Skin and muscle sensitivity. Smell. Taste. Motor analyzer Muscular feeling is necessary for

muscle feeling

musculo-articular reception, proprioception, the ability of humans and animals to perceive and evaluate changes in the relative position of body parts and their movement. The role of information about the position of one or another part of the body in space and the degree of contraction of each of the muscles in the regulation of movements and cognition of the environment was first pointed out by I. M. Sechenov, who called M. h. "dark muscle feeling." Nerve impulses that arise in muscle-articular (kinesthetic) receptors - proprioreceptors (See Proprioreceptors) (these include muscle spindles, Golgi bodies, and possibly Pacini bodies) during muscle contraction and stretching reach the central nervous system through sensitive nerve fibers. The totality of the peripheral and central nervous formations participating in the analysis of this information is called by IP Pavlov the motor analyzer (See Motor analyzer). The perfection and subtlety of the coordination of motor reactions, including locomotion (see Locomotion), carried out by animals and humans, are explained by the accumulation during the life of the organism of ever new connections between the neurons of the motor analyzer and other analyzers (see Analyzers) (visual, auditory, and etc.). M. h. plays an important role in the development of the body's perceptions, since it serves as the main control of the remaining sense organs. So, a visual assessment of the distance of an object is developed with the help of the M. h. when approaching the object.

O. M. Benyumov.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Muscular feeling" is in other dictionaries:

Sensations arising from irritation of sensitive structures of the musculoskeletal system. For the first time, I. M. Sechenov pointed out the value of M. h., calling it “dark M. h.” According to modern representations, the sensation of movement (kinesthesia) is formed on the basis of ... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

muscle feeling- a complex of sensations that arise due to the work of the muscular system of the body. The concept of M. h. was introduced by I. M. Sechenov, who interpreted it as a special form of knowledge of the spatio-temporal relations of the environment, and not as a reflection ... ...

muscle feeling- raumenų pojūtis statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Pojūčių, kylančių dirbant raumenims, kompleksas; kūno dalių padėties ir jų judėjimo suvokimas. Atsiranda atėjus jaudinimui iš sąnarių, sausgyslių ir raumenų receptorių į… … Sporto terminų žodynas

MUSCLE FEELING- a complex of sensations arising from irritation of the sensitive structures of the musculoskeletal system. For the first time, I.M. Sechenov, calling him "dark M. h." Often as a synonym for the concept of "muscle sensitivity" ... ... Psychomotor: Dictionary Reference

muscle sensation (proprioception)- a complex of sensations that reflect the ability of humans and animals to perceive and evaluate changes in muscles, the relative position of their body parts and their movement. The term was proposed by I.M. Sechenov ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

"Dark Muscle Feeling"- in the terminology of I.M. Sechenov: vaguely perceived sensations emanating from the muscles (proprioceptive sensations in the terminology of Ch. Sherrington) in the process of movements carried out by the animal during its interaction with objects of the surrounding world. Playing... ... Human psychology: glossary of terms

muscular feeling- a complex of sensations that arise due to the work of the muscular system of the body. The concept was introduced by I. M. Sechenov, who interpreted it as a special form of cognition of the space-time relations of the external environment, and not as a reflection of the states of itself ... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia

A sensation that arises in the depths of our members and mainly in the muscles, their tendons, in the articular bags and ligaments, and even in the articular parts of the bones, and reaching from there to the centers of the brain along special centripetal pathways connecting ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

See Kinesthesia... Big Medical Dictionary

MUSCLE FEELING MUSCLE FEELING

sensations arising from irritation of the sensitive structures of the musculoskeletal system. For the first time, I. M. Sechenov pointed out the value of M. h., calling it “dark M. h.” According to modern According to ideas, the sensation of movement (kinesthesia) is formed on the basis of information entering the central nervous system not only from the receptors of the skin, joints and fascia, but also from muscle spindles and tendon organs. Often, the term “proprioception” is considered a synonym for muscle sensitivity (see PROPRIOCEPTERS).

.(Source: "Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary." Chief editor M. S. Gilyarov; Editorial board: A. A. Babaev, G. G. Vinberg, G. A. Zavarzin and others - 2nd ed., corrected . - M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1986.)

See what "MUSCLE FEELING" is in other dictionaries:

Muscular-articular reception, proprioception, the ability of humans and animals to perceive and evaluate changes in the relative position of body parts and their movement. For the role of information about the position of a particular part of the body in space ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

See Kinesthesia... Big Medical Dictionary

Proprioception, proprioception (from Latin proprius “own, special” and receptor “receiving”; from Latin capio, cepi “to accept, perceive”), deep sensitivity, a sense of the position of parts of one’s own ... Wikipedia

Few of us think about muscle feeling and give it exceptional importance. Meanwhile, thanks to him, even closing his eyes, a person unmistakably feels in what position his arm is in spatial relation - is it bent or raised up, in what position is his body - is he sitting or standing. Such regulation of movements is determined by the work of special proprioceptors located in the muscles, articular bags, ligaments, and in the skin. Let's take a closer look at what muscle feeling is.

A special form of knowledge

The complex of sensations that arise due to the functioning of the body is called a muscular feeling. This concept was introduced into use by I. M. Sechenov. The scientist argued that, for example, when a person walks, not only his sensations from the contact of the leg with the surface are important, but also the so-called muscle sensations that accompany the contraction of the corresponding organs.

The interpretation of the question of what a muscular feeling is, was given by I. M. Sechenov as a special form of man's knowledge of the spatio-temporal relations of his environment.

Muscular feeling, the scientist gave a special purpose in the regulation of movements. He assigned vision and vision the role of the closest regulators, thanks to which a person is able to compare objects, perform simple operations of analysis and synthesis.

"Dark" feeling

Muscular was called "dark" and for a rather long period they did not separate from touch, calling both concepts haptics. Thus, the psychologist William James emphasized the extreme uncertainty of this concept. Because it is not clear what we are talking about - about residual sensations from a posture or movement, or some kind of efferent impulses sent by the brain.

Indeed, in most cases, a person is not aware of the work of muscles, but only movement. The sensations experienced when moving, maintaining a certain posture, straining the vocal cords or gesticulating, are almost not realized.

Kinesthesia

At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, the question of what muscle feeling is and how to determine it was still on the agenda. The neurologist Henry-Charlton Bastian began to express this concept, or, as he wrote, “feelings of movement”, with the word “kinesthesia”.

Kinaesthesia was understood as the ability of the brain to be continuously aware of the movement and position of the muscles of the body and its various parts. This ability was achieved thanks to proprioceptors, which send impulses to the brain from the joints, tendons, and muscles.

The term entered the scientific language quite firmly and even gave rise to several derivative concepts, such as kinesthetic empathy, kinesthetic pleasure, kinesthetic imagination, which means liberation from the usual and normative ways of moving and the ability to create new motor “events”.

Proprioreceptors

How to understand what a muscle feeling is?

Awareness of the position and movement of the muscles of the body and its various parts is associated with the work of special proprioceptors - nerve endings located in the muscular-articular apparatus. Their excitation during muscle stretching or contraction is sent by impulses to receptors along nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This allows a person, without controlling his movements with his eyesight, to change the position of the body or posture, makes it possible to touch the tip of the nose with the exact movement of a finger.

Such signals are very important for the orientation of the body in space. Without them, a person would not be able to perform any coordinated movement. Muscular feeling in the work of people in such professions as a surgeon, driver, violinist, pianist, draftsman, turner and many others plays an important role. Special regulating impulses enable them to make subtle and precise movements.

A person, being conscious, constantly feels the passive or active position of his body parts and the movement of the joints. They accurately determine the resistance to each of their movements. Such abilities taken together are called proprioception, since the stimulation of the corresponding proprioceptors (receptors) does not come from the external environment, but from the body itself. Often they are called deep sensitivity. This is due to the fact that most of the receptors are located in extracutaneous structures: in muscles, joints and their capsules, tendons, ligaments, periosteum, fascia.

Muscular-articular feeling, thanks to proprioceptors, allows a person to have a sense of the position of his body in space, as well as a sense of strength and movement. The first one is practically not subject to adaptation and carries information about the angle at which a certain joint is currently located, and, accordingly, about the position of all limbs. The sense of movement allows you to realize the direction and speed of movement of the joints. At the same time, a person with muscle contraction equally perceives active and passive action. The threshold for perception of movements depends on their amplitude and on the rate of changes in the angle of joint flexion.

The sense of strength allows you to assess the muscle strength that is necessary for movement or to keep the joints in a certain position.

The meaning of muscle feeling

For a person, musculoskeletal feeling is of no small importance. It allows you to correctly find objects and determine the position of the body in space with your eyes closed. Muscular feeling helps to determine the mass and volume of objects, to make a fine analysis of movements, their coordination. Its value especially increases with a fall in vision or its loss.

dysfunction of the motor analyzer leads to the fact that a person loses the accuracy of movements. His gait becomes unsteady and unsteady, he loses his balance. In people with similar disorders, vision takes over the function of the so-called nearest regulator.

Muscular feeling in a state of weightlessness

Muscular feeling in a person in space flights is absent. In the state of weightlessness, in which there is no support force, the orientation of spatial relationships is perceived through visual perception and visual evaluation.

The experience of orbital flights and access to unsupported space by cosmonauts showed that a person is able to adapt to conditions so unusual for him. There are other relationships between him. Tactile, muscular-articular sensations, vision acquire the main importance, a slightly smaller influence is attributed to signaling from the otolithic device. Such analyzers are unstable.

In future flights of cosmonauts and their further separation in unsupported space, the possibility of the appearance of disorientation and spatial illusions is not ruled out. That is why the problem of human orientation in outer space is quite relevant.

The motor analyzer is the oldest. In the process of the historical development of the animal world, nerve and muscle cells were formed almost simultaneously. Subsequently, the animals developed nervous and muscular systems, functionally related to each other.

The structure of the motor analyzer

The peripheral part of the motor analyzer is the internal receptors of the organs of movement - muscles, joints and tendons. They receive irritation during the movement of these organs and, sending impulses to the cortex of the hemispheres, report on the state of the organs of movement and on the actions that a person performs with their help.

The excitation that has arisen in the receptors of the motor analyzer along the centripetal nerves through the posterior (sensitive) roots is carried to the spinal cord. It is transmitted along the ascending pathways to the cerebral cortex.

The central part of the motor analyzer is the sensory-motor zone of the cerebral cortex, namely the anterior central gyrus.

The existence of a motor analyzer can be proved with a simple experiment. Close your eyes and take any position, and then move or leg. Without seeing these movements, you can talk about them in detail. The existence of a motor analyzer was elucidated in observations of patients in whom the ascending pathways of the spinal cord were affected. In such people, the movements when walking are uncoordinated, since the conductive part of the motor analyzer is broken.

The motor analyzer is extremely important for the execution and learning of movements. It controls the correctness and accuracy of movements. For example, when bending the arm in the elbow joint, the biceps of the shoulder muscle contracts and the triceps stretches. The excitation that has arisen in the receptors of these muscles signals that one muscle is contracted and the other is stretched. Receptors in the rubbing surfaces of the elbow joint and stretched tendons inform the brain about the amplitude and speed of flexion. This signaling not only enables a person to feel this movement, but also allows the cerebral cortex to control the accuracy and correctness of its implementation. Excitation from the receptors of the motor analyzer enters the sensory-motor zone of the cortex. From there, there is a flow of impulses to the working muscles, which ensures the timely correction of the movements performed.

The motor analyzer plays a leading role in learning new movements. Any movements that a person acquires during his life are complex conditioned motor reflexes. The ability to write with a pen and play the piano, and to perform the most complex combinations of choreographic movements appears as a result of the formation of these reflexes. They are generated using a motor analyzer.

Subcortical centers also participate in human motor activity, Oki regulate muscle tone, refine coordination of movements during running, walking and dancing, coordinate the activity of internal organs with motor reflexes.

Motor analyzer - according to I.P. Pavlov - analyzer:

- serving as the central apparatus for building movements;
- perceiving irritations from muscles, tendons and ligaments; and
- providing the formation of purposeful reactions in response to external stimuli.

Among interoreceptors, a special position is occupied by various mechanoreceptors that are located in muscles, joints and tendons. They were called proprioceptors because their stimulation triggers their own muscle reflexes.

Muscle mechanoreceptors are located both in the muscle itself and in its tendons.

In most cases, afferent fibers branch strongly and repeatedly wind around one or more muscle fibers without penetrating under their sheath and forming the so-called muscle spindle or spiral receptor organ. As a rule, muscle fibers supplied with a spiral receptor are much thinner than the rest and are unlikely to take a noticeable part in the work of the muscle, although they have not lost their ability to contract. The excitation of this mechanoreceptor occurs under the influence of its stretching with an active change in muscle tension. There are also muscle receptors with a different structure.

The receptors located on the tendon have a different structure. Unlike spiral receptors, they come into a state of excitation not only with active, but also with passive changes in muscle tension. Consequently, the function of various receptors of the motor apparatus is not the same.

The excitation of the mechanoreceptors of the motor analyzer occurs under the influence of both passive and active changes in the tension of the muscles, their tendons, and also the ligaments that strengthen the joints. Therefore, the impulses coming from the proprioreceptors accurately signal the degree of contraction or relaxation of each muscle, the degree of tension of all individual elements of the motor apparatus. In their totality, these impulses make you aware of the slightest change in the position in space of any part of the body.

At one time, I.M. Sechenov was the first to draw attention to the great importance of the receptors of the motor apparatus, which determine the muscular feeling, or the sense of the position of body parts in space. He called this feeling "dark". And indeed, if the effect on the exteroreceptors can be localized and characterized to one degree or another, then the excitation of the proprioreceptors gives only a vague sensation of body position that is difficult to define in words and does not allow one to judge the place of application of the stimulus or its nature. However, this dark feeling allows us, in the complete absence of light, to accurately make the necessary movement, to maintain balance, both in static and in locomotion, to take the desired posture, to touch one or another part of the body with our hand.

Proprioreceptors adapt only to a very weak degree to a continuously lasting stimulus, unchanged in intensity. Therefore, impulses from the muscles continue to flow into the central nervous system even when the body is stationary. Any, the most insignificant movement increases their flow from some muscles and weakens from others. This changing, but continuous flow of impulses enters the cortical section of the motor analyzer and causes a subjective sensation of a certain position of the body and its parts. The beginning and course of any motor act is largely determined by the signals of the muscles, joints and tendons, because when performing the same movement, the intensity of contraction or relaxation of each muscle depends on the initial posture and on those changes in the position of the body and its individual parts that occur in the process of performing the movement.

The source of a motor reflex can be impulses coming along the afferent pathways of the auditory, visual and any other analyzer. A person can get up from his seat and go towards another person whom he saw or whose voice he heard. However, the consistent execution of the corresponding motor acts proceeds mainly according to the type of own reflexes of the system of organs of movement.

The correctness and accuracy of the movements performed are primarily controlled by the motor analyzer. However, control by other analyzers is also essential. This is facilitated by the abundance of associative fibers connecting the area of the motor analyzer with different areas of the cortex. Both during locomotion and during the performance of any work, impulses enter the cerebral cortex from the organs of vision, hearing, from skin receptors, as well as from the peripheral sections of other analyzers. The simultaneous occurrence of foci of excitation and inhibition in the cortical sections of the motor and other analyzers leads to the formation of corresponding positive and negative conditional relationships. So, for example, each movement is accompanied by stretching or squeezing on the basis of conditional connections formed during life between the cortical sections of the motor and visual analyzer.

A person whose motor analyzer pathways are damaged cannot, with his eyes closed, stretch his hand forward and then touch the tip of his nose with his index finger; often he touches his ear and chin. Meanwhile, with open eyes, this person accurately brings his finger to the tip of his nose.

All this suggests that the conditioned connections formed as a result of accompanying motor acts by the corresponding excitation of photoreceptors become very strong, and impulses from the organs of vision can at least partially replace those that should come from proprioreceptors.

O. M. Benyumov.

- a complex of sensations that arise due to the work of the muscular system of the body ...
Great Psychological Encyclopedia
- a complex receptor organ in the skeletal muscles of terrestrial vertebrates. It plays an important role in the organization of movements, enters the system of proprioceptors, participates in the formation of muscle sensation. . ...
- shortening or tension of the muscles in response to irritation caused by a motor discharge. neurons...
Biological encyclopedic dictionary
- the common name of V., which are components of muscle tissue ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- muscular V., which is part of the neuromuscular spindle; peripheral parts of V. of m. have transverse striation and are capable of contraction, the central part does not contract ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- see Smooth muscle cell ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- see Muscle fiber intrafusiform ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- V. m., which is a structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle tissue; consists of a sarcoplasm with numerous nuclei, covered with a sarcolemma, and contains contractile striated myofibrils ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- see Nervous-...
Big Medical Dictionary
- see Abbreviation...
Big Medical Dictionary
- shortening or change in the tension of the muscle fibers that make up the muscle ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- U., manifested mainly in a certain group of muscles that were subjected to the greatest stress during work ...
Big Medical Dictionary
- see Kinesthesia...
Big Medical Dictionary
- a sensation that occurs in the depths of our members and mainly in the muscles, their tendons, in the articular bags and ligaments, and even in the articular parts of the bones, and reaching from there to the centers of the brain in special ...
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron
- shortening of the muscle, as a result of which it performs mechanical work. M. s. provides the ability of animals and humans to voluntary movements ...
- muscular-articular reception, proprioception, the ability of humans and animals to perceive and evaluate changes in the relative position of body parts and their movement ...
Great Soviet Encyclopedia

"Muscle Feeling" in books

Self-esteem is the feeling that you are worthy of love.

From the book of Kryon. 45 practices to learn how to receive the help of the universe author Liman Arthur

Self-esteem is the feeling that you are worthy of love Kryon says that most people born before 1989 did not have an innate sense of self-worth. But this is not our fault. There are two reasons beyond our control. First

CHAPTER 14 A Sense of Reality and a Sense of Possibility Why is love still so important to us?

From the book Love author Precht Richard David

CHAPTER 14 A Sense of Reality and a Sense of Possibility Why is love still so important to us? And I may be responsible to defend Every love, every ending Or maybe I’ve reason to believe We all will be received In Graceland Sex

Subtlety of touch and muscle feeling

From the book Classic Russian Massage in 15 Days author Oguy Viktor Olegovich

The subtlety of touch and muscular sense The subtlety of touch and the degree of development of the muscular sense of the massage therapist play a paramount role in his work. The hand for the massage therapist is his second pair of eyes. And the muscular feeling and the subtlety of touch are significantly weakened by fatigue.

Prolonged muscle tension

From the book Complete Medical Diagnostic Handbook author Vyatkina P.

Prolonged muscle tension Symptoms. With so-called tension headaches, people experience a relatively constant feeling of heaviness in the back of the head and forehead, aggravated to a sensation of pain during prolonged fixation of the head (for example, while reading, writing),

Isometric muscle contraction

TSB

Isotonic muscle contraction

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (FROM) of the author TSB

muscle contraction

TSB

muscle feeling

From the book Great Soviet Encyclopedia (WE) of the author TSB

Uncontrolled muscle tension and its treatment

From the book Osteochondrosis author Dolzhenkov Andrey Viktorovich

Uncontrollable Muscle Tension and Its Treatment Repeated physical activity without interruption to stretch the overworked rectifier muscles of the spine eventually leads to uncontrollable residual tension. The disc is constantly compressed

1. Muscle tension

From the book Guide to Systemic Behavioral Psychotherapy author Kurpatov Andrey Vladimirovich

1. Muscle tension A. Mental mechanism The above general formula of stress can be successfully applied to a particular case (element) of the body's stress response, namely, to the phenomenon of muscle tension.G. Selye identified two types of stress responses.

Muscle relaxation

author Lagutina Tatiana

Muscle relaxation Below we will discuss the technique of progressive muscle relaxation. The techniques described are absolutely reliable, do not cause stress and do not require much physical effort. Exercises are aimed only at the muscles of the hands, forearms, legs and face.

Muscle relaxation with visualization

From the book How to improve memory and develop attention in 4 weeks author Lagutina Tatiana

Muscle Relaxation with Visualization Yogis have used this exercise to achieve complete relaxation of the body and soul. In addition, it can be used to control the degree of relaxation that you achieve during training. Starting position: lying on your back

CONSISTENT MUSCLE RELAXATION

author Lapp Daniel

CONSISTENT MUSCLE RELAXATION Do this exercise at home or somewhere in a closed room: when you want to relax, you need to find yourself a secluded corner where you can be alone so that you are not interrupted or disturbed. Purpose of this exercise

MUSCLE RELAXATION WITH VISUALIZATION (USING MENTAL PICTURES)

From the book Improving memory - at any age author Lapp Daniel

MUSCLE RELAXATION WITH VISUALIZATION (USING MENTAL PICTURES) This exercise is borrowed from yogis - as soon as the muscles relax, they resorted to it for the simultaneous complete relaxation of the body and soul. Therefore, it will be useful to master

3. Sense of proportion, sense of time, algorithms, uniqueness. Aryan science

From the book Our own and others author Khomyakov Petr Mikhailovich

3. Sense of proportion, sense of time, algorithms, uniqueness. Aryan science At this point it is worth pausing to describe the fate of our ancestor. Let's take a look at the man who came to the glacial area. Behind him, conflagrations in the subtropics are still smoking. No one has yet

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