The distance between the dry pipes for connecting fire equipment. A set of rules for the design of fire protection systems for tank farms of the State Reserve Committee of Russia. External networks and facilities spt and pt. foam generating equipment
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Dry fire pipes are a fire fighting water supply system installed for large areas where it is appropriate to keep the water supply empty for economy, technical reasons, or if the extinguishing agent may freeze, causing pipes to burst.
What are dry pipes of fire extinguishing systems
Dry pipe riser (ST) - a segment of a system not filled with water with a water intake point with atmospheric pressure inside equal to that of the environment. Dry-pipe water supply must be distinguished from and, which are special shut-off valves designed to contain water under pressure.The riser does not have these purposes, although it can be equipped with a PC and valves, but more often there is a branch pipe for hoses for connecting fire equipment. It is not necessary to keep a hose near him, except when he is with a PC.
Dry (the second name is “air”) fire water supply for external or internal fire extinguishing consists of vertical and horizontal sections of pipes along the perimeter or near the protected area with supply / intake points for irrigating the zones through sleeves, other technical means.
Regulations
Most of the ST issues are not regulated by the NPB. In many respects, the rules apply as for fire-fighting pipelines.Sign (designation) of the dry pipe place
The equipment is designated by, providing in table. K.1 sign F08 for the fire ST riser: a square with a red background, with white outlines depicting a branch pipe and a half-nut (connecting head) with an arrow where the hose is connected. The color of the dry pipe is signal red.
Fire markings near the ST are mandatory, a light indicator is used in case of poor visibility. The box is recommended, but it is always installed if there is a PC. An example of design is a metal box with a lock and the possibility of sealing, on which there is an F08 sign and the word "DRY PIPE".
The device and principle of operation of the dry pipe
Work algorithm:- Firefighters connect the hose to the outlet fire dry pipe valve, selected as the most convenient (close to the source of fire) for extinguishing the object.
- Start (water injection). The valve is moved away from the fire water pipeline connected to the dry pipe or a hose is fixed to its lower connecting head, supplying the fire extinguishing agent from the source:
- Special equipment with water (by means of pumps, a fire engine that supplies water from a tank,).
- Hydrant.
- The valve is opened - OTV enters the hose.
- horizontal and vertical sections of pipes;
- risers;
- at the points of water intake / return along the perimeter of the building - quick-closing fittings (connecting heads, half nuts) less often - shut-off valves, PC.
Purpose and scope of dry pipes
Dry pipes are most in demand in large fire hazardous areas (there are indoor and outdoor versions), as they allow you to quickly (within the delay for filling the pipes) supply water in large quantities to the hoses around the entire perimeter of the protected object.With fire-fighting dry pipes, it is not necessary to create lines of fire hoses vertically or horizontally over large areas - there is already a water supply route, it is enough to supply OTV to it. PTs require minimal maintenance, are less susceptible to corrosion, and are not constantly under pressure, since they are empty in standby mode.
Internal dry-pipe water supply is used, for example, as part of an ERW with manual start-up of shut-off valves, and external air lines. Objects:
- production, industrial;
- reactor, cable, transformer;
- public;
- engineering;
- for construction openings, where it is advisable to implement water curtains specifically ST;
- as a ready-made highway from reservoirs, reservoirs - it is enough to supply water with pumps;
- access to monitor towers;
- metro stations, railway transport facilities;
- as backup water supply;
- instead of ERW from PC.
- in multi-storey residential buildings from 36 to 50 m or up to 75 m with a PC in cabinets on each floor;
- for multifunctional buildings up to 50 m with PC (libraries, administrative buildings, hotels, hospitals);
- with shut-off valves and stair spaces in two-story buildings of the V st. resistance to fire with 4 or more apartments;
- clause 5.2.20 of code 113.13330 - looped equipment with check valves and connecting heads;
- SP 54.13330 (act canceled in part):
- clause 7.4.4, in the MKD up to 50 m with outlet to the outside, with shut-off valves, half nuts, at a height of 0.8 - 1.2 m;
- clause 7.3.13 - for saunas and baths, perforated equipment or with drenchers.
Types of dry pipe systems
Dry pipe means:- unfilled wiring or areas of deluge/sprinkler installations. Strictly speaking, this is simply an AUPT with the possibility of keeping dry. Similarly, CT can be called any empty pipe;
- it is ST with risers as a self-sufficient stationary equipment for supplying water, at one point of which it is pumped (from the ERW, pump, hydrant), and taken from the other, including drenchers, sprinklers. This is the source for AUPT.
sprinkler
has a wiring with sprinklers, autonomously triggered by the destruction of explosive locks-flasks with chemicals that expand at certain temperatures.As a rule, in the sprinkler circuit, the pressurized extinguishing agent always circulates - when the sprinkler is triggered, the water begins to spray. But if it is a dry pipe, then it is filled only for a certain period, for example, during the production process. It is also often called the wiring directly next to the atomizers, if it is empty.
Deluge
initially dry-pipe in nature, since the filling of the water supply occurs at the time of extinguishing the fire. Sprinklers are open, they work all at once, and not only in the fire zone, like sprinklers. The nozzle at the exit point of the fuel outlet is not blocked, so the equipment is in a dry state, otherwise water would flow out constantly.Requirements for dry pipe systems
The requirements for pressure, water flow, number of nozzles, line arrangement (loopback or not) are the same as for water supply and are prescribed in SP 8.13130, 10.13130. For AUPT, the norms of SP 5.13130 are applied.Norms for (SP 54.13330):
- perforated pipes or deluge systems;
- steam rooms brought outside the borders and connected there to the ERW;
- the diameter of the riser is designed for a capacity of 0.006 l/s per 1 m² at a spray angle of 20 - 30 to the surface of the room's partitions. The same standards for perforated ST with a hole diameter of 2 - 3 mm in increments of 15 - 20 cm;
- plumbing is painted red.
Norms of installation of fire-fighting dry pipes
Most of the requirements are unified with the PC:- pipe diameter 50 - 80 mm. For public buildings - from 65 mm, for high-rise buildings and in buildings of class. F5.1 - F5.3 (production) - from 80 mm;
- on the riser DN 80 on each landing of the floor or on the balcony there must be one or two fire dampers;
- dry pipes in non-smokeable stair spaces are permissible only if there is a technical justification and agreement with the State Fire Service;
- the nozzles of each riser are equipped with connecting half-nuts or shut-off valves 40, 50, 65 mm, which are sometimes mandatory (for example, on the infrastructure of railway transport according to);
- mounting height from the floor:
- 1.35 m;
- for paired branch pipes: for the first - 1 m, for the second - 1.50 m (tolerance ± 0.15 m);
- the location of the fire-fighting ST - along the perimeter of the premises, under the ceiling, above the openings; it is allowed to pass through the corridor, staircase spaces, loggias, balconies;
- fastening of the dry pipe is carried out with metal brackets and clamps;
- the number of nozzles and their diameter depends on the flow rate of the fire extinguishing agent (tables N 1 SP 10.13130 and 8.13130);
- allowed;
- material with protection of the inner surface of the pipeline from corrosion: standard steel, sometimes cast iron, if there is a technical justification - fire-resistant plastic;
- piping arrangement:
- ends, facades of buildings (as a rule, the rear);
- roofs;
- convenient places for fire escapes (staircases, interfloor) spaces.
Rules for the use and operation of a dry pipe
The fire-fighting dry pipe is suitable for objects with temperatures below -5°C. Pipes require less maintenance as they are almost always empty.Main application rules:
- monitor the serviceability, tightness of shutoff valves and half nuts, especially when the line is part of a fire-fighting internal or external water supply;
- control the pressure during the extinguishing process;
- connecting heads are closed with plugs.
Checking (testing) dry pipe risers
According to clause 55 of the PPR (Decree N 390), dry pipes are checked at least 2 times a year: in autumn and spring. The procedure includes the creation of hydraulic loads, the results are recorded in the test report.The arrangement of the fire extinguishing system involves the installation of special equipment. Among the actively used systems, dry pipe is considered the most effective. Its key element is a dry pipe - a pipeline located along the perimeter of the room and filled with a fire extinguishing agent. What is a fire dry pipe, what are the features of the system and in what areas it is most widely used, we will consider below.
Dry pipe fire extinguishing system
Scope of application
Installations with dry pipe working systems are indispensable at facilities where the risk of fire is increased.
They are required to be installed:
- in reactor and cable rooms;
- when installing transformers;
- at timber processing and pulp mills;
- at enterprises producing household chemicals;
- when arranging monitor towers;
- in paint and varnish industries;
- in the arrangement of sports complexes and cultural institutions;
- on stairwells of buildings with the V degree of fire resistance.
An integral element is the dry pipe in the arrangement of Finnish baths.
In small rooms, when the temperature rises, combustible gases accumulate. And the ignition process can begin even without oxygen. To prevent a fire and even an explosion that can occur when the door is opened, you must first reduce the temperature and only then proceed to the next steps. This task is performed by a dry pipe for a sauna. The system, which is put into operation, by spraying water on the walls and ceiling, cools the sauna, allowing you to freely enter it and complete the extinguishing.
A properly designed and installed dry pipe is able to effectively cope with a fire of any complexity.
Advantages of dry pipes
Extinguishing fires using a dry pipe system is based on a sharp cooling of the combustion zones. The main advantages of the system are:
- Ease of installation and unpretentiousness in operation. Repair of individual components will not affect the performance of the installation.
- Due to the use of dry pipes, the working part of the system can be installed in unheated rooms and operated at temperatures below 0°C.
- Affordable cost, both executive units and main components.
- High efficiency of fire extinguishing, which is achieved due to prompt response to the source of ignition.
The irrigation zone of the dry pipe system covers the entire area, thereby preventing not only the spread of fire, but combustion products.
Design features
The name of the installation speaks for itself. Its working part is made of pipes not filled with water. According to fire safety requirements, the pipe diameter of the installation for public buildings should be 65 mm, and for high-rise buildings - 80 mm.
The dry pipe is installed along the perimeter of the rooms, placing it above the door and window openings.
The dry-pipe fire riser consists of a vertical pipeline equipped with fire dampers located on all floors of the building.
The number of locking devices is determined by the length of the pipeline and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. The material for the manufacture of pipes of a fire-fighting installation is steel with an internal anti-corrosion coating.
The lower end of the fire dry pipe is connected through an external valve to a water supply system equipped with a pump or a water tank. In case of fire, a fire hose is connected through the connection head at a height of 1.35 m, through which water flows from a hydrant or fire truck.
Deployment using dry pipes makes it possible to carry out extinguishing in two directions: inside the burning room and protecting neighboring rooms from the spread of fire.
Types of dry pipe installations
There are two types of dry pipe fire extinguishing system: deluge and sprinkler.
Deluge systems
The system got its name due to the use of drenchers - special spray nozzles located in the network of irrigation pipelines.
Depending on the shape of the spray nozzle, they can be used for extinguishing with foam or water mist.
Irrigation heads may have a reflective plane, which allows the formation of a jet of finely dispersed water. Such a constructive solution allows reducing water consumption during fire extinguishing and minimizing the destructive effect of moisture on material assets located in the room.
Despite the variety of design options, drenchers are united by the fact that they do not have a thermal lock.
The deluge dry-pipe installation is launched by the fire alarm system built into it, which reacts to temperature rise, smoke and fire detectors. After the alarm is triggered, sprayed water jets, forming water curtains using a fire extinguishing mixture, isolate the burning room, preventing the spread of toxic combustion products.
When arranging a dry pipe, you can change one of three options for the incentive mechanism:
- Electrical - in the event of an abnormality, the fire alarm transmits a primary impulse, activating the water supply.
- Rope - is set in motion due to a cable stretched in the zone of probable fire, equipped with fusible locks. In the event of a line break, the electric drive opens the valve to allow water to enter.
- Hydraulic - thermal lock opens under the influence of high temperatures. The pressure drop in the system is a signal for water supply.
sprinkler devices
The principle of operation of a sprinkler dry pipe system is similar to how deluge installations work.
The only difference between the systems is that in sprinkler installations there is gas in the incentive pipeline.
The main advantage of a sprinkler system is that it only supplies water to the fire area. But in comparison with deluge installations, its response time to fire is a little longer.
Irrigation nozzles used in the arrangement of the sprinkler system are equipped with fuses that prevent the gas in the pipe cavity from bleed.
The role of the actuator of this type of dry pipe system is performed by a water alarm valve. When ignited, the fusible lock is destroyed by the temperature, and sprinklers located in the fire area release the gas. As soon as the pressure in the pipeline reaches a critical value, the valve opens the water supply.
Using a dry pipe, correctly calculating the fire extinguishing system and correctly installing it, it is possible to ensure a high level of reliability of fire protection.
The dry pipe fire extinguishing system is one of the most effective and widespread AFS (automatic fire extinguishing installation). Such structures include drencher installations. Many dry-pipe sprinkler systems have been developed, which indicates a high demand for AFS with such technical and operational characteristics. This is due to a whole list of advantages of dry pipe fire extinguishing systems.
Advantages and disadvantages
- The main advantage of the dry pipe system is the ease of installation, which guarantees reliability and simplicity in operation and maintenance;
- Availability and relatively low cost of the main components and executive units, ease of installation;
- Due to its main feature - dry pipes, the working part of the system can be mounted in unheated rooms and operated at low temperatures;
- , which is expressed not only in prompt response and effective impact directly on the source of fire, but also in the creation of an irrigation zone throughout the controlled area. This prevents the spread of not only fire, but also combustion products - smoke, toxic gases, soot, and a critical increase in temperature.
The main disadvantages of dry pipe AUP include:
- Unreasonably excessive consumption of water or foam;
- High irrigation intensity, which leads to an increase in the cost of restoring water-damaged premises and damaged property.
Varieties and principle of operation
Dry pipe systems can include both deluge and special designs.
Deluge installations
A special feature is the use of special spray nozzles - drenchers in the network of irrigation pipelines.
They can have a different shape and be designed to extinguish with water or foam, but they all have one thing in common - the absence of a thermal lock. Nothing prevents the passage of the water flow from the pipeline into the fire extinguishing zone. The initiation of the process of eliminating the source of fire is undertaken by the built-in fire alarm system, smoke, fire, and temperature detectors. Open sprinkler heads can be mounted vertically or at an angle or have a reflective plane that forms a jet of fine water, turning its shape from a dome to a plane. This effect has found its way into water curtains, which are widely used to prevent the spread of fire.
Elements of fire extinguishing systems are mounted above door, window or open arched openings. After actuation, jets of finely dispersed water of a special shape isolate the burning room, keeping smoke and toxic combustion products in it, at the same time, such curtains do not prevent the evacuation of personnel, like airlocks in gas installations.
The principle of operation of a dry pipe fire extinguishing system depends on the type of motive mechanism of such an installation. There are several most common types:
The dry pipe sprinkler system operates on the same principle. But there is compressed gas in the incentive pipeline. This significantly expands the scope of installations.
sprinkler installations
Irrigation nozzles have fusible fuses that prevent the bleeding of gas that fills the working pipeline of the dry pipe system. The main actuator of a dry-pipe sprinkler fire extinguishing system is a dry-pipe water alarm valve: 
- The valve and its piping are designed in such a way that a small pressure in the working pipeline allows you to contain a higher water pressure in the transport one. After ignition, the temperature fusible lock is destroyed and several sprinklers in the fire zone begin to bleed air or inert gas. When the pressure reaches a critical value, the dry pipe valve releases the water supply.
- Such an installation combines the advantages of sprinkler and deluge systems. Firstly, the supply of water or foam is carried out exclusively in the fire zone. Outside of it, the surviving sprinklers block the flow of OM. Secondly, such an installation can be operated at negative temperatures.
There are some drawbacks - the response time to a fire has increased significantly.
Application area
The most common installations with dry-pipe working systems are at facilities with an increased risk of fires, which have large areas or large rooms of complex configuration. Such installations, after being triggered, begin to irrigate the entire controlled area, preventing the spread of fire. Activation can be automatic on a fire alarm or manually from a remote or central control panel.
Competent design and placement of working pipelines allows you to effectively extinguish a fire of any complexity. Installations do not require complex systematic maintenance. Repair of individual components cannot affect the performance of the installation as a whole.
Modern dry-pipe systems are equipped with open nozzles for finely dispersed water spraying, which not only reduces the consumption of RH for fire extinguishing, but also minimizes the damage from the influence of water on the premises and the material values located there. At the same time, the efficiency of work and the speed of eliminating the source of ignition does not decrease.
The main executive elements of the system 
- deluge valve
- Central shut-off valve;
- Bypass valve for filling the membrane chamber;
- Control panel for manual start of the system;
- Shut-off valve (automatically triggered by pressure changes in the membrane chamber);
- Drain valve;
- Pressure detector with signaling device;
- Siren with hydraulic drive;
- Installation control controller;
- Opening deluge sprinklers;
- Smoke detectors of the fire alarm system;
- Solenoid actuating valve - electric start of the unit.