How to make cinder blocks at home How to make building blocks with your own hands. We make a machine for the production of cinder blocks

Cinder blocks are widely used in the construction of not only outbuildings, garages, but also capital construction. They have a low price, because they consist of inexpensive materials, have good heat-insulating, noise-absorbing characteristics. A small specific gravity allows you to save on the foundation, which can be erected lightweight. The impressive dimensions of the blocks can significantly reduce the time for the construction of facilities.

Another advantage of this structural material is that it can be purchased not only in the finished version, but also produced independently. This allows you to significantly reduce the cost of construction of absolutely any object, regardless of its purpose. Of course, the production of cinder blocks requires a certain amount of time, but they fully pay off due to significant monetary savings, especially when building fairly large buildings.

Production of cinder blocks at home

The technology for obtaining a cinder block with your own hands involves two different approaches:

Simple. It consists in using exclusively containers in which the solution reaches the desired condition. The blocks are dried naturally until the cement hardens.
Complicated. It implies the use of vibration devices. Most often, a vibrating table is used or the form itself is supplied with a motor that has a vibration function.

The most high-quality products are obtained by the second method, but the first one also makes it possible to produce a fairly good building material.

vibrating machine

It is necessary for the construction of a capital building, the building material for which must have increased quality and strength characteristics. The installation can be purchased already in a ready-made solution or made independently.

To make a cinder block machine, you will need:

cargo;
cylinders;
a metal sheet,
asynchronous motor.

If cinder blocks are required for the construction of an outbuilding, then it is quite possible to do without a vibrating machine.

Step-by-step instructions for the production of the installation

A homemade vibrating machine is made as follows:

make two steel blanks 40x25 and 20x25, four stiffeners 4x4 and a clamp 39.5x19.5 cm;
large plates go to the blank of the matrix 40x20x25 cm, the welding seam of which should be located on the outer side;
cylinders that form voids in final products are cut from pipes with diameters of 80 cm;
the cut parts of the pipe are placed in a vertical row inside the matrix, and the vibrator is fixed to the long side of the installation with bolts through the mounting holes;
a visor is attached above the resulting device, which protects the installed engine from the harmful effects of precipitation.

The unit is ready for use after being welded to the retainer handles. The resulting home-made mill can be operated for its intended purpose immediately after the completion of work on its creation.
If the design is not stable enough, this can also be corrected. For this purpose, some kind of support should be attached to the edges of the visor.

Forms for cinder blocks

Factory forms are made of iron or steel, capable of withstanding the weight of large volumes of mortar, calculated in whole tons. In home production, they are made of wood and steel sheet, they serve as a container for casting cinder blocks, but they serve as a kind of formwork. The main thing is to consider the thickness of the material. Otherwise, the products will turn out to be smaller than planned.

To save time and material, molds are made, as a rule, without a bottom, and a regular film is placed under them. This greatly simplifies the entire process of producing cinder blocks. Forms should be made of impeccably even wooden parts, and the working surface should be a concrete surface, a table with a smooth top or an iron sheet, also without any defects.
Glass bottles are used to form voids. It is not recommended to take plastic ones, as they can be deformed. The container is filled with water. Otherwise, it will simply begin to float to the surface of the solution.

Detailed instructions for making containers for cinder blocks

The common block size is 40x20x20 centimeters. Structural elements can be made and other than standard dimensions. This is especially convenient for private developers.

To make molds for cinder blocks, you need:

take sanded boards with a length of 14 cm and a width multiple of this size;
with a hacksaw from a rail, cut segments that will serve as transverse partitions;
combine the segments with the longitudinal sides to obtain a rectangular frame;
cut a steel sheet or any durable and smooth material into 14x30 cm plates;
inside the resulting structure, cuts are made - grooves, with a width equal to the dividing strips;
distribution segments are inserted into cuts, obtaining a form for manufacturing from three or more cinder blocks.

In order for the container for solidifying the solution to last as long as possible and be of high quality, it is recommended to cover both wooden and metal parts with oil paint at the final stage. This form is suitable for the production of blocks 14x14x30 cm. If elements with other dimensions are required, the original values are changed to other sizes.

The composition of the mixture for cinder blocks

It is possible to obtain high-quality cinder blocks only when using a properly mixed solution. It is obtained from the following components:

cement;
sand;
water;
slag components.

In order for the final elements to have high characteristics, the correct proportions between the constituent components must be adhered to:

slag - 7 parts;
cement - 1 part;
sand - 3 parts;
water - 1 part.

The best option is to use cement grades M400 or M500. The first is cheaper, but the second allows you to reduce the amount of raw materials by 10-15%, improve the quality of the resulting cinder block.
Given that cement is the most expensive part, saving on its purchase is not entirely appropriate. In addition, the higher the brand, the lower the consumption, which also needs to be taken into account.

Slag components

Cinder blocks got their name because most of the solution falls on slag. Absolutely any construction waste is used as it:

metallurgical and crushed stone;
battle formed from cement, bricks, glass;
ash or peat;
sawdust.

There are no special requirements for this component of the mixture. What kind of slag to use depends on what the developer has at his disposal. Along with waste, granulated polystyrene foam can also be added.

Production of cinder blocks on a vibrating machine

The production technology on both the self-made and the purchased mini-installation is identical:

the production cycle begins with mixing the solution in a concrete mixer;
the resulting mixture is poured into the mold, leveled with a trowel;
the vibrator is turned on and the solution is kept in shape for 20 to 60 seconds;
the device is turned off, the installation is raised, and the finished cinder block is released.

Particular attention when leveling the solution deserves the corners, which must be carefully filled. Otherwise, the geometry of the final product may suffer.

Making cinder blocks using molds

A little more difficult than using a special installation. This is due to the fact that the solution has to be compacted independently.

The production itself looks like this:

prepared components in the required proportions are placed in a concrete mixer, mixed;
forms are filled with the finished solution, and tamping is carried out with a hammer, tapping the containers so that all the air comes out;
if the blocks are supposed to be made with voids, then bottles filled with water are installed in each element, as a rule, two pieces are enough.

The greatest difficulty in manufacturing blocks without a vibrating machine is tamping. If air remains inside the mixture, this negatively affects the quality of the final product.

Drying cinder blocks

The production of blocks takes from two to four days. The final strength, at which the elements are completely ready for use, they gain after 28 days. That is how much time is required to obtain a building material suitable for the construction of a particular object.

During the drying period, measures must be taken to prevent cracking of the blocks while they harden. To prevent the elements from cracking, they are periodically moistened. This is especially important when the blocks are made in hot summer weather.
It should be remembered that voids do not affect the strength of products in any way. On the contrary, they increase the noise-absorbing and heat-insulating properties of the material, which positively affects the quality of the building.

To get cinder blocks for the construction of a structure that will stand for many years, the following nuances should be observed:

do not place blocks on top of each other during drying;
always make drawings of shapes and blocks first, so that no difficulties arise during construction;
observe the recommended proportions when mixing the solution and production technology.

On the twenty-ninth day, when the cinder blocks have completely hardened and dried, they can already be laid one on top of the other.

Cinder block is a fairly cheap material for the construction of low-rise buildings. In addition, you can build a building from cinder blocks with your own hands, without resorting to the help of specialists. To reduce the cost of such blocks, they resort to the independent manufacture of cinder blocks.

The cinder block is made at home only if it is planned to build a garage or other outbuilding. If it is planned to build a residential building, then it is better to buy a cinder block, or use, for example, foam concrete.

For a small building, you can build a mold for making material with your own hands. For serial production, it is necessary to acquire a special machine designed for the manufacture of blocks.

It is preferable to make a mold for cinder blocks from metal

To make a block with your own hands, the first step is to draw up drawings of the form and equipment. Usually, the mold for the material is designed so that the output is a block of standard sizes. But you can also make the block both larger and smaller, depending on the type of building and the goals pursued.

Necessary materials for work:

wooden or metal form for the preparation of material;
necessary components for mixing the composition;
concrete mixer (can be self-made);
a warehouse for storing cinder blocks, which prevents water from entering the material;
vibrating table (it is possible without it);
vibrating machine (for the manufacture of a large number of cinder blocks).

How to make a block shape?

In production, molds are made of iron or steel so that they can handle large volumes of mortar, up to several tons. For the production of such blocks with your own hands, you can use a wooden mold. In fact, the formwork should be obtained, into which the cinder block mixture will be poured.

It is necessary to take into account the thickness of the wooden sheets when measuring, so that the dimensions of the future cinder block are the inside of the mold.

Usually, to make it more convenient to remove the cinder block, the shape is made without a bottom, placing a film under the bottom. But it is necessary to ensure that the surface of the base is even, however, like the wooden parts. The surface can be a flat table, a concrete surface or a sheet of iron..

For the construction of load-bearing walls, hollow blocks are used, for which they use empty bottles that form voids, they are pre-filled with water so that they do not float out of the solution.

Composition of the mixture

To learn how to make a cinder block yourself, you need to know what is included in the mixture.

The mixture for cinder blocks has the following composition:

cement;
water;
sand;
slag components.

In fact, almost any construction waste is thrown into the mixture for cinder blocks, which is not entirely correct.

For the manufacture of cinder blocks with their own hands the following proportions must be adhered to:

7 parts of slag;
3 parts sand;
1 part cement;
1 part water.

For the manufacture of blocks, cement grade M-400 is usually used. Of course, it is better to use cement M-500. In this case, it can be used 10-15% less.

What blocks can be made from?

Making blocks with your own hands saves money. Cement, of course, will have to be purchased at the store, but the rest of the components can be obtained for free. Water and sand are natural elements that are easy to get. Slag components can be obtained from almost any construction waste:

wood sawdust;
brick fight;
glass break;
ash;
rubble waste;
battle of hardened cement mortar;
metallurgical waste.

As you can see, slag components can also be obtained for free.

How to make cinder blocks yourself?

Material manufacturing process:

The necessary components are laid in the concrete mixer in the indicated proportions. The mixture is prepared in the same way as a conventional concrete mixture for the construction of a foundation.
The mixture is poured into a pre-prepared form. After pouring, it must be compacted. In mass production, this is done using a special vibrating machine. But in his absence, this can be done by tapping with an ordinary hammer on top of the mold. This is necessary so that the mixture is properly compacted and fills all the voids in the form, and also that all air bubbles come out. After all, the more air is contained inside the block, the less its strength becomes.
To form voids, it is necessary to put glass bottles pre-filled with water. Usually 2 bottles are used for one block, which are placed evenly over the entire base of the mixture.

Ready-made cinder blocks are usually removed from the molds after 2-4 days. The material will fully harden after 28 days., only then the blocks can be used in construction. In order to prevent cracking of the resulting cinder blocks at the time of hardening, they must be periodically moistened with water, especially if drying occurs in hot weather.

Voids in the block do not reduce its strength, but increase thermal insulation and sound absorption

Manufacturing Equipment

The method described above is considered low-cost. It is useful for those who want to build a small outbuilding. If it is planned to mass-produce cinder blocks, special equipment is needed, the price of which may vary according to some indicators.

The equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks is a vibrating machine. Prices per piece for it are completely different, and may differ in a number of ways:

manufacturer;
power;
performance.

Blocks during drying are not recommended to be placed on top of each other, but only after complete drying.

The quality of the structure directly depends on the quality of the cinder blocks, so the process of their manufacture must be approached very responsibly. It is necessary to keep drawings, observe safety precautions and be competent in mixing the mixture, and in observing the necessary proportions.

Price

One block with dimensions 188x190x390 costs from 22 to 65 rubles, depending on a number of indicators. But if you learn how to make cinder blocks at home, then the material can be obtained even cheaper. The only thing you have to spend money on is the equipment and materials necessary for the manufacture of cinder blocks.

Conclusion

In order to make cinder blocks yourself, you do not need to be a professional and undergo training. The process of making blocks is very simple. If you plan to build a small outbuilding, then there is no need to buy material, you can make it yourself even without special equipment.

If you plan to build a large building, for example, a house with several floors, in this case you will need special equipment capable of producing dozens of blocks per hour. Thus, you can increase the speed of construction.

How do-it-yourself cinder blocks are made at home is clear from the video:

Cinder block is one of the most demanded materials today. It is used for the construction of objects for various purposes and of various sizes. It can be small outbuildings or industrial buildings.

For the manufacture of cinder blocks, a special device is used, the principle of which is to vibrocompress the concrete mixture. To significantly save on building material, you can make building blocks with your own hands. To do this, you need to purchase or independently design a vibropressing machine.

To start making concrete blocks with your own hands, you need to prepare all the tools and materials that you may need in the process. The standard size of the cinder block is 390x188x190 mm. The inside of the product remains hollow. Two or three holes act as a void, the shape and size of which directly depend on the configuration of the machine.

Thanks to such voids, the cinder block provides sufficient sound absorption and thermal insulation of the house. But, despite such a hollow construction, the material is very durable and will last for many years. Starting to manufacture, you can significantly save on building material.

Initially, concrete blocks were made from slag. In order to prepare the classic version of the cinder block, some proportions should be observed:

7 parts of coal slag from a blast furnace;
2 parts of expanded clay sand (it is better to give preference to a large fraction);
2 parts of gravel, the fraction must be at least 5 and not more than 215 mm;
1.5 parts of cement brand 500;
3 parts water.

Other materials can be used as a filler, but in the classic version, it was slag that was used. Today it is difficult to get it, so brick waste, expanded clay, ash, gravel, screenings, crushed stone, gypsum or processed sawdust can be used instead. The amount of water may vary slightly depending on the filler. Its quantity must be adjusted during the preparation of the solution. The main thing is that it should not be too dry, but the spreading of the solution is also considered unacceptable.

In order to check the consistency of the solution, you need to throw a small amount on the ground. Smooth spreading of the mixture without water streaks is considered normal, and if the mixture is squeezed into a fist, it should stick together.

If do-it-yourself concrete blocks are made using slag, it is very important to control that there are no foreign objects. The slag must be cleaned from various chips, earth. It is unacceptable that unburned coal is included in the composition of the solution. In order to eliminate contamination, the material must be sifted through a sieve.

If gypsum is additionally added to the composition of the cinder block, then the proportion of materials will be slightly changed. Gypsum (1 part) is mixed with three parts of the slag mixture, water is added during mixing. Such a solution must be used immediately after preparation, since the gypsum will begin to dry quickly. It is recommended to soak the slag for some time in water before preparing such a solution.

The modern building materials market offers various additives that significantly improve the quality of the mortar. A plasticizer can be added to the solution, about 5 g per cinder block is needed. Such additives increase frost resistance, water resistance and strength.

There are two types of concrete blocks. They can be hollow and solid. The first ones are much lighter, they are used for building walls, since they do not create too much load on the foundation, in addition, such blocks have good sound and heat insulation. Solid blocks are most often used for the construction of the foundation.

In order to make a cinder block, two technologies can be used. One is based on the use of a wooden form in which the concrete mortar dries. For the second method, you must purchase or make your own special machine.

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Manufacturing method using molds

Both wood and metal can be used as the material from which such molds are made. If wood is used to create the form, it must be very well dried. It should additionally be treated with a tool that will increase moisture resistance. Otherwise, after a short time, the forms may be deformed, which will affect the geometry of the concrete blocks. The inner size of the form should be 400x200x200 mm. But this is not a limitation, the form can have a variety of sizes.

This form consists of a bottom and side walls. To make the production process faster, it is recommended to make several molds. In order for all corners of the form to be well filled, the solution should be prepared more liquid. To make the blocks hollow using a mold at home, you can use empty glass bottles.

After the solution is poured into the mold, the bottles are lowered into the mixture with their necks, the surface is leveled and the required height of the concrete block is made. After 5-6 hours, the bottles should be removed and the blocks left to dry further. Drying of the blocks lasts at least a day, after which they can be removed from the molds and stacked. Before construction, such blocks must lie down for at least 1 month.

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Concrete blocks using vibrocompression machine

Using special equipment, concrete blocks are more durable and of high quality. Is it possible to make a vibropressing machine with your own hands? Quite.

Tools that are needed to create special equipment:

grinder for cutting sheets;
welding machine;
meter and chalk (pencil) for basting;
pliers;
a hammer.

For the manufacture of matrices into which the concrete mixture will be poured, it is necessary to take sheet metal with a thickness of no more than 3 mm. The machine must be equipped with a 100 W motor, in addition, a load should be prepared that will create imbalance and vibration.

In order to make such a machine, it is necessary to use sheet steel. Workpieces are cut from it:

2 pieces measuring 400x250 mm;
2 pieces measuring 200x250 mm;
visor 400x150 mm;
ribs - 4 pieces 40x40 mm in size;
clamp size 39.5x19.5 mm.

After all the blanks are made, you can begin to assemble the main matrix. For this, parts with a size of 400x200 mm and 200x250 mm are used. It is very important that all welds are on the outside. Otherwise, the finished concrete blocks will have rounded corners. As a result, a matrix of 400x200x250 will be obtained. To make voids inside the cinder block, you need to use a pipe with a diameter of 80 mm. The length of the blanks should not exceed 250 mm.

After the main matrix is ready, it is necessary to install pipe blanks inside it. It is very important to control their distance from each other and from the walls. All dimensions must be identical. In order to connect the pipes together and give them additional strength, prepared stiffening ribs measuring 40x40 mm should be used. This design is welded to the matrix.

The final stage includes the installation of the vibrator, it is attached to the longest side of the matrix. Bolts are used to secure it. After the bolts are tightened, they are welded for extra strength. To protect the motor from water and mortar contamination, a protective visor is welded on top. A leg is welded on the edge of the visor, which will give additional strength. For convenience, handles are welded to the matrices.

Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, constituent components, manufacturing method, but all are in demand wall structural material. Building blocks are made in industrial settings, concrete products and cinder blocks are also made in the household, which requires a do-it-yourself building block production plant. According to the material of manufacture, these products are divided into the following types:

cinder concrete;
concrete;
aerated concrete;
fiber foam concrete;
polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

Cinder block refers to standard concrete products, only instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, an aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. Such a replacement gives the material lightness compared to concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone in terms of thermal conductivity.

The production of cinder blocks provides for the exact dosage of components in the solution, namely:

cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, one part (bucket) is taken;
quarry sand, 3 parts (buckets) are kneaded;
slag, burnt brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, a solution of medium viscous consistency is used. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick one will create uncontrolled voids inside when solidified.

concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and gravel are used for the construction of wall and other structures, if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio of 1:3:6, other options for the concrete mixture are described in the builder's reference books and depend on the brand of cement used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Construction sawdust blocks

For the construction of residential buildings, cottages, cottages, light and warm wall material is used from sawdust, sand and water. The binder in the solution is lime. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, an increase in strength occurs, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the operational properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for insulation of structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long service life without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, ease of production. A do-it-yourself building block plant is available to manufacture and is popular among home craftsmen. Sawdust concrete is characterized by an increased drying time, so several through holes are made inside the product to improve air intake.

The dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated, their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to the double thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). In the manufacture of sawdust stones, dry components are first mixed, then water is added, mortar mixers are used for work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation includes a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high soundproofing, heat-insulating properties.

Fiber foam concrete products for masonry

Fiber foam concrete is essentially an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam in the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers apply polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the mass. Such wall material is very durable, does not rot, light and durable.

Blocks of their fiber foam concrete are produced in various sizes. For load-bearing walls, use 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a brick wall of the same size, 18 stones will be required, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside the building, partitions, they are used to insulate ceilings and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber foam concrete is 2.7 times less than that of brick and 2 times less than that of slag concrete and shell rock.

The large size of the blocks reduces the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by 20 times compared to building a wall of small-sized stones. Fiber foam concrete does not burn, does not change shape when exposed to high temperatures and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material belongs to the next variety of lightweight wall concrete blocks. It differs from standard concrete in better performance and reduced production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concretes in terms of weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier than it. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of styrofoam blocks involves the careful mixing of cement, sand, styrofoam particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. All other physical characteristics of the material put it one step above the usual materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of the structures being constructed. After the construction of walls from standard materials, a slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of polystyrene blocks, such a time is not expected.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures, a special device is used that works on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating machine or a vibrating table is designed independently. A do-it-yourself installation for the production of building blocks significantly reduces the cost of the blocks, respectively, and the walls of the house.

Solution preparation

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and aggregate, which are used as various materials, as described above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, a small amount is thrown onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when squeezed in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves a thorough cleaning of slag from foreign debris; chips and unburned parts of coal are not allowed to enter the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, water is simultaneously introduced. This mortar is quickly used as the plaster hardens in minutes. Pre-slag before kneading is soaked with water. To improve the quality of products at the outlet, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The former are used for the construction of solid structures, load-bearing walls, foundations. The second type of blocks is used as a partition material, it isolates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Production of concrete blocks without a vibrating table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden mold, which is designed to allow the mortar to flow naturally without vibration, is in ever-increasing demand. The placement of the solution in the prepared form is carried out in several stages. First, the container is filled with a third of the solution, after which the walls of the mold are carefully tapped around the perimeter with a hammer for high-quality shrinkage of the concrete solution. In the next two stages, the solution is poured according to the original technology until the mold is filled. The manufacture of building blocks with voids involves a technique when two plastic bottles of water are inserted into the uncured solution, which, after setting, are removed.

Forms are left for 2-5 days to dry. Then the blocks are carefully removed from the collapsible structure and laid out on pallets until completely dry. with this method of production, it is not required to purchase.

Of the tools and fixtures you will need: a sieve for sifting sand, forms for mortar, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibrating machine

To do this, a vibration machine for cinder blocks is purchased or manufactured independently. A special form made of metal is installed on the plane of the machine, and the concrete mixture with slag aggregate is poured into it by one third. After that, the vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will get good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. Blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as in the non-vibration manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate overdrying in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, so on hot days it is sprinkled with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of the manufacture of cinder blocks

Forms are made independently, using metal or wood for this, boards take at least 190-200 mm in width. They are combined into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. In the general design, no more than 6 cells for laying concrete are combined. The finished structure is installed on a dense waterproof material, such as oilcloth, which forms the bottom of the mold.

If wood is chosen as the material for the mold, then it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. Forms are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise, in the process of work, the tree will lead away from the water, and the geometric size of the block will change. The standard sizes of stones are 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for his own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding the structure, all welds are made from the outside so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using pieces of metal pipes of a suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded with strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is being made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still slightly welded by welding. The motor must be closed with a protective casing made of any material from splashes of solution, water, dust.

Production technology of sawdust concrete blocks

Available materials are not pre-processed, but you can buy them at any hardware store, so they start making blocks of sand, lime and sawdust immediately after purchase. To mix the mortar, a concrete mixer or mortar mixer is used, since manually mixing wood waste is difficult.

Dry sawdust, passed through a large sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or cooked clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is well mixed and only after that water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, it is squeezed in the hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with mortar, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in the blocks are made using wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the mortar. The material of the building blocks is tightly packed into the mold using a special rammer. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After the end of this period, the solution gains about 40% of the required strength.

The molds are dismantled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the prescribed limit. Finished products are transferred to pallets and covered from direct sunlight. Drying of blocks is faster if gaps are left between the products during storage. It is advisable to place pallets in a draft or use a fan for forced airflow.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of airing. At this time, their strength is 90%.

Machine tools and equipment

To make the number of blocks necessary for construction, they purchase a ready-made vibroforming machine. The TL-105 brand is distinguished by good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern machine tool manufacturers produce many varieties of block machines with additional features. Prices for machine tools are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, a 1IKS vibrating machine is suitable, it costs about 17,000 rubles, the power is only 0.15 kW, it produces 30 blocks of such equipment per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for the needs of construction.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will save a lot of money on the production of products. The cost price does not take into account the wages paid to the employee. Overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions are not added to the cost of the block, therefore, making building material cheaper than a house.

Many building materials on the market, you can just buy, or you can work hard and do it yourself. In the spring-autumn season, cinder block is especially popular for the construction of buildings. It is quite reliable and relatively cheap. It can be equally used for the construction of buildings of any type, for example: a garage, a house or a summer house. It is economically profitable to drive a building out of a cinder block than out of brick or wood, and the process will take many times less time.

You can save both on the material and on the method of obtaining it. You can buy a cinder block at a specialized hardware store, or you can. Of course, the second option is more complicated, but much more profitable than the first. However, it all depends on how much time you have and how much you have provided.

If the volumes are impressive, then it would be best to purchase a cinder block, it will be much faster. However, in the case of not such a large-scale construction, for example, for the construction of a garage or a bathhouse on your site, then you can make building materials yourself. Ideally, if you still have waste from the previous construction, then the costs will be minimized.

Cinder block, like many materials for construction, is produced in standard factory sizes. It is 39 centimeters long, 19 centimeters wide and 18.8 centimeters high. The plant also provides for the production of mini-blocks. They are used for partitions, and have the following parameters: length - 39 centimeters, width - 12 centimeters, height - 18.8 centimeters.

You, as a cinder block manufacturer, can deviate from the standard parameters and make the material both larger and smaller. Here it is worth considering the fact that the weight of the material ranges from 17-25 kilograms, so if you make blocks of a larger size, there is a chance that by the end of the day you will simply not be able to lift them.

The technical base of manufacturing plants everywhere uses the following equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks:

Specialized metal molds.
Vibrating table.
vibropress.

They perform certain manipulations with the material, under the influence of which it acquires a familiar shape and density. With the help of vibrations, a certain multi-ton pressure is created on the concrete and it shrinks until a shape is obtained.

When making building material with your own hands, wooden molds are often used. They can have a different shape and design, but in the end they all represent a container into which concrete is poured.

The use of a form is necessary in order for the concrete solution to seize and take the form of a cinder block. It is quite difficult to get the finished product out of the mold, so they should be made in such a way that they can be disassembled and assembled. A thick film can be used as the bottom for the mold.

You can make holes, as in a factory cinder block, using ordinary bottles. Only they need to be filled with water, otherwise they may float. Bottles must be pressed in certain places and fixed to the mold. This will ensure the quality and reliability of the material. The void can also be formed using the remains of a pipe, round or square, as well as wooden blocks.

Materials for the manufacture of cinder block

Cinder block is a material that is made from the cheapest, and sometimes free raw materials, from slag. Also, for the manufacture of this material, waste of almost any nature can be used. Remains of bricks, small or large, sawdust from wood, materials left after the combustion of coal. All of them give the cinder block heat and noise-insulating properties.

Naturally and, probably, everyone understands that this material also consists of such raw materials as: cement, water and sand. You can also use specialized additives, they will give the material special strength.

Required proportions

The proportions of concrete can be taken as the basis for the manufacture of a cinder block, only slag will be used instead of crushed stone. For one bucket of cement we take three buckets of sand and one bucket of slag.
Cement for cinder blocks is preferable to use grades M-500, you can take M-400, but then the consumption will increase by 10-15%

Naturally, manufacturing plants use specialized equipment for production, which, unfortunately, is not available at home. Because of this, we replace high-tech vibrators with ordinary tapping on the form. To do this, you can help yourself with a hammer. This must be done from the outside. Such manipulations are necessary to distribute the concrete throughout the form and fill all the voids with it. Also, tapping removes excess air from future cinder blocks and provides high strength to the material.
The filled form must be left for a period of two to four days. After this time, the cinder blocks are removed from the mold.

So that the materials do not dry out too much during the drying period, they must be periodically moistened. For this, a spray bottle with water is used or the blocks are covered with a film. You can use ready-made blocks only after a month. During this time, they will acquire the necessary strength.
Making cinder blocks at home. Video

This completes the process of manufacturing cinder blocks. As you can see, it is quite simple, but it takes a lot of time. For more information about DIY construction, see

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