The solution is prepared from Portland cement and sand-gravel mixture in a ratio of 1/4. Water is added to the solution until a mass of the consistency of liquid porridge is obtained.

  • Using a vibrator for concrete, we compact the structure;

  

  Pouring the foundation under the porch

  • We cover the poured foundation with burlap and let it harden for 3 days;
  • We remove the formwork and cover the concrete with roofing material or cover it with molten tar.

  Construction of formwork for steps

  After the foundation is ready, it's time to think about the construction of the most concrete porch steps.

  Instructions for arranging the porch consists in the implementation of the following actions:

• First you need to deal with the existing drawing. If there is no drawing, you should calculate the number of steps depending on the height of the porch; Tip. The height of each step should not be more than 20 cm, and the width should not exceed 30 cm. The width of the porch should protrude 20-30 cm from each side of the front door.
• Next, we install the wooden formwork according to the drawing or the calculations made at the previous stage;
• The formwork for pouring a concrete monolithic porch must be a sealed product, so we line its bottom with an additional layer of roofing material;

  

  In the photo - formwork covered with roofing material

• In order to save on the amount of mortar, gravel or a sand-gravel mixture is poured into the formwork at an angle from the wall of the building;
• We install fittings. We do not forget to insert the ends of the reinforcing bars into the holes made at the preparatory stage in the foundation of the building; Advice. If it is planned to build a railing, then at this stage reinforcement should be made in such a way that the branches of the rods rise 4-5 cm above the level of the steps.
• We fill the created structure with concrete and use a vibrator to ram the solution to prevent the formation of voids in the monolithic structure;

  

  Formwork filled with mortar

• We leave the structure to harden for 3 days, after which we remove the formwork. Decorative porch steps

  

  Decorating the porch with cladding

  For finishing, concrete tiles for the steps of the porch, decorative or natural stone, or ceramic tiles can be used. The side walls can be decorated with bricks, foundation siding and other facade finishing materials suitable for the design of the building.

  

  One of the design options

  Concrete steps for a porch are a wonderful, durable product that, if properly finished, can please the owners of the building with its convenience and visual appeal for more than one year (read also the article “Slag concrete - everything you need to know about this type of material”).

  It is absolutely easy to build such a structure with your own hands, but in order for the final structure to be durable, you should take care in advance not only of using high-quality materials, but of observing building codes.

  You can learn more about what concrete steps are like by watching the video in this article.

  How to make steps for a porch of concrete in the country with your own hands

  
  How to make steps for a concrete porch in a country house with your own hands The porch is the most important component of the exterior of a country house. A beautifully executed entrance is a real

How to fill in the steps of the porch of monolithic concrete

A monolithic concrete porch is one of the most durable solutions for a country house. A wooden porch in a couple of years will begin to creak and require repair even with constant care, brickwork also begins to collapse over time.

The most durable option is the concrete base of the porch, which can then be finished with porcelain stoneware, clinker or natural stone to your own taste. Knowing how to properly fill the steps of the porch, you can provide him with great strength for many years.

Why choose a concrete porch

Do-it-yourself steps for the porch made of concrete can be made by any homeowner. Construction does not require special skills, tools or equipment; all that is needed is to prepare a concrete solution and build a formwork. This is just one of the many advantages for choosing a concrete porch:

• Design variety. A concrete porch can have almost any shape: it is not only a classic square or rectangle, but also a semicircle, semi-oval, polyhedron, etc. It can have a different number of steps, it will not be difficult to build a solid porch even for a house with a high door. You can choose a wide variety of facing materials to give it a custom look.
• Great strength. Hardened concrete is able to retain all its characteristics for many years, especially if you take care of its lining. It is able to withstand high humidity, temperature fluctuations and other weather vagaries.
• No noise. Unlike wooden steps, concrete steps will never creak or sag. In addition, they will remain completely flat for a long time, especially if you take care of a durable ceramic tile or natural stone lining.

Preparatory work: design and necessary calculations

How to make concrete steps for a porch? First of all, you need to calculate the number and location of future steps, the cost of material and the installation of formwork.

The width of the porch should be at least 15 cm more than the width of the front door, the length of the usual step is one and a half meters. This will be enough for the descending and ascending person to calmly disperse on the porch.

If it is planned to build a large platform in front of the house, the steps can be made wider. If small children or people with disabilities live in the house, you should think in advance about the location of the ramp.

The height of the step is on average 16-17 cm, and the width of the tread should be at least 26-30 cm, so that it is convenient to put your foot on it. The slope of the porch should not exceed 45 degrees, otherwise it will be difficult to climb, especially for older people. If there are more than three steps, the project must necessarily provide for the installation of metal railings with handrails and decorative overlays.

The height of the porch should correspond to the height of the basement of the house. There should be a few centimeters between it and the bottom of the door: during shrinkage, the height of the foundation may decrease slightly, and then the door will be difficult to open.

A minimum of 3 centimeters must be left even if the door is made of wood. Wood tends to swell, and the door may begin to cling to the porch platform.

Before you make steps for the porch of concrete, you need to prepare drawings on which all dimensions must be indicated. After that, you can proceed to the preparation of the concrete base and the construction of the porch.

Preparatory work and installation of formwork

The ideal solution is to include the porch in the project of the house, then it is built on the same foundation and becomes its full-fledged part. However, this happens very rarely: usually the owner then thinks about adding concrete steps, and then he has to solve the issue of attaching the porch to the main foundation and the basement of the house.

How to fill the steps of the porch? Preparatory work begins with clearing the area and creating a foundation pit for a solid base of the porch. A monolithic structure is heavy, so care must be taken that it has its own foundation with a high bearing capacity.

On a cleared site of the required size, the top layer of soil is removed and a foundation pit is dug up to a depth of 70 cm. A sandy compacted “cushion”, a reinforcing cage is laid in it, and a formwork is installed.

After that, the new foundation is poured with concrete. As a concrete solution, a mixture of frost-resistant Portland cement with sand and gravel is used, the proportion of cement and sand-gravel mixture is 1: 4.

Water is gradually added to the solution, and after mixing it turns into a liquid homogeneous mass. At least three days are allotted for the solution to dry, only after that you can proceed directly to the construction of steps.

Formwork installation and pouring steps

A waterproofing layer of roofing material is laid on the base, after which the formwork is installed.

It can be assembled from plywood, in some cases, durable boards are used for this.

The formwork is assembled according to the drawings: it should rise 30 cm above the porch.

If the porch is large, stiffening ribs are nailed to the sides of the formwork panels, in addition, it is necessary to ensure their stability after pouring the concrete mix, so they are provided with side supports.

Tip: The inside of the formwork must be lubricated so that concrete mortar does not stick to it. This will allow in the future to freely remove the formwork, separating it from the dried concrete. Its surface will be smooth, this will simplify the cladding work in the future.

Filling works are carried out in several stages:

1. The side parts of the formwork are installed, after which boards are attached to them for pouring steps. They are placed in such a way that the treads have a slight slope of up to 5 degrees. This will ensure a quick flow of water, and frost will not form on the steps in winter and autumn.
2. Stair reinforcement. With the help of wire, the reinforcing mesh is connected, in addition, vertical reinforcement is installed. The ends of the reinforcing bars should go into the holes drilled in the foundation of the house so that the porch and foundation are firmly connected to each other.
3. The concrete solution is poured. The work is carried out in layers: first, the first stage is poured, then it needs to be allowed to dry and the next part should be poured. So that there are no air cavities left, the filled solution is pierced with fittings or sticks, you can also use a special building vibrator.

The final part of the work is the filling of the upper platform. The concrete is leveled with a slight slope: the water on the site should not stagnate.

• The porch must be allowed to dry completely. The larger it is, the longer this process will take. In order for the solution to dry evenly, it is necessary to moisten the top layer with water, otherwise it may crack in the sun.

When the concrete is completely dry, the formwork is dismantled, and you can proceed to the installation of railings and decorative cladding.

Installing a railing on a concrete porch

For a classic concrete porch fence, forged metal railings are used, they will provide reliable support and safety when moving up the stairs. Railings must be installed on a high porch, but they will be quite appropriate on a small porch.

The standard height for adults is 90 cm, and additional child rails can be added at a height of 40 cm. The width of the rail is about 7 cm, which is most convenient for the human palm.

Metal racks are installed on concrete steps using flanges or other fasteners; forged or welded gratings made of metal rods can be used as filling. Such products can be ordered ready-made in workshops, since working with metal on your own is quite difficult. Metal handrails are welded onto the racks, which are covered with overlays made of wood or plastic.

Decorative cladding of concrete steps

Ordinary concrete does not differ in design diversity, but it can and should be lined with one of the common finishing materials. Facing will increase the durability of the porch, as it will cover the concrete base of the steps from the negative effects of natural forces. In addition, it will allow you to give the porch a unique design variety, and it will look very nice.

What is the best way to decorate a porch? Several common options can be listed:

1. Ceramic tiles. Porcelain stoneware is a white clay with the addition of special mineral components.

After firing at a high temperature, it acquires a very high strength, so the lining will last a very long time. Thanks to the addition of special pigments, tiles can have a wide variety of colors.

The facing tiles are laid first on the top platform of the porch, then on the treads and risers, and then on the sides. For its laying, a tile adhesive composition is used, which is prepared from dry mixes in the required proportion. Laying tiles will allow you to get a smooth and beautiful coating.

You can find out detailed and extended information on the topic of the article from the book “Wooden Houses”, which reflects all stages of building a house, from laying the foundation to the installation of a roof. The price of the book = 77 rubles.

You may also be interested in other BOOKS on building wooden houses with your own hands.

Other publications.

The classic entrance concrete staircase is one of the standard designs used almost everywhere. Due to the use of standard materials and the reliability of the entire structure, a concrete staircase with their own hands is often made in private homes. At the same time, its appearance and shape are often limited only by the availability of free time for the calculation and manufacture of formwork. If it is possible to order work on the side, then only standard solutions in the catalogs of companies are more than enough.

What you need to know before installation - the pros and cons

Before you make a concrete staircase, you need to find out its advantages and disadvantages - this will help you finally decide on the choice of shape and material.

Comparison of materials in the video:

Advantages of concrete structures:

• The strength of the structure will give odds to any others made of wood or metal. If the reinforcement of the concrete staircase is correctly performed, then its margin of safety allows you not to think about the load on the surface.
• A rough concrete staircase after complete drying can be used for moving or carrying building materials, and after all work is completed, make the final finish.
• Repair of the concrete structure will not be necessary during the entire period of its operation. It requires minimal maintenance, more often cosmetic.
• The monolithic reinforced concrete staircase is completely silent - it does not make squeaks or other sounds.
• Concrete is a moisture-resistant refractory and temperature-resistant material. Not subject to decay or damage by insects.
• There are very few restrictions on the shape of the structure and other design solutions.

The disadvantages of concrete structures are much less, but they must be taken into account:

• The weight. Depending on the size, monolithic concrete stairs can have a mass of up to two or three tons - if the steps go beyond the foundation of the house, then the possibility of their uneven shrinkage must be taken into account.
• Labor intensity. Before you make a staircase out of concrete with your own hands, you need to create a wooden formwork, which, in fact, is a rough wooden staircase - concrete will then be poured into it.
• Price. To pour a staircase made of concrete, you need a frame previously made of formwork, in which reinforcement is laid and only then concreting is carried out. Therefore, the manufacture of concrete stairs will cost more than any other analogues.

Varieties of stair structures

The main division goes to the entrance (front) and high-rise. In the first case, they are used to simply get into the house, and high-rise ones are used for direct access to the second floor or cellar (basement). Each of them, in turn, has its own varieties and forms.

Even a standard concrete staircase in a private house can be of any geometric shape: usually rectangular, but there are no difficulties in creating rounded, multifaceted or combined structures, the choice of which depends on the overall design of the building.

Depending on the height to which you need to climb or descend, the second type of flights of stairs is divided into single-flight and rotary, with two or more platforms. A separate category are rotary semicircular or screw varieties. If you make a concrete staircase to the second floor with your own hands, then you must definitely take into account the need for an exit platform. The only exception is if there is already a terrace on the top floor, to which the upper flight of stairs will adjoin.

The staircase to the basement is made according to the same principle as to the second floor, but making it a little easier - by making steps to the basement with your own hands, you can arrange the formwork directly on the ground. Before this, its surfaces are recommended to be carefully compacted and covered with sand. If there is time, it is recommended to do this work in the fall, and pour the concrete in the spring. If everything needs to be done at once, then special attention must be paid to the rammer. The better it is done, the less likely it is that voids will occur due to subsidence of the soil.

Different types of designs in the following video:

Self-assembly of concrete stairs

To take on the manufacture of a concrete staircase, you need the skills of a carpenter, welder and locksmith, and in addition to know how to calculate the impact of massive structures on their support points. Even entrance standard concrete stairs without any frills will be an additional load on the foundation, which must be taken into account if they are attached separately.

The order of work is as follows:

Calculation of the flight of stairs

The first step in calculating the stairs is not even calculating its dimensions, but estimating the place where it will stand. The mass of one cube of concrete is about 2.5 tons, so the concrete stairs for the house, depending on the design, will weigh about 2-3 tons. If there is no carrier plate in the place where the lower steps will abut, then the installation will be a big question. Ideally, the staircase should be designed even when drawing up the plan of the house, and the foundation tape should pass at the place of its installation.

You also need to think in advance what the finishing will be done with - if you opt for a decorative stone, then this decision will additionally make the entire structure heavier.

Next, you need to decide on the angle of elevation - comfortable movement is possible with a slope within 30-40 °. In this case, the height of one step will be about 17 cm, and the width will be 28-30. In rare cases, it is allowed to make steps at an angle of 45 °. Given the high cost of dismantling concrete structures, it is recommended in this case to find a staircase with such a slope in advance and evaluate for yourself whether it is worth walking on it year after year or looking for an alternative.

In the case when a slope of 45 ° is nevertheless recognized as appropriate, it is worth introducing the so-called overhangs into the design of concrete steps for such stairs - they will increase their width.

If it is planned to create a spiral concrete staircase, then the width of the step along the inner radius will be less than from the outside. In this case, the calculation is performed taking into account the fact that most often they will move along the steps a little further than their middle, closer to the outer radius.

It should also be borne in mind that spiral staircases can often be with a displaced center of gravity - this is especially true for half-turn structures. In such cases, it is desirable to “lean” them against a load-bearing wall or column. For an accurate calculation of such structures, one must have knowledge in theoretical mechanics - if they are not there, then it is better to entrust the construction of such a massive structure to specialists.

Formwork installation

This is the most important stage, the quality of which depends on the appearance of the finished product and the accuracy of pouring concrete. In fact, the formwork copies the device of a concrete staircase, repeating its shape.

And reinforcement on video:

The installation procedure and the necessary materials are as follows:

• Plywood or boards for the base and side walls. - it is desirable to use laminated, about 20 mm thick. If you use boards, then 3 cm or more thick. For spiral staircases, the formwork of curved surfaces is made of 9 mm plywood reinforced with spacers.
• First, the bottom of the formwork is made - the base for the steps and marches is set at the right angle, on which the sidewalls will then be fixed. If the staircase is made close to the bearing wall, then you can do exactly the opposite - mark and fix the sidewalls on the wall itself, repeating the shape of the steps for the stairs, then attach the base to them and fix everything with the lower and side struts.

If the staircase to the second floor of monolithic concrete is adjacent to the bearing wall, then it is necessary to fix the reinforcement in it, and in the case of using a two-flight structure, make a strobe at the place where the march is poured, which will serve as additional adhesion.

• Bars 100 * 100 mm are used to support the formwork when concrete is poured into it. It is important to ensure that after strengthening there is not the slightest backlash of the base, as this is a guaranteed deformation of the entire structure.

When the base is ready, the entire formwork is waterproofed. To do this, all the cracks are blown out with mounting foam, but at the same time, it must be ensured that it does not climb inside if possible - in this case, grooves will remain on the surface of the finished staircase.

Reinforcement installation

Reinforced concrete greatly enhances the tensile and shear strength of ordinary concrete, so stairs must be made using this technology.

For convenience, the reinforcing layer is carried out before the installation of the step ceilings. In fact, a frame is made from reinforcement with a cross section of about 10 mm, repeating the shape of the stairs, but about 3 cm short of the future concrete surface. In order for the reinforcement to “hang” in the air, fasteners are placed under it, which hold it in weight.

At the intersection, or tightly tied with wire. You should get a network with square cells with a side of 20 cm.

Particular attention should be paid to the place where the lower step touches the floor. To do this, metal pins are hammered (concreted) into its surface, to which the reinforcement of the steps is attached.

When the reinforcement is ready, the formwork is finally fixed - the sides for the steps are installed and the boards are stuffed on top so that you can walk on them during the pouring and drying of the mortar.

Pouring concrete

In order for the structure to be monolithic, it is necessary to pour concrete stairs at a time, so you should prepare a reliable concrete mixer with a sufficient drum volume and invite an assistant. It is recommended to use concrete grades M250-300 - it is strong enough and light for such structures.

Approximate ratio of components: one bucket of water, two m-400 cements, 4 buckets of crushed stone and two sand, plus 10 grams of c-3 superplasticizer

Also, for pouring concrete stairs, pieces of reinforcement that will be comfortable to hold in your hand, a trowel, a bucket and a vibrator for concrete mixtures, with a nozzle of such a size that it passes freely through the reinforcement, will come in handy.

Formwork filling procedure:

• As a standard, the solution is poured starting from the bottom step or two. If too liquid concrete is used, then it is recommended to initially pour the first step and let it dry, but it is still better to make a monolithic structure and close the first step with a board.
• Then the concrete is bayoneted and treated with a vibrator.
• Steps 3 and 4 are poured, while the solution in the first two can begin to be squeezed out - a bucket and a trowel will come in handy here - excess concrete must be collected and poured onto the upper steps.
• Further, the rest of the steps and the march platform are poured in the same way, if it is in the structure.

Visually the whole process on the video:

After pouring, the surface of the steps is finally leveled with a trowel and left to dry. After 2-3 days, when the concrete sets, its surfaces can be sanded.

In the process of hardening of concrete, its surfaces must be periodically moistened with water, which will increase its strength.

Order and terms of demoulding

Until the solution has completely dried, it is not recommended to walk on the formwork, even if it is the entrance staircase to the house, it is necessary to prepare other opportunities for access to the room in advance.

The drying time of the concrete solution is about 2 weeks. Formwork boards from the steps can be removed after about a week to initially evaluate the quality of the pour. After another week, you can completely remove the side boards, and three weeks after pouring, you can safely remove the support bars.

When the concrete is completely set, the ladder can be used to move around the house, dragging tools and other equipment.

After the repair is completed, the concrete staircase can be finally sanded and a suitable finishing option can be chosen for it - overhead steps made of wood, laminate or tile.

Choosing a ladder reinforcement scheme
Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

Before starting the reinforcement of the concrete stairs, it is necessary to assemble the formwork of the stairs, and then concrete the stairs. How to do it yourself is described in the article Do-it-yourself concrete stairs.

Bar reinforcement is great for reinforcing concrete stairs with simple shapes.

To understand what and why to reinforce, let's look at the forces that arise on a single-flight staircase.

This will be the force of gravity from the own weight of the stairs, its pedestrians, things brought in and other heavy property. All of the above puts pressure on the stairs from above.

At the same time, in the upper part of the stair slab, the concrete is compressed, and in the lower part it is stretched. All this means that concrete, which is weak in tension, needs to be reinforced at the bottom of the stair slab. In the upper part of the slab of the stairs, in this case, there is no need to reinforce the concrete, where the concrete will perfectly withstand compressive forces without any reinforcement. It should be noted that some private developers, when assembling the reinforcing cages of stairs, lay steel channels, angles, beams, etc. into the formwork on the sides.

Of course, it won’t get any worse, but this is a completely useless waste of metal that is not cheap today. Reinforcement of a concrete staircase with reinforcement at the bottom is more than enough to absorb tensile forces.

The figure shows a reinforcement scheme for a simple single-flight staircase. It can be seen that a single-flight monolithic staircase (without a monolithic platform or winders) is reinforced only in the lower part of the slab, that is, where tensile forces are concentrated.

Sometimes you can find projects where the top of the stairs near the top surface of the concrete is reinforced with a 100x100x5 mm steel mesh. Such a mesh practically does not increase the rigidity of a monolithic staircase in any way, but only protects the steps from chipping in case of accidental strong impacts.
Such a simple nature of the impact on a simple single-flight staircase allows you to use a simplified methodology to draw up a reinforcement scheme.

It is quite possible to determine the optimal reinforcement scheme for such simple monolithic stairs on your own.

Designations in the figure of the concrete staircase reinforcement scheme: working height of the monolithic staircase slab (H), length of the flight of stairs (L).

The distance between the transverse reinforcement (E) is usually chosen to be 40 cm. Bars with a diameter of 10 mm are used as transverse reinforcement. The optimal distance of power reinforcement to the surface is 3 cm.

The height of the working plate of the stairs (H), the diameter of the longitudinal reinforcement and the distance between the bars of the longitudinal reinforcement (I) is selected according to the table. 1 depending on the free flight of stairs (L).

Table 1. Determination of the longitudinal reinforcement of a single-flight concrete staircase

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the forces that arise in the design of a monolithic staircase, the reinforcement scheme of the concrete staircase becomes more complicated.

The picture shows that, unlike a conventional single-flight ladder without a platform, the own and useful weight of the ladder wants to break off the platforms, as it were, causing tensile forces in the upper parts of the monolithic platforms.

This, in part, is helped by shrinkage stresses. Therefore, monolithic platforms are reinforced both from below and from above, and the upper reinforcement in the platforms partially continues in the stairs. The parameters of the upper reinforcing cage are selected similarly to the lower reinforcement.

The landings of double-flight stairs are under great effort from the weight of the stairs, and therefore must be firmly fixed to the wall.

In practice, to fix monolithic platforms, reinforced concrete crowns are most often used, which are formed by recesses in the walls with an average size of 20x20 cm. Thus, in order to fix a monolithic concrete platform, strong and thick walls are needed, for example, from concrete, concrete blocks or bricks . With brick walls, free recesses are left in them, and in the case of erecting thick walls of monolithic concrete, wooden trapeziums or foam products of the appropriate size are laid at the site of the site.

If the walls are built using the “thermal house” monolithic casting technology, then it is most practical to monolith the flights of stairs and the landing at the stage of wall construction.

Stairs with monolithic platforms to increase structural rigidity should be attached from above to the reinforcing cage with top and bottom reinforcement.

As for the schemes for reinforcing concrete stairs with their own hands with winders and spiral stairs, their schemes for reinforcing bar reinforcement are too complex and individual.

To compile them, at least, you will have to use special programs for calculations and design of reinforced concrete structures.

Do-it-yourself concrete staircase and its finishing options

Therefore, the design of the reinforcement scheme for such stairs is best left to professional designers, especially since the project itself will be relatively inexpensive in the total cost of a complex staircase.

In order for the bars of the reinforcement cage to maintain their design position in accordance with the reinforcement scheme, you need to fasten all the bars of the reinforcement together. For fastening reinforcing meshes, either spot welding or knitting can be used.

There is an opinion that welding leads to a decrease in the strength of the reinforcement, but this is true only if special high-strength reinforcement is used. In this case, indeed, high-strength hardened reinforcement due to heat treatment at the welding points turns into ordinary building reinforcement. Such high-strength fittings are expensive and are produced by only a few factories in the CIS on special orders.

For conventional building reinforcement, welding does not harm in any way and is the main method of connecting reinforcing cages in industry.

Assembling the reinforcing cage of the stairs

If there is no welding machine at hand, then the reinforcing mesh can simply be tied with annealed knitting wire using a hook.

Hook for fast binding is convenient to clamp in an electric screwdriver.

It is even more convenient to fasten reinforcing cages with the help of electrical plastic clamps. The truth about this method of connecting reinforcement is so far hushed up by domestic SNiPs, but this method of bonding is already being used to the fullest abroad and at private construction sites.

To maintain a distance between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement of 3 cm, it is convenient to use plastic clamps, which are sold in building supermarkets.

For a monolithic staircase, it is preferable to use a retainer shaped like a "chair".

Sometimes it is not possible to assemble a reinforcing cage from continuous bars of the desired length.

It is difficult to do this when connecting on bends, since it is not convenient to bend the reinforcement without a bending machine. In this case, it is possible to connect power reinforcement from pieces. The connection is made by welding or ligament. As welding, the easiest way is to use manual electric arc seam welding between the bars of the reinforcement. When welding the bars with an overlap on both sides of the joint, there must be at least 6 diameters, and with a weld on only one side, at least 12 diameters.

In the case of a two-flight staircase with a monolithic platform, the diameter of the wire, which is taken to fix two reinforcing meshes, must be at least 6 mm. If the power reinforcement is connected to each other by tying, then the overlap should be (on average) equal to 50 diameters of the connected reinforcement.

If there are several joints to be connected, then they are staggered so that they are at a distance of 0.7–1 m from each other.

The construction of houses, dachas, cottages has recently been one of the most common "hobbies" for most Russians. Who is richer, he hires professional builders, someone is trying to slowly cope on their own. It is this category that most often searches for building advice on the Internet.

It is for those who want to build their own house with their own hands, our guide about how - " How to make a concrete staircase yourself».

Stairs are usually installed in buildings of more than one floor, but sometimes stairs are required to be made into the basement.

After all, not a single private house can do without a basement today. Where else to store the "gifts of nature": potatoes, pickles, preservation and jam?

The most durable and durable is a concrete staircase. And, by the way, the process of its arrangement is quite within the power of a skilled owner.

Calculation of a concrete staircase

If interfloor stairs in a house under construction are planned from concrete, then their calculation is done at the project stage.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands: recommended dimensions, materials and technology

If it became necessary to equip a staircase for descending to the basement or to the basement, then measurements should be taken on the spot, a drawing should be made for the future structure, and then proceed with its construction. Before you make a concrete staircase yourself, you should consider involving a specialist in the work.

In order for the stairs to be comfortable, it is necessary to remember the standard building codes that have been used for a long time.

So, the optimal width of the stairs is 1 meter, the minimum is 80 cm, and the maximum is optional. The optimal step height is 17-18 cm (if facing is planned, then the height of the facing material is minus).

Convenient step width - 28-30 cm, i.e. on the length of the foot, (if the staircase is made with winder steps, then their width is calculated based on the angle of rotation of the stairs).

When calculating stairs, the angle of elevation is important. Optimal - 30-35 degrees. It is important to observe the distance from the ceiling to any step, which cannot be less than 2 m.

Sequence of work

Work must be carried out in a strict sequence:

• mount the formwork;
• to reinforce the frame of the future stairs;
• concrete stairs.

The most time-consuming process is the installation of formwork.

The simplest formwork is made for stairs laid between two walls that perform load-bearing functions. The marking of the future stairs is done directly on the wall and the frame itself is attached to them.

For stairs, which are attached to the wall only on one side, it will be necessary to provide supports.

We put the formwork

The actual formwork for a concrete staircase is a box, at the bottom of which there is a solid slab (it is advisable to close it with a film), side walls that correspond to the shape of the steps, and transverse boards that form the steps themselves.

With a step length of up to one meter, you need to take boards with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and if more than a meter, then you do not need to compact them with a second board. Boards for end formwork can have a thickness of about 30 mm.

Formwork elements can be fastened with wood screws with a diameter of 3.5 mm, they are easier to remove during dismantling than nails.

Corner elements are best connected using metal corners.

The boards that form the steps are set with a slight offset - the second step is made 2 centimeters below the top edge of the first. According to this principle, formwork is built for all other steps. This is done so that the concrete does not fall out from under the boards.

To prevent concrete from soaking into the wooden parts of the formwork, it is abundantly moistened before concreting, or protected with a waterproofing material.

The manufactured formwork must be well strengthened, since the concrete is very heavy and a cubic meter weighs 2.5 thousand kilograms. Therefore, the reinforcement is also attached to the side supports by about 15-25 cm.

For a non-professional builder, the procedure for knitting the reinforcement necessary to give strength to the stairs will be difficult.

Reinforcing cage manufacturing

As a rule, steel ribbed reinforcement with a diameter of 10 - 12 mm is used, which is knitted at the intersections with wire.

There must be at least 3 cm between the bottom of the formwork and the reinforcement.

If you plan to install a railing, then you should make mortgages from wood.

After that, you can start concreting.

Remember that the steps and the slab are poured with concrete in one step. The optimal composition of concrete contains 10 parts of cement, 30 parts of crushed stone, 20 parts of sand, 7 parts of water.

Pouring concrete into the formwork begins from the bottom step, after pouring the mass is rammed and smoothed with a trowel.

Between concreting the steps, it is better to take short breaks - 5-10 minutes to contain the pressure of the concrete.

After pouring all the steps, it is advisable to cover the steps with a film so that the concrete does not crack when it dries quickly.

It is better to start dismantling the formwork after three to four weeks, when the concrete is completely dry. The staircase is ready: it remains to finish it to your taste.

08.12.2013 at 15:12

I. General information

II. Product Main Features

Design

V. Scope

VI. Sample project

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

VIII. Installation

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

During the construction of buildings, all the technical nuances associated with engineering projects, building technologies and building materials are developed in detail.

Multi-storey buildings, cottages, schools, kindergartens, institute buildings, banks, industrial complexes and many other residential and industrial structures have reinforced concrete stairs + reinforced concrete flights of stairs in their master plan.

I. General information

Reinforced concrete staircase and flight of stairs are connecting elements that are installed in special openings between floors or levels (this opening is called a staircase).

These elements are subject to constant kinetic or mechanical stress. Reinforced concrete products are manufactured at reinforced concrete factories, according to standard dimensions and building codes using concrete grade M300. And privately to order - according to individual sketches.

Flights for stairs is an inclined component of the stair structure, which includes load-bearing beams and a certain number of steps (from 3 to 18 steps).

Standard march width, exactly 90cm.

II. Product Main Features

- durable monolithic construction,
- has a long service life
- not subject to destructive effects from sudden temperature changes,
- does not rot and is not destroyed by insects or rodents,
- has high resistance to chemical and mechanical influences,
- does not tend to age
- has high wear resistance,
– the possibility of diversity in the decorative and finishing design of the flooring,
- the ability to manufacture any shape and configuration,
- acceptability of price and quality,
- stair steps are reinforced concrete, fire-resistant and durable.

Reinforced concrete stairs and marches have one single minus - the weighting of the overall structure of the building.

III.

According to the methodology of the production process and engineering technologies, products are divided into:
- on a monolithic type (prefabricated),
- combined type.

By the number of marches used, concrete stairs are classified:
- on single-march,
- double march
- three-march
- and screw.

The form is: straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, screw and exclusive configuration.

According to GOST, reinforced concrete flights of stairs are divided into the following types:
— flat march without frieze step elements (LM)
- march of ribbed type with equipment of frieze steps (LMF),
- ribbed march with a half-platform (LMP).

IV.

Design

All reinforced concrete elements of the stairs - marches, steps, platforms and beams, as well as additional components and fastening materials make up the reinforced concrete structures of the stairs, which are obviously displayed in the project documentation of the house, namely in the drawing of the staircase.

The design parameters of the prefabricated modification divide the products into small-sized and large-sized ones.

A small group is assembled from separate elements into a composition, which includes steps, stringers (or without stringers), platform beams and slabs.

The heaviest of this design are platform beams (300-450kg).

Large-sized or industrial stairs differ in size and number of structural elements: platforms and marches.

v.

Application area

– industrial complexes of all kinds,
- schools and kindergartens,
- airport and railway stations,
- cinemas and restaurants,
- buildings of higher educational institutions,
- ordinary stairs for a reinforced concrete house up to 3 floors,
- multi-storey frame, brick, stone houses and other areas.

VI.

Sample project

The development of drawing and technical information with the provision of all structural details of the future stairs is a standard project. Several options with drawings are provided for consideration by the customer. They include technical drawings with component parts and their dimensions. Drawings can be drawn up individually for each type of stairs. Namely: with straight, L-shaped, U-shaped, U-shaped, curved, spiral staircases.

How to make a concrete staircase with your own hands

In three dimensions and in section, all the complexities of the future structure in combination with the interior of the house are clearly visible.


A typical design of a staircase complex is carried out before the construction of a house (low-rise or multi-storey buildings). It is included in the general construction project.

All details of the project plan are negotiated and agreed with the customer. A typical project for the installation of reinforced concrete stairs and marches can be ordered from state design organizations or private design bureaus.

List of detailed information of the drawing part of the project
exact technical marks for high-rise installation,
range of sizes in the horizontal and vertical plane,
clearance niches for fastening products;
parameters of concrete steps,
all technical data for establishing beam products,
calculation of the resistance of buildings to the additional weight of stairs,

Typical projects are divided into standard (for multi-storey buildings), and non-standard or customized(for private houses).

The first includes prefabricated stairs (factory), consisting of two elements: stairs and march. To the second - all other options.

In typical projects of private houses up to 3 floors and above, they take into account: firstly, the size of the site allocated for construction or installation, secondly, the manufacturing and installation technology, the type of raw materials used in production and the shape of the staircase, thirdly, the place provided for installation (bearing walls, the middle of the hall) and the geographical area.

The number of steps, width, height and shape are agreed with the customer.

VII. Do-it-yourself reinforced concrete staircase manufacturing

The question always arises “how to make a reinforced concrete staircase with your own hands?” When performing this work, some skills in the construction industry are required, as well as to perfectly study the installation steps: assembly of the formwork, installation of the frame from the reinforcement and concrete pouring of the frame.

Formwork assembly is the most sensitive moment– an accurate selection of formwork for each element is carried out.

Wooden boards, plywood and metal sheets can serve as formwork. When installing the wooden formwork, it is necessary to soak it in water to prevent the absorption of moisture from the concrete and the violation of the geometric shape of the steps, etc.

elements. An easy option for manual installation is the option of a wall ladder or an inter-wall ladder. The most difficult operation is the manufacture of formwork for a spiral staircase type.

All options are inherent in the installation of supporting beams from a thick beam.

After the final assembly and strengthening of the formwork sections, the marches and platforms are reinforced. The role of reinforcement is performed by metal rods and mesh. The final step is pouring concrete. To prepare the concrete composition, you will need cement, sand, crushed stone. All components are diluted with water, then mixed in a concrete mixer for 15 minutes.

Using buckets, the solution is poured into the formwork.

Within 25-28 days, concrete takes one hundred percent maturity time to start decorating. Natural wood, laminate, thick plastic, cork - ideal for finishing work.

Accurate technological execution of phased construction will give concrete structures strength and appropriate resistance to various destructive environments.

All do-it-yourself products, elements and stairs (reinforced concrete) have a number of advantages, namely: high resistance to mechanical stress due to the used building materials, special decorative finishes and various exclusive forms, therefore stairs in private houses, reinforced concrete, are preferred by all customers with country houses.

VIII.

Installation

Installation begins with the pouring of the concrete pad on the first floor in the flight of stairs. Precise marks are made in advance for reinforced concrete structures. Each plate is checked for defects.

Installation steps: stringers of 2 marches go into the nests of platform beams. The stepped part is superimposed on the stringers, resting on it with its ends, while the leading edge rests on the step lying below.

The march consists of two steps - lower and upper. Their purpose is the transition to the site. In turn, the site is a reinforced concrete slab with an emphasis, which serves as the bearing walls of the building or concrete beams. The handrails are attached with screws to the grate.

The connection of these structural elements is carried out by welding.

Factory marches have a solid section, and treads are folded or overhead. Handrails are delivered to the site in finished form and installed on site. The weight of the reinforced concrete element reaches 1t.

When installing reinforced concrete large-sized positions, teams of professional builders and special equipment (crane) are involved. The installation technology is carried out simultaneously with the construction of high-rise buildings. The phasing of the technological process is recommended to be strictly observed, otherwise it is fraught with unforeseen circumstances - the collapse of stair structures or cracks in the bearing walls and the products themselves.

Installation of stairs on metal stringers reinforced concrete is the easiest option and consists in: installation of stringers, installation of formwork and reinforcement, the last - pouring concrete.

Such an architectural composition can be installed anywhere. Mounted without the use of additional equipment, unless the weight of marches does not exceed 350-400kg.

IX. The average cost of stairs made of reinforced concrete

To the attention of builders - combined reinforced concrete stairs can be bought in ready-made prefabricated form at factories. And also individually it is possible to make reinforced concrete flights of stairs to order in professional companies for the production of reinforced concrete products.

Product type (length) (width) (height) (weight) price

ML30-60-10(9 speed) (3610.0) (1050.0) (1200.0) (1.80) 10570r
ML30-60-12(9 speed) (3610.0) (1200.0) (1200.0) (2.0) 11860r
ML36-60-13(11 speed) (4280.0) (1350.0) (1200.0) (2.70) 17970r
1LM30.11.15-4 (3000.0) (1050.0) (2500.0) (1.480) 9850r
1LM30.12.15-4 (3000.0) (1200.0) (2500.0) (1.70) 10500r
LM1(3910.0) (1050.0) (1600.0) (1.920) 11650r
LM2(4250.0) (1050.0) (1800.0) (2.080) 10750r

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete

When building country houses and apartments on several levels, stairs are used. These integral elements must be practical and safe.

Most often, monolithic concrete stairs have recently begun to be used, since they do not need to be processed after pouring and have a number of undeniable advantages.

1. Calculations and drafting
2. Manufacturing

Device options and advantages

The structure can be both indoors and outdoors and, depending on the type, consists of one or two inclined beams and steps.

As load-bearing elements can be used:

• Stringer of a monolithic staircase - can be made of reinforced concrete or steel, the steps are attached from above.
• Bowstring - the steps are inserted into the grooves located on the inside. It is made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood.

Monolithic stairs made of concrete have a number of undeniable advantages: strength, durability, high environmental friendliness.

The design does not require frequent repairs, can be made to order. The advantages include relatively inexpensive materials and work.

It is very important that high-quality monolithic stairs made of concrete are silent and safe.

Main types

Step products are different:

• A concrete staircase for a house can be completely monolithic.

  It is poured into a pre-prepared formwork, which is dismantled after the cement mortar has set. It is worth noting that for the home this option has recently been used infrequently. There are several reasons for this, but the main one lies in the large weight, due to which the load on the foundation increases significantly. But the basement or courtyard stairs made of concrete are not uncommon today.

• Combined - made of cement-sand mortar and metal.

  They consist of a stainless steel frame and concrete steps. In this case, the formwork is assembled for each of them separately.

There is another classification of monolithic concrete stairs:

• Marching - may contain 1, 2 or more spans, called marches. According to building codes, the ideal angle is 45˚. The most optimal march is considered to have 9 steps, sometimes it is advisable to use more, although then you will also have to make a landing.

  In width, it should be the same as the span, and its length should not exceed 1.5 medium steps. This type is one of the most common.

• Screw or spiral - are a more complex design, so they are not used very often.

  They are not very convenient, but take up little space, so they can be used in small areas. Screw monolithic reinforced concrete stairs are calculated and designed much easier than marching ones.

  Do-it-yourself concrete staircase - calculations, installation, tips on how to do it

  So, if the length of the steps is 0.5 m, the length of the entire staircase structure will be approximately 2 times longer. In the interior of modern houses and multi-level apartments, they look very elegant and stylish. They can be successfully combined with marching ones. So, in the main part of the house, a product of the first type is installed, for example, from the 1st to the 2nd floor, and from the 2nd to the attic - a spiral staircase, which will save not only money, but also space.

The product can be ordered from professional builders or made independently.

It should be noted right away that this is a very time-consuming process, and for those who have never worked with a cement-sand mixture, it is better not to undertake it, as this will jeopardize the safety of movement. Do not forget that a monolithic staircase with your own hands should be made of high-strength concrete.

It should be thick and not slide out of the formwork, thus violating the symmetry.

In order to calculate the height, you need to measure it from the floor to the part of the wall where the last step will end.

After that, visually draw a diagonal from the end point to the floor so that you get a right triangle. Then calculate the most optimal march width, length and height of each step. Do not forget to deduct the height of the upper floor slab, as well as those that will serve as the base of the stairs and its platform, if you decide to make a two-flight structure.

Write down all the calculations on paper and draw a drawing. When calculating the height of the steps, do not forget that they will be lined with some material, such as plastic or carpet, their thickness must be taken into account.

We make a staircase with our own hands

Only the highest quality materials are used. The grade of concrete for the manufacture of a monolithic staircase should not be less than M-300.

• Start with formwork assembly. It is necessary so that the cement-sand mixture does not leak out and does not spread, it is advisable to use moisture-resistant plywood. Do not forget about the special adhesive lubricant, which will help you easily and without damaging the surface to dismantle the prefabricated equipment.
• Reinforced mesh, consisting of strong metal rods, welded together by a point method, is an indispensable component of both mid-flight monolithic stairs and spiral ones.

  It performs the function of a skeleton that prevents concrete from cracking and crumbling.

• After the formwork and reinforced mesh are ready, you can start concreting monolithic stairs. It is worth noting that they are installed before the finishing of the dwelling, during construction. Make sure that the concrete is viscous and start pouring it into the formwork. It is more convenient to do this from the top step.

  It is very important to monitor the absence of bubbles and voids; each freshly poured step must be tamped. To do this, use a vibrator.

Stair structures made of monolithic concrete can be used only after the surface has completely dried. And facing work is best left at the time of completion of the interior decoration of the house.

Price

If you do not want to do the work yourself, then you can turn to specialists.

The price of a monolithic concrete staircase in Moscow in this case will be approximately as follows:

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: photo and video instruction

Concrete is a material of extraordinary strength and durability. But for the builder, its most interesting property is the plasticity of the freshly prepared mixture. If structures from other materials are precisely constructed, that is, they are made up of elements, then concrete ones are poured according to the finished form.

A monolithic concrete staircase is without a doubt the most durable of all.

In this case, the view can be more than fantastic. In this lesson, you will learn how to make a monolithic concrete staircase with your own hands without the involvement of specialists.

To do this, you only need desire, perseverance, patience and determination.

Varieties of construction

According to the method of manufacturing concrete stairs are classified into two types:

1. monolithic - the march and the landing, if any, are a single unit and are made as one structure.

   For a monolithic concrete staircase, the price varies depending on the structure;

2. combined - march elements are produced separately. For example, a metal frame is installed, and steps for stairs are made of concrete.

In the first case, the entire process is carried out at the installation site. In the second, the structure is only assembled on site.

Do-it-yourself calculation, installation, pouring and finishing of concrete stairs

In the photo - monolithic stairs made of concrete.

Requirements

A concrete structure, with its other advantages, has one significant minus for private construction - a lot of weight.

Therefore, before deciding how to make a concrete staircase in the house, you first need to make sure that the wall and floor can withstand such a load.

A standard march 4 m long and 1 m wide march weighs about 2.5 tons. Such structures should be supported by either a monolithic foundation or a reinforced concrete beam.

When installing in an already finished building, another difficulty may arise.

If a layer of heat insulator is placed under the coating, then under the weight of the march it will push through. Before installation, it is necessary to disassemble the floor and remove the insulation.

Construction of concrete stairs

This whole process is laborious and lengthy, since the installation of the formwork, and pouring, and, most importantly, the hardening of the material, take a lot of time.

However, a do-it-yourself concrete staircase is a doable task.

Do-it-yourself work on the construction of concrete stairs is carried out in several stages:

• layout;
• formwork device;
• reinforcement;
• pouring concrete.

preliminary calculations

The manufacture of concrete stairs will not require excessive effort if its construction is foreseen at the planning stage.

The easiest option is to make steps between two walls. And the formwork in this case is simple, and the volume of concrete is minimal.

If the building has already been built, then the arrangement of stairs will depend on the parameters of the room.

When choosing a project, you need to remember some features:

• the steeper the march angle, the less concrete will be required and the lower the price of the product.

  But at the same time, the greater the slope, the more difficult it is to rise and fall along it;

• it is easier to build a landing than winder steps;
• for spiral staircases, it will require a lot of custom-shaped formwork panels, which will greatly complicate installation. The price goes up as well.
• when calculating, it is necessary to take into account the recommended sizes of steps, otherwise it will be extremely inconvenient to use it.

Formwork manufacturing

In fact, this is a wooden form on which concrete is poured.

Formwork is constructed from plywood 12–18 mm thick or edged boards 3 cm.

1. If the formwork for a concrete staircase is intended to be used once, then the material is not protected. If repeatedly, then the product is covered with glassine, old linoleum, roofing material.
2. The material is fastened with wood screws: nails are difficult to remove after concreting.
3. For props and temporary racks, a beam with a cross section of up to 10 * 10 cm is used. The number of props is calculated based on the fact that a pine beam 3 m long can withstand up to 150 kg.
4. All elements are cut from plywood or boards with a jigsaw and assembled according to a sketch.

   When finished, the formwork looks like a staircase model, in which only the upper part of the step and platform are missing.

5. It is better to make side formwork from plywood, the bottom from boards, as shown in the photo.

Reinforcement of the staircase structure

Before pouring the formwork of the stairs with concrete, reinforcement is made.

The metal frame significantly increases the strength of the product, prevents cracking and crumbling of concrete. Mounting rods and steel mesh are used.

1. At the stage of installing the formwork in the wall, you need to make strobes for attaching mounting rods.
2. Transverse rods are fixed in the strobes, then longitudinal rods are laid - the step between them depends on the length of the span.
3. Reinforcing bars are fastened either by spot welding or wire knitting.

   The latter method is more appropriate for a small amount of work.

4. The resulting frame mesh should rise 5–10 mm above the bottom. To do this, plastic bosses are installed under the grid.
5. The side edge of the step is reinforced with a reinforcing bar, the top is reinforced with a flat steel mesh fixed to the main frame.

Stair concreting

For pouring concrete stairs, a mortar grade of at least B15 is used.

The composition is made independently in a concrete mixer. At least 4 parts of crushed stone (fraction 10 - 20 millimeters) must be added to the finished solution so that the concrete does not flow out of the formwork during pouring.

The technology for the construction of stairs made of concrete provides for a sequence of the following steps:

1. Concreting of stairs is done at a time, so it is advisable to prepare the solution in one portion.
2. The formwork is wetted with water.
3. Filling is done from the bottom up.
4. The steps are rammed and carefully leveled with a trowel.
5. Concrete surfaces are covered with a film to prevent uneven drying.
6. Formwork and supports are removed after the concrete has hardened - not earlier than after 4 weeks.

Concrete monolithic stairs are designed for the most severe operating conditions.

For external structures, it is difficult to find a more resistant and unpretentious material. Inside the building, the attractiveness of the structure is equally important. Finishing is possible the most diverse: wood cladding, cladding with artificial stone or ceramic tiles, a combination of materials. The choice of design depends only on the features of the interior and personal tastes.

The video below will tell you in detail about the construction of a monolithic concrete staircase on your own!

Good luck with your construction!

Do-it-yourself monolithic concrete staircase: video