Mystical secrets of the KGB of the Soviet Union. All books about: "KGB stories erotica

The book by K. Andrew and O. Gordievsky gives a broad retrospective of the operations of the Soviet foreign intelligence from its foundation in 1917 until the collapse of the USSR. The book is based on extensive factual and historical material obtained by the authors and testimonies of eyewitnesses and participants in these operations. And the personal experience of Oleg Gordievsky, who served for 23 years in KGB foreign intelligence, and the knowledge of Professor Christopher Andrew, the leading scholar of intelligence history in the West, make this book even more significant. The Russian edition is supplemented with historical facts that became known at the time of publication in Russia.

Secrets of the Lubyanka: a view from Britain 1

Preface to the Russian edition 2

Evolution of KGB 3

List of abbreviations 3

Introduction 4

Chapter I - Roots (1565-1917) 8

Chapter II - The Cheka, the Counter-Revolution and the "Lockhart Plot" (1917-1921) 13

Chapter III - Foreign intelligence and "active actions". The era of Dzerzhinsky (1919-1927) 21

Chapter IV - Stalin and spy mania (1926-1938) 33

Chapter V - "Enemies of the people" abroad (1929-1940) 44

Chapter VI - The Radio Intercept Service, the Infiltration of Agents, and the Fab Five from Cambridge (1930-1939) 51

Chapter VII - World War II (1939-1941) 67

Chapter VIII - The Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) 78

Chapter X - Cold War. Stalin stage (1945-1953) 102

Chapter XI - The Cold War after Stalin (1953-1963) 116

Chapter XII - The era of Brezhnev. East, Third World and West (1964-1972/73) 132

Chapter XIII - The Decline and Fall of Détente (1972-1984) 148

Chapter XIV - Under Gorbachev (1985-1991) 168

Application: 179

Bibliography 179

Oleg Gordievsky, Christopher Andrew
KGB

Secrets of the Lubyanka: a view from Britain

Oleg Gordievsky is a spy. Or, to put it elegantly, a foreign intelligence agent. In this case, English, which he served faithfully for more than a dozen years.

Gordievsky is not the first KGB officer to commit an act of betrayal against his homeland: in Kryukov's KGB, at least half a dozen security officers were caught red-handed while conducting espionage operations in favor of other states. He managed to escape from the networks of counterintelligence and now he and his family are enjoying the fruits of freedom somewhere in a well-fed English province.

No matter how we judge the actions of our compatriots who have changed the geography of their place of residence, who have fled or emigrated from a country of developed socialism, the attitude towards spies is always unambiguous. And not only with us. Kim Philby, John Walker, Heinz Felfe, hundreds of other people who in the past connected their lives with Soviet intelligence and worked for it sometimes from the most noble motives, in the eyes of the people they betrayed, are criminals. They will remain such in the history of different peoples, no matter what clothes they dress themselves in during their lifetime.

The foregoing does not mean at all that spies are inveterate scoundrels and mediocre creatures who are unable or unwilling to earn their daily bread in a righteous way. Rather, on the contrary: living a double life for many years, constantly walking on the edge of a knife, wearing the guise of a loyal citizen and a respectable family man, carefully following the instructions of one boss and then secretly running with a report to another is not an easy task, requiring not only good mental health, but also outstanding acting skills, the gift of reincarnation, in which virtuoso deceit crowns all the efforts of the player.

Oleg Gordievsky certainly belonged to this category of spies. He can be safely put on the same level as Penkovsky, a colonel in the Soviet military intelligence who collaborated with the British in the 60s. Unlike Penkovsky, who ended his life on death row, Gordievsky was lucky: he not only escaped the well-deserved punishment, but also wrote a book in collaboration with Christopher Andrew: "The KGB. A History of Foreign Policy Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev." This book was published for the first time in England in 1990 and is now becoming available to the Russian public.

I'll say it bluntly: a more thorough and reliable study of Soviet intelligence has not yet been published by anyone and nowhere.

Of course, even before 1990, the Western book market offered the reader in abundance the memoirs of former KGB and GRU officers (Orlov, Deryabin, Khokhlov, Golitsyn, Levchenko, Suvorov), the works of numerous Sovietologists devoted to the activities of Soviet state security agencies (Conquest, Dallin, Epstein, Hanson , Hingley, etc.) But perhaps the most noisy success was John Barron's book about the KGB, which was published in several editions after the scandal with Soviet "diplomats" in London in 1971. Unfortunately, this bestseller contains a lot of fabrications, gossip, distortions and inaccuracies. It can rather be attributed to a fascinating reading material than to a detailed and verified story about the almighty Soviet department.

Gordievsky's book favorably differs from all previous publications on this topic with a full-fledged retrospective analysis of the formation and development of intelligence structures in Russia and the USSR. It contains rich material that was previously inaccessible to the average citizen and the press, clearly reveals the mechanism of functioning of the most closed system of a totalitarian state. Giving credit to Gordievsky himself as an author, I cannot but say that a significant part of the book came out from the pen of Christopher Andrew. This applies primarily to episodes from the activities of Soviet intelligence, about which Gordievsky, due to his official position, could not know. Thus, the case of the murder of the Bulgarian writer, emigrant G. Markov was known to a very limited circle of people, and Gordievsky did not have access to it. Many of the pages devoted to the work of Soviet intelligence in the United States are apparently written by Christopher Andrew on the materials of American intelligence agencies and the testimony of former KGB defectors. However, this is the merit of the book: it captures broad layers, gives a global vision of problems.

The reader will probably want to gallop through the first hundred pages, which describes the history of the emergence of the Russian political police and its direct successor, the Cheka, and plunge into modernity with its twisted plots and many familiar names. Do not hurry. To understand the roots, the origins of our current troubles, you need to know how and where it all began. But to know not from the "Short Course" and textbooks of the Ministry of Education, not from slick and sterile historical monographs, but from unbiased, objective sources, which this book can serve as. The role of Lenin and Dzerzhinsky in organizing mass terror, the "Lockhart plot" and the figure of the British spy Sidney Reilly, the activities of the Comintern and the "successes" of the Cheka-GPU on the domestic front will be seen in a new way. An entire chapter is devoted to Stalin and his relationship with law enforcement agencies. The history of the preparation for the assassination of Trotsky is described in detail. Sorge, Philby, McLean, Burgess, Blunt - the names that once filled the headlines of all the newspapers of the world, except for Soviet ones, are now, thanks to this book, portraits and, undoubtedly, will become closer and more understandable to those for whom they made enormous sacrifices. .

The activities of Soviet agents in the United States during World War II are vividly presented. The Stalinist state security, taking advantage of the friendly disposition of the Roosevelt administration towards its ally in the East, managed to weave a very effective spy network in Washington. However, Gordievsky casts a shadow on the president's closest adviser, Harry Hopkins, in vain. In those years, sympathy for warring Russia was so strong in American society that any official could be considered an agent by unscrupulous Chekists only because of his willingness to share information and favorably treat the requests of Soviet representatives.

The problems of the post-war system in Eastern Europe, the control of the party-police mafia there, the vile role of the then Soviet Ambassador to Hungary Yu.

Soviet intelligence is presented in the book most impressively. Its history essentially began with Alexander Sakharovsky joining PGU in 1956, who did a lot to turn intelligence into a powerful, well-oiled bureaucratic mechanism. Having inherited from his predecessors an extensive network of agents, Sakharovsky managed at first not only to consolidate, but also to expand the scale of foreign operations. To a large extent, this was facilitated by the aggressiveness of the KGB counterintelligence apparatus, which shamelessly seduced or forced foreign citizens in Moscow to cooperate with the KGB, whether they were ambassadors, military attaches, clerks or embassy guards. They did not disdain the rare tourists and businessmen in those years.

The third book of a unique publication about the KGB tells about the events that took place in our country in 1995-1996. The author, a professional Chekist in the past, who served in the bodies for twenty years, with documentary, chronological accuracy, traces the path of systematic reform of the security bodies, and in essence, their destruction.

Anatomy of betrayal: CIA "Supermole" in… A. Sokolov

For the first time, the book provides an analysis of a number of undercover cases, which later became world famous, to which the author was directly involved during his operational work in the Washington KGB residency. A psychological study of the phenomenon of "betrayal" is carried out on the example of the former responsible officer of the Soviet intelligence O. Kalugin, whom the author knew well from joint work. The author put forward a version of his recruitment by American intelligence services in 1958 in New York. New facts of his espionage and work for the US intelligence services are given ...

Farewell, KGB Arkady Yarovoy

This book is written by a man who has served in the state security agencies for many years. The defeat of the KGB, the collapse of the USSR, the two Chechen wars, terrorism and banditry - all this is the personal pain of the author. The authoritarian rule of Boris Yeltsin, humiliating foreign loans and the creation of the shamelessly luxurious Kremlin empire of the "Family", the unlimited power of the oligarchs, high-ranking officials and the complete lack of rights of the common population - this, according to Arkady Yarovoy, is the true tragedy of our long-suffering Motherland. The book contains the names of famous ...

History of the KGB Alexander Sever

What did the Fifth Directorate of the KGB and its regional divisions actually do? Who, where and how listened to the American presidents, and why were the employees of the electronic intelligence posts of the Sixteenth Directorate of the KGB of the USSR awarded military orders? How did domestic scientific and technical intelligence help to create new types of Soviet military equipment? What did the employees of the “F” line do in foreign residencies? For whom did they lay weapons and radio stations in "cache" and caches in Western Europe? What should have happened...

KGB - CIA - Secret springs of perestroika Vyacheslav Shironin

Major General Vyacheslav Shironin worked for thirty-three years in the state security bodies of the USSR, and in recent years in Russia, headed one of the analytical centers of the KGB (Department "A"), was the deputy head of the Soviet counterintelligence, and later the chief consultant for such department heads, like Fedorchuk, Chebrikov, Bakatin, Barannikov, Stepashin. I visited all the "hot" spots, including Afghanistan, Transcaucasia, Central Asia, as well as during the period of perestroika in such a "warm" point as the Baltic states of 1990-1991. About all…

Lubyanka, VChK-OGPU-KVD-NKGB-MGB-MVD-KGB 1917-1960,… N. Petrov

The reference book is devoted to the history of the Central Office of the Internal Affairs and State Security of the USSR in 1917–1960. For the first time, information is provided on the structure of the Cheka - OGPU - NKVD - NKGB - MGB - MVD - KGB, the most important orders that determined the activities of these departments, as well as biographical data on the people's commissars (ministers) of internal affairs of the USSR and their deputies.

Jews in the KGB Vadim Abramov

Among the numerous myths of Soviet history, one of the most persistent and widespread is the myth of the role of Jews in the "organs", and it exists in two mutually exclusive versions. On the one hand, there is an opinion about "Jewish dominance" in the Soviet special services. On the other hand, about the "anti-Semitic policy" of the KGB. "Patriots" publish endless lists of Chekists with "dubious" names, denouncing their "sinister role" in Russian history. "Liberals" curse the "KGB-Sudophobes" persecuting innocent fellow citizens on the "fifth point". What is in these accusations ...

KGB against the USSR. 17 moments of betrayal Alexander Shevyakin

Sensational investigation of the greatest crime of the 20th century - the murder of the USSR. Exposing the main secret of the KGB. The whole truth about "17 Moments of Treason". Irrefutable evidence of the existence of a Chekist conspiracy aimed at the collapse and liquidation of the Soviet Union - it was the State Security Committee that was the main puppeteer of the damned "perestroika", playing a decisive role in this tragedy; it was from the Lubyanka that they staged the riots and controlled the Kremlin puppets, “failed” (to use Stalin’s words) the great ...

KGB SRSR. Spogadi Opera Undefined Undefined

Such a book has never been read in twenty years of Ukrainian independence. I'm not talking about the earlier fates of communist despotism. Obviously, most of us, in May, on the street, thoughtful people, read the books of Viktor Suvorov (Volodymyr Rizun), the yoga “Aquarium”. But all the books are far away from our everyday reality, they hang especially in the GRU. It’s not far from here… Volodymyr Ushenko, a big officer of the KGB, who broke with the organization in 1991, two days before the so-called “coup”, writes in his works the everyday life of a district KGB officer…

Diary of a KGB officer Alexander Nikiforov

Kandahar, 1985 The most difficult period for a limited contingent of Soviet troops in Afghanistan, marked by bloody battles and serious losses on our part. The KGB major serves as an adviser to the Afghan Ministry of State Security. In fact, he works in a circle of unreliable and cunning people, from whom at any moment you can get a knife in the back. Despite the mortal danger, at the cost of colossal nervous tension, the major manages to maintain order in the city and bit by bit to get information about bandit formations ...

Valentina Maltseva

KGB Tuxedo 2: The Woman from the Marriott Hotel… Valentina Maltseva

…a fascinating continuation of Valentina Maltseva's The KGB in a Tuxedo, a book that has become a bestseller in our country. The reader will meet again with the main character - a professional journalist recruited by the KGB, with interest to learn a lot of stunning - albeit fictional by the author - details about the events of the recent past.

KGB vs MI6. Spy hunters Rem Krasilnikov

A former employee of the Second Main Directorate of the KGB, General Rem Krasilnikov, writes in his book about the confrontation between British intelligence and Russian (Soviet) counterintelligence. It was England that inspired the Entente campaigns against the Soviet Republic in 1918-20. From that time on, the confrontation between the two intelligence agencies began, which continues to this day. British intelligence "succeeded" in recruiting KGB officers, but almost all of them were exposed by Soviet counterintelligence. About these and many other actions of British intelligence against Russia...

KGB Oleg Gordievsky

The book by K. Andrew and O. Gordievsky gives a broad retrospective of the operations of the Soviet foreign intelligence from its foundation in 1917 until the collapse of the USSR. The book is based on extensive factual and historical material obtained by the authors and testimonies of eyewitnesses and participants in these operations. And the personal experience of Oleg Gordievsky, who served for 23 years in KGB foreign intelligence, and the knowledge of Professor Christopher Andrew, the leading scholar of intelligence history in the West, make this book even more significant. Russian edition updated...

Who among us has not watched the Soviet comedy "Office Romance", where the awkward Novoseltsev tries to hit on the strict director Lyudmila Prokofievna for the sake of promotion! After a series of funny cases and ridiculous situations, the affair develops into a sincere feeling of two lonely people, and the audience is waiting for a happy ending. In life, “like in a movie” rarely turns out, although office romances occur in almost every institution, whether it is a hardware store warehouse or a doctor's office.

Particularly persistent, of course, adhere to the rule “You don’t have to shit where you eat” (read “you work”), because fiery feelings can quickly come to an end, and then try to find a new job. Others can't resist and still have an affair at work. We talked to Petrozavodsk residents and learned three real love stories.

Nastya and her reflective story

“I was on vacation when a colleague called me and told me that we had a new employee in our office. I remember that I was still scared that they were calling me from work, all of a sudden something urgent, but I still want to rest! It turned out that a colleague just missed me and at the same time shared news from work. I wasn't happy about this news at all. A colleague can be called practically a friend, we sat together in the same office, dined together and walked at lunchtime, chatted and laughed, sometimes visited each other. It was so much fun with her, and now she is being transferred to another floor, and another person is already working in our office!

And it's a man! His girlfriend has already taught him everything, explained the specifics of the institution, and I will come, as if not to my own office ... With a man at the workplace you will not keep secrets and laugh, as with a girlfriend, of course, and even your every movement will need to be controlled. Oh! I was even a little offended: they could have warned, and a friend could have called immediately, as she found out about the movement of personnel. And what kind of a man is still unknown. Although a colleague said that he was nothing, tall, normal, handsome, and generally hinted that I should like him. If she hadn't said that, maybe nothing would have happened, just colleagues, employees. But at these words, somewhere deep in my heart skipped a beat, and I unconsciously prepared for an intrigue. Like this: a friend intrigued - I have an intrigue and formed.

Actually, I'm married. Long and solid. But, probably, not firmly enough, since I got into this story. To be honest, I can't explain how it happened. Slowly, little by little, like an avalanche from a snowball - and do not stop. Who else would know whether to stop. I never believed in the phrase "I'm confused", and this happened to me. I condemn myself and am pleased with myself: what a fatal woman I am, I’ll get whoever you want! Such is the dual feminine essence.

Before, everything in my life was simple: I studied, got married to a man I knew from school days, got a job. I didn't really believe in feelings either. It's time to play a wedding, well, they played, we live, I bring up my daughter. The husband is somehow on his own, he brings money, and it's good. And passions, feelings - it only happens in the movies. But, apparently, something was missing. Bored, right? Or I wanted it to be "like in the movies."

For the rest of the vacation, I was fueled by curiosity as to who the man was in my office. And when I saw him, I was even disappointed: that’s really “nothing”, as a colleague said, just nothing special. There was no such spark between us. I ran to work early to make up for lost time during the vacation, well, curiosity urged on, and he came in, said hello and buried himself in the computer. In my embarrassment, I didn't even introduce myself or talk to him. Later, later, the boss came and introduced us to each other, ordered me to love and not offend the newcomer. It was like everyone was pushing me on purpose! I must love him, you see!

Until the lunch break, we were silent, I looked at him, but did not see what my friend found in him. At lunch, she went up to her and expressed, they say, she was intrigued in vain! And she told me: “What are you, he is so cool!” And indeed, gradually I began to notice that I was beginning to feel sympathy for the way he behaved, the way he talked: everything was jokes, jokes. This is when we got to know each other better. And the door will gallantly open for me if we manage to come at the same time. And give you candy. And he will gobble up half of my dinner without a twinge of conscience, if nothing has been brought, and I treat him. And he will say something that only applies to me, like: “Oh, who came to us!” - Well, who else will come, if the office is designed for us. So glad, or what, to me? I wanted to think so.

I immediately spoke about my marital status. He did not spread about his own, and I was not interested. In general, he never took our relationship beyond work: he didn’t call, he didn’t write, he didn’t see him off, nothing like that. And he didn’t bring home problems to work. But he started flirting first. Sits, looks and smiles. If you smile back, you will surely say something pleasant. You laugh it off - he will also joke, talk. And he always readily agreed to help in the work. I no longer carried heavy folders and books, I didn’t wait for the engineer’s help in problems with office equipment, I didn’t grab my head with some snags anymore - he raked everything himself. And he always somehow turned out to be nearby, strove for communication, violated borders.

And then it happened that we had to stay late at work. Actually, I had to. There was a power failure, and we didn't have time to finish what everyone was supposed to finish today. I called my husband and warned that I would be late so that he would meet the child (then my daughter went to first grade) and take her to her grandmother. It gets dark early in autumn, and we only have a table lamp, the situation is so promising. After all, we turned off the overhead light just in case, turned off the power when the interruption occurred, and when the electricity was given, we rushed to work, and it got dark. They completed it almost simultaneously and said “wow!” in unison. And he stretched himself and said that it turned out to be his birthday, and there was even something to celebrate, only everyone had forgotten in the park. That's how it all happened. And I finally came home in the morning. The husband and child spent the night with their grandmother, had breakfast there and went to the park on the occasion of the day off. My husband didn't seem to care, he didn't even call.

And my conscience terribly tormented me both for my behavior, and for my attitude towards my husband, and because of my daughter. After all, I do not need this colleague! Yes, and love these relationships can not be called. Simple flirting, true office romance. I can't explain myself how it happened. There was not enough romance, something forbidden, interesting. I tried to convince myself that nothing terrible happened, that this happens at every step. Somehow I coped with myself, on Sunday, even with my husband and daughter, the three of us spent time, which rarely happens, walked on the lakefront, ate ice cream in a cafe. And on Monday they offered me to drop everything and leave ... “What is keeping you here? Come with me to Pskov!” This is where the real mental and moral suffering began. His roots are from Pskov, and he offers me to leave at least with my daughter. Get divorced, quit and leave. With a half-familiar person. I only know him from work!

And, the saddest part, I wanted it. I even started planning. I was tossed like a ship during a storm, I either wanted to be with this person, then I began to doubt him, my feelings, what I want and whether I need it, I rushed to my husband, tried to treat him better , was afraid for her daughter, and told a colleague that, most likely, I would not get divorced and that in general it was necessary to end the relationship. As a result, I fell into depression, I didn’t want anything at all. A colleague was angry with me, I was angry with myself, a colleague and my husband, my husband did not want to see anything. I lost interest and energy in my work. Colleagues did not whisper behind my back, and thanks for that. I shared it with a friend, she would have figured us out anyway, but gossip didn’t go further than her, apparently.

So I was tormented for about a month. The colleague left the last word for me: "I suggested - think." Our relationship has hung. At work, I could not do anything, my head was thinking badly and was busy all the time with the wrong things. And it all ended when I was deprived of the award for such work. It kind of pissed me off, sort of. And I made a choice in favor of the family. Who is this colleague to change your whole life because of him? He created problems for me anyway ... I didn’t swear love to him to the grave, he didn’t swear to me either. Just tired. And he left for Pskov, as he intended. And it’s good, because I’m so tired of being afraid that everything will be revealed, that I will have to leave work, that my husband will find out, that I myself will go crazy from experiences! I am now sitting and waiting for someone else to be appointed to my office. But no more romance!

Male perspective on office romances. Alexander about his novels at work

“Who said that men are cynical in this matter? Cynicism is just characteristic of the female character! Indeed, in the Orthodox religion, women are considered unclean beings. After all, they themselves do not know what they want, some intrigue, intricacies ... But a man is simpler, more naive. If he found another, he will say in plain text: "Sorry, goodbye."

Personally, I have no illusions about my own age. But the hands are still stretching! Reflexively stretching hands to the young! The spinal cord sends an impulse, and you want to grab it! What - pills to drink? Everyone lives as they see fit, and I believe that I will live as I need, I don’t make excuses and I’m not going to teach anyone. At the age you want to flirt. The desire to please results in compliments, maintaining appearance at the level, some word games: understatement, ambiguity.

Romance between colleagues is not good and it is not bad. Even between colleagues, even just strangers. It's all about whether a romance occurs or not, no matter where. If the romance flows into something valuable, that's good. And just something somewhere in the corner - generally great. What's wrong with that? After all, it is always better to make a mistake before a serious relationship is accepted.

Again, we spend so much time at work! So much time that I call my wife by the name of a colleague. But this does not mean something like that at all, it is already a reflex. And my wife understands this very well, she realizes that we have been sitting for many hours in the same office for many years. And we obviously have some kind of romance with her. A work novel, not a love story. After all, you can do without coitus. Yes, I see her more than my own wife! I already forgot what my wife looks like. When a colleague cuts his hair, I will immediately see. And when the wife is not. Because I haven't been able to persuade her to do it for five years. I don't like long hair. And the wife loves it. So an office romance is inevitable. And its form can be completely different, as in any relationship between people.

Personally, office romances do not interfere with my work. Although it happens that this is a terrible thing - to twist love at work. When two colleagues lay eyes on one colleague, this is both jealousy and some intimate conflicts ... And flirting - every day! And while it is standing normally - there is hope that everything is proceeding normally, I'm not talking about you, but about this beam. Do you see? Everything is simple.

The main thing is to realize the following thought, which will help you understand that there is no smell of cynicism here. A person is realized in everything: in children, professions, hobbies. This is a normal, natural state of a person. It is impossible to be realized in the family and at the same time not be realized in relations with women in other places. And where? Not on the street! Although, deviating from the topic, why not, in the end.

Here, imagine, spring, puddles. Nothing is removed. And a woman walks in front of me. She reached a puddle and could not bypass either on the left or on the right. I advise her, they say, you can slip through there, and she told me: “I'm afraid, I have Italian boots!” I hop on her hands and moved. My son was with me, so my son constantly reminds me of this beneficence: “Do you remember how you endured a woman?” The son felt that it was necessary to do this and that it was good. But you won't wear them all!

Here we are realized in work and at work. Somewhere you need to realize yourself as healthy, somewhere smart, somewhere professional, somewhere sexy. Women have different experiences. And it is impossible for a man not to be realized, not to show himself sexually with a colleague of the opposite sex. With his wife - one thing, with his mistress - another. With a woman who is neither a wife nor a lover - the third is also not bad. I have an implementation. This is good.

Men cross the border in films. But this rarely happens in life, in a certain environment. Someone is on duty at night with the opposite sex - that's the talk! Sleep, sleep! And it may or may not be. It is important that they spend time and prove themselves in this respect too. There is nothing surprising, nothing strange, reprehensible. And it is not at all necessary that if you smiled at a colleague, then with the next movement you should get her in the corner. Maybe it's illegal in Europe. Here in the USA, they say, you can’t open the door for a woman, give a coat - I haven’t been there, I don’t know. I live here, and for this nation all these courtships, even with subtext, even without intentions, are the norm.

One of my friends went to work in Australia, so six months later he was forced to leave there. He is married, but traveled alone, without a wife. A week later, after sidelong glances, he was warned not to pull up the woman's chair, otherwise there would be trouble. The police will stop. All courtship is prohibited - it is illegal. Not only professionally - not even the beach. And he broke the contract and left: “I can’t live like this, I’m alone. The men look askance, the women warn about the police.” It is culture that defines. And how to be realized then? Where is everything to go?

We have a national feature - to take care of a woman. So, the Boxing Federation made a decision: in Russia you can’t look at a woman in a bikini - they say, it’s impossible to box after that. What nonsense! And next time they will demand a veil! Russia is not for this. A woman must have a heel, must have a cleavage, otherwise she is not a woman. With her, a man should feel a craving for realization. He must take care of her. And flirting is completely normal. Like an office romance."

That's where expressions like "sailed and quit" come from. Although the sailors have absolutely nothing to do with it, the following story is about them.

Like in the movies. A short but happy story of an affair at work from Olga

“In medicine, there are whole dynasties of medical families. And not only in medicine, I guess. A family of scientists, for example. Or athletes there, teachers - in my opinion, this happens and is not uncommon. People are looking for a person by themselves. Just with close views or meet where they are most often. We met at the faculty, then got married. Or they were colleagues. Or at the conference, fate brought together. She also brought me together, although not with a colleague, but at work the relationship was very close, laughter with laughter.

I then only after the medical school was, I got a job as a nurse in the hospital. Once, during my day off, colleagues call me and say: “Go to work, come on, there are such guys lying around!”

Oh, that didn't make me happy. The shifts are already difficult, long, exhausting, and then there is still fun with the daring youth, a whole company, as I understand it. They won't let you work in peace. Sailors often get inflammation of the tonsils, this is professional. And now we had to bring a new batch. And this one didn’t even want to go to bed, he said: “A friend persuades me, they say, what are you, there is such a sister, young, beautiful, he himself would hit, but not before.”

He refused, refused, in the end thundered anyway. Of course, I liked him - a young, stately sailor, a good guy. I only gave him one shot! And he courted, waited for my shift, I don’t know why, he helped to fill out the magazines on the shift, although this is impossible, he will take a pen and write, write. During the shift, after all, you get tired and stand, and sit, and hold the pen. Here he worked at night instead of me. Invaluable help! He lay down, recovered and went to sea. Before that, I found out my address. In the hospital. He didn't tell me anything.

And here I am sitting at home, suddenly the doorbell rang: it appeared. The bouquet is huge, larger than himself, and where he only got it. I cut off all the flower beds in the district, probably. We walked for two weeks, cinema, parks, said: “I’ll return from the flight - we’ll get married!” He sent me jeans from Italy, handbags. I sat and waited. I think that she is naive, she will go far and forget, in every city there are a million like me. Yes, I spent time. An no. I returned with my suitcases. He left his homeland, he left everything. Right to me. Married, 35 years together. That's such a strong love."

Maria Sidorova

Probably, there were not as many secrets as the USSR kept in any country in the world. The Iron Curtain hid everything that did not fit with the "beautiful Soviet life."

About the terrible nuclear accident that occurred in the Soviet Union in 1957, the whole world learned only thirty years later. The tragedy happened in the south of Russia near the city of Kyshtym. The accident was caused by an explosion in a container in which radioactive waste was stored, this container was shaped like a stainless steel cylinder and was covered with concrete. Moreover, it was designed in such a way that in the event of a repair it was impossible to get close to it, probably because the developers had no doubts about the strength of the structure.

At the end of September, the cooling systems failed, no one began to repair, and it was simply turned off, a few days later there was an explosion in the storage with 80 m3 of nuclear waste. The force of the explosion lifted some of the radioactive debris up to one and a half kilometers, resulting in a cloud. Already twelve hours later, radioactive fallout fell within a radius of three hundred and fifty kilometers, they covered the territories of the Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen regions, in total more than twenty thousand square kilometers were affected. As a result of the disaster, the houses of more than ten thousand people were destroyed, about three hundred thousand people suffered from radiation. For the first time, US intelligence agencies became aware of the tragedy in the 60s, but fearing a negative attitude towards nuclear tests, the world kept silent about it, and in 1976 a Soviet emigrant announced it in the press. The USSR confirmed the information about the disaster only a few years after the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

The Cold War between the USSR and the West dictated the condition of primacy in all spheres of life. The same position was in the field of astronautics, where the USSR and the USA competed in who would be the first to launch a man into space. The Soviet Union strictly classified all data on ongoing research, and many of the names of pilots - cosmonauts who had been preparing for flights for thirty long years were classified. So it happened with Valentinov Bondarenko - a fighter pilot, who was a member of the first space detachment of the USSR.

In 1960, he was selected to participate in training for space flights, and he became the fourth in a list of 29 pilots preparing for the first space flight. Unfortunately, he did not manage to fly.

The pilot underwent the training necessary for space flight, one of the trainings was a ten-day stay in the depressurization chamber at NII-7. The test involved being alone and in silence. However, fate played a cruel joke with him. During one of his medical studies, he made a mistake. After removing the sensors from the body, he wiped those places on the body on which they were fixed with alcohol, and threw away the cotton swab. The tampon fell on the hot spiral of the electric stove and flared up. Since almost all the air inside the pressure chamber consisted of pure oxygen, the fire instantly spread to the entire chamber and the pilot's woolen suit instantly caught fire ...

Unfortunately, the rescuers could not open the pressure chamber quickly, since there was a large pressure difference between it and the surrounding space. When Bondarenko was taken out of the depressurization chamber, he was still alive, although he received burns over 98% of his body, his eyes, hair and skin were completely burned, blood vessels could only be found on the soles of his feet. Being in pain shock, the pilot whispered that he was in great pain. He was urgently transported to the Botkin hospital, where, despite the efforts of doctors, he died sixteen hours later from burn shock. Nineteen days later, Yuri Gagarin flew into space ...

A year later, in 1961, Valentin Bondarenko was posthumously awarded the Order of the Red Star (posthumously), he left behind a wife and a young son. The state did not help the family, they only received a pension until the child came of age, they tried to forget about the family. Valentin was buried in Kharkov, the inscription “from friends - pilots” was carved on the obelisk, and only in the 80s was attributed to “cosmonauts of the USSR”.

All data about the incident with Valentin Bondarenko was classified until 1986, when the story of his death was described in the Izvestia newspaper.

For a very long time, all data on the famine of 1932-1933 in some regions of the USSR were hushed up, they tried to forget about it and delete it from history, as something that actually did not exist.

The policy of collectivization, food requisition and grain procurement carried out by the Soviet regime led to the fact that a terrible famine broke out in a number of territories of the Soviet Union, especially Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Recently, theories have arisen that the famine in Ukraine was deliberately caused to eradicate a recalcitrant people, but one cannot say this one hundred percent. On purpose or not, this policy has taken the lives of millions of people.

It is also terrible that the terrible famine was hidden from foreign states, they did not know anything about it, or they knew, but did not want to aggravate relations with Stalin. In order to hide all the horrors taking place in the USSR, the top leadership played real “performances” in front of foreign tourists and correspondents: the store shelves were full of all kinds of products, but it was impossible for ordinary citizens to go there - any attempts ended in arrest. Sometimes such ideas reached the point of absurdity - the streets were washed out, and responsible party workers dressed up as peasants. It was not in vain that such performances were arranged, the French Prime Minister who visited Ukraine said that he was in a real “flowering garden”.

There is still no exact number of deaths from starvation, however, some researchers give a figure of up to seven million people, it is not for nothing that the census that the USSR conducted in 1937 was classified. Unfortunately, only in recent years has a true assessment of the events of the nightmares of 1932-33 in the Soviet Union been given.

For a long time, the tragedy that occurred in the Katyn Forest was classified, and the world community pretended that they knew nothing about these events. The horrors of the mass execution of the USSR were hidden not without the help of Great Britain and the USA.

Relations between Poland and the USSR have always been very complicated. In 1939, the fourth partition of Poland took place, more than half a million Poles ended up in Soviet captivity, the majority of the Soviet authorities handed over to German troops, and about forty thousand ended up in Soviet camps.

In 1940, Beria told Stalin that there were a lot of former Polish officers, reconnaissance workers and nationalists in the camps on the territory of Poland and the Union. Thus, more than 25,000 Polish citizens were branded, whose past did not please the USSR authorities. It was customary to consider their personal affairs with special care and apply execution to them. In April, those sentenced in groups of 350-400 people were taken to the Katyn Forest for execution, they threw an overcoat over their heads especially dangerous and shot in the back of the head near the moat, while German-made pistols were used, later the USSR used this fact at the Nuremberg Tribunal, trying to prove that the murders were committed Germans during the occupation of the USSR. The USSR adhered to this opinion until 1990, categorically denying its guilt.

However, Great Britain and the United States knew about the fault of the Soviet Union. So Churchill, in informal conversations, confirmed that this was the work of the Bolsheviks, but at the same time he imposed censorship on the English press in this matter. Roosevelt also did not want to openly blame Stalin, the evidence that the government knew about the guilt of the Union, surfaced in the United States only in 1952.

The arms race, which began immediately after the end of the war, gave a sharp impetus to the engineering development of the Soviet Union. One of these innovations was the Ekranoplan.

In the mid-60s, an American spy satellite managed to take pictures of an unfinished Soviet seaplane. The Americans were struck by the enormous size of the flying vessel - there was nothing like it in the USA. Moreover, American experts said that such a huge wingspan would not even allow the plane to take off. Size was not the aircraft's only oddity. Its engines were too close to the craft's nose than to its wings. However, the Americans failed to unravel the secrets of the flying object, until the collapse of the USSR.

The classified object turned out to be the Caspian Sea Monster - an ekranoplan, a kind of apparatus that combined an airplane and a ship that could fly just a few meters from the surface of the water.

The developments were top-secret, it was impossible to even mention the name of the device. Huge funds were allocated for the project, as the developers hoped that in the future such e-planes would be very useful. It was assumed that such "Monsters" would be able to transport hundreds of soldiers, tanks at a speed of about five hundred kilometers per hour, while they would be completely invisible to radar. The total mass of the ekranoplan with cargo could reach five hundred tons. It was supposed to install economical engines on the device, which would absorb less fuel than many cargo aircraft. In the course of development, the designers managed to build only one such ekronoplan, the length of which exceeded the Boeing by two and a half times, it was equipped with eight jet engines and six nuclear warheads.

During the first flight of the ekranoplan, which was built at the Nizhny Novgorod plant and the S. Ordzhonikidze Aircraft Building Plant, the designer of the giant Rostislav Alekseev himself was at the helm. The tests lasted fifteen years, and in 1980 the ekranoplan was destroyed during an accident.

Unfortunately, the Soviet people were very often characterized by negligence and disregard for their work, which very often led to accidents and disasters. One of such large-scale catastrophes was the Nedelin catastrophe. It happened during preparations for the first launch of the R-16 intercontinental missile.

Half an hour before the expected launch of the rocket, one of the engines started, as a result, the fuel tanks were destroyed, and the rocket fuel started to ignite. During the investigation, it was revealed that the day before there was a breakthrough in the membrane of one of the tanks, and the fuel was not drained in violation of the instructions. To speed up the preparation for the launch, an external ampoule battery was installed on board the rocket, an hour before the launch, which led to the appearance of voltage in the electrical circuits of the rocket, which led to a short circuit of contacts and an explosion.

According to all the rules, the rocket should have been sent for rechecking, and this would have dragged on for several months. Commander-in-Chief of the Missile Troops Mitrofan Nedelin commanded the launch of the rocket, and he reacted rather superficially to the breakdown in the rocket that had occurred the day before, especially since he had an order to launch the rocket by the Day of the Great October Revolution. The explosion that took place was of terrifying proportions - all the people on the launch pad died, the temperature was so huge that the coating of the pad was melted, because of which no one could escape - everyone was burned alive. More than eighty people died in the crash, about fifty were injured.

All information about the disaster was carefully classified, no official statements followed. It was announced that the commander of the missile forces, M. Nedelin, died in a plane crash. All relatives of the victims were told that their relatives died as a result of an accident. However, information and tragedies still got into the foreign media, and already at the end of 1960, the Italians reported a disaster where a hundred people died, and five years later in England, one of the exposed Soviet intelligence officers confirmed the data about the disaster. The USSR first announced the catastrophe only in 1989 in the Ogonyok magazine, where an essay was published.

In the late forties, the Soviet Union created a top-secret laboratory on one of the islands of the Aral Sea, which was engaged in the development of the latest biological weapons. The main developments were carried out with viruses of bubonic plague and anthrax. Later, smallpox joined these strains.

So it is believed that in 1971 they managed to develop a vaccine-resistant smallpox virus, which in 1990 may have been sold to Iraq as a bacteriological weapon. It was in 1971 that the developed virus was tested outdoors, leading to a severe outbreak of smallpox. Infection was detected in ten people. Quarantine was urgently introduced for several hundred people, and more than fifty thousand local residents of the Aral Sea region were vaccinated. All data on the outbreak of smallpox were classified, they learned about it only at the beginning of the 21st century, since the Russian authorities also did not recognize what had happened.

In Soviet times, there were cities that were not marked on more than one map, only those who lived there knew about their existence. Such cities received their status due to the placement of secret objects of national importance in them. It was impossible for an ordinary person to get there because of the strictest access system and the secrecy of the city's location. As a rule, they were given the name of the regional center with the addition of a number, for example, Penza - 19. Such secrecy often helped to hide the disasters that happened here, as in the case of the radioactive disaster in Chelyabinsk - 65. However, these cities also had pluses - they were well supplied, there was always a scarce commodity, and the crime rate was almost zero. It was very difficult to get a job in such a city - relatives were checked almost up to the 5th generation.

Each of these cities had its own secret specifics. So, in Zagorsk - 6 there was a Virological Institute, Arzamas - 16 was engaged in nuclear weapons, in Sverdlovsk-45 they were engaged in uranium enrichment. Later, relatives of residents were allowed to visit some cities, but for this they underwent strict checks in special bodies. In total, according to available data, there were forty-two closed cities in the Union, but fifteen of them are closed now.

On March 13, 1954, the Chekists were removed from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, a new department was formed: the State Security Committee of the CCCP - the KGB.

The new structure was in charge of intelligence, operational-investigative activities and the protection of the state border. In addition, the task of the KGB was to provide the Central Committee of the CPSU with information affecting state security.

The concept is broad, to be sure: it includes both the personal life of dissidents and the study of unidentified flying objects.

Separating truth from fiction, recognizing misinformation intended for "controlled leakage" is now almost unrealistic. So, to believe or not to believe in the truth of the declassified secrets and mysteries of the KGB archives is everyone's personal right.

The current Chekists, who worked in the structure during its heyday, some with a smile, some with irritation dismiss: no secret developments were carried out, nothing paranormal was studied. But, like any other closed organization that has an influence on the fate of people, the KGB could not avoid mystification.

The activities of the committee are overgrown with rumors and legends, and even partial declassification of the archives cannot dispel them. Moreover, the archives of the former KGB underwent a serious purge in the mid-1950s. In addition, the wave of declassification that began in 1991-1992 quickly subsided, and now the release of data is going on at an almost imperceptible pace.

Hitler: died or escaped?

Disputes about the circumstances of Hitler's death have not subsided since May 1945. Did he commit suicide or was the body of a doppelgänger found in the bunker? What happened to the Fuhrer's remains?

In February 1962, captured documents of the Second World War were transferred to the TsGAOR of the USSR (the modern State Archive of the Russian Federation) for storage. And along with them - fragments of the skull and the armrest of the sofa with traces of blood.

Vasily Khristoforov, head of the FSB registration and archival funds department, told Interfax that the remains were found during an investigation into the circumstances of the disappearance of the former Reich President of Germany in 1946. The forensic examination identified the partially charred remains found as fragments of the parietal bones and the occipital bone of an adult. The act dated May 8, 1945 states: the discovered pieces of the skull, "probably fell off the corpse, seized from the pit on May 5, 1945."

"Documentary materials with the results of the re-investigation were combined into a case with the symbolic name "Mif". The materials of the named case, as well as the materials of the investigation into the circumstances of the Fuhrer's death in 1945, stored in the Central Archive of the FSB of Russia, were declassified in the 90s of the last century and became available to the general public," the source said.

What was left of the top of the Nazi elite and did not end up in the KGB archives did not immediately find rest: the bones were repeatedly reburied, and on March 13, 1970, Andropov ordered the remains of Hitler, Brown and the Goebbels to be removed and destroyed. This is how the plan for the secret event "Archive" was born, carried out by the operational group of the Special Department of the KGB of the 3rd Army of the GSVG. Two acts were drawn up. The latter reads: "The destruction of the remains was carried out by burning them on a fire in a wasteland near the city of Schönebeck, 11 kilometers from Magdeburg. The remains burned out, crushed into ashes together with coal, collected and thrown into the Biederitz River."

It is difficult to say what Andropov was guided by when giving such an order. Most likely, he feared - and not without reason - that even after a while the fascist regime would find followers, and the burial place of the ideologist of the dictatorship would become a place of pilgrimage.

By the way, in 2002, the Americans announced that they had X-rays that were kept by a dentist, SS Oberführer Hugo Blaschke. A reconciliation with the fragments available in the archives of the Russian Federation once again confirmed the authenticity of parts of Hitler's jaw.

But despite the seemingly indisputable evidence, the version that the Fuhrer managed to leave Germany, occupied by Soviet troops, does not leave modern researchers alone. Looking for it, as a rule, in Patagonia. Indeed, post-World War II Argentina harbored many Nazis who tried to elude justice. There were even witnesses that Hitler, along with other fugitives, appeared here in 1947. It is hard to believe: even the official radio of Nazi Germany on that memorable day announced the death of the Fuhrer in an unequal struggle against Bolshevism.

Marshal Georgy Zhukov was the first to question Hitler's suicide. A month after the victory, he said: "The situation is very mysterious. We did not find the identified corpse of Hitler. I cannot say anything affirmatively about the fate of Hitler. At the very last minute, he could fly away from Berlin, since the runways made it possible." It was June 10th. And the body was found on May 5, the autopsy report is dated May 8. ... Why did the question of the authenticity of the Fuhrer's body arise only a month later?

The official version of Soviet historians is as follows: on April 30, 1945, Hitler and his wife Eva Braun committed suicide by taking potassium cyanide. At the same time, according to eyewitnesses, the Fuhrer shot himself. By the way, during the autopsy, glass was found in the oral cavity, which speaks in favor of the version with poison.

Unidentified flying objects

Anton Pervushin, in his author's investigation, cites one demonstrative story that characterizes the attitude of the KGB to the phenomenon. Igor Sinitsyn, a writer and assistant to the chairman of the committee, who worked for Yuri Andropov from 1973 to 1979, once loved to tell this story.

“Somehow, while looking through the foreign press, I came across a series of articles about unidentified flying objects - UFOs ... I dictated a summary of them to the stenographer in Russian and carried them to the chairman along with the magazines .... He quickly flipped through the materials. After thinking a little, he suddenly took out some thin folder from the desk drawer. The folder contained a report from one of the officers of the 3rd directorate, that is, military counterintelligence," Sinitsyn recalled.

The information given to Andropov could very well become the plot of a science fiction film: an officer, while on a night fishing trip with his friends, watched one of the stars approach the Earth and take the form of an aircraft. The navigator estimated the size and location of the object by eye: diameter - about 50 meters, height - about five hundred meters above sea level.

“He saw two bright beams come out of the center of the UFO. One of the beams stood vertically to the surface of the water and rested on it. The other beam, like a searchlight, searched the space of waters around the boat. Suddenly it stopped, illuminating the boat. seconds, the beam went out. Together with it, the second, vertical beam went out," Sinitsyn quoted the report of counterintelligence officer.

According to his own testimony, these materials later came to Kirilenko and, over time, seemed to be lost in the archives. This is roughly what skeptics reduce the probable interest of the KGB to the UFO problem to: pretend that it is interesting, but in fact bury the materials in the archives as potentially insignificant.

In November 1969, almost 60 years after the fall of the Tunguska meteorite (which, according to some researchers, was not a fragment of a celestial body, but a crashed spaceship), there was a message about another fall of an unidentified object on the territory of the Soviet Union. Not far from the village of Berezovsky in the Sverdlovsk region, several luminous balls were seen in the sky, one of which began to lose altitude, fell, then a strong explosion followed. In the late 1990s, a number of media outlets came across a film that allegedly depicted the work of investigators and scientists at the site of the alleged UFO crash in the Urals. The work was supervised by "a man who looked like a KGB officer."

“Our family lived in Sverdlovsk at that time, and my relatives even worked in the regional party committee. However, even there almost no one knew the whole truth about the incident. In Berezovsky, where our friends lived, everyone accepted the legend of the exploded granary ; those who saw the UFO preferred not to spread. The disk was taken out, presumably, in the dark, in order to avoid unnecessary witnesses, "contemporaries of the events recalled.

It is noteworthy that even the ufologists themselves, people who were initially inclined to believe in stories about UFOs, criticized these videos: the uniform of Russian soldiers, their manner of holding weapons, cars flashing in the frame - all this did not inspire confidence even among susceptible people. True, the denial of one particular video does not mean that adherents of the belief in UFOs give up their beliefs.

Vladimir Azhazha, an ufologist and an acoustic engineer by education, said this: “Does the state hide any information about UFOs from the public, it must be assumed that yes. On what basis? On the basis of a list of information constituting state and military secrets. Indeed, in In 1993, the State Security Committee of the Russian Federation, at the written request of the then president of the UFO Association, pilot-cosmonaut Pavel Popovich, handed over to the UFO center headed by me about 1,300 documents related to UFOs. These were reports from official bodies, commanders of military units, and messages from private individuals."

Occult interests

In the 1920s and 30s, a prominent figure in the Cheka/OGPU/NKVD (the forerunner of the KGB) Gleb Bokiy, the one who created laboratories for the development of drugs to influence the minds of those arrested, became interested in studying extrasensory perception and even searched for the legendary Shambhala.

After his execution in 1937, the folders with the results of the experiments supposedly ended up in the secret archives of the KGB. After Stalin's death, part of the documents was irretrievably lost, the rest settled in the cellars of the committee. Under Khrushchev, the work continued: America was worried about rumors periodically reaching from across the ocean about the invention of biogenerators, mechanisms that control thinking.

Separately, it is worth mentioning another object of close attention of the Soviet security forces - the famous mentalist Wolf Messing. Despite the fact that he himself, and later his biographers, willingly shared intriguing stories about the outstanding abilities of the hypnotist, the KGB archives did not retain any documentary evidence of the "miracles" performed by Messing. In particular, neither Soviet nor German documents contain information that Messing fled Germany after he predicted the fall of fascism, and Hitler put a reward on his head. It is also impossible to either confirm or deny the data that Messing personally met with Stalin and he tested his outstanding abilities, forcing him to perform certain tasks.

On the other hand, about Ninel Kulagina, who in 1968 attracted the attention of law enforcement agencies with her extraordinary abilities, the data has been preserved. The abilities of this woman (or their lack?) are still controversial: among fans of the supernatural, she is revered as a pioneer, and among the learned fraternity, her achievements cause at least an ironic smile.

Meanwhile, the video chronicle of those years recorded how Kulagina, without the help of her hand or any devices, rotates the compass needle, moves small objects, such as a matchbox. The woman complained during the experiments of back pain, and her pulse was 180 beats per minute. Its secret was, allegedly, that the energy field of the hands, due to the super-concentration of the test subject, could move objects that fell into the zone of its influence.

It is also known that after the end of World War II, a unique device made by Hitler’s personal order came to the Soviet Union as a trophy: it served for astrological predictions of a military-political nature. The device was out of order, but Soviet engineers restored it, and it was transferred to the astronomical station near Kislovodsk.

Knowledgeable people said that Major General of the FSB Georgy Rogozin (in 1992-1996, the former first deputy head of the presidential security service and who received the nickname "Nostradamus in uniform" for his studies in astrology and telekinesis) used SS trophy archives related to the occult sciences in his research.

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