What determines the color of autumn leaves? What substance colors foliage green, yellow, orange, red: plant pigments. Why do leaves change color in autumn? Which tree group leaves turn red in autumn? leaf color

When autumn enters into its legal rights, the hand reaches for a warm blanket and a collection of poems. I want to curl up in a ball and cozy up by the fireplace on a soft sofa. Flipping through the crisp pages of a volume of great Russian poets, it is difficult to linger on one work for a long time. What is your favorite poem about autumn? Write in the comments, let's discuss.

Today, the lines of the great Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are closer to me in terms of mood. And I decided to give the beauty of this poem to my child. I read the lines aloud, with warmth, expression and soul. Well, do you remember them?

Sad time! Oh charm!

Your farewell beauty is pleasant to me -

I love the magnificent nature of wilting,

Forests clad in crimson and gold,

In their canopy of the wind noise and fresh breath,

And the heavens are covered with mist,

And a rare ray of sun, and the first frosts,

And distant gray winter threats.

And these lines interested my child. And then ... Thousands of questions rained down. What is a crimson, who is this haze? Where are they, the canopy of the wind and why the forests are dressed in gold. Well, let's, with a light suggestion of the great poet, answer one of the brightest children's questions “Why are some leaves colorful in autumn, and some green?”

Love the bright colors of autumn? Then read on. Cheerful science provides a simple and accurate answer to thousands of children's "WhyMuk"

The leaves are different: purple, yellow, green and red.

Did everyone fasten their seat belts? We begin our journey into the depths of the leaves. It is in them that both summer and autumn there are special cells. We can only see them under a microscope. So, it is these cells that are painted in different colors: green, red, and yellow. The most important color in this parade of colors is green, it is the strongest, dominant. And in the leaves it appears due to a special substance - chlorophyll.

Green factory: how does it work?

Chlorophyll is very important for trees - it is a kind of factory that converts water, carbon dioxide and sunlight into nutrients that all trees need. I give you a clue! Chlorophyll is also important for humans and animals.

Well, the green factory is working, and in the leaves, carbon dioxide is processed into nutrients for the tree. A tree produces oxygen into the air and we, all living on this Earth, breathe it.

Modern scientific humor on the topic of the day: If trees provided the Internet, they would be everywhere.

Dealt with green. Let's move on and get closer to the answer to the main question. In addition to chlorophyll, there are also other cells in the leaves - dyes - which are responsible for other colors (red, orange, yellow). And each leaf has its own coloring matter. After the leaves open, sunlight retains chlorophyll in them. And as soon as autumn comes, there is less sunlight and the duration of daylight hours decreases. Autumn is a time of magical transformations. From a lack of sun, chlorophyll begins to break down in the leaves and other coloring substances come into play. Now you know the global, top-secret goal of green leaves: they remove excess carbon dioxide from the air and fill the air with oxygen.

What is autumn in bright colors?

Evergreens, who are they?

Reviewing the photo album with last year's pictures, the child noticed that not all trees change their color in autumn. These are the wonderful kids these days. But it's true. Not all trees have other colorants in their leaves besides chlorophyll. So, all autumn, until the leaves are completely shed, they remain green: for example, oak, lilac and alder.

Autumn, it is different and the leaves can enjoy the sun.

And one more autumn note: sometimes the leaves are dull and this happens when the weather is cold, dry for a long time. And if it gives us a lot of sunny days, then the trees will delight us with rich and bright colors. Trees are sad and sad in rainy, cloudy weather, and then we see pale yellow or brown leaves on the trees.

Alas, it is impossible to tell briefly about the beauty of autumn landscapes. But the colors of autumn delight us and give us many warm and pleasant days, preparing us for a snow-white winter. It's still too early for us to start a conversation with snow, so see you in a couple of months on the pages of Fun Science.

Send your questions to the “Why Muk” section and we will definitely answer you in the next issue.

When the days become shorter, and the sun no longer generously shares its warmth with the earth, one of the most beautiful seasons of the year comes - autumn. She, like a mysterious sorceress, changes the world around and fills it with rich and unusual colors. Most notably, these miracles occur with plants and shrubs. They are among the first to respond to weather changes and the onset of autumn. They have three whole months ahead of them to prepare for winter and part with their main decorations - leaves. However, at first, the trees will certainly please everyone around with their play of colors and the frenzy of colors, and the fallen leaves will carefully cover the earth with their veil and protect its smallest inhabitants from severe frosts.

Autumn changes with trees and shrubs, the causes of these phenomena

In autumn, one of the most important changes in the life of trees and shrubs occurs: a change in the color of the foliage and leaf fall. Each of these phenomena helps them prepare for winter and survive such a harsh season.

For deciduous trees and shrubs, one of the main problems in the winter season is the lack of moisture, so in the fall all useful substances begin to accumulate in the roots and core, and the leaves fall off. Leaf fall helps not only to increase moisture reserves, but also to save them. The fact is that the leaves evaporate the liquid very strongly, which is very wasteful in winter. Coniferous trees, in turn, can afford to show off with needles in the cold season, since the evaporation of liquid from them is very slow.

Another reason for leaf fall is the high risk for branches to be broken under the pressure of a snow cap. If fluffy snow fell not only on the branches themselves, but also on their leaves, they would not withstand such a heavy burden.

In addition, many harmful substances accumulate in the leaves over time, which can only be eliminated during leaf fall.

One of the recently uncovered mysteries is the fact that deciduous trees placed in a warm environment, and therefore not in need of preparation for cold weather, also shed their leaves. This suggests that leaf fall is not so much associated with the change of seasons and preparation for winter, but is an important part of the life cycle of trees and shrubs.

Why do leaves change color in autumn?

With the onset of autumn, trees and shrubs decide to change the emerald color of their leaves to brighter and more unusual colors. At the same time, each tree has its own set of pigments - "paints". These changes are due to the fact that the leaves contain a special substance, chlorophyll, which converts light into nutrients and gives the foliage a green color. When a tree or shrub begins to store moisture, and it no longer reaches the emerald leaves, and the sunny day becomes much shorter, chlorophyll begins to break down into other pigments, which give the autumn world crimson and golden tones.

The brightness of autumn colors depends on the weather conditions. If the weather is sunny and relatively warm, then the autumn leaves will be bright and variegated, and if it rains often, then brown or dull yellow.

How the leaves of different trees and shrubs change color in autumn

Autumn owes its riot of colors and their unearthly beauty to the fact that the foliage of all trees has different combinations of colors and shades. The most common purple color of the leaves. Maple and aspen can boast of crimson color. These trees are very beautiful in autumn.

Birch leaves become light yellow, and oak, ash, linden, hornbeam and hazel - brownish yellow.

Hazel (hazel)

Poplar quickly sheds its foliage, it is just beginning to gain yellowness and has already fallen.

Shrubs also delight with the variety and brightness of colors. Their foliage turns yellow, purple or red. Grape leaves (grape - shrub) acquire a unique dark purple color.

The leaves of barberry and cherry stand out against the general background with a crimson-red tint.

Barberry

From yellow to red, rowan leaves can be in autumn.

The leaves of the viburnum turn red along with the berries.

Euonymus dresses in purple clothes.

Red and purple shades of foliage determines the pigment anthocyanin. An interesting fact is that it is completely absent in the composition of the leaves and can only be formed under the influence of cold. This means that the colder the days, the more crimson the surrounding leafy world will be.

However, there are plants that, not only in autumn, but also in winter, retain their foliage and remain green. Thanks to such trees and shrubs, the winter landscape comes to life, and many animals and birds find their home in them. In the northern regions, such trees include trees: pine, spruce and cedar. To the south, the number of such plants is even greater. Among them, trees and shrubs are distinguished: juniper, myrtle, thuja, barberry, cypress, boxwood, mountain laurel, abelia.

Evergreen tree - spruce

Some deciduous shrubs also do not part with their emerald clothes. These include cranberries and cranberries. In the Far East there is an interesting wild rosemary plant, the leaves of which do not change color in autumn, but curl up into a tube in autumn and fall off.

Why do the leaves fall, but there are no needles?

Leaves play an important role in the life of trees and shrubs. They help create and store nutrients, as well as accumulate mineral components. However, in winter, when there is an acute shortage of light, and, therefore, nutrition, the leaves only increase the consumption of useful components and cause excessive evaporation of moisture.

Coniferous plants, which most often grow in areas with a rather harsh climate, are in great need of nutrition, so they do not shed their needles that act as leaves. The needles are perfectly adapted to the cold. The needles contain a lot of chlorophyll pigment, which converts nutrients from light. In addition, they have a small area, which significantly reduces the evaporation from their surface of much-needed moisture in winter. From the cold, the needles are protected by a special wax coating, and thanks to the substance they contain, they do not freeze even in severe frosts. The air that the needles capture creates a kind of insulating layer around the tree.

The only coniferous plant that leaves its needles for the winter is larch. It appeared in ancient times, when summers were very hot and winters were incredibly frosty. This feature of the climate led to the fact that the larch began to shed its needles and it was not necessary to protect them from the cold.

Leaf fall, as a seasonal phenomenon, occurs for each plant at its own specific time. It depends on the type of tree, its age and climate.

First of all, poplar and oak part with their leaves, then the time of mountain ash comes. The apple tree is one of the last to shed its leaves, and even in winter, it may still have a few leaves.

Poplar leaf fall begins at the end of September, and by mid-October it completely ends. Young trees retain their foliage longer and turn yellow later.

Oak begins to lose its leaves in early September and completely loses its crown in a month. If frosts begin earlier, then leaf fall occurs much faster. Along with oak leaves, acorns also begin to crumble.

Mountain ash begins its leaf fall in early October and continues to delight with its pink leaves until November 1. It is believed that after the mountain ash parted with the last leaves, dank chilly days begin.

The leaves on the apple tree begin to turn golden by September 20. By the end of this month, leaf fall begins. The last leaves fall from the apple tree in the second half of October.

Evergreens and shrubs do not lose their foliage even with the onset of cold weather, as ordinary hardwoods do. Permanent leaf cover allows them to survive any weather conditions and retain the maximum supply of nutrients. Of course, such trees and shrubs renew their leaves, but this process occurs gradually and almost imperceptibly.

Evergreens do not shed all their leaves at once for several reasons. Firstly, then they do not have to spend large reserves of nutrients and energy to grow young leaves in the spring, and secondly, their constant presence ensures uninterrupted nutrition of the trunk and roots. Most often, evergreen trees and shrubs grow in areas with a mild and warm climate, where the weather is warm even in winter, however, they are also found in harsh climatic conditions. These plants are most common in tropical rainforests.

Evergreens such as cypresses, spruces, eucalyptus, some types of evergreen oaks, rhodendron can be found in a wide area from harsh Siberia to the forests of South America.

One of the most beautiful evergreens is the blue fan palm, which is native to California.

The Mediterranean oleander shrub is distinguished by an unusual appearance and a height of more than 3 meters.

Another evergreen shrub is the jasmine gardenia. Her homeland is China.

Autumn is one of the most beautiful and colorful seasons. Flashes of purple and golden leaves, preparing to cover the ground with a multi-colored carpet, coniferous trees piercing the first snow with their thin needles and evergreens, always pleasing to the eye, make the autumn world even more delightful and unforgettable. Nature is gradually preparing for winter and does not even suspect how fascinating these preparations are to the eye.

The world is beautiful in its diversity. There are a lot of plants and trees on the planet. When we think about nature, we imagine a walk through a deciduous forest or clearing. In summer, natural expanses are buried in greenery. And in autumn, the trees take on a solemn look, dressed in colorful outfits. Let's try to figure out why the leaves turn yellow?

In every green leaf, even the smallest, there is a pigment - a substance that absorbs light and forms the color of a plant, is responsible for its color. This substance is called chlorophyll. Thanks to him, a blade of grass or a leaf breathes, develops, grows.

When trees and shrubs begin to prepare for winter, the necessary substances move to the roots and core of the trunk. They will nourish the living organism until spring. After all, food supplies for the cold period are needed not only for animals, but also for plants. The remaining energy will be used to create new shoots.

When beneficial elements leave the leaves, the production of chlorophyll stops. Its residues break down, forming pigments of other colors. One of them is carotene - carrots are rich in them, so they are orange in color. And for the purple, red color is responsible for another pigment - anthocyanin. Like a radish or a scarlet rose. So the leaves take on various shades of yellow, orange and red. It all depends on which substance will be more.

Why do trees shed their leaves?

The leaf is connected to the tree by a cutting, in which there is a cluster of small vessels. They carry water and nutrients. But by winter, trees need to conserve water. And the leaves no longer carry a practical function. Therefore, in order to save water, shrubs and trees get rid of leaves and they fall off. And we enjoy the beauty of the golden autumn, so that in the spring we can rejoice at the opening buds again.

3rd grade students (Kolnik A. Fursova E)

Autumn roams through the woods.

She's a little sad, sort of.

That will cry in the early morning,

The sky will be covered with clouds

That will sparkle in the sun

More beautiful than the fabulous firebird,

That autumn ball will suit,

Will cover the earth with leaves

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MBOU "Bykovskaya basic comprehensive school of the Yakovlevsky district of the Belgorod region"

Research work on the topic

Why do leaves turn different colors in autumn?

Kolnik Arina,

Peremyslev Mikhail

3rd grade students

Supervisor:

Peremyshleva T.I.

elementary teacher

classes

Bykovka 2012-2013 academic year

Autumn roams through the woods.

She's a little sad, sort of.

That will cry in the early morning,

The sky will be covered with clouds

It will sparkle in the sun

More beautiful than the fabulous firebird,

That autumn ball will suit,

Cover the earth with leaves...

Autumn is a very important time for observations. All living things are preparing for change. Autumn has the following periods: the beginning of autumn, golden autumn, deep or late autumn and pre-winter. Each period has its own main features. But we are more interested in the second period - golden autumn.

The object of our studyis a school park

Subject of study: autumn leaves of different trees.

Purpose of the study: discover, why do leaves change color in autumn

And they fall off?

Research objectives:

• how long does a leaf live;
• why in autumn the leaves are painted in different colors;
• what are the benefits of dropping leaves for the winter to the plant;
• what is contained in the fallen leaves;
• causes of leaf fall;
• features of leaf fall in some trees and shrubs

Research methods:

Research;

Practical;

Collection and analysis of various sources of information;

Questioning classmates and elementary school students;

Studying the literature on the research topic;

Searching for information on the Internet.

Hypothesis:

- perhaps the leaves contain dyes;

Coloration is influenced by weather conditions;

Leaf fall is a biological phenomenon caused by the vital activity of a plant, or caused by other reasons.

Practical significance:

Using the material in the lessons of the world around;

Creating a slide presentation for wide use;

Decoration of creative works from leaves.

Stages of work:

1. Preparation for the study.
2. Conducting research.

one). Questioning classmates and elementary school students

2). Excursion to the school park.

3). Excursion to the children's library.

4). Conducting observations.

3. Registration of research work.

4. Preparation and protection of work.

2. Main part .

2.1 How long do leaves live?

Looking through the literature, children's encyclopedia, Internet materials, we realized that the leaf is an important part of the plant. This is a "multi-story factory". The main purpose of the leaves is to capture and convert the energy of sunlight. Thanks to the incessant work, the leaf is nourished, releases water vapor, and breathes. One square meter of leaf blade releases up to four liters of oxygen every hour and takes the same amount of carbon dioxide from the air.

How long does a leaf live? The leaves of our trees live from spring to autumn. If the leaf is green, then it is alive. As soon as they turned yellow, blushed, it means that they grew old and died.

Conclusion:

Plants are our friends! Millions of years ago, it was the leaves of fossil plants that made the atmosphere of our planet habitable.

2.2 Why do leaves turn different colors and fall off in autumn?

Among primary school students, we conducted a survey to find out if they know why a tree needs leaves, why leaves change color and fall in autumn. After analysis, we concluded:

• Why do trees need leaves?

Correctly answered __10_____students, wrong__4______persons, did not think about it at all ___-______

• Why do leaves change their color?

Correctly answered __10_____students, incorrectly ___3___persons, did not think about it at all ___1______

• Why are the leaves falling?

___7____ students answered correctly, ___7___ people answered incorrectly, did not think about it at all ____-_____.

• Which trees are the first to shed their leaves and why?

Correctly answered __5_____students, wrong__2______persons, did not think about it at all ___7______

• Why is it bad for trees to have leaves in winter?

Correctly answered ___4____students, incorrectly ___7____persons, did not think about it at all ___3______

• Which tree is longsheds her leaves and stands in her autumn attire throughout the winter?

___2____ students answered correctly, 10___ people answered incorrectly, did not think about it at all __2______

Analyzing the results of the survey, we found that most students do not know the reasons for the change in the color of autumn leaves and the reasons for their fall.

2.3 Who painted the trees? What is in fallen leaves?

Emerald greens are replaced by golden orange, orange, fiery red tones. Why is there a change in the color palette of trees? Who is guilty?

Studying this problem in the encyclopedic and reference literature, as well as we turned to the materials of the Internet and realized thatplants seem green to us from a large number of tiny chlorophyll grains located in the cells of leaves and stems. Chlorophyll grains are not eternal, they are destroyed under the influence of light and are reborn only in the light. However, chlorophyll is not the only coloring principle in plant tissues. Leaves have yellow pigments carotenoids, and red-violet anthocyanins.

These pigments begin to quickly appear on the outer part of the leaf and stem only when the air temperature drops, and chlorophyll grains, on the contrary, are destroyed and disappear. And the forests are dressed, as Pushkin said, in "crimson and gold"

Conclusion:

With a decrease in air temperature on clear sunny days, the destruction of chlorophyll grains occurs.As a result, the leaf loses its green color, and yellow pigments, imperceptible until that time, suddenly appear and color the leaf.

2.4 . Causes of leaf fall.What are the benefits of shedding leaves for the winter?

A leaf is not only an organ in which nutrients and mineral salts are created, but water also evaporates through the leaves. Throwing off a multi-colored outfit, deciduous trees that need a lot of moisture are saved from the winter drought. A large birch, for example, evaporates 7 tons of water during the warm months, and in winter you cannot draw so much from the soil. The second reason. In the pulp of the leaf under a microscope, you can find dead cells clogged with salt crystals. And if in May beech leaves contain 5% of mineral salts, then by October they become 11%. The leaves are overloaded with unnecessary substances and the tree sheds its leaves, thereby freeing itself from excess minerals. The leaves are prepared for falling off in advance: a layer of special cells with thick walls is formed between their petiole and twig - the so-called cork. Cork does not let water and juices through. Leaves cannot eat, weaken. Now a light breeze, a few drops of dew, andeven of its own weight, so that the leaf separates from the native branch on which it held so tightly. We are seeing leaf fall.

Conclusion:

Leaf fall is a preparation for winter, not only cold, but most importantly, dry season.If our deciduous trees remained for the winter in their green dress, they would inevitably die as a result of a lack of moisture, since the evaporation of water by their leaves would not stop, and the flow of water into the plant could almost completely stop.

2.5 Features of leaf fall in some trees and shrubs. Why are coniferous plants able to overwinter in a green dress?

The significance of leaf fall in the life of our deciduous trees is especially noticeable when compared with conifers. Conifers - spruce and especially pine - are drought-resistant plants. Their needles evaporate many times less water than the foliage of our hardwoods. Because of this, they are able to overwinter in a green form. This ability to save moisture is achieved by our conifers by the special structure of their needles. The needles have a number of drought-resistant adaptations: a thick skin surrounding the needles on all sides, and a bluish wax coating, which also reduces evaporation; the location of the stomata in special recesses is also of great importance. On the contrary, the leaves of our deciduous trees lack any special drought-resistant adaptations. They have a wide surface and thin skin. Speaking here about the importance of leaf fall in the life of our trees, one cannot help but pay attention to the fact that by shedding foliage, they thereby protect themselves from mechanical damage under the weight of snow. Often in winter one can observe how, even in a leafless state, large branches of trees break under the pressure of snow; wide leaf areawhich would have settled a lot of snow, would have made this phenomenon catastrophic.

Observing the deciduous trees and shrubs of our school park, we made a table. What trees, And in what order do they take off their clothes? How long does leaf fall last?

What dyes make leaves different colors.

Throughout the year, our planet plays with different colors. And all thanks to the plants for which it is rich. And, probably, many people had such a question: why are the leaves of one color or another? Especially, it interests our children, who are so fond of asking questions. And in order to answer them correctly, you need to properly understand yourself.

What pigment colors leaves green or red?

In the school curriculum at the lesson of biology, a similar topic is required. Some may have already forgotten, and some just do not know yet. But the pigment that is responsible for the green color of the leaves is chlorophyll. Let's take a closer look at this aspect.

Leaf color green:

• Chlorophyll is a substance that absorbs sunlight and, with the help of water and carbon dioxide, produces useful organic substances for plants. Or, as they say in scientific language, it turns inorganic substances into organic ones.
• It is this pigment that is fundamental in the process of photosynthesis. Thanks to him, all living organisms receive oxygen. Yes, this information is known to any student. But few have thought about how chlorophyll turns leaves green.

• Yes, the element itself is also green. And since it prevails in plants, the color also depends on it. And you can draw a direct relationship between the color of foliage and the amount of chlorophyll.
• But that is not all. If you delve in more detail into a similar topic, you can find out much more. The fact is that chlorophyll absorbs the spectra of colors such as blue and red. This is the very reason why we see green leaves.

Leaves red:

• Based on the above reasons, you can find the answer to why the leaves are red. Even if you do not take into account the course of biology. From a logical point of view, the red color also, to some extent, depends on chlorophyll. Or rather, from his absence.
• The pigment responsible for the red color in the leaf is anthocyanin. Also, this element is responsible for the blue and purple color of leaves, flowers and fruits.

• Anthocyanin, like chlorophyll, absorbs certain color spectra. In this case, it's green.
• By the way, there are plants that do not have green leaves or flowers. It depends on the fact that they lack chlorophyll. And in its place is anthocyanin.

How do you explain the change in color of tree leaves in autumn?

What a beautiful autumn we have. Despite the rain and cloudy sky, it is beautiful in its own way. It is autumn that the trees are painted in different colors. Of course, it depends on the weather and the nature of the tree. But everyone paid attention that even on one sheet there can be several shades or colors.

• Previously, it was believed that all pigments are constantly present in the foliage. And when the amount of chlorophyll decreases, then other colors become visible. But this option is not entirely true. Specifically refers to anthocyanins.
• This pigment begins to appear in the leaves only after the level of chlorophyll begins to decline.
• Let's look at this process in more detail. In autumn, the sun is already not so warm, which means that there is less chlorophyll. Since it is he who is responsible for the nutrients in plants, their number is also reduced. So the leaves begin to prepare for the cold.
• This process is very subtle and thoughtful. All those useful substances that the plant has accumulated over the summer slowly move into the branches and root. There they will be all the cold time. And in the spring they will use this stock so that new green leaves appear.

• But the coloring of the leaves, in addition to natural processes, is also affected by the weather. Usually in sunny weather, anthocyanins predominate more. If the autumn is overcast and rainy, then there will be more yellow in the trees.
• But that's not all. The color of the leaves also depends on the breed of the plant itself. Everyone noticed that the maple often has reddish leaves, but the linden and birch always dress in a golden color.
• Just before winter, when all the coloring pigments are completely destroyed, the leaves turn brown. They no longer have any nutrients left, the leaves dry up and fall off. At this stage, the cell walls of the leaves become visible.

What substance turns foliage yellow: plant pigments

Yellow color is very beautiful in autumn, especially on a clear and warm day. It is not for nothing that autumn is called golden. Almost any plant changes its color, starting with yellow. Yes, for some it is the only color, and some have it only as an additional one.

• A specific pigment is responsible for each color. Carotene This pigment gives plants their yellow color. The word is familiar and can often be heard in advertising. Perhaps many did not know its meaning. Or they just didn't even know what it was.
• This pigment belongs to the group of carotenoids. Found in all leaves and plants. Stays in them all the time. It's just that chlorophyll prevails over carotene, so the leaves are mostly green. And after its collapse, they begin to be painted in other colors.

• This plant pigment is used as a natural dye. It is mined chemically, but exclusively from natural raw materials. It is widely applied in the food industry and other fields.
• beta-carotene, which just overshadowed the advertising business, also apply to carotenoids. The fact is that there are about 600 subspecies of them. Almost all yellow, red, orange and even green vegetables and fruits have it. For example, green onions, tomatoes, pumpkins, persimmons, blueberries, sorrel, carrots. The list is very long. It is also very important for the human body.

What substance colors foliage orange: plant pigments

Orange, like yellow, is constantly in the leaves, it's just overshadowed by chlorophyll. Thus, making the plants green. And the orange color also begins to appear when that same chlorophyll is destroyed.

• The pigment responsible for the orange color is xanthophyll. It also belongs to the class of carotenoids, like carotene. After all, these colors are on a thin line between each other.
• I would like to note that carrots color this particular pigment. It contains the most of it. Therefore, it is this pigment that is responsible for the orange color of all fruits and the color.
• Xanthophylls, like other carotenoids, are necessary for the human body. Other living beings too. Since they cannot synthesize it on their own, but can only get it with food.

• It's no secret that carrots are rich in vitamin A. Accordingly, all these pigments are the main carriers of this vitamin. More precisely, the predecessors.
• It is also worth noting that they are antioxidants in our body. Every girl knows about this aspect. After all, the appearance of hair, nails and the body as a whole directly depends on this.

The strongest orange natural dyes

Every housewife faced such a problem in the kitchen when, after, for example, beets, her hands turned red. If you rub carrots a lot, then the same story can happen. It's just that the color is not as saturated, so it's not as noticeable. Also, by picking a certain flower, you can paint your hands in the appropriate color.

• Natural dyes are widely used in cooking, for dyeing fabrics, in medicine and cosmetology.
• Coloring pigments are produced by bacteria, corals, fungi, algae and plants. Naturally, the corresponding color. Of course, plants are the most accessible.
• You can get them yourself, the main thing is to follow the technology. And you also need to know which ingredients are suitable for these purposes.

• carrot
• celandine leaves and flowers
• tangerine and orange zest
• paprika
• onion peel
• pumpkin

As you can see, all products are available and almost all are orange in color. You can also get such a dye by mixing yellow and red.

The leaves of which group of trees turn red in autumn?

Probably, many have noticed that not all trees are red in autumn. But what is the beauty of nature. Especially in combination with yellow and orange flowers. One gets the impression that the forest is shrouded in festive attire. But what kind of trees have exactly a red tint? Let's look at this issue in more detail.

• This color is not permanent in the leaves, but begins to be produced only after the breakdown of chlorophyll.
• Usually, those trees that grow on poor, unmineralized soil turn red.
• An interesting fact is that trees use this color to repel insects and pests.
• Anthocyanin, the presence of which stains the foliage red, helps to endure frosts and avoid hypothermia.
• More common in trees such as maple, rowan, bird cherry and aspen

Changing the color of trees is a real miracle of nature, which is so pleasant to watch. Please yourself with pleasant emotions in the fall, because these are unforgettable pleasant sensations.

Video: Why do leaves change color?