Options for stairs to the 2nd floor. Staircase to the second floor - modern, safe and attractive design. Requirements for the design of stairs

The second floor allows you to significantly increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house without increasing the space it occupies, but without a ladder it is impossible to get to the second floor. In this article, we will talk about the various options for stairs that are used in brick, stone, block or wooden houses, and also describe the sequence of actions for building a simple but beautiful single-flight staircase with decorative railings.

Types of stairs

All stairs connecting the first and second floors can be conditionally divided by:

1. Span type:
   • single-march;
   • multi-march.
2. Shape:
   • straight;
   • screw;
   • corner;
   • curly.
3. Material:
   • wooden;
   • metal;
   • combined.

Selecting the type of stairs

The choice of the type of staircase is influenced by many factors, such as the height of the floor, the ability to create complex structures from various materials, the availability of free space around the future staircase, and many others. If you decide to make a staircase yourself, then first of all you should evaluate your skills as a carpenter and welder, this will help you choose the material from which the staircase will be made. If you are a good welder, you can make stairs of any complexity from metal and any other materials. If you are a good carpenter, you can build a wooden staircase of any complexity. Not all people have such talents, so do not despair, if you do not know how to cook or carpentry properly, this will not prevent you from creating a simple, but beautiful and reliable staircase connecting the first and second floors.

Having decided on the material from which you will build the stairs, proceed to the choice of its design. Below we give a list of the main requirements that must be taken into account when choosing the type and size of stairs, this will allow not only to build it, but also to make the stairs comfortable and safe:

• the angle of elevation of the stairs is 30–45 degrees;
• if there is a cover above the stairs, then the distance from any step to it should be the same and be 2–2.2 meters; if there is no cover, then the distance to any obstacle at any point should not be less than 2 meters;
• railings must be rigidly fixed, and their height is 80–100 cm;
• the optimal width of the stairs is 1 meter;
• optimal step depth 30 cm;
• the optimal step height is 15 cm;
• there must be sufficient free space in front of the bottom and top steps of the stairs (at least 2m²).

One of the main parameters that affects the choice of the type of stairs is the angle of its rise, which is 30–45 degrees (optimally 40 degrees). At an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the space occupied by the stairs will be equal to the height of the floor plus 1-2 meters. An additional distance is necessary in order to make it convenient to use the stairs, because you will have to not only walk along it, but also bring furniture. If there is such free space, the best choice is a single-flight staircase. Its advantage is in its small width - with a step width of 1 meter, the width of the stairs along the outer side of the railing does not exceed 120 cm. If there is no free space of this length, you will have to build a multi-flight, spiral or corner staircase, which are much more difficult to manufacture. In addition, the width of the free space for spiral or multi-flight stairs is approximately 2.5 step widths, and the length of each flight with spans reaches the height of the floor. The width of the spiral staircase is 2.5–3.5 meters, this is due to the need to use wider steps, moreover, it is the most difficult and expensive to manufacture.

Construction of a wooden single-flight staircase

Below we describe the construction of a staircase with a step width of 1 meter, an elevation angle of 45 degrees and a height from the floor of the first floor to the floor of the second floor of 3 meters. Such a staircase provides a comfortable and safe ascent to the second floor, looks very nice and is relatively easy to manufacture. It can be installed both in a brick or stone, and in a wooden house with wooden floors on the first and second floors. You can purchase all the materials for its manufacture at the nearest hardware or hardware store, where you can also buy all the necessary tools.

Tools and materials

For work you will need the following materials:

• planed board 50x250 mm (two pieces of 5 meters each);
• bar 50x50 mm (12–15 meters);
• bolts 11–13 cm long, 5–8 mm in diameter, nuts and 2 washers for them (108 pieces of bolts and nuts, 216 washers);
• planed board 35x150 mm (40 meters);
• planed board 35x115 mm (22 meters);
• turned balusters 100–110 cm high and 50 mm in diameter (26–32 pieces);
• supporting pillars with a section of 10x10 cm and a length of 100–110 cm, balusters of the appropriate size (4 pcs) can be used;
• railings straight embossed 50–80 mm wide (15 meters);
• steel corners with a shelf length of 10 cm (12 pcs);
• anchor bolts, nails and self-tapping screws of various sizes;
• wood putty;
• parquet varnish;
• acetone or solvent;
• wood glue.

You will also need the following tools:

• jigsaw;
• grinder;
• screwdriver with a Phillips bit;
• wood saw;
• drill with perforation mode and a set of drills;
• feather drill with a diameter of 20mm;
• hand mill or milling machine;
• a set of chisels;
• wrenches corresponding to bolts and nuts;
• square;
• protractor;
• pencil;
• roulette,
• hammer and mallet;
• sandpaper;
• brush;
• rubber gloves, respirator and goggles.

Manufacturing and installation of stairs

If you are going to install a staircase, make sure that the floors of the first and second floors do not require repair, because otherwise they may not withstand the load and collapse, as a result of which not only the staircase, but also the person on it will fall. Then measure the exact distance between the floor of the first floor and the floor of the second floor, then use the Pythagorean theorem to find the length of the kosour (bearing board) of the stairs. With a height of exactly 300 cm, the length of the kosour is 424 cm. If you are not satisfied with the angle of 45 degrees, then do the calculations yourself, school knowledge is enough for this. After all, the ladder forms a right triangle, where the vertical leg is the height, the horizontal leg is the space occupied by the ladder, and the hypotenuse is the length of the stringer.

Then calculate the number of steps.

Remember if there are more than 18 steps, it is advisable to use a different staircase design, because the stringer without supports will not be able to provide the necessary rigidity.

Having decided on the calculations, mark the kosour boards, the angles of which should correspond to the installation angle of the stairs, taking into account the total length of these parts. Make no mistake, because in the event of a mistake, you will either have to increase the angle of the stairs or buy new stringer boards. After marking and double-checking everything, cut the ends of the boards and apply them to the installation site of the future ladder to make sure that you did not mix anything up. Both boards should stand at the required angle and fit to the floor surface of the first floor and the end of the floor of the second floor without gaps.

Remove the kosour boards and start marking the steps. We offer the simplest method of fastening steps, which does not reduce the strength of the stringer and does not require special carpentry skills, enough attention, care and diligence. Steps made from two 35x150mm boards will support 50x50mm bars attached to the stringer, and the front steps will cover risers - vertical boards measuring 35x115mm. The steps will be attached with self-tapping screws, and the risers with nails. If you do not feel sorry for self-tapping screws 70-80 mm long, then the risers can be attached to the stringer with their help. As a result, the steps are 26.5 cm deep and 15 cm high, which ensures high comfort during the ascent or descent from the stairs.

Before starting the marking, imagine the device of each step, then sketch it. If you could imagine and sketch them, proceed to markup. Determine the length of the bars so that they do not interfere with the risers and do not protrude from the back of the stringer. Then mark the position of the bars, taking into account the height of the steps. Remember, the first step should start with a riser resting on the floor. When you are done with marking, make a template for drilling holes in the stringer and bars, or mark all the holes manually on both the stringer and bars. Postpone all work with the stairs for 1-2 days, then double-check all the markings, if there are no errors, drill holes for installing bolts in stringers and bars. When all the holes are ready, drill holes for washers from the outer surface of the stringers so that the bolts do not stick out above the surface of the board. This will not only increase the safety of the stairs, because no one will be scratched by protruding bolts, but also make it more beautiful.

Despite the fact that many carpenters assemble a ladder of this design with nails, we recommend using bolts and nuts. Nails of the required size (120–150 mm) with inept handling often split the bars, which is why they often have to be changed. This happens especially often when bending nails from the side of the bars. If you hit the nails from the side of the bars, bending them on the stringer, then the latter will have to be sheathed with veneer or plywood, which increases the complexity and cost of the work, because, unlike even round holes, bent nails are very difficult to putty. Having finished with the installation of the bars, start marking the boards of steps and risers. Riser and back board length 100 mm, front board length 110 mm. This is necessary so that the steps look embedded in the stringer, because this design looks more beautiful and reliable. All boards must be cut at an angle of 90 degrees.

Once you've finished cutting, milling, or hand-milling, work the top front edge of the front board into a rounded or curly shape, because a step with a well-defined top front corner looks ugly. If you cannot do this work yourself, contact the nearest carpentry or furniture workshop, for a small fee, all the necessary boards will be easily and quickly processed for you. After that, mark and cut the outer boards so that they protrude evenly over the stringer. The next stage of work will be the installation of balusters and railings on the kosour, for this, round spikes with a diameter of 20 mm and a depth of 3–5 cm are cut at the ends of the balusters, and holes corresponding to them are drilled in the kosour and the underside of the railing. All holes and spikes must be made taking into account the angle of the stringer. When everything is ready, the kosour, balusters and railings are assembled into one structure, first dry, then, if everything is fine, assembled with glue. The next stage is the installation of stringers and adjacent end balusters. For fastening to the logs and the floor surface, metal corners and powerful self-tapping screws are used. Then the risers and steps are installed and fixed. When the entire staircase is ready, the horizontal parts of the railing are installed, then the entire structure is sanded, dusted and varnished in several layers.

Modern trends towards the rational use of the territory, more than ever, encourage building houses not in “width”, but in “height”. This applies to private buildings, but even apartment residents are trying to organize a multi-level layout, thereby expanding the usable area. To combine the upper and lower spaces, it becomes necessary to build a staircase to the second floor, on the features of the choice of which we will dwell in more detail.

Varieties of stairs by design

When designing stairs, first of all, you will have to focus not on design, but on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room in order to choose the perfect product in terms of design and size. There are two main types:

Marching stairs

A common version of ladders designed with regard to the biomechanics of movement and providing comfortable, safe movement. They consist of marches, numbering from 3 to 15 steps. If the maximum number is not enough, the height is divided into two openings, between which a small platform or winder steps are installed. Such structures are already called two-march.

Marching stairs vary in shape and are straight, turning (L-shaped or U-shaped) or curved. When determining this parameter, it is necessary to rely on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, the height of the ceilings, and the location of the second floor.

According to the type of supporting structure, two types of marching products are distinguished: on stringers and bowstrings. In the first case, the steps are laid on top of the beam, and in the second, special grooves are made on the inside of the supporting element.

You will also have to choose the type of steps. Parts with risers look more massive and fit perfectly into a classic interior, while those without risers are suitable for a modern home due to their lightweight design.

In general, mid-flight stairs are presented in a wide range, and even for small-sized ones, you can choose a suitable copy or combine it with other items.

Spiral stairs

The principle of such structures is very simple: steps are attached to the installed rod, which spiral upwards. They do not take up extra space and are quite compact.

The main reason why spiral staircases are inferior to marching ones is the difficulty in moving due to the lack of a solid support. It is not recommended to install such an instance in a house where children or the elderly live. The following parameters are considered optimal: the central width of the steps should be at least 20 cm, and the widest part should not exceed 40 cm.

In other cases, spiral staircases can be considered an excellent option for both modern and classic styles. Thanks to their spiral shape, they become a key element of the interior, and products of different shapes will help to diversify the design - from square to octagonal.

Bolts stairs

It will not work to install a ladder of this type in the center of the room - it is supported by a load-bearing wall, to which the steps are attached with the help of bolts (bolts). Assembled in one system, they form a single load-bearing element, giving the structure a light, almost weightless look, due to which it is often used in modern interiors.

Despite the visual fragility, the products are able to withstand from 500 to 1100 kg, depending on the material and manufacturer. In addition, the bolts allow you to adjust the height of the steps after installation.

Bolts with railings are popular, which take part of the load on themselves. You can experiment with the base, shape, and lighting to create a unique look for your home.

Choosing the material for the stairs

Stairs are made of different materials that give them certain aesthetic and practical properties.

wooden stairs

When imagining a staircase in a house, an image immediately arises of a solid wooden structure with curly railings and a beautiful deep texture. It can be luxurious wenge, oak or minimalist wood of simple species. Ash, walnut, beech are considered the best options, but pine is not strong enough to withstand the required load. The lacquer coating will protect against the negative effects of the environment, but it will have to be updated regularly.

Such material is suitable for any designs, but looks most organically as marching products. For country or American style, such a solution is indispensable.

metal stairs

Metal structures will serve you for half a century, retaining their original, neat appearance. To do this, choose instances of stainless steel, which is not susceptible to corrosion, since chrome-plated or painted options have a limited service life - no more than 6-7 years.

The plasticity of the base allows you to give the stairs and its parts any shape. Metal is often combined with other materials such as wood, glass, concrete. It makes elegant forged handrails.

concrete stairs

Contrary to more natural materials, concrete does not have a lightness or refinement, in its pure form it is unlikely to fit into a classic interior, but instead gives a feeling of solidity and integrity.

Such structures are quite reliable, can withstand high loads and do not deteriorate over time. Unfortunately, they are difficult to install on their own, but the cheapness of raw materials covers this drawback.

An important advantage of concrete stairs is the possibility of decorating them: with stone, wood or even tiles. The unique rough texture will be invisible, but you will get an aesthetic design at an affordable cost.

stone stairs

Marble has an amazing deep texture, but as a stair covering, it wears out quickly after just a few years. Granite or quartzite have opposite properties. Also, much cheaper artificial counterparts do an excellent job with their role.

Stone stairs are often combined with metal handrails, and by adjusting the decor you can fit them into many styles.

glass stairs

If a design that does not require ten years of serviceable “service” comes first, glass structures have no competitors. Steps are made from this material, which are mounted on bolts or used on spiral staircases. Harmoniously acts in tandem with metal, which enhances the effect of gloss and gives reliability to such a fragile product.

Indeed, glass stairs can be damaged by a strong impact, but even in the absence of it, noticeable scratches appear on the surface over time. For greater strength, it is better to take hardened or laminated varieties. Acrylic glass is considered the most reliable, but tends to darken over time.

Styles and design

Due to their shape, stairs often stand out among the interior ensemble, while remaining an organic part of it. To do this, when developing a design, it is necessary to focus on the basic style of the premises.

Stairs in modern style

Modern aesthetics loves laconicism and restraint, the use of practical materials, their combination to create a more sophisticated look. Preference is given to pure geometric shapes, lines, flat surfaces.

The style works with the features of space, so the type of staircase design can be any, the main thing is that it looks good in the interior.

Stairs in a classic style

As mentioned above, the classics are characterized by the use of three materials: wood, metal and decorative stone, among which the first is clearly in the lead. Initially, you need to choose rooms with a large area, since here even the staircase has a massive appearance.

Often these are marching products on stringers or bowstrings with closed risers, divided into several spans and fenced with strong railings, often with characteristic carvings.

Loft style stairs

Concrete stairs to the second floor harmoniously interact with the style of the loft, emphasizing its industrial character. However, other fundamentals will also be appropriate.

The ladder should have an extremely simple design, providing comfortable movement. Since the loft interior, according to the rules, is placed on large areas, you don’t have to worry about the size of the structure.

Stairs in the style of minimalism

It is desirable that stairs in the style of minimalism attract as little attention as possible. Ideally, they should fit into the total volume of the room, forming a single functional whole with it.

The means of expression are reduced to a minimum: the texture of the material, the smoothness of the lines, the natural color scheme. An excellent solution is the steps on the bolts.

Art Deco Stairs

Graceful and many-sided art deco strives to emphasize its "status" in all details - from the base of the stairs to the railing. The latter can repeat intricate, interlacing patterns inspired by floral designs.

Mid-flight stairs will look monumental and noble, spiral staircases, due to their spiral shape, in themselves correspond to the Art Deco style, but bolt fastenings will seem too simple.

Where to post: basic rules

Installing stairs to the second floor is a very individual process that depends on the size, layout and ceiling heights in your space.

The most popular place for stairs remains the hallway, especially in spacious mansions. Thus, upon entering the house, you immediately get access to all rooms without wandering through the corridors.

The second most popular place to place the lift is the living room. This is useful for buildings with a medium area, if the second floor leads to a private room, such as a bedroom. In the hall, combined with the kitchen, the stairs can be used for zoning.

To somehow compensate for the impressive size of the stairs, it can be combined with another functional object, using the empty space. This applies to marching structures located next to the wall. The construction of such products is more complicated, requires detailed measurements and careful planning, but the final result will make it possible to make the most of every square meter of the room.

The area under the stairs can serve as a frame for cabinets. The solution is relevant in the hall (storage of clothes and shoes) or living room (for the home library and household items).

The staircase can be organized as a wall in the living room, along the protruding parts of which movement is carried out through the floors.

Connoisseurs of quality drinks can equip themselves with a large collection of wines, enclosing it with glass doors and installing lighting.

In the resulting niche, you can put a small sofa, arrange a cozy place for relaxation and privacy, and install shelves on the side walls.

The space under the stairs is suitable for creating a separate room - a pantry, an office or a mini-workshop. Any child will be delighted with such a secluded children's playroom.

Using these ideas will allow you to take a different look at the stairs in the house, which will turn from a bulky object into a functional solution.

Design stairs to the second floor - photo

It is difficult not to notice the staircase even in the most spacious interior, which is why so much attention is paid to its design. Even more various forms, decor options and layouts - in our photo selection. Happy viewing!

If there is more than one floor in a private house, you cannot do without stairs. But besides the fact that it must connect the floors, the staircase must also fit into the interior. Therefore, when choosing a design, it is necessary to pay attention not only not to the dimensions and how much space it takes in the room, but also to take into account the style. Then the staircase to the second floor, made with your own hands, will be not only a functional item, but also an interior decoration. The work is difficult and responsible, but it can be done.

Types of stairs to the second floor in a private house

All these structures can be made of metal, wood, concrete, glass, marble and other decorative stones, and often use combinations of these materials. But most often the staircase to the second floor is made of wood with your own hands, a little less often - from metal or combinations of metal and wood.

In addition, there are two types of degrees - open and closed. In open stairs there is only a horizontally located part - the step itself, in closed ones - there is also a vertical part - risers.

Design codes

When designing a staircase, it is important to make it comfortable and safe. There are very specific numbers and recommendations that relate to the parameters of the steps and the general angle of ascent:

The number of steps is determined by simply dividing the height of the planned staircase by the chosen height of the riser. For example, the height of the room is 285 cm. It was decided to make the angle of elevation 40°. According to the table, we see that the height of the riser is 19 cm. We divide 285 cm / 19 cm = 15 steps. If the number turns out to be even, we slightly adjust the size accordingly to get an odd number.

If one of the steps turns out to be several centimeters smaller, this height is “taken away” from the first step. All others, including the last one, should be the same.

When choosing the size of steps, comfort can be checked. If the double height of the riser is added to the selected step width, the result should be from 60 ms to 64 cm. The second test option is that the sum of the lengths of the tread and the riser is optimally 45 cm, but deviations of 2 cm in both directions are acceptable.

All these parameters should be taken into account when designing a house. If the house has already been built, you have to proceed from the fact that there is and adjust the dimensions to the existing dimensions.

Spiral staircase

As already mentioned, a spiral staircase in a private house takes up the least space. But she has a serious drawback: it is inconvenient to walk on it, and it is almost impossible to lift anything bulky to the second floor. So they are not very popular, although they look good and fit well into any interior.

Calculation features

When designing a spiral staircase, one must take into account that in some positions, there are other steps above the head. Therefore, making small risers will not work.

The next feature is that the steps all have an unequal width - narrower on one side, wider on the other. The narrow part they are attached to the central support (pillar), the wide part - to the walls or balusters. The standard for the width of the tread is measured in the middle part, and the wide one should not be more than 40 cm.

The span width is from 50 cm to 100 cm. Double the distance goes to the entire structure - a square with a side of 100 cm to 200 cm is required.

Construction on a prefabricated column

This type of spiral staircase is the easiest to make: a pipe is placed on which wooden elements are put on - steps, intermediate cylinders, etc.

If you look in more detail, then in addition to the metal pipe (in this case, 40 mm in diameter), steps and balusters (available in any design), there are turned wooden cylinders (segments) that set the distance from one step to another.

On the other hand, the distance between the steps is kept with the help of cuts on the balusters. Steps are attached to these grooves (on glue + fasteners).

Do-it-yourself installation of stairs to the second floor begins with the installation of a pillar. In the floor of the first floor and the ceiling of the second, a hole is made equal to the diameter of the pillar. We insert the pipe into the hole, put on an enlarged washer, tighten the nut. Further, the assembly is simple: the corresponding elements are mounted on the rod, in parallel with the installation of the step, the baluster is placed and fixed. The dimensions of the steps for this spiral staircase with the given parameters are in the drawing.

Steps are cut from glued board or furniture board. You can use an array, but of furniture quality, that is, without any defects and dried, with a moisture content of not more than 8-12%. Although glued wood is considered more reliable: it definitely will not lead and it will not crack during shrinkage.

An example of an assembly of such a design, see the video. It has a prefabricated post, but you can also use a solid one, although it will be inconvenient to assemble the steps - you will have to climb the stairs every time.

The design of a metal spiral staircase is presented in the following video fragment. For those who are friends with welding, this option will be easier.

Spiral staircase to the second floor: photos of interesting options

With railings or without railings, the choice is yours. In the photo on the right, a wooden spiral staircase on a bent stringer is a difficult element to perform Forged spiral staircases are a classic of the genre

Staircase to the second floor

Marching stairs are the most popular. Firstly, they are convenient to use, and secondly, the technology of their construction has long been worked out. There are few features of the calculation. It is important to determine the number of marches. In one section there should be from 3 to 15 steps. The most convenient have 11-13 pieces. If, according to the calculation, it turns out that there should be more steps, they are divided into several sections, between which platforms are made. The dimensions of the platforms are a multiple of the step length (600-630 mm). Then the ascent and descent will not cause inconvenience.

Kinds

Ladders with platforms take up quite a lot of space. If there is not enough space, add turns. The most common option is to place the stairs along two adjacent walls at the corners. Also, to save space, you can make winder (turning) steps instead of a platform. Only one point: the section with winder steps is the most traumatic. If the family has small children or elderly people, it is better to make a playground.

As mentioned earlier, mid-flight stairs are made on stringers (beams with a sawtooth edge) and on terraces (just an inclined beam). Fastening steps to bowstring beams requires more time and skill. Usually, a “seat” is cut out for each step - a groove is selected in the board. For additional reliability, bars are still nailed from below or corners are installed. The option with corners is reliable, but rather controversial from an aesthetic point of view. If the whole staircase is made of wood, the metal parts are very "cut" the look. Carefully processed bars look much more organic. However, with sufficient thickness of the boards for the steps and the width of the bowstring, you can do without additional fasteners. In this case, it is important that the steps do not bend, otherwise they may pop out of the grooves.

The assembly of steps on stringers is simpler: you have two or three supports, to which parts cut to size are attached. The main task is to correctly mark and cut out the stringers.

This is a ladder on stringers - one of the fragments of the assembly

Installation of a marching staircase with step by step photos

Stringers are made from a wide board 75-80 mm thick and 350-400 mm wide. If there is no massive dry board, glued boards can be used. How to calculate the kosour is described in the form, but it is possible to assemble a staircase to the second floor not only as a separate one.

An example of assembling a ladder on the stringers next to the wall. First, we fix the support pillars on which the winder steps will rest. We attach the upper stringers to these pillars.

Then we put the bottom. We fasten the kosour near the wall on top of a decorative board - it is easier to wash it and the dirt is less visible than on the wall.

We fasten the lower stringers - one to the pole, the second to the finishing board

Intermediate stringers are installed last. This makes it easier to connect all the elements.

The steps are being installed. After they are cut, sanded and painted, everything is simple: put in place, drill a hole for a self-tapping screw, then twist it.

The next step is attaching the balusters. In this case, they are made of stainless steel pipe with wooden inserts. A hole is drilled under each baluster, into which a tube is inserted, it is fixed on a hairpin or in any other available way.

Photos of interesting mid-flight stairs to the 2nd floor

Metal and glass - an interesting combination An interesting idea, and from the end - a pantry

There are some design rules. Very often, construction work is divided into several stages. Sometimes the house itself is erected by some workers, and completely different contractors are engaged in interior decoration. Such, at first glance, savings, only complicates the work.

Because then the stairs have to be designed, adapting to the already prepared conditions. It is not easy. Even if a person builds his own house, from beginning to end, he needs to know the rules that we will now discuss. Everything seems to be a simple task. Our safe moving structure can be said to be one of the toughest challenges.

Capitalism of the premises, as well as the degree of its fire resistance, these aspects become key in choosing materials for the stairs. The shape depends on the area that is allocated for the staircase. Also, the shape is influenced by how high the ceiling is, and what architectural style the builders of the house as a whole adhered to.

There is a very convenient, and to the maximum safe option of lifting, and reverse movement on the stairs. This option is considered a gentle staircase with one march and fifteen steps. So, let's start designing.

Most often, these types of structures are designed in the construction of country houses. But, sometimes, limited space forces you to look for alternative areas in the house to create spiral staircases. This is a practical option due to the fact that winders fit easily into any type of project.

Much more space is stolen by structures of stairs with two flights. They take up more space. Than a screw design, but less space than a simple flat analogy. The project may involve both winder steps and the area between marches. If the staircase will be completely manufactured and installed independently, then the advice is to pay attention to such material as wood.

It is very easy to process. In addition, small errors are quickly corrected without costly additional costs. The components of the structure can be made not on the spot, like concrete stairs, but separately. Metal stairs are also assembled separately. The drawing is calculated for any type of stairs. This also applies to spiral, gentle, semicircular, and with two marches, stairs.

What parameters should be taken into account when creating a staircase project? First of all, you need to start with measurements. You need to measure the area, and put the dimensions on the plan. Next, you need to measure the openings. You also need to make height calculations from the lowest floor to the ceiling itself. You should also determine the power of the uppermost floor. In this case, the thickness of the floor covering must be taken into account.

If the floor is still only rough, you should take this into account and take measurements, keeping in mind the height of the finished floor. If the opening is not as wide as expected, the concrete will have to be cut, if it is a concrete structure, to enlarge the intended opening. If the staircase is wooden, then you will have to cut off the extra parts of the beams.

Very often there is a need to increase the opening during design. Remember, there should not be any communications in the openings. In order to get the correct drawing of the stairs leading to the second floor, you will first need an exact plan of the first floor. Doors, windows, all ledges should be marked on the plan.

How to make a drawing for a staircase with winder steps? You need to specify the width of the narrowest point of such a step. It should not be less than ten centimeters. Next, you need to specify the width of the march, the number and steepness of the steps. None of the parameters can be specified arbitrarily, since they all depend on each other.

Now we need to find a suitable, comfortable width that will be sufficiently secure. When a person moves up the stairs in both directions, he should not feel discomfort, a sense of insecurity, or a narrow space. The width is the distance between the handrail, or the handrail and the wall. In order to determine this parameter, you need to know building standards.

To increase comfort, one hundred and twenty-five centimeters must be laid in the project. In the case of the location of the structure between the walls, the correct number is one hundred and ten centimeters. If the structure is attached to the wall on one side, or has two fences, the figure is ninety centimeters. If there is only one fence, eighty centimeters are acceptable. But in this case, it is not acceptable to use a ladder to carry large items. For domestic premises, or garden houses, the number of seventy centimeters is appropriate. The width should be such that the passage remains free, there is no discomfort, and the person feels safe.

If the staircase is spiral, then the maximum width must be taken into account in the drawings, one hundred and ten centimeters. The most optimal size is one hundred and forty centimeters. Width for spiral staircases is the distance between the central pillar and the edges of the steps. If the marches are directed at each other, then there should be at least ten centimeters between them.

Let's talk about what the slope should be. Steep types of stairs save space, but they are by no means a safe option. Gentle steps are much more comfortable, but they take up a lot of space. What to do. If you want to combine space saving with comfort and safety?

The best option in this case is a staircase with two flights. The most comfortable climb angles are from twenty-three to thirty-seven degrees. The steeper the stairs, the more dangerous. There is also such an option as a gentle ramp. If the slope is forty-five degrees, you can go down the stairs only by turning to face it. A slope of more than fifty degrees is only for ladders.

Now we begin to calculate the dimensions of the steps. Steps are designed depending on the steepness, as well as personal preferences of the person. Remember that it is convenient to raise your leg to a height of no more than thirty-two centimeters. But the most optimally comfortable option is a height of fifteen centimeters. It is better not to make the riser higher than seventeen centimeters.

In one march there can be from ten to fifteen steps. The width of the approach is made depending on the purpose of the stairs. The minimum you can do is twenty centimeters, but the standard is thirty-two centimeters. The most limiting number is forty centimeters. If the dimensions do not allow making the tread wide enough, then the treads will hang over the risers, this is acceptable. All steps must be the same height and width.

A staircase with a straight flight is usually laid in the middle. If the design is curvilinear, the middle line is drawn in the mind half a centimeter from the rack, or flying edge. We proceed to the calculation of the height of the passage. Clearance needs to be given special attention, comfort largely depends on this. Whatever type of stairs, the clearance should be as comfortable as possible.

If the height of the passage is five centimeters higher than the height of the person walking along it, he will involuntarily bend his head. The norm for the clearance is from one hundred and ninety to two hundred centimeters. The height of the passage must be the same for the entire staircase. Now you know how to make a safe, comfortable, and beautiful staircase.

This type of staircase will fit well into any office space. The style is very suitable for business buildings. In addition to style, such a staircase is an economically advantageous option. Stairs must meet all standards for steps, railings, and landings.

Welding work must be of high quality, taking into account all the small details. The color of the stairs is possible in any desired shade. The ladder must be made in accordance with the correct work cycle. First, measurements are made, then a project for a specific room, after manufacturing, and installation of the structure. Guarantees must be provided.

Stairs are an important part of a person's daily life. Many times a day we encounter this design. Construction work is almost always associated with the creation of a ladder structure. It connects several levels of any building. A very long time ago there was such a design as a staircase. And in our world it is a very important part of life.

There are stairs very similar in appearance to each other. But they may differ in shape, color, and design, and even the design itself. There are two main types of stairs. The first option is a marching design. It has at least one span.

Also available between the levels of the steps of the platform. The second type is spiral staircases. They are in the form of a spiral. The metal internal ladder is famous for durability, beauty. Many made their choice in her favor, and were satisfied with the result.

The entire load at the spiral staircase is directed to the supporting central post. Steps are attached to it. This type of stairs is very popular and widespread. This is due to the elegance of the appearance of such a design. The spiral staircase can also be interrupted by placing intermediate platforms. They can even serve as a level connection between floors. But the platform can only be installed if there is enough space under it in height. If the spiral staircase is made of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete, it will become too difficult to formwork. Therefore, a wooden spiral staircase is a very good option.

There are so many different options for spiral staircases. They are very different in appearance. The style and design can be completely unique. The situation is not easy with screw structures if they have a free location without a side fence. In this case, the steps will go out of the center of the rack. Therefore, the steps become a barrier, and provide a fortress for the entire staircase.

The wooden screw structure necessarily has a steel support. Such a staircase can be used in a spacious apartment, and in a cottage, and in a country private house. There are generally accepted rules.

According to them, such a design in a large house should be at least eight hundred millimeters. If we are talking about a small-sized room, then the width can be from seven hundred to seven hundred and fifty millimeters. A spiral staircase is installed anywhere in the house. It can be placed in free space, near a wall, in a corner, or even between two walls. The material for the construction must be solid wood. Pine is the most extreme option. Steps are best made from a puff type of wood.

Tier decoration

Let's talk a little about the design of stairs in private homes. Now there are a lot of private houses. They differ in volume, price, and finish. But most houses have at least two floors.

Therefore, very often the question arises of how to make the design of the structure. At the stage of building a house, materials, location, as well as the type of staircase are laid. Those who love the classics often choose wooden or stone stairs with marches. The marching design is considered a classic option. Its design provides for straight platforms, which are connected by steps. This version of the stairs is the perfect solution for any home interior.

How beautiful to arrange the tiers of the stairs? Wood is used for the construction device, this is the traditional option. In addition, wrought iron or special glass can be used. The transition to the next floor must be made in accordance with all building codes.

It should be comfortable and safe. The design of the stairs can be very different. There are so many kinds of design sides. The staircase in the house consists of a supporting structure, as well as steps. Each part also bears a load from an aesthetic point of view. Regardless of the material of construction, its tiers should fit perfectly into the overall design of the house.

Each house symbolizes the human world, it reveals a lot about its owners. The history of such a structure as a staircase began many thousands of years ago. With each new era, the stairs became more beautiful and updated. Now there are many forms and designs for decorating stair tiers.

Staircase in a U-shaped house

U-shaped structures are very common. They are used in country houses. They are also often seen in public institutions. We encounter them all the time. Such a staircase has a turn of one hundred and eighty degrees. It consists of three straight spans. Due to this, this design is considered to be particularly reliable and suitable for extreme loads.

The most popular are monolithic internal stairs. They have a very simple design, but good rigidity. Therefore, they are very strong and reliable. Concrete is poured into the construction formwork, which greatly guarantees the quality of the future structure. In country houses, stairs are often made on bowstrings. The beam becomes the basis, which is located below and on the side. This makes the staircase practical and decoratively attractive. When designing a U-shaped staircase, it is very important to ideally calculate the pivot point. The fences above should not intersect. Most often, such a staircase is located in the middle of the room. Durable and stylish!

Conclusion

So, having made such an extensive overview of the types of stairs, you can decide on your preferences, as well as opportunities. By properly designing the stairs, you can decorate your home. Moreover, if you follow all the rules during the construction of the stairs, your family will use it safely for many years.

Projects of stairs to the second floor in a private house, a plan for an internal metal, wooden spiral staircase 2 by 2 by 2 floor in a p-shaped house, how to make a metal staircase with your own hands for giving - price, sketches, beautiful photos

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If you liked any photo in a private house, there will be questions about the implementation of such a project on your own. Even when placing an order with a specialized company, process information is useful for close control. Self-manufacturing of structures is more difficult. You will have to learn new skills, learn how to put them into practice. This article has a lot of useful information on this topic. It will help you make the right decisions, save money and time.

Which staircases are installed on the second floor in a private house: photos and design features

Regardless of who exactly will be the builder of such a structure, it is necessary to formulate the correct terms of reference. In accordance with the rules of natural wood, plywood should not consist of more than two marches. This rule should be observed to ensure a good level of fire safety.

Use the following guidelines for sizing:

• Ideally, the width is chosen taking into account the free passage of two people. A permissible minimum of 0.8 m is used when there is only enough free space for mounting a compact screw structure.
• To count the number of steps, a standard step of about 25-33 cm is used. The height of the steps is set from 12 to 18 cm. The minimum value is chosen if elderly people and small children live in the house.
• You can also use a certain angle of inclination of the lift in relation to the horizontal. The optimal value is 42-47°.
• When performing calculations, they take the real floor levels on the first and second floor after. You should also consider the presence of railings.

Note! If you want to know how to make a staircase with your own hands without mistakes, start by preparing design documentation.

Related article:

In the article, we will consider in detail the design options, the algorithm for their calculation, detailed step-by-step instructions for creating stairs with your own hands and practical recommendations from specialists.

The usual option: stringers and bowstrings

This specific name refers to the supporting elements of a special profile, on which steps are installed.

How to lighten the design

In this example, risers, stringers, and other visible supports have been eliminated. The figure shows that thick steps had to be used to ensure high strength. They are attached to the wall using large dowels. It should not be forgotten that the supporting structure of the building must be designed for the corresponding loads.

The design on the bolts looks easy. These are special fasteners that hold the steps together.

One of the advantages of such structures is the possibility of simple disassembly for repair, replacement of worn-out steps.

Compact metal and wooden stairs in the house to the second floor: photos, technical details

If the structure is made in the form of a spiral, it will fulfill its functions, but it will occupy a small area. Such solutions are used in small rooms where it is necessary to economically manage the available space.

What are the advantages of stairs to the second floor on a metal frame: the correct use of other materials

Positive characteristics, disadvantages, rules for the use of various materials should be considered separately.

Even without a detailed study of the design documentation, it is clear that such a design is not complicated. It is not too difficult to create such a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands. Balusters, posts and handrails can be ordered from the carpentry workshop. Steps of simple shape and bowstrings with slots are not too difficult to make without help. The assembly is also not accompanied by great difficulties.

Wood is easy to process. This material is covered with a transparent varnish in order to preserve for viewing the unique patterns created by nature itself. Products made from this material are lightweight. They are well in line with modern trends, in which ecological cleanliness and naturalness are highly valued.

Important! It should be remembered that wood parts are damaged by temperature changes, humidity, mold and other harmful effects of biological origin. They must be protected by impregnations, special surface layers.

Such structures are suitable for outdoor installation. However, in this case, it is necessary to create a layer of paint, perform other anti-corrosion treatment to extend the service life.

Glass products do not rust. Cracks do not form in them, as you do a tree, when the humidity and temperature regime changes. They do not burn, retain integrity and excellent appearance for a long period of use. They can be cleaned of dirt with strong detergents.

Such reliable structures are designed for increased loads. But they themselves weigh a lot, so the appropriate tolerances for a particular building should be taken into account in the calculation.

Overview of designs, taking into account style, purpose

The following photos of stairs to the second floor in a private house show examples of the use of different details. With their help, certain aesthetic and technical characteristics are created.

The elements of this lightweight construction are prefabricated. You should not apply such solutions without professional experience, engineering skills. To fix such parts in the walls, large ones are used.

The exact calculation of the metal frame allows each step to withstand the weight of an adult without damage. You should not install a ladder without in a house where small children, the elderly live.

It is more difficult to work with this material, so complex parts are ordered at specialized enterprises. For assembly using bolted connections, special skills are not required. It is more difficult to make a quality connection if you have to use a welding machine.

It is also better to entrust the creation of such a metal staircase to the second floor to professionals.

It should be noted that in some of the options, usability is questionable. Designers show excessive imagination, forgetting about the direct functional purpose of products. In other cases, the level of comfort is reduced by the cramped conditions of a narrow aisle. Below are photos of several practical solutions.

How to properly illuminate straight and spiral staircases: photos, expert recommendations

To ensure safety during the operation of flights of stairs, it is necessary to ensure their sufficient visibility. Best suited for solving such problems. These compact devices can be built discreetly into structural elements. Their durability, low power consumption, resistance to power surges and other external influences will appeal to prudent owners.

General conclusion

You can create a staircase to the second floor yourself, or purchase a finished product. These structures use different materials, methods of exterior decoration. They are equipped with manual lighting, or. In any case, the following factors must be taken into account:

• with an estimate and a list of necessary purchases will help optimize costs.
• Stairs must match the overall style of the room and purpose.
• The features of future operation should be studied and a sufficient level of comfort (safety) for all users should be ensured.

The materials in this article will help you make the right decision when determining the exact parameters of complex and simple structures of this class.