How many lessons can be at school. Increased workload at school: how and how to help a child. I. General provisions and scope

Since the beginning of the school year, the Office of Rospotrebnadzor for the Tomsk Region has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the workload of students in schools.

Hygienic requirements for the regime of the educational process in schools are regulated by sanitary and epidemiological rules and norms SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions."

The number of hours allotted for classroom and extracurricular activities should not, in aggregate, exceed the value of the maximum weekly educational load.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions that work in two shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduating 9th and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should be organized in the first shift.

The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

For students of the 1st grade - should not exceed 4 lessons and 1 day a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students of grades 2 - 4 - no more than 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week;

For students in grades 5 - 6 - no more than 6 lessons;

For students in grades 7 - 11 - no more than 7 lessons.

Modern scientific research has established that the biorhythmological optimum of mental performance in children of school age falls on the interval of 10-12 hours. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for students of the 1st grade, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the 2nd lesson; 2-4 classes - 2-3 lessons; for students in grades 5-11 - at 2-4 lessons.

The mental performance of students is not the same on different days of the school week. Its level increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning (Monday) and at the end (Friday) of the week. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday and (or) Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson (academic hour) in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of Grade 1. The training of "first-graders" is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;

The use of a "stepped" learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day of 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons of 45 minutes each) ;

Training is conducted without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;

Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study.

The duration of the breaks between lessons is at least 10 minutes, for catering for children after 2 and 3 lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are set.

To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons per week. Physical education classes are recommended to be included in the last lessons, after physical education lessons there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.

One of the problems of our time: what is more important for the child - the study load or all the same childhood? And how to put it all together.

The teaching load on schoolchildren of general education schools is carried out on the basis of Sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SANPIN 2.4.2.1178-02(with changes and additions)

In accordance with the above standards, the permissible weekly workload in hours for schoolchildren is:

Grade 1 - 20 hours with a 5-day week;

2 - 4 classes - 25 hours for a 6-day week and 22 hours for a 5-day week;

Grade 5 - 31 hours for a 6-day week and 28 hours for a 5-day week;

Grade 6 - 32 hours for a 5-day week and 29 hours for a 5-day week;

Grade 7 - 34 hours for a 6-day week and 31 hours for a 5-day week;

8 - 9 classes - 35 hours for a 6-day week and 32 hours for a 5-day week;

10-11 grades 36 hours for a 6-day week and 33 hours for a 5-day week.

With a 35-minute lesson in grades 2-4, the maximum allowable weekly load for a 6-day school week is 27 hours, for a 5-day school week - 25 hours.

The duration of a lesson for a student should not exceed 45 minutes.

Education of schoolchildren in the 1st grade should be carried out in compliance with the following requirements:

- training sessions are held only in the first shift;

– 5-day training week;

– organization of a facilitated school day in the middle of the school week;

- no more than 4 lessons per day;

- the duration of the lessons - no more than 35 minutes;

- organization in the middle of the school day of a dynamic pause lasting at least 40 minutes;

– use of the “stepped” mode of training in the first half of the year;

- organization of daytime sleep, 3 meals a day and walks for children attending an extended day group;

- learning without homework and scoring of students' knowledge;

– additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter.

For health purposes and to facilitate the process of adaptation of children to the requirements of a general education institution in the 1st grade, a “stepped” method of gradually increasing the study load for a student is used:

- in September, October - 3 lessons of 35 minutes each;

- from the second quarter - 4 lessons of 35 minutes each.

Classes should start no earlier than 8 hours, without zero lessons.

In educational institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift.

In general educational institutions working in several shifts, education of 1st, 5th, graduation and compensatory classes should be organized in the first shift.

When using computer technology in the classroom, the continuous duration of classes directly with the video display terminal (VDT) and the implementation of preventive measures must comply with the hygienic requirements for video display terminals and personal electronic computers. After classes with VDT, it is necessary to carry out gymnastics for the eyes, which is performed at the workplace

In the classroom, work should alternate tasks of various nature. You should not perform one type of activity in the lesson throughout the entire time of independent work.

The total duration of practical work for students in grades 1-2 is 20-25 minutes, for students in grades 3-4 - 30-35 minutes.

The duration of continuous work with paper, cardboard, fabric for first graders is no more than 5 minutes, for students in 2 - 3 - 5 - 7 minutes, for students in 4 - 10 minutes, and when working with wood and wire - no more 45 minutes.

The duration of practical work in labor lessons for schoolchildren in grades 5-7 should not exceed 65% of the class time. The duration of continuous work on the main labor operations for students in grade 5 is no more than 10 minutes, in grade 6 - 12 minutes, in grade 7 - 16 minutes.

Hours of optional, group and individual lessons should be included in the volume of the maximum allowable load.

The schedule of lessons is compiled separately for compulsory and optional classes. Extracurricular activities should be scheduled on the days with the fewest compulsory lessons.

There is a 45-minute break between the start of optional classes and the last lesson of compulsory classes.

There are no double lessons in the elementary grades. For schoolchildren in grades 5-9, dual lessons are allowed for laboratory, test work, labor lessons, physical education for the intended purpose (skiing, swimming). Double lessons in basic and profile subjects for students in grades 5-9 are allowed provided they are carried out after a physical education lesson or a dynamic pause of at least 30 minutes. In grades 10-11, double lessons are allowed in basic and specialized subjects.

The duration of breaks between lessons should be at least 10 minutes, a long break (after 2 or 3 lessons) - 30 minutes: instead of one big break, it is allowed to arrange two breaks of 20 minutes each after 2 and 3 lessons. Changes must be carried out with the maximum use of fresh air, in outdoor games. When conducting a daily dynamic pause, it is allowed to extend the long break up to 45 minutes, of which at least 30 minutes are allotted for the organization of motor active activities for students on the sports ground of the institution, in the gym or in recreations equipped with simulators.

Homework assignments are given to schoolchildren, taking into account the possibility of their completion within the following limits: in the 1st grade (from the second half of the year) - up to 1 hour, in the 2nd - up to 1.5 hours, in the 3rd - 4th - up to 2 hours, in 5 - 6th - up to 2.5 hours, at 7 - 8th - up to 3 hours, at 9 - 11th - up to 4 hours.

Depositphotos/racorn

The regional department of the department posted information on the distribution of the teaching load in secondary schools on its website.

Since the beginning of the school year, the department has received many questions from parents about the organization of the educational process and the distribution of the workload of students in schools, the report says. Hygienic requirements for the educational process in schools are regulated by the document "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of education in educational institutions."

The number of hours allotted for classroom and extracurricular activities should not in aggregate exceed the maximum weekly load.

In institutions with in-depth study of individual subjects, lyceums and gymnasiums, training is carried out only in the first shift. In institutions operating in two shifts, teaching of the first, fifth, final ninth and 11th grades and classes of compensatory education should also be organized in the first shift.

The volume of the maximum allowable load during the day is:

- for first grade students - no more than four lessons and one day a week - no more than five lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson;

- for pupils of the second-fourth grades - no more than five lessons and six lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson during a six-day school week;

- for students of the fifth-sixth grades - no more than six lessons;

- for students of the seventh-eleventh grades - no more than seven lessons.

Scientific research has established that the optimal level of mental performance in children of school age falls on the interval of 10:00 - 12:00. During these hours, the greatest efficiency of assimilation of the material is noted at the lowest psychophysiological costs of the body. Therefore, for first-grade students, the most difficult subjects must be taught in the second lesson; second-fourth grades - at the second-third lessons; for students of the fifth-eleventh grades - in the second-fourth lessons.

The mental performance of schoolchildren is not the same on different days of the week. The level of efficiency increases towards the middle of the week and remains low at the beginning of the school week, on Monday, and at the end, that is, on Friday. Therefore, the distribution of the study load during the week is built in such a way that its largest volume falls on Tuesday or Wednesday.

The duration of the lesson in all classes should not exceed 45 minutes, with the exception of the first class. The training of "first-graders" should be carried out in compliance with additional requirements:

- training sessions are held on a five-day school week and only on the first shift;

- a "stepped" training mode is used: in September, October - three lessons a day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - four lessons for 35 minutes each; in January-May - four lessons of 45 minutes each;

- training is carried out without scoring the knowledge of students and homework;

- additional weekly holidays are introduced in the middle of the third quarter with the traditional mode of study.

The duration of the breaks between lessons should be at least ten minutes; to organize the nutrition of children after the second and third lessons, two breaks of 20 minutes each are established.

To meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of schoolchildren, it is recommended to conduct at least three physical education lessons per week. Physical education is recommended to be placed among the last lessons. After them, there are no lessons with written assignments and tests.

The agency clarifies that in case of violation of these requirements in schools, you can apply in writing to the Rospotrebnadzor department for the Tomsk region: the institution will be checked for compliance with sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations.

In accordance with the Federal Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 14, Art. 1650; 2002, No. 1 (part 1), Art. 2; 2003, No. 2, item 167; No. 27 (part 1), item 2700; 2004, No. 35, item 3607; 2005, No. 19, item 1752; 2006, No. 1, item 10; No. 52 (Part 1), Article 5498; 2007, No. 1 (Part 1), Article 21; Article 29; No. 27, Article 3213; No. 46, Article 5554; No. 49, Article 6070; 2008 , No. 24, item 2801; No. 29 (part 1), item 3418; No. 30 (part 2), item 3616; No. 44, item 4984; No. 52 (part 1), item 6223 ; 2009, No. 1, article 17; 2010, No. 40, article 4969; 2011, No. 1, article 6; No. 30 (part 1), article 4563, article 4590, article 4591, article 4596; No. 50, item 7359; 2012, No. 24, item 3069; No. 26, item 3446; 2013, No. 27, item 3477; No. 30 (part 1), item 4079; No. 48, item 6165; 2014, No. 26 (part 1), article 3366, article 3377; 2015, No. 1 (part I), article 11; No. 27, article 3951; No. 29 (part I), art. 4339 and art. 4359), Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2000 No. 554 “On Approval of the Regulations on the State Sanitary on the Epidemiological Service of the Russian Federation and the Regulations on State Sanitary and Epidemiological Rationing” (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 31, art. 3295; 2004, no. 8, art. 663; 2004, no. 47, art. 4666; 2005, no. 39, art. 3953) I decree:

Introduce changes No. 3 to the sanitary and epidemiological rules and regulations SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training, maintenance in educational institutions", approved by the decision of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated December 29, 2010 No. 189 (registered Ministry of Justice of Russia on 03.03.2011, registration No. 19993), as amended by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 06.29.2011 No. 85 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on 12.15.2011, registration No. 22637) and the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of 25.12. 2013 No. 72 (registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on March 27, 2014, registration No. 31751) (Appendix).

Application

Changes #3
in SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions"
(approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated November 24, 2015 No. 81)

Make the following changes to SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10:

1. Clause 1.3. put in the editorial:

“Sanitary rules apply to designed, operating, under construction and reconstructed educational organizations.

Sanitary rules apply to all general education organizations that implement basic general education programs, as well as provide supervision and care for children in extended day groups.

In order to create conditions for the education of children with disabilities in educational institutions during construction and reconstruction, measures are envisaged to create an accessible (barrier-free) environment that ensures the free movement of children in buildings and premises.

2. Throughout the text of the sanitary rules:

The words "educational process" shall be replaced by the words "educational activity";

The words “I stage” shall be replaced by the words “primary general education”;

The words “second stage” shall be replaced by the words “basic general education”;

The words "III stage" shall be replaced by the words "secondary general education";

The words "educational institution" shall be replaced by the words "organization carrying out educational activities" in the appropriate case.

3. Clause 3.8. add the following paragraph to the second paragraph:

“On the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization, it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.”.

4. Clause 3.13. exclude.

5. Clause 4.1. add the seventh paragraph with the following content:

“When designing and constructing several buildings of a general education organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.

6. The second sentence of the paragraph of the first paragraph 4.5. be stated as follows: “Wardrobes are equipped with hangers, hooks for clothes, the mounting height of which should correspond to the growth and age characteristics of students, and cells for shoes. Benches are provided for dressing rooms.

7. Paragraph two of clause 4.13. to read as follows:

“When placing a sports hall on the 2nd floor, the standard levels of sound pressure and vibration must be ensured in accordance with hygiene standards.” .

8. In clause 4.21, the second paragraph shall be stated as follows:

“Medical care for students of small-scale general educational organizations is allowed on the basis of organizations engaged in medical activities.”.

9. In paragraph five of clause 4.25, the words “disinfectants” shall be replaced by the words “disinfectants”.

10. Paragraph five of clause 4.25 shall be supplemented with the following sentence: "It is allowed to use disposable toilet seats".

11. In paragraph 4.28. in the second sentence, the words "provided that the height of the premises is not less than 2.75 m, and in newly built buildings - not less than 3.6 m." be replaced by the words "subject to the observance of the air exchange rate".

12. In the first paragraph of clause 5.7, after the words after "have dark green" add the words "or dark brown color and anti-reflective coating.".

13. The first sentence of the fourth paragraph of clause 5.7. to read as follows:

“It is allowed to equip classrooms and classrooms with interactive whiteboards, touch screens, information panels and other means of displaying information that meet hygienic requirements.”

14. Chapter V "Requirements for premises and equipment" shall be supplemented with paragraph 5.19. the following content:

“5.19. The capacity of small educational institutions is determined by the design task.

5.19.1. When designing small educational institutions, the mandatory set of premises includes: wardrobe; study rooms; dining room sanitary facilities (separately for students and staff); recreation; storage room for cleaning equipment; medical facilities (doctor's office for examining children, treatment room); sports hall, equipment room; administrative and utility rooms, an assembly hall and a library. Sports halls are equipped with separate showers and toilets for boys and girls.

5.19.2. A sports hall, a dining room, technological workshops for boys, a wardrobe are located on the ground floor. It is allowed to place a wardrobe in the basement of the task.

When designing a general educational organization, the locker rooms at the sports hall are provided with an area of ​​at least 14.0 each.

5.19.3. As part of the production premises of the catering unit, the following premises are provided: vegetable processing, harvesting and hot shops, washing for separate washing of tableware and kitchen utensils.

Storage of food products and food raw materials should be carried out in pantries (for vegetables, dry products, perishable products). When organizing the daily receipt of food products and food raw materials, it is allowed to use one pantry room.

5.19.4. The maintenance and organization of the work of the dining room in terms of space-planning and design solutions, sanitary and technical support, requirements for equipment, inventory, utensils and containers, sanitary condition and maintenance of premises, washing dishes, catering, including the formation of an exemplary menu, conditions and food preparation technologies, requirements for the prevention of vitamin and microelement deficiencies, organization of the drinking regime, observance of personal hygiene rules and medical examinations by personnel, storage and transportation of food products, daily maintenance of the necessary documentation of the catering unit (defective logs, a health log, etc.) must comply with sanitary epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general educational organizations and professional educational organizations.

The diet and frequency of meals should be set depending on the time spent by students in the organization *.

5.19.5. The surface of walls, floors and ceilings of medical premises (doctor's office for examining children and treatment room) should be smooth, without defects, easily accessible for wet cleaning and resistant to cleaning and disinfection. The panels used must have a smooth surface.

The area of ​​the doctor's office is provided for at least 12, procedural - at least 12.

In medical premises, washbasins with hot and cold water supply, equipped with faucets, should be installed.

The rooms should have natural light.

Artificial lighting, light source, lamp type are accepted in accordance with the hygienic requirements for natural, artificial and combined lighting of residential and public buildings.

It is necessary to provide a room and (or) a place for temporary isolation of sick students.

15. Paragraph one of clause 6.2. after the words "sports hall - 20 - 22 ° C" add the words "showers - 24 - 25 ° C, sanitary facilities and personal hygiene rooms should be 19 - 21 ° C".

16. In the second paragraph of clause 8.1. delete the words "in newly constructed and reconstructed".

17. Clause 8.5. to read as follows:

“In non-sewered areas, buildings of a general educational organization are equipped with internal sewerage with a cesspool or septic tank or local treatment facilities. During the construction of educational institutions in non-sewered areas, outdoor toilets are not allowed.

18. In paragraph 10.1. Paragraph two shall be amended as follows:

“The number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

If there are necessary conditions and means for training, it is possible to divide classes into groups according to subjects.

19. Clause 10.5. put in the editorial:

“The main educational program is implemented through the organization of classroom and extracurricular activities. The total amount of workload and the maximum amount of classroom workload for students should not exceed the requirements established in Table 3.

Table 3

Hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students

The hours allocated for extracurricular activities are used for socially useful practices, research activities, implementation of educational projects, excursions, hikes, competitions, visits to theaters, museums and other events.

It is allowed to redistribute the hours of extracurricular activities by years of study within the same level of general education, as well as their summation during the academic year.

20. In the first paragraph of clause 10.6, the words "maximum allowable load" shall be replaced by the words "maximum allowable classroom weekly load".

21. In the second paragraph of clause 10.6. exclude the words: "and once a week - no more than 5 lessons, at the expense of a physical education lesson."

22. In the third paragraph of clause 10.6. delete the words: “and once a week 6 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson with a 6-day school week”.

23. Clause 10.6. add paragraphs seven, eight, nine, ten and eleven with the following content:

“The total amount of load during the day should not exceed:

For students of the 1st grade - 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and 6 lessons once a week at the expense of a physical education lesson;

For students in grades 5 - 7 - no more than 7 lessons;

For students in grades 8 - 11 - no more than 8 lessons.

24. Paragraph three of clause 10.8. add the sentence with the following content: "It is allowed to conduct double lessons of physical culture (classes on skis, classes in the pool)".

25. Clause 10.10. put in the editorial:

“Training in the 1st grade is carried out in compliance with the following additional requirements:

Training sessions are held on a 5-day school week and only on the first shift;

The use of a "stepped" learning mode in the first half of the year (in September, October - 3 lessons per day for 35 minutes each, in November-December - 4 lessons per day for 35 minutes each; January - May - 4 lessons per day for 40 minutes each).

Training is carried out without scoring students' classes and homework;

Additional weekly holidays in the middle of the third quarter in the traditional mode of study. It is possible to organize additional vacations regardless of the quarters (trimesters).

In a general educational organization, supervision and care in extended day groups can be carried out when conditions are created that include the organization:

Snack and walks for all students;

Snacks, walks and afternoon naps for first year kids.

26. The title of the fourth column of Table 5 of clause 10.18 shall be stated as follows:

"Viewing Dynamic Images on Reflected Glow Screens".

27. Clause 10.18. add the fifth, sixth and seventh paragraphs as follows:

“The duration of continuous use of a computer with a liquid crystal monitor in the classroom is: for students in grades 1-2 - no more than 20 minutes, for students in grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for students in grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for students in grades 7 - 11 - 35 minutes.

The continuous duration of the work of students directly with the interactive whiteboard in the lessons in grades 1-4 should not exceed 5 minutes, in grades 5-11 - 10 minutes. The total duration of using the interactive whiteboard in classes in grades 1 - 2 is no more than 25 minutes, in grades 3 - 4 and older - no more than 30 minutes, subject to a hygienically rational organization of the lesson (optimal change of activities, lesson density 60 - 80%, physical education minutes, ophthalmotraining).

In order to prevent fatigue of students, it is not allowed to use more than two types of electronic learning tools in one lesson.

28. Clause 10.20. to read as follows:

“In order to meet the biological need for movement, regardless of the age of students, it is recommended to conduct at least 3 physical education lessons (in class and out of class) per week, provided for in the total weekly load. It is not allowed to replace physical culture lessons with other subjects.

29. Clause 11.9 shall be stated as follows:

“Officials and employees of general educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment, and then at least once every 2 years.”

_____________________________

* SanPiN 2.4.5.2409-08 "Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for catering for students in general education institutions, institutions of primary and secondary vocational education" (approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of July 23, 2008 No. 45, registered by the Ministry of Justice of Russia on August 7, 2008, registration number 12085).

Document overview

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for the conditions and organization of training in educational institutions have been adjusted (SanPiN 2.4.2.2821-10).

It has been established that on the territory of newly constructed buildings of a general educational organization it is necessary to provide a parking place for vehicles intended for the transportation of students, including students with disabilities.

It is fixed that in the design and construction of several buildings of a general educational organization located on the same territory, heated (warm) transitions from one building to another should be provided. Unheated crossings are allowed only in the III B climatic subregion and the IV climatic region.

Benches should now be provided for dressing rooms.

The requirements for small-scale general educational organizations have been established.

Prior to the changes, it was stipulated that the class size, with the exception of compensatory education classes, should not exceed 25 people.

Now the number of students in a class is determined based on the calculation of compliance with the area norm per student, compliance with the requirements for the arrangement of furniture in classrooms, including the distance of places for classes from a light-bearing wall, requirements for natural and artificial lighting.

The hygienic requirements for the maximum total weekly educational load of students have been revised.

It is fixed that for first-graders the total amount of load during the day should not exceed 4 lessons and once a week 5 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for grades 2-4 - 5 lessons and once a week 6 lessons due to a physical education lesson, for 5-7 classes - 7 lessons, for 8-11 classes - 8 lessons.

The amendments allow for dual physical education lessons (skiing, swimming in the pool).

The duration of continuous use of a computer with an LCD monitor in the classroom has been determined. For grades 1-2, this is no more than 20 minutes, for grades 3-4 - no more than 25 minutes, for grades 5-6 - no more than 30 minutes, for grades 7-11 - 35 minutes.

It has been established that officials and employees of educational organizations whose activities are related to the upbringing and education of children undergo professional hygienic training and certification during employment and then at least once every 2 years.