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OSB board is a relatively new building material of wood origin, which is intended for various types of work. Today, 4 basic, as well as 3 special types of such plates are produced.

Method for the production of OSB boards

Any OSB (from the English oriented strand board) plate is made from waste from the woodworking industry. OSB stands for "oriented strand board (OSB)" and the main material for it is wood chips or chips. Usually, rectangular wood fragments are used for manufacturing, which are glued together in layers. If you look at the photo of the OSB board, you can see that the number of layers of wood chips can be three or four.

The special uniqueness of such a plate lies in the orientation of the fibers. If you look closely at the photo, you can notice that all the outer layers are longitudinally oriented, and the inner ones are located perpendicularly, that is, across. The chips thus formed are pressed and glued together by impregnation. Synthetic wax, resins and boric acid are also used for this. Such unique properties of the OSB board allow it to be more durable and strong.

Application

Due to the fact that there are no voids in OSB boards, they are widely used in the construction industry. This building material is used for finishing both office and residential premises. Walls are sheathed with these plates, roofing is made of them, and used as the base of the floor surface. OSB is used not only to create doors, but also upholstered furniture.

Technical characteristics of OSB boards

If we take into account the technical characteristics of OSB boards, then they are all divided into 4 main categories:

1. OSB-1- chipboards having a low material density; can only be used in rooms with low humidity. In most cases, they are used only for the manufacture of household items: furniture, wooden packaging, etc.
2. OSB-2- having a higher density, therefore they are used as load-bearing structures used inside dry rooms.
3. OSB-3- as the reviews show, it is by far the most common and it is most often used to build walls, partitions, capital load-bearing structures. Such building material can be used in rooms with high humidity.
4. OSB-4- a very moisture resistant plate, which is used to work under heavy loads.

Without exaggeration, we can say that the properties of OSB boards are simply unique. If we compare the technical characteristics of OSB boards, we can notice some difference between them. This building material can be classified by thickness, which also affects its scope. The standard dimensions of sheets are 2500 x 1250 mm, and in thickness they can be from 6 to 26 mm.

Advantages

Among the advantages of OSB plates are the following:

• relatively high strength (here it all depends on the thickness of the plate);
• flexibility and lightness, which allows it to be used for sheathing curved surfaces;
• unlike OSB plywood, the board does not delaminate;
• the plate is easy to process;
• has good sound insulation;
• does not change its shape during operation;
• low weight (with a thickness of 9 mm, the sheet weighs only 18 kg).

Flaws

Sometimes they talk about the shortcomings of OSB boards, among which the main one is called - the use of synthetic resins in them that contain phenol. Phenol does emit carcinogens, but today manufacturers are trying to produce this building material without formaldehyde. Such OSB boards are marked with the ECO marking.

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What is OSB board

Technological progress cannot be stopped. Often, the country's woodworking industry offers the consumer new wood processing products that are ideal for repair and construction work. OSB plate, one of such building materials. Now we will try to consider it in this publication.

osb board specifications application

OSB is - (oriented strand board). Translated from English - oriented strand board (OSB, OSB).

What is OSB board? The building material is a heterogeneous, but durable sheets of compressed wood chips, large in size. The size of chips and chips can reach 150 mm. Manufacturers use a mixture of softwood and hardwood.

Natural and synthetic resins and paraffin are added to the adhesive composition used to join wood chips and sawdust into a monolith. The sheet impregnated with adhesives and water-repellent substances additionally receives the property of moisture resistance.

The manufacturing technology makes it possible to form a plate from three or four layers of chips. Moreover, in each layer, the chips lie in one direction, and in the next in the other. In the outer layers, the chips are oriented along the slab, while in the inner layers, across. Hence the name - oriented strand.

How osb boards are made

Some time ago, building materials were imported to us from Europe, North America and China, but now its production has been established in Russia, as its popularity is steadily growing. Let's look at what osb is in the manufacturing process.

OSB production

Manufacturing technology includes several stages:

1. Initial processing of wood - the raw material is subjected to heat treatment in a humid environment to soften the wood.
2. Removal of bark and possible damage of natural origin using special machines.
3. Splitting wood into chip fraction.
4. Drying wood chips and shavings in drying chambers.
5. Impregnation of raw materials with adhesive and water-repellent substances.
6. Leveling layers (each separately) in conveyor machines and orienting chips in the right direction.
7. Applying layers in the required sequence.
8. Hot pressing.
9. Grinding the outer layers of the plate.
10. Cutting sheets to desired dimensions.
11. After packaging, the building material goes to the retail network.

OSB slab specifications

For convenience and to avoid confusion during construction, the material is divided into strength classes. In European quality standards, OSB classification is divided into 4 categories depending on the level of moisture resistance and strength:

1. OSB 1 - used only for dry rooms, as it is afraid of moisture. It is also suitable for furniture production, provided that it is veneered with precious wood or for packaging or sheathing. It is not a structural material.
2. OSB 2 is a denser and stronger board, but also not moisture resistant. This is already a structural slab that can be used for the construction of walls or partitions indoors with a normal level of humidity.
3. OSB 3 is already a moisture-resistant, fairly dense board. It is used for construction and repair work inside and outside the premises, subject to short-term contact with water.
4. OSB 4 is a particularly durable and moisture resistant building material. Suitable for all types of construction work, up to the cladding of building facades, with or without subsequent coating with a finishing material. Application in continuous contact with water is possible.

There are OSB quality standards for North America, which include 3 categories, but we, for obvious reasons, will not consider them.

Building material advantages

What is better OSB or plywood? The advantages of OSB compared to good old plywood or chipboard are undeniable. These are a number of advantages that must be voiced:

1. The material is quite smooth, little prone to chipping at the sawing sites.
2. OSB board is strong and flexible, light weight. This will facilitate delivery to the place of work and operations performed with building materials.
3. Moisture resistance (not all types). The material is glued and treated with resins and wax, which makes it resistant to water.
4. Long service life - antifungal additives that make up the impregnation make OSB resistant to fungus and mold. Category 3 and 4 boards will never rot.
5. Along with solid wood, OSB board has an excellent level of sound insulation.
6. Work carried out with OSB does not cause difficulties. It is easy to saw, drill, plan. It holds almost any fastener perfectly.
7. Low price.

OSB plate application

The scope of OSB plates is quite large.

Manufacturers of frame-panel houses widely use building materials for structural parts, up to bearing heavy loads.

The construction industry makes heavy use of OSB as formwork for pouring foundations.

They level floors and ceilings with it, make partitions and full-fledged walls out of it, and also carry out facing work.

OSB plate technical characteristics harmfulness

The adhesive compositions used in the manufacture of OSB may contain substances hazardous to the human body - formaldehyde, phenol, methanol.

How to recognize the presence of such substances in the bowels of the plate? You can protect your health by buying building materials with formaldehyde emission class E1, where the permissible content of these substances is minimal.

Pay special attention to the smell coming from the OSB board.

If a representative of a trading company tries to assure you of the safety of the building material, and an unpleasant, pungent chemical smell emanates from the surface of the plate, you should refuse to purchase.

OSB plate is undoubtedly worthy of your attention. The properties of the material make it possible to adequately compete with the well-known, old as the world plywood, chipboard.

In some cases, you may spend a little more money than when buying another material, but the durability and strength will pay off with interest. And the question, what is smallpox, is no longer a mystery to you.

Not so long ago, a new building material appeared on the construction market - oriented strand boards (OSB, OSB, OSB). They immediately gained recognition among both professional builders and private developers. The high rating that was given to this material produced from wood waste by specialists is associated with its remarkable properties that chipboard and plywood, related to OSB products, cannot boast of. Although in everyday life oriented strand board is often mistaken for a special kind of plywood, the characteristics of OSB are superior to those of glued veneer sheets by an order of magnitude.

OSB3 plywood is perfect for exterior and interior wall cladding, floor and ceiling construction, single-use formwork and sandwich panels.

OSB is a board that was first produced in Canada. This abbreviation is an abbreviation of the English Oriented Strand Board (translated as a plate with oriented chips). It has a multilayer structure, which is related to plywood, but its manufacturing technology differs from the production methods of the latter. Each layer, the number of which in the plate can reach 3-4, is made of thin (less than 1 mm) and long (up to 150 mm) chips oriented in the same direction. In addition, the direction of the chips in each next layer is perpendicular to the previous one. The chips are bound in the board with synthetic fibres, paraffins and resins of natural origin. OSB plywood is produced by hot pressing, which turns it into a durable reinforced monolith.

Main types

There are several types of oriented strand board.

1. OSB1 - used for the manufacture of products operated at low humidity. Such products include furniture.
2. OSB2 - used to create structures inside buildings, while their operation must take place in a dry environment.
3. OSB3 - can be used as a structural element for indoor and outdoor work in environments with any level of humidity.
4. OSB4 is a reinforced slab that can withstand increased loads. It is used as a supporting structure.

In addition, OSB is divided according to the type of surface finish into tongue-and-groove, varnished and laminated. Plates with this kind of coating are most suitable for interior work.

In most construction and finishing works, OSB3 boards are used due to the most balanced combination of price, strength and moisture resistance characteristics.

This material is used for the manufacture of a base plane for roofing, external cladding and interior wall decoration, floor and ceiling installation, construction of one-time formwork and sandwich panels, furniture, shelves, etc.

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Technical details

Characteristic of OSB3 boards for use under load in wet conditions.

The description of the main technical characteristics of OSB3 is as follows:

• density - 550-560 kg / cubic meter;
• thermal conductivity - 0.131-0.14 W / m-K;
• moisture resistance - 15% (the material swells by this amount when kept in water for a day, but does not collapse);
• standard sheet size - 2440x1220 mm;
• plate thickness - from 6 to 22 mm;
• sheet weight (depending on thickness) - from 12.9 to 42.9 kg.

In addition, OSB3 is distinguished by high fire resistance and environmental friendliness. The boards are assigned to the E1 emission class, according to the standards of which the formaldehyde content in a dry board should not exceed 10 mg for every 100 g of building material.

• attics are hemmed with sheets with a thickness of 6 to 12 mm;
• a solid base for roofing is made of OSB 9-12 mm;
• sheathing of walls and partitions in residential and outbuildings is made of 10- and 12-mm slabs;
• floors are mounted from OSB with a thickness of 12 to 22 mm.

Manufacturers note that OSB plywood has an almost unlimited service life if structures made of this material are designed and assembled without errors. This characteristic testifies to the great prospects of OSB products.

OSB (Oriented Strand Board) is a multilayer lumber consisting of differently oriented layers of wood chips. The production technology was developed at the end of the last century in America. The United States and Canada still occupy a leading position in the manufacture of this type of product. The material is obtained by pressing at a certain temperature using synthetic resins. The length of the wood components does not exceed 140 mm with a thickness of up to 0.7 mm. The wood chips are laid in three layers. On the upper and lower surfaces, it is placed along the length of the product, and the middle layer is laid across. As a result, a material similar to plywood is obtained, that is, it improves the properties of natural wood in terms of moisture resistance and strength. The content of natural components in the plate is up to 95%.

Features of the production process and types of products

The boards are not made from waste wood, but use small-sized pine raw materials, which are specially processed to obtain homogeneous chips. The logs are sorted, debarked and planed. The resulting mass is dried and laid with a carpet in two directions, impregnated with waterproof resins, and then pressed at high temperature. The finished web is cut according to standard or customer dimensions.

Products are produced in four types and are labeled depending on the level of moisture resistance and mechanical characteristics. OSB-1 products have the lowest performance. They can be used in rooms with low humidity, so they are used in the manufacture of furniture, for the manufacture of packaging. OSB-2 have higher strength characteristics and can be used as load-bearing structures. For high humidity conditions, OSB-3 and OSB-4 boards are produced, which, in addition, are designed for significant loads.

Boards are available with lacquered and laminated outer surfaces. Laminated products are designed for reusable formwork when performing concrete work. For high-quality docking, plates with tongue-and-groove locks are made, both on two and on each side of the end.

Benefits of oriented strand board

The slab has a smooth, homogeneous structure without knots and defects, which are typical for natural materials or plywood. It does not exfoliate, is not subject to deformation and has a higher level of moisture resistance. It is believed that when completely immersed in water, the product retains its shape and strength during the day. The environmental friendliness of the material allows it to be used in residential premises. Its use helps to improve the heat and sound insulation performance of the floor, walls, roof. In terms of strength characteristics, it is comparable to plywood and significantly surpasses chipboard and MDF. The board is quite easy to process, it can be planed, sawn and drilled with tools designed for working with wood. The surface can be painted, varnished, pasted over with finishing materials. Due to the multidirectional layers, the lumber firmly holds the fasteners. Plates are not subject to damage by woodworms and fungal infections.

Depending on the characteristics of strength and moisture resistance, lumber is used for sheathing external and internal walls, ceilings are made from them, used as roofing and heat-insulating materials. They are used in the design of racks and partitions, the interior of railway cars and other vehicles. It is convenient to lay the plates as a base for laying laminate, carpet, linoleum, parquet.

Oriented strand boards, or, as they are often called, OSB, by analogy with the original name (OSB - oriented strand board), are actively used in construction, decoration, packaging, the manufacture of certain types of products, and so on. A review of promotional materials leads to the idea that this is an absolutely safe and multifunctional product. Does this correspond to reality? A brief analysis of the properties of the OSB and customer reviews will help determine the opinion.

Oriented strand board is a multi-layer sheet consisting of large technical wood chips, special additives and a binder. The latter are synthetic thermosetting resins - urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde or urea-formaldehyde. Premium-class products are produced with the addition of a natural binder, but the price is so high that they are practically not imported into Russia.

The main component of the OSB board is chips up to 1 mm thick, no more than 4 cm wide and up to 20 cm long. The location in the finished product has a strict direction - each subsequent layer is formed perpendicular to the previous one. Due to this, the sheet is characterized by high bending strength and mechanical stress, therefore it is actively used in the formation of load-bearing structures.

OSB has the following specifications:

• Dimensions: length - 2.44-2.50 m, width - 0.59-1.22 m, thickness - 6-40 mm.
• Weight - from 12 to 45 kg depending on the format, type and dimensions.
• Average density - 650 kg / m 3.
• Thermal conductivity - 0.12 W / m * K.
• Swelling per day with complete immersion in water - up to 15%.

Compared to chipboard or MDF, OSB board has better heat capacity and resistance to moisture. The downside here is the limited size range. For example, chipboards are available in more than 100 formats, which makes it easy to choose the right product with a minimum amount of waste. Although other characteristics of chipboard are noticeably inferior to oriented chipboard options.

OSB is available in the following varieties:

• OSB-1 (furniture, packaging, etc.).
• OSB-2 (construction of frame systems in dry rooms).
• OSB-3 (manufacturing of load-bearing structures in conditions of high humidity).
• OSB-4 (formation of supporting structures that can withstand significant mechanical loads).

The scope of OSB is extensive. Including:

1. The device of a dry floor screed for any floor coverings of the finishing type (ceramic tiles, laminate, carpet, parquet, linoleum). In this case, it is possible to use thermal insulation under OSB boards.

2. Sheathing from the inside of the roofing "pie".

3. Rough finishing of facades.

4. Formwork device.

5. Leveling the walls and filing the ceiling. In this case, the oriented strand board acts as a full-fledged analogue of GKL, GVL, LSU, plywood, fiberboard and others.

6. Frame construction.

7. Production of composite materials for rapid construction: SIP panels and others.

Mythical pros and real cons

Particle boards are produced by domestic and foreign concerns in huge quantities, respectively, and a great many advertising and laudatory materials about the products have been published. But which of the properties are true, and which are the product of the imagination of marketers? Let's try to figure it out and turn to the logic and legal standards for these purposes.

The first positive quality is the strength and stability of linear dimensions. These criteria include modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and tensile strength. OSB is resistant to vibration and mechanical stress, so it can be used even in regions with a high level of seismic hazard.

In fairness, we note that very cheap products of unknown origin or simply fakes for well-known brands quickly delaminate, break easily and cannot withstand the slightest load.

The next quality is moisture resistance. This criterion is often confused with water resistance. As practice shows, in a day, when completely immersed in water, the plate swells by 15-25% of its own volume. That is, products with unprotected ends and surfaces will quickly rot, collapse during direct and constant interaction with water, but they will perfectly withstand a periodic increase in air humidity. Therefore, OSB is suitable for facade work.

No less interesting are the statements of marketers about the fire safety of OSB. This advantage is typical only for special products that contain fire retardants. The surface is treated with fire-resistant impregnations, as is the case with OSB Firestop from Kronospan. For all other products - this statement is nothing but a myth. Particle boards, according to the technical regulations on fire safety requirements (Federal Law No. 123-FZ of August 22, 2008), belong to the 5th fire hazard class of building materials - KM5. Let's decipher:

• Flammability group OSB - G4 (highly combustible).
• Flammability group - B3 (highly flammable).
• Group of smoke-generating ability - D3 (high degree of smoke formation).
• Group of toxicity of combustion products - G4 (extremely dangerous).

And finally, the last criterion that causes a lot of controversy: environmental friendliness. Harm to health from OSB plates has not been proven, since special studies on this topic have not been conducted. However, the following facts are known from history. Firstly, these products began to be produced in Canada in 1982, and in the USSR they appeared in 1986. Secondly, literally two years later, at the initiative of the Interdepartmental Committee of the SGR (sanitary and hygienic regulation of the use of polymeric materials in construction and transport) of the Ministry of Health The USSR banned particle board for use in construction. The reason is the strongest poisoning of people with highly toxic formaldehyde fumes. Legally, the harm of OSB has been proven, and the ban is still in effect.

The situation is corrected by the fact that the manufacturers themselves give recommendations for use in accordance with the marking by emission class (DIN EN 120):

• E2 - 10-20 mg per 100 g of dry matter.
• E1 - up to 10 mg per 100 g of dry matter.
• E0 - up to 6.5 mg per 100 g of dry matter.

The first two are strongly recommended for outdoor use only, followed by a finish that completely covers the slabs. Category E0 products can be used indoors, but only for rough work with a mandatory full ventilation device.

Thus, OSB cannot be called exclusively environmentally friendly and safe. But possible harm to health is caused not by the fact that suppliers offer low-quality products, but due to non-compliance with the manufacturer's elementary explanations.

Opinions on particle board

“I bought an inexpensive plot of land for a summer cottage and thought about building a summer house. Finances are limited, not a professional in construction, so the cost of building materials and work, as well as speed, played a decisive role. I can’t pull brick and concrete, and it’s hard. I considered options with foam or gas blocks, but there are too many nuances there. I became interested in “frameworks”, it’s too painful just everything - knock down the frame from the rails, sheathe it with sheets of OSB or chipboard and you’re done. I calculated how much the work would cost, read the reviews of the owners of frame houses and decided. The only doubt was in the choice of OSB. According to its characteristics, a large chipboard seemed to be more reliable and durable, I didn’t think about safety and environmental friendliness, since I was going to sheathe it with drywall for painting from the inside, and planned siding on the outside. The result of three months of work is a neat, small house for moderate money.

Vlasov Konstantin, Novokuznetsk.

“We have an OSB plant nearby, so the building material is inexpensive, available in any size. I bought it in a thickness of 9.5 mm to level the floor, I planned a laminate or parquet board on top, but for financial reasons it did not work out. I decided to temporarily varnish it and use it as a finishing coat. It turned out unusual, quite beautiful, but the unpleasant smell lasted for a long time, I had to air it several times a day, which is not very convenient. In the future, I plan to close it tightly, because it is difficult to provide ventilation in winter, and I don’t want to freeze my family.”

Pimenov Igor, Veliky Novgorod.

“I constantly hear about the dangers of OSB, formaldehyde emissions, poisoning people. No wonder if you take a cheap product and apply it throughout the house. We read the reviews and bought the Canadian material with the E0 badge. I was pleasantly surprised by the quality - plate to plate. Everything is even, smooth, on the ends the edge is processed with a green end tape. Sheathed the ceiling, walls and floor of the loggia with sheets, installed panels and laminate on top. The craftsmen liked working with OSB, they did everything quickly, neatly, there was no smell. ”

Sergeeva Inna, Aleksandrov.

“In the kitchen, I made the floor from OSB, threw linoleum on top, did not stick it. Then he regretted it - it turned out that one of the hoses of the washing machine was leaking and water was flowing into the corner, just where the linoleum did not reach the wall a little. As a result, the plate is rotten, blackened, will have to be redone. In this case, I myself am to blame, although I took it specially more expensive - OSB-3 is moisture resistant.

Evdokimov Oleg, Azov.

“I was looking for dry screed material and came across an OSB with grooved edges. I was very happy - it costs much less than DSP or fiberboard, and the tongue-and-groove connection system allows you to quickly assemble the floor without tedious calculations, long measurements and other things. My apartment got a rough screed in two days. Very convenient and practical."

Bondar Sergey, Astrakhan.

Analyzing the reviews, we can say with confidence that oriented strand board is the best fit for repair and construction. But do not forget that the OSB was originally developed for outdoor rough work, so the structure must be closed from above with a finishing material from all sides. And when choosing products, preference should be given to trusted brands. Although expensive, but high quality, reliable and durable.