Wall, cladding and special ceramic products. Structural building ceramics. Brand of brick or stone

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BRICK AND STONES

CERAMIC

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Ceramic bricks and stones.

Introduction date 1996-07-01

1 DEVELOPED BY JSC VNIIstrom im. P. P. Budnikov with the participation of TsNIISK them. V. A. Kucherenko, NIISF and JSC "Voronezhstroymaterialy" of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Construction of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization and Technical Regulation in Construction (MNTKS) on April 19, 1995

State name

Name of the public administration body for construction

Republic of Armenia

Republic of Belarus

The Republic of Kazakhstan

Republic of Kyrgyzstan

The Republic of Moldova

the Russian Federation

The Republic of Tajikistan

The Republic of Uzbekistan

State Architecture of the Republic of Armenia

Ministry of Construction and Architecture of the Republic of Belarus

Ministry of Construction of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Gosstroy of the Kyrgyz Republic

Ministry of Architecture of the Republic of Moldova

Ministry of Construction of Russia

Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan

Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 INTRODUCED from July 1, 1996 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by Decree of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated December 5, 1995 No. 18-103

4 INSTEAD OF GOST 530-80

1 AREA OF USE

This standard applies to ceramic bricks and stones made by semi-dry pressing or plastic molding from clay and siliceous (tripoli, diatomite) sedimentary rocks and industrial waste (coal mining and coal ash preparation) and fired in furnaces.

Bricks and stones are used for laying stone and reinforced masonry external and internal walls of buildings and structures, as well as for laying solid brick foundations.

The requirements set out in paragraphs 3.1-3.5, 4.2.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.8, sections 5 and 6 are mandatory.

GOST 162-90 Depth gauges. Specifications

GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications

GOST 3560-73 Steel packing tape. Specifications

GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90°. Specifications

GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications

GOST 14192-77 Marking of goods

GOST 15846-79 Products shipped to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage

GOST 18242-72 Statistical acceptance control by alternative attribute. Control Plans

GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications

GOST 25951-83 Polyethylene shrink film. Specifications

GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods

3 MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS

Table 1

In millimeters

Product type

Nominal sizes according to

Single brick

Thickened brick

Brick modular dimensions single

Brick of modular dimensions thickened

Thickened brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids

Modular size stone

Enlarged modular size stone

Enlarged stone

Enlarged stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids

Note - It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to produce enlarged stones in sizes:

380 180 138

380 255 188

380 250 138

3.2 Limit deviations from the nominal dimensions in millimeters should not exceed:

For products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites

±7 ...................... in length

±5 ...................... in width

For products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing

±5 ..................... in length

±4 ..................... in width

±3 ..................... in thickness - for brick

±-4 ..................... in thickness - for stone

The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces in millimeters should not exceed:

±4 - for products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites;

±3 - for products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing.

3.3 Types and sizes

3.3.1. Single and thickened bricks are made solid (without voids and with technological voids, the volume of which is not more than 13%) and hollow, and stones are only hollow. The dimensions, shape and location of voids in the product, as well as the voidness of the product, are given in Appendix A.

The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.

Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and arrangement of holes, subject to the requirements of 3.5, 4.3.

3.3.2 The voids in the products must be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through and non-through.

The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the size of the side of square voids should not exceed 20 mm.

For enlarged stones, voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a cross-sectional area of ​​voids not exceeding 13% of the base area.

The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.

3.4 According to the strength of products with vertically located voids, grades are made: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontally located voids - 25, 35, 50, 100.

3.5 According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades: F15, F25, F35, F50.

3.6 The symbolic designation of ceramic products should consist of the name, type, brand for strength and frost resistance, the designation of this standard.

Legend Examples

Solid single ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:

Brick K - 100/1/15/GOST 530-95

Brick ceramic hollow single brand strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Brick KP - 0 150/15/GOST 530-95

Thickened ceramic brick of strength grade 125, frost resistance F25:

Brick KP - U 125/25/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone grade for strength 100, frost resistance F15:

Stone K-100/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone grade for strength 150, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUK -150/15/GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone of modular dimensions of the brand for strength 175, for frost resistance F15:

Stone KM -175/15/GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 50, frost resistance F15:

Stone KUG-50/15/GOST 530-95

Thickened ceramic brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:

Brick KUG -100/15/GOST 530-95

4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Characteristics

4.2.1 Appearance

4.2.1.1 The surface of the edges of the products must be flat, the ribs must be straight.

It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of not more than 15 mm.

According to the texture of the surface (spoon, bonder) products can be smooth or corrugated.

4.2.1.2 On the product, defects in appearance are not allowed, the dimensions and number of which exceed those indicated in Table 2.

4.2.1.3 Lime inclusions that, after steaming the products, cause destruction of surfaces and spalls with a depth of more than 6 mm, are not allowed.

On the surface of the products, the presence of spalls in the largest dimension from 3 to 10 mm is allowed, the number of not more than 3 pieces.

4.2.1.4 The amount of half-dough in a batch should not exceed 5%.

4.2.1.5 It is not allowed to supply the consumer with unburned and burnt products.

table 2

Type of defect

Number of defects

1 Corner breaks from 10 to 15 mm deep

2 Bruised and dull ribs with a depth of not more than 10 mm and a length of 10 to 15 mm

3 Cracks with a length of up to 300 mm along the bed of solid bricks and hollow products no more than up to the first row of voids (depth for the entire thickness of the brick or 1/2 of the thickness of the bond or spoon face of stones):

on spoon sides

on the butt edges

4.3 The grade of stone in terms of strength is set according to the value of the compressive strength, and brick - according to the value of the compressive and bending strengths indicated in Table 3.

4.4 Water absorption should not be less than 8% for solid bricks, and less than 6% for hollow products.

4.5 The mass of bricks in the dried state should not exceed 4.3 kg, stones - not more than 16 kg.

It is allowed, upon agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, the manufacture of enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg.

4.6 Products belong to the group of non-combustible building materials according to GOST 30244.

4.7 Products intended for laying the outer walls of buildings and structures must be tested for thermal conductivity in accordance with 6.7.

4.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides (Aeff) in products should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.

4.9 Requirements for raw materials and materials

4.9.1 Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

The materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation, and ensure that products of the specified technical characteristics are obtained.

Table 3

In megapascals (kgf/sq.cm)

Tensile strength

under compression

when bending

all types of products

solid brick

plastic molding

semi-dry pressed bricks

and hollow brick

thickened brick

Medium for

5 samples

Smallest

for a single sample

Medium for

5 samples

Smallest

for a single sample

Medium for

Smallest

for separate

sample

Medium for

5 samples

Smallest

for a single sample

For bricks and stones with horizontal voids

Note - The flexural strength is determined by the actual area of ​​the brick without deducting the area of ​​voids.

4.10 Marking

4.10.1 Products must be marked in each package, one in the middle row.

4.10.2 On the bonded surface of the product, an indelible paint is applied using a stencil (stamp) or an imprint of the brand during the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer.

4.10.3 Each package (package) must have a shipping label in accordance with GOST 14192.

5 ACCEPTANCE RULES

5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

5.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set in the amount of not more than the daily output of one furnace.

5.3 The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance.

5.4 To check the compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.

Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators:

Appearance (presence of appearance defects);

Dimensions and correctness of form;

Product weight;

Compressive strength of products;

Bending strength for brick grades 75 and 100.

5.5 Periodic tests are carried out at least once:

In two weeks - to determine the presence of lime inclusions;

Per month - to determine water absorption, flexural strength of bricks of grade 125 and above;

In a quarter - to determine frost resistance;

Per year - to determine A(eff) in the event that there is no data from the supplier of raw materials on the value of A(eff) in the supplied materials.

Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, frost resistance are also carried out every time a change in raw materials and technology (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes), by the presence of lime inclusions - when the content of carbonate inclusions in clay raw materials changes.

Periodic tests to determine A(eff) are also carried out each time the raw materials are changed.

The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as each time the raw materials, size and number of voids change.

5.6 For acceptance and periodic testing, products are selected by random selection from different places in the lot in the amount specified in 5.7 and 5.8.

5.7 Acceptance of products in terms of appearance is carried out according to a two-stage normal control plan in accordance with the requirements of GOST 18242, while the sample size, acceptance and rejection numbers must correspond to those indicated in table 4.

Table 4

Lot size

Stage of control

Sample size

Total sample size

acceptance number

Rejection number

For control, an acceptance level of defectiveness equal to 6.5% is taken.

The lot is accepted if the number of defective items in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number A(c) for the first stage of control.

The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection number R(e) for the first stage of control.

If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater than A(c), but less than R(e), go to the control of the second stage, for which a sample of the same size is selected as in the first stage of control.

A batch of products is accepted if the total number of defective products in the samples of the first and second stages is less than or equal to A(c). The lot is not accepted if the total number of defective items in the samples of the first and second stages is equal to or greater than R(e) for the second stage of control.

5.8 For acceptance control and periodic testing, a number of samples are taken from a sample of products that meet the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance, in accordance with table 5.

Table 5

Name of indicator

Number of samples

Dimensions and shape

The presence of lime inclusions

Weight, water absorption

Compressive Strength:

bricks

10 (or 10 paired halves)

Bending strength of bricks

Frost resistance

5.9 If, when checking the dimensions and correctness of the shape of the products selected from the batch, there is one product that does not meet the requirements of the standard, the batch is accepted, if there are two, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.10 If unsatisfactory results are obtained when testing products for other indicators indicated in Table 5, re-test products for this indicator of twice the number of samples taken from this batch.

A batch of products is accepted if the results of repeated tests meet the requirements of the standard, if they do not, the batch is not subject to acceptance.

5.11 Each batch of supplied products must be accompanied by a quality document indicating:

Name of the manufacturer and (or) its trademark;

Name and symbol of products;

Number and date of issue of the document;

Lot number and quantity of shipped products;

A mass of bricks and stones;

Water absorption;

Bending strength for brick grades 75 and 100;

Specific effective activity of natural radionuclides;

Thermal conductivity of products;

Designation of this standard.

6 CONTROL METHODS

6.1 The dimensions of products, the thickness of the outer walls, the radius of rounding of corners, the diameter of cylindrical voids, the width of slot-like voids, the length of cracks, the length and depth of chipping and bluntness of products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler according to GOST 427.

6.2 To determine the length and width of the products, measurements are made in three places - along the ribs and in the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the poke and spoon. For products with rounded corners, measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. The final result is taken as the difference between the largest and smallest of the measured values.

The depth of brokenness and bluntness of corners and ribs is measured using a depth gauge according to GOST 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface.

To determine the brokenness of the ribs, a section with a brokenness depth of not more than 10 mm is determined, and then the length of the brokenness of this section is measured.

The length of the crack along the bed of the product is measured with a ruler along the perpendicular from the most distant point of the crack to its intersection with the edge of the face through which it passes.

6.3 The deviation from the perpendicularity of the faces of the products, referred to a length of 120 mm, is determined with a steel square by applying it to the spoon and measuring the largest gap between the poke and the inner edge of the square with a measurement error of not more than 1 mm.

6.4 Compressive strength of bricks and stones and bending of bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.

6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dutik) is determined by steaming products in a vessel.

Images that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a wire rack placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 h. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 h, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements of 4.2.1.3.

6.6 Mass, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when samples are saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C at atmospheric pressure.

6.7 The thermal conductivity of products is determined in accordance with GOST 26254 in laboratory conditions in a climatic chamber with automatic temperature maintenance in cold and warm zones of minus (30 ± 1) ° С and plus (20 ± 1) ° С on large and small fragments of the wall in accordance with 6.7. 1 and 6.7.2.

6.7.1 Determination of thermal conductivity on a large wall fragment.

The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a wall fragment, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to:

or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, a fragment in thickness is made in two versions: the first is from a bonded row of products, the second is from a spoon row;

If the height of the brick or stone masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar, consisting of small broken brick and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume.

The laying of a wall fragment is performed with a single-row chain ligation on a complex mortar of brand 50 with an average density of 1800 kg / m 3 of a composition of 1: 0.9: 8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement of brand 400 with a cone draft for full-bodied products 12 -13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm.

The laying of a fragment of a wall from enlarged products with through voids larger than 20 mm is carried out with filling the voids with an effective insulation (porous aggregates, expanded polystyrene, foam concrete, etc.) or using a technology that excludes filling the voids with masonry mortar.

The fabricated fragment of the wall is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15-20°C and a relative humidity of 40-60%.

A fragment of the masonry is installed in the climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed with heat-insulating material.

Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and bond rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flux converter (heat meter) is used with a square section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry spoon element with the capture of half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (Figure 1c).

a - a fragment of the masonry; b - types of masonry in the transverse

axonometric section (single brick,

thickened brick, stone)

c - the location of the heat meter and thermocouples

1 - heat meter; 2 - thermocouple

Figure 1 - Technical characteristics of a masonry fragment

Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254.

For the heat meter and each thermocouple, determine the arithmetic mean of the readings over the observation period

taking into account the area of ​​the spoon and bond measured sections of the masonry, the vertical and horizontal sections of the mortar joints, according to the formula

where F(i) - plot area, sq.m.

The experimental value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in the actual state

The coefficient of increment of the value of thermal conductivity depending on the moisture content of the material, taken equal to: K = 0.09 - for products with an average density of 1200 to 1500 kg / m3;

K \u003d 0.11 - for products with an average density of St. 1500 to 1700 kg/cu.m.;

K \u003d 0.13 - for products with an average density of St. 1700 to 1900 kg/cu.m.

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the result is the value of the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state, determined by the formula

6.7.2 Determination of thermal conductivity on a small wall fragment.

It is allowed, according to the methodology of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of the wall, consisting of 12 bricks or stones.

Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight, covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.

It is allowed not to dry a wall fragment to a constant weight, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816, material samples after testing are taken with a jumper from a wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.

A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in terms of thermophysical properties to the tested products. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a mounting frame and installed in a wall that separates the climatic chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flux converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with Figure 1. The tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of the heat flux density (q) and differences are measured

temperatures

The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated according to the formula (2), the thermal conductivity of products in the masonry in a dry state - according to the formula (3) of this standard.

For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thermal conductivity value calculated according to formula (4) of this standard is taken as the result.

6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-dressing "on a die".

7 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE

7.1 Transportation of products should be carried out using pallets of the "POD" type in accordance with GOST 18343 as a means of packaging.

7.2 Transportation of products by road, rail and water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation in force for each mode of transport.

7.3 Transportation of products to the regions of the Far North and hard-to-reach areas is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.

7.4 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.

7.5 Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.

7.6 On pallets, the products should be stacked in a "herringbone" or "on a die" and "on an edge" with a cross dressing. The mass of one package should not exceed 0.85 tons.

7.7 Packages of bricks laid with cross-linking must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951, or stretch film in accordance with GOST 10354.

7.8 Products should be stored in packages on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 separately by brands and types in continuous single-tape stacks in one tier. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no higher than two tiers.

7.9 It is allowed to store products on flat areas with a hard surface in single-strip stacks in packages without pallets.

AND DIMENSIONS OF EXTRUSION PRODUCTS

Figure A1 - Brick Figure A2 - Brick

with 19 voids with 32 voids

(void 13%) (void 22%)

Figure A3 - Brick with 21 voids

(void 34%, 45%)

Figure A4 - Brick Figure A5 - Brick

with 18 voids with 28 voids

(void 29%, 38%) (void 32%, 42%)

Figure A6 - Stone Figure A7 - Stone

with 7 voids with 18 voids

(void 25%, 33%) (void 27%, 36%)

Figure A8 - Stone with 21 holes Figure A9 - Stone with 28 holes

(void 34%, 45%) (void 32%, 42%)

BRICK PRESSED

Figure A10 - Brick with 8 blind holes

(void 11%)

Figure A11 - Brick with 3 through holes

(void 2.25%)

Figure A12 - Brick with 8 through holes

(void 6%)

Figure A13 - Brick with 11 through holes

(Voidness 8.2%)

Figure A14 - Brick with 17 through holes

(Voidness 12.7%)

BRICK AND EXTRUSION STONES

Figure A15 - Brick with 6 Figure A16 - Brick with 6

Horizontal voids horizontal voids

Figure A17 - Stone c 11 Figure A18 - Stone c 3

Horizontal voids horizontal voids

Figure A19 - Stone with 30 voids and a void

For gripping when laying (45% hollowness)

Figure A20 - Brick with 8 voids

(voidness 20%)

Figure A21 - Brick with square holes

(void 33%)

Figure A22 - Stone with square voids

(void 33%)

RIGID STONES FOR MASONRY

ONE STONE THICK

Figure A23 - Stone with 45% hollowness

Figure A24 - Stone with 55% hollowness

RIGID STONES FOR MASONRY

WALLS ONE STONE THICK

Figure A25 - Stone with 45% hollowness

Figure A26 - Stone with 55% hollowness

Figure A27 - Stone with 55% hollowness

APPENDIX B

(informational)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

The text of the document is verified by:

official publication

MNTKS - M: IPK Standards Publishing House,

INTERSTATE STANDARD
BRICK AND CERAMIC STONES
Specifications

Introduction date 1996 - 07 - 01

1 AREA OF USE
This standard applies to and , produced by the method of semi-dry pressing or plastic molding from clay and siliceous (tripoli, diatomite) sedimentary rocks and industrial waste (coal mining and coal enrichment of ashes) and burned in furnaces.
Bricks and stones are used for laying stone and reinforced masonry external and internal walls of buildings and structures, as well as for laying solid brick foundations.
The requirements set out in paragraphs 3.1-3.6, 4.2.1, 4.3, 4.4, 4.7, 4.8, sections 5 and 6 are mandatory.

2 REGULATORY REFERENCES
This standard makes reference to the following standards.
GOST 162-90 Depth gauges. Specifications
GOST 427-75 Measuring metal rulers. Specifications
GOST 3560-73 Steel packaging tape. Specifications
GOST 3749-77 Calibration squares 90°. Specifications
GOST 7025-91 Ceramic and silicate bricks and stones. Methods for determining water absorption, density and control of frost resistance
GOST 8462-85 Wall materials. Methods for determining the ultimate strength in compression and bending
GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 14192-96 Marking of goods
GOST 15846-79 Products shipped to the Far North and hard-to-reach areas. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage
GOST 18343-80 Pallets for bricks and ceramic stones. Specifications
GOST 24816-81 Construction materials. Method for determining sorption moisture
GOST 25951-83 Polyethylene shrink film. Specifications
GOST 26254-84 Buildings and structures. Methods for determining the resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures
GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30244-94 Construction materials. Flammability test methods
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

3 MAIN PARAMETERS AND DIMENSIONS
3.1 Brick and ceramic stones (hereinafter - products) are made in the form of a parallelepiped and, depending on the size, are divided into types indicated in table 1.

Table 1
In millimeters

Product type

Nominal sizes according to

length

width

thickness

Single brick

Thickened brick

Brick modular dimensions single

Brick of modular dimensions thickened

Thickened brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids

A rock

Modular size stone

Enlarged modular size stone

Enlarged stone

Enlarged stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids

Note– It is allowed, in agreement with the consumer, to produce enlarged stones in sizes:

3.2 Limit deviations from the nominal dimensions in millimeters should not exceed:
— for products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites
± 7 ...................... in length
± 5 ...................... in width
– for products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing
± 5 ..................... in length
4 ..................... in width
3 ..................... by thickness - for brick
4 ..................... in thickness - for stone
The deviation from perpendicularity of facets in millimeters should not exceed:
4 - for products of plastic molding from loess, tripoli, diatomites;
3 - for products of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

3.3 Types and sizes
3.3.1 Single and thickened bricks are made solid (without voids and with technological voids) and hollow, and stones - only hollow. The dimensions, shape and location of voids in the product, as well as the voidness of the product, are targeted in Appendix A.
The thickness of the outer walls of the hollow product must be at least 12 mm.
Products can be manufactured with a different hollowness, with a different number and arrangement of holes, subject to the requirements of 3.5, 4.3.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
3.3.2 The voids in the products must be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed and can be through and non-through.
The width of slot-like voids should be no more than 16 mm, and the diameter of cylindrical through voids and the size of the side of square voids should not exceed 20 mm.
For enlarged stones, technological voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a cross-sectional area of ​​voids not exceeding 13% of the base area.
The diameter of blind voids and the dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
3.4 In terms of strength, solid products and with vertical voids are made of grades: 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250, 300, and with horizontal voids - 25, 35.50, 75, 100.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
3.5 According to frost resistance, products are divided into grades: F15, F25, F35, F50.
3.6 The symbolic designation of ceramic products should consist of the name, type, brand for strength and frost resistance, the designation of this standard.

Legend Examples

Solid single ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15:
Brick K - O 100/15 / GOST 530 - 95
Brick ceramic hollow single brand strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Brick KP - O 150/15 / GOST 530 - 95
Brick ceramic hollow thickened brand for strength 125, frost resistance F25:
Brick KP - U 125/25 / GOST 530 - 95
Ceramic stone grade for strength 100, frost resistance F15:
Stone K 100/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone grade for strength 150, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUK 150/15/GOST 530-95
Ceramic stone of modular dimensions of the brand for strength 175, for frost resistance F15:
Stone KM 175/15/GOST 530-95
Enlarged ceramic stone with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 50, frost resistance F15:
Stone KUG 50/15/GOST 530-95
Thickened ceramic brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance F15:
Brick KUG 100/15/GOST 530-95
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

4 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Products must be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 Characteristics
4.2.1 Appearance
4.2.1.1 The surface of the edges of the products must be flat, the edges - straight.
It is allowed to produce products with rounded vertical ribs with a radius of curvature of not more than 15 mm.
According to the texture of the surface (spoon, bonder) products can be smooth or corrugated.
4.2.1.2 On the product, defects in appearance are not allowed, the dimensions and number of which exceed those indicated in Table 2.
4.2.1.3 Lime inclusions that, after steaming the products, cause destruction of surfaces and spalls with a depth of more than 6 mm, are not allowed.
On the surface of the products, the presence of spalls in the largest dimension from 3 to 6 mm is allowed, the number of not more than 3 pieces.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.2.1.4 The amount of half-dough in a batch should not exceed 5%.
A brick that has one or more through cracks over the entire thickness of the brick with a length of more than 30 mm across the width of the brick and located in the central part of the supporting surface is referred to as a lap
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.2.1.5 It is not allowed to supply the consumer with unburned and burnt products.

table 2

4.3 The grade of stone in terms of strength is set according to the value of the compressive strength, and brick - according to the value of the compressive and bending strengths, not less than those indicated in table 3.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.4 Water absorption should not be less than 8% for solid bricks, and less than 6% for hollow products.
4.5 The mass of bricks in the dried state should not exceed 4.3 kg, and stones - more than 16 kg.
It is allowed, upon agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, reflected in the supply contract, the manufacture of enlarged stones weighing more than 16 kg.
4.6 Products belong to the group of non-combustible building materials according to GOST 30244.
4.7 Products intended for laying the outer walls of buildings and structures must be tested for thermal conductivity in accordance with 6.7.
4.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides (Aeff) in products should not exceed 370 Bq/kg.
If necessary, in the national norms in force on the territory of the state, the value of the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides can be changed within the limits indicated above.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
4.9 Requirements for raw materials and materials
4.9.1 Clay raw materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.
The materials used for the manufacture of products must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documents for these materials, as well as technological documentation, and ensure that products of the specified technical characteristics are obtained.

Table 3
In megapascals (kgf/cm2)

Tensile strength

under compression

when bending

Brand

products

all types of products

solid brick

plastic molding

semi-dry pressed bricks

and hollow brick

thickened brick

Medium for

5 samples

Least

for a single sample

Medium for

5 samples

Least

for a single sample

Medium for

5 samples

Least

for a single sample

Medium for

5 samples

Least

for a single sample

For bricks and stones with horizontal voids

Note- Bending strength is determined by the actual area of ​​the brick without deducting the area of ​​voids.

4.10 Marking
4.10.1 Products must be marked in each package, one in the middle row.
4.10.2 On the bonded surface of the product, an indelible paint is applied using a stencil (stamp) or an imprint of the brand during the manufacturing process, the trademark of the manufacturer.
4.10.3 Each package (package) must have a shipping label in accordance with GOST 14192.

5 ACCEPTANCE RULES
5.1 Products must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
5.2 Products are accepted in batches. The batch volume is set in the amount of not more than the daily output of one furnace.
5.3 The batch must consist of products of the same type, of the same brand in terms of strength and frost resistance.
5.4 To check the compliance of products with the requirements of this standard, acceptance and periodic tests are carried out.
Acceptance tests are carried out according to the following indicators:
- appearance (presence of defects in appearance);
- size and correctness of shape;
- weight of the product;
- compressive strength of products;
- flexural strength for bricks.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.5 Periodic tests are carried out at least once:
- in two weeks - to determine the presence of lime inclusions;
- per month - to determine water absorption;
- per quarter - to determine frost resistance;
- per year - to determine Aeff in the event that there is no data from the supplier of raw materials on the value of Aeff in the supplied materials.
Periodic tests in terms of water absorption, frost resistance are also carried out every time a change in raw materials and technology (composition of the charge, molding parameters, drying and firing modes), by the presence of lime inclusions - with a change in the content of carbonate inclusions in clay raw materials.
Periodic tests to determine Aeff are also carried out each time the raw materials are changed.
The thermal conductivity of products is determined when the product is put into production, as well as each time the raw materials, size and number of voids change.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
5.6 For acceptance and periodic testing, products are selected by random selection from different places in the lot in the amount specified in 5.7 and 5.8.
5.7 Acceptance of products in terms of appearance for compliance with 4.2.1.1 - 4.2.1.2 is carried out by visual inspection, and, if necessary, by measuring the detected defects, using the sample size, acceptance and rejection numbers indicated in Table 4.

Table 4

The batch is accepted if the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage is less than or equal to the acceptance number AC for the first stage of control. The batch is not accepted if the number of defective products is greater than or equal to the rejection number Rc for the first stage of control. If the number of defective products in the sample for the first stage of control is greater than Ac, but less than Rc, they proceed to the control of the second stage, for which a sample of the same size is selected as in the first stage of control. A batch of products is accepted if the total number of defective products in the samples of the first and second stages is less than or equal to Ac. The batch is not accepted if the total number of defective products in the samples of the first and second stages is equal to or greater than Rc for the second stage of control.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

5.8 To conduct acceptance and periodic tests from a sample of products that meet the requirements of this standard in terms of appearance, the number of samples is taken in accordance with table 5.

Table 5

(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)

6 CONTROL METHODS
6.1 The dimensions of products, the thickness of the outer walls, the radius of rounding of corners, the diameter of cylindrical voids, the width of slit-like voids, the length of cracks, the length of the brokenness and bluntness of products are measured with an error of 1 mm with a metal ruler according to GOST 427.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.2 To determine the length and width of the products, measurements are taken in three places - along the ribs and in the middle of the bed, the thickness of the products - in the middle of the poke and spoon. For products with rounded corners, measurements are taken at a distance of 15 mm from the ribs. Each measurement result is evaluated separately in accordance with 3.2.
The depth of brokenness and bluntness of corners and ribs is measured with an error of 1 mm using a depth gauge according to GOS1 162 or a square according to GOST 3749 and a ruler according to GOST 427 along the perpendicular from the top of the corner or edge formed by the square to the damaged surface.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.3 The deviation from perpendicularity of the faces is determined by applying a square to adjacent faces according to GOST 3749 and measuring with a probe or a depth gauge according to GOST 162 the gap formed between the square and the edge of adjacent faces. The result is taken as the largest value of all the obtained measurement results.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.4 Compressive strength of bricks and stones and bending of bricks is determined according to GOST 8462.
6.5 The presence of lime inclusions (dutik) is determined by steaming products in a vessel.
Samples that have not been exposed to moisture are placed on a grid placed in a vessel with a lid. The water poured under the grate is heated to a boil. Boiling is continued for 1 h. The samples are then cooled in this closed vessel for 4 h, after which they are removed and checked for compliance with the requirements of 4.2.1.3.
6.6 The mass, average density, water absorption and frost resistance of products are determined according to GOST 7025. Water absorption is determined when the sample is saturated with water at a temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C at atmospheric pressure.
The grade of brick and stone in terms of frost resistance is determined by the number of cycles of alternate freezing and thawing, in which the product does not show signs of visible damage: peeling, delamination, cracking, chipping, as well as changes in the appearance defects specified in 4.2.1.2 and 4.2.1.3 of this standard.
Chips with a diameter of up to 3 mm, formed at the place where the brick was cut or due to lime hydration, are not taken into account as signs of damage to the surface of the product when testing for frost resistance.
In arbitration cases, the evaluation of the frost resistance of bricks should be carried out by loss of strength and mass.
Brick is considered frost-resistant if the average loss of strength for five samples and the lowest value of the indicator of an individual sample, set in Table 3 for this brand, is not more than 5%, and the average weight loss for five samples is not more than 3%.
(Changed edition. Rev. No. 1)
6.7 The thermal conductivity of products is determined in accordance with GOST 26254 in laboratory conditions in a climatic chamber with automatic temperature maintenance in cold and warm zones of minus (30 ± 1) ° С and plus (20 ± 1) ° С on large and small wall fragments in accordance with 6.7. 1 and 6.7.2.
6.7.1 Determination of thermal conductivity on a large wall fragment
The thermal conductivity of products is determined on a wall fragment, the size of which, taking into account mortar joints, must correspond to:
- in thickness (d) - based on the conditions for the presence of one bonder and one spoon rows of bricks or stones. For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, a fragment in thickness is made in two versions: the first is from a bonded row of products, the second is from a spoon row;
- in length (l) and height (h) - not less than 4.5 d, but not less than 1810 mm.
If the height of the brick or stone masonry does not correspond to the established height of the wall fragment, the masonry fragment is supplemented from below and above with layers of masonry mortar, consisting of small broken brick and complex mortar in a ratio of 50 to 50% by volume.
The laying of a wall fragment is performed with a single-row chain ligation on a complex mortar of brand 50 with an average density of 1800 kg / m3 of a composition of 1: 0.9: 8 (cement: lime: sand) by volume, on Portland cement of brand 400 with a cone draft for full-bodied products 12-13 cm, for hollow ones - 9 cm.
The fabricated fragment of the wall is kept for a month in a room with an air temperature of 15–20 ° C and a relative humidity of 40–60%.
A fragment of the masonry is installed in the climatic chamber and the gaps along the contour of the chamber are sealed with heat-insulating material.
Five thermocouples are installed on the inner and outer surfaces of the wall fragment: three on the surfaces of the spoon and bond rows and two on the horizontal and vertical mortar joints. A heat flux converter (heat meter) is used with a square section with a side equal to the sum of the height of one masonry element and the thickness of one mortar joint. The heat meter is installed in the center of the wall fragment on the inner surface of the masonry spoon element with the capture of half the thickness of the upper and lower mortar joints (Figure 1c).
Tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254.

6.7.2 Determination of thermal conductivity on a small wall fragment
It is allowed, according to the methodology of the Research Institute of Building Physics, to determine the thermal conductivity of products on a small fragment of the wall, consisting of 12 bricks or stones.
Before testing, the fragment is dried to a constant weight, covered with paraffin in order to protect it from moisture during the test.
It is allowed not to dry a wall fragment to a constant mass, but to determine the moisture content of the material after the end of the test in accordance with GOST 24816, the material samples after the test die with a jumper from the wall fragment from the location of the heat meter.
A fragment of the masonry is placed in the opening of a detachable security zone made of a material similar in terms of thermophysical properties to the tested products. The security zone, together with the fragment under study, is crimped with a mounting frame and installed in a wall that separates the climatic chamber into warm and cold zones. The heat flux converter (heat meter) and thermoelectric thermometers are installed in accordance with Figure 1. The tests are carried out in laboratory conditions in accordance with GOST 26254, the value of the heat flux density (q) and temperature differences (t in - t n) are measured.
The experimental value of thermal conductivity is calculated according to formula (2), the thermal conductivity of products in masonry in a dry state - according to formula (3) of this standard.
For products with a horizontal arrangement of voids, the thermal conductivity value calculated by formula (4) of this standard is taken as the result.
6.8 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides is determined according to GOST 30108 on products placed in bags or on pallets with cross-dressing "on a die".
6.9 Unburnt and burnt products are determined by comparing bricks by color with samples - standards approved by the manufacturer in the prescribed manner.
(Introduced additionally. Amendment No. 1)

7 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
7.1 Transportation of products should be carried out using pallets of the "POD" type in accordance with GOST 18343 as a means of packaging.
7.2 Transportation of products by road, rail and water transport must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulatory documentation in force for each mode of transport.
7.3 Transportation of products to the regions of the Far North and hard-to-reach areas is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 15846.
7.4 Loading and unloading of packages of products must be carried out mechanized using special load gripping devices.
7.5 Loading products in bulk (throw) and unloading them by dropping are not allowed.
7.6 On pallets, the products should be stacked in a "herringbone" or "on a die" and "on an edge" with a cross dressing. The mass of one package should not exceed 0.85 tons.
7.7 Packages of bricks laid with cross-linking must be packed with metal tape in accordance with GOST 3560 or shrink film in accordance with GOST 25951, or stretch film in accordance with GOST 10354.
7.8 Products should be stored in packages on pallets in accordance with GOST 18343 separately by brands and types in continuous single-tape stacks in one tier. It is allowed to install the package on top of each other no higher than two tiers.
7.9 It is allowed to store products on flat areas with a hard surface in single-strip stacks in packages without pallets.

This section provides the classification, dimensions and symbols of bricks in accordance with GOST 530-2012 and 379-2015, adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Conformity Assessment in Construction.

Brick classification

  • By appointment. Products are divided into ordinary and facial. A stone with tongue-and-groove and grooved connection can only be ordinary.
  • By emptiness. Brick is made solid and hollow, stone - only hollow. The stone can be made with flat vertical edges, with tongue-and-groove protrusions on the vertical edges, with an unpolished or polished supporting surface (bed). The voids in the products can be located perpendicular to the bed (vertical) or parallel to the bed (horizontal).
  • By strength. Brick is divided into grades M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; clinker brick - M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, M1000; stones - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100, M125, M150, M175, M200, M250, M300; brick and stone with horizontal voids - M25, M35, M50, M75, M100.
  • By frost resistance products are divided into grades F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F200, F300
  • In terms of average density products are divided into classes 0.7; 0.8; 1.0; 1.2; 1.4; 2.0; 2.4. 4.1.6 According to the thermal characteristics of the product, depending on the class of average density, they are divided into groups in accordance with table 1.

Table 1 - Product groups according to thermal characteristics

Basic brick dimensions

Products are manufactured in nominal sizes given in tables 2 and 3.

Table 2 - Nominal brick dimensions in millimeters

Product type View designation Nominal dimensions Product size designation
Length Width Thickness
Brick KR 250
250
250
250
288
288
250 		120
85
120
60
138
138
120 		65
65
88
65
65
88
55 		1 NF
0.7 NF
1.4 NF
0.5 NF
1.3 NF
1.8 nf
0.8 NF
Brick with horizontal holes KRG 250
250 		120
200 		88
70 		1.4 NF
1.8 nf

Table 3 - Nominal stone dimensions (in millimeters)

Product type View designation Nominal dimensions Size designation
Length or non-working size Width or working dimension Thickness of unpolished stones Thickness of ground stones
A rock KM 250
250
380
250
250
510
250
260
380
510
250
260
250
260 		120
250
250
380
250
120
250
250
250
250
380
380
510
510 		140
140
140
140
188
219
219
219
219
219
219
219
219
219 		-
-
-
-
-
229
229
229
229
229
229
229
229
229 		2.1 NF
4.5 NF
6.8 NF
6.8 NF
6.0 NF
6.9 (7.2) NF
7.0 (7.3) NF
7.3 (7.6) NF
10.7 (11.2) NF
14.3 (15.0) NF
10.7 (11.2) NF
11.1 (11.6) NF
14.3 (15.0) NF
14.9 (15.6) NF
additional stone KMD 129
188
248
129
129 		250
250
250
380
510 		219
219
219
219
219 		229
229
229
229
229 		3.6 (3.8) NF
5.2 (5.6) NF
7.1 (7.5) NF
5.5 (5.8) NF
7.4 (7.8) NF

N o t e s:

1. It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to manufacture additional products and products of other nominal sizes, while the maximum deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values ​​given in 4.2.2. The thickness of the products must be a multiple of the thickness of the brick plus 12 mm bed seam.

2. The designation of the size (format) of products is defined as the ratio of the volume of the product in cubic meters, calculated as the product of the nominal dimensions length x width x thickness, to the volume of bricks of normal format 0.00195 m3, rounding the value to one decimal place.

3. In parentheses are the size designations for polished stones.

Limit deviations from established standards

Limit deviations from nominal dimensions

Maximum deviations from the nominal dimensions on one product should not exceed, mm:

  • by lenght:
    - brick and stone without tongue-and-groove connection ± 4,
    - stone with tongue-and-groove connection ± 10;
  • in width:
    - brick, stone with a width of not more than 120 mm ± 3,
    - stones with a width of more than 120 mm ± 5;
  • by thickness:
    - face brick ± 2,
    - ordinary brick ± 3,
    - stone ± 4.

Limit deviations from perpendicularity of adjacent faces

Deviation from perpendicularity of adjacent faces is not allowed more than:

  • 3 mm - for brick and stone up to 300 mm long;
  • 1.4% of the length of any face - for a stone with a length or width over 300 mm.

Limit deviations from the flatness of the faces of products

Deviation from the flatness of the edges of products is not allowed for more than:

  • 3 mm - for brick and stone;
  • 1 mm - for polished stone.

Limit deviations of other product parameters

  • The thickness of the outer walls of hollow bricks must be at least 12 mm, stone - at least 8 mm.
  • The corner radius of the vertical adjacent faces should be no more than 15 mm, the depth of the chamfer on the horizontal edges - no more than 3 mm.
  • The dimensions and number of protrusions of the tongue-and-groove connection are not regulated.
  • The diameter of vertical cylindrical voids and the size of the side of square voids should be no more than 20 mm, the width of slit-like voids - no more than 16 mm.
  • The size of the voids of products with a voidness of not more than 13% is not regulated.
  • The dimensions of horizontal voids are not regulated.
  • For stone, voids are allowed (for capture during laying) with a total cross-sectional area not exceeding 13% of the area of ​​the stone bed.

Brick symbols

Symbolic designation of ceramic products should consist of:

  • letter designation of the type of product in accordance with tables 2 and 3:
    - p - for privates,
    - l - for facial,
    - cl - for clinker,
    - pg - for stones with tongue-and-groove system,
    - w - for polished stones;
  • conventional designation of brick size - in accordance with table 2;
  • nominal dimensions of the stone - in accordance with table 3;
  • the working size of the stone with tongue-and-groove system in accordance with table 3;
  • designations:
    - according to - for a solid brick,
    - pu - for hollow bricks;
  • strength grades;
  • medium density class;
  • frost resistance grades;
  • designations of this standard.

Legend Examples

  • Ordinary brick (front), solid, dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm, format 1NF, strength grade M200, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F50:
    KR-r-po (KR-l-po) 250×120×65/1NF/200/2.0/50/GOST 530-2012.
  • Clinker brick, solid (hollow), dimensions 250 × 120 × 65 mm, format 1NF, strength grade M500, average density class 2.0, frost resistance grade F100:
    KR-kl-po (KR-kl-pu) 250×120×65/1NF/500/2.0/100/GOST 530-2012.
  • Ordinary (front) brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, dimensions 250 × 120 × 88 mm, format 1.4NF, strength grade M75, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:
    KRG-r (KRG-l) 250×120×88 /1.4NF/75/1.4/50/ GOST 530-2012.
  • Ordinary (front) stone, dimensions 250 × 120 × 140 mm, format 2.1NF, strength grade M200, average density class 1.4, frost resistance grade F50:
    KM-r (KM-l) 250×120×140/2.1NF/200/1.4/50/GOST 530-2012.
  • Stone with tongue-and-groove connection (polished), working size 510 mm, format 14.3NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35:
    KM-pg (KM-pg-sh) 510 mm/14.3NF/100/0.8/35/GOST 530-2012.
  • Finishing stone with tongue-and-groove connection (polished), working size 250, format 5.2NF, strength grade M100, average density class 0.8, frost resistance grade F35
    KMD (KMD-sh) 250 mm / 5.2 NF / 100 / 0.8 / 35 / GOST 530-2012.

It is allowed to enter additional information into the symbol for the complete identification of products.

When carrying out export-import operations, the symbol of the product may be specified in the contract for the supply of products (including entering additional alphanumeric or other information).

Structural building ceramic products are mainly ceramic bricks and stones, ceramic brick panels and chimney bricks.

Solid ceramic brick (GOST 530-2007). Conventional designation of a full-bodied ceramic brick K 0 (single). It has the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped measuring 250±4x120±3x65±3 mm with straight edges, clear edges and smooth front surfaces. The brick should not have mechanical damage and through cracks with a length of more than 30 mm, as well as underburning and overburning.

brick properties. Average density r o \u003d 1600 - 2300 kg / m 3, thermal conductivity coefficient l \u003d 0.5 - 0.8 W / m C. Depending on the compressive strength, the brick is divided into grades: M 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 and 300. The frost resistance of bricks must be at least 15 cycles of alternate freezing and thawing. According to frost resistance, bricks are divided into brands: F 15, 25, 35 and 50.

Brick is used for laying exterior and interior walls, laying stoves and chimneys. Do not apply for plinths and foundations below the waterproofing layer, as well as for external walls with high humidity due to low frost resistance. The disadvantages of a brick include its high average density and high thermal conductivity. Hollow ceramic products (the so-called effective ceramics) - hollow bricks and ceramic hollow stones - are deprived of these shortcomings.

Hollow ceramic brick (GOST 530-2007). It is made from fusible clays. It can be single size 250x120x65 mm (KP 0), and thickened (KP U) size 250x120x88 mm. The voids in it can be located perpendicular or parallel to the bed (Fig. 6), for example, the KUG brick is enlarged with horizontal voids. They can be through or non-through, round, square, rectangular, slotted or honeycomb. The number of voids is from 2 to 60, the voidness is from 10 to 33%. Average density 700-1500 kg/m 3 . Brands of hollow bricks by compressive strength M 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 and 250, for frost resistance F 15, 25, 35 and 50. Thermal conductivity coefficientl = 0.3 - 0.6 W / m o C.

Figure 6 - Hollow ceramic brick:

a) with vertical voids (KP-0, KP-U);

b) with horizontal voids (KUG)

Hollow ceramic stones (GOST 530-2007). Stones are larger than bricks. Basically, ceramic stones are produced in the following sizes: stone K 250x120x138 mm; stone KM (modular) 288x138x138 mm; KMU stone (modular thickened) 288x288x88 mm, etc. The use of ceramic stones increases labor productivity when laying walls, and also leads to a decrease in the number of seams. Voidness of stones 25 - 37%, grades for compressive strength M 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200 and 250, for frost resistance F 15, 25, 35 and 50. In the table. 1 shows examples of symbols for ceramic products.

Table 1 - Examples of symbols for ceramic products.

Product Feature

Symbol

Solid single ceramic brick, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15

Brick K-0 100/15 GOST 530-95

Single hollow ceramic brick, strength grade 150, frost resistance grade F15

Brick KP-0 150/15 GOST 530-95

Brick ceramic hollow single figured grades for strength 100, grades for frost resistance F25

Brick KFP-0 100/25 GOST 530-15

Thickened ceramic brick, strength grade 125, frost resistance grade F25

Brick KP-U 125/25 GOST 530-95

Thickened ceramic brick with a horizontal arrangement of voids, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15

Brick KUG 100/15 GOST 530-95

Ceramic stone, strength grade 100, frost resistance grade F15

Stone K 100/15 GOST 530-95

Ceramic modular stone, strength grade 200, frost resistance grade F35

Stone KM 200/35 GOST 530-95

Enlarged ceramic stone with horizontal voids, strength grade 50, frost resistance grade F15

Stone KUG 50/15 GOST 530-95

Ceramic brick panels . Brick panels of various types are made on stands directly at the construction site and in the shops of brick factories (Table 2).

Table 2 - Panel designs and advantages of their use

Panel construction

Benefits of using panels

1. A panel of face bricks with a thickness of ½ bricks of a given size and shape.

2. Three-layer brick panel with a thickness of two layers of ½ bricks with insulation in the middle.

3. Three-layer panel: 2 outer layers of 1/2 bricks and a middle layer of insulation 50-100 mm thick.

4. Partition panels in ½ brick.

1. The consumption of brick and mortar is reduced by almost half compared to the conventional method of building brick buildings.

2.High strength, frost resistance and seismic resistance.

3. The solution does not require special winter additives.

4. The absence of efflorescence on the surface of the brick during construction in the autumn-winter period.

5. Aesthetic appearance of high quality brickwork.

6. Flexibility in choosing brick color and mortar color.

7. Ease of manufacture.

Clay brick for chimneys. Designed for laying brick and lining reinforced concrete industrial chimneys at a brick heating temperature of not more than 700 ° C. It can be full-bodied and hollow, of various geometric shapes - a parallelepiped, wedge-shaped, including curved (curved brick). Strength grades M 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 and 300, for frost resistance F 25, 35, 50.

The assortment of the Braer red brick line is represented by models of various formats: single (1 NF), thickened (1.4 NF), euro (0.7 NF), both with a smooth and textured corrugated surface.

The main material for the production of red bricks is clay. The shade of a brick depends on the amount of iron oxides contained in it.
Thanks to the raw materials that the Braer brick factory uses in its production, a red brick of a rich color, close to terracotta, is obtained.

Red brick - timeless classic

On the territory of Russia, houses were traditionally built of red brick. The house, during the construction of which red brick was used, is considered to be reliable and strong.

Facing red brick architecture has a history going back to the Byzantine Empire and Ancient Egypt. Facing red brick was used both in construction and decoration. By decree of Peter I, houses built from other materials were supposed to be faced, preferably with red brick.

Red brick is an unfading classic of Russian architecture. A clear proof of the strength and durability of this building material is the buildings from the ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin that have survived to this day, the architectural masterpieces of St. Petersburg, and other historical buildings of Russia.

How to buy a red brick BRAER

To buy a red brick, you just need to place an order on our website, be sure to indicate your region.

Trading house BRAER works every day to be closer to its customers. If for some reason you could not buy red brick in your region, then let us know we will definitely help.

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