Bottle barometer. Electronic barometer for home Barometer from a rubber tube syringe lesson
From an old butter dish:
Such a barometer can be made from a small tin oil can with parallel sides.
Pick up a cork that tightly closes the only hole of the future barometer. Before you put the cork in place, you need to make a hole in it of such a diameter that you can pass a transparent tube-straw for cocktails through it. However, it is better to use a glass tube with an inner hole diameter of 1.5 - 2.0 mm.
The container is 2/3 filled with tinted water, a tube with a cork is inserted into the hole, while in the tube
The simplest do-it-yourself barometer
Fix such a barometer on a stand with a vertical ruler. You can calibrate it by taking readings from a real barometer.
Instead of a metal container, you can use any small glass bottle. After filling with tinted water and fitting the stopper with the tube, add some water to the tube. Since the body of the barometer is rigid, when the pressure increases, the water level will decrease, and when it decreases, it will rise.
Lefty 2007 №1
Do-it-yourself camping barometer
Cut a branch off a young fir or pine tree. Separate from it a segment 10 cm long with a thin long needle growing on the side. Now take a flat plank or plywood 150x100 mm in size and nail a prepared piece of fir to it so that the needle can move freely (see Fig.). The barometer is ready. It just needs to be graded. Bring the device to a hot stove or stove - the heat will straighten the needle and rise up.
Where she stops, take a risk. Then bring the appliance to a stream of steam escaping from the spout of the kettle. From exposure to moisture, the needle will drop down. Here mark the second risk. Connect the risks with an arc and divide into several equal parts. It remains to make the appropriate inscriptions, as in the figure. When hiking, the barometer is placed in a place protected from direct sunlight, and it will predict the weather for you.
Do-it-yourself camping barometer
Homemade barometer from a bottle
It is not always possible to buy a barometer, so I want to propose the design of a home barometer, which will show atmospheric pressure with some accuracy.
The barometer (see figure) consists of a bottle with transparent glass, a glass tube and a cork. The bottle is one third filled with water, it is better to take distilled water, since ordinary water blooms in a year. Water can be slightly tinted. A hole is made in the cork into which a glass tube is inserted. The junction is covered with plasticine. Now it remains to plug the bottle with a cork. The barometer is ready.
When atmospheric pressure begins to change, the water level in the tube will change. If air bubbles begin to come out of the tube, then the pressure is very high, and this is for clear, stable weather, at such a time there is a good bite. If water starts pouring out through the top of the tube, the pressure is low, you can expect a storm, but you should not go fishing.
Homemade barometer from a burnt out light bulb
Take a burned-out light bulb, and where the base with the threaded part begins, carefully drill a small hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm. This should be done very carefully, otherwise the balloon may crack or break.
Here is the easiest way to drill glass. At the point where you marked the hole, apply a drop of machine or sunflower oil. Take the abrasive powder from medium-grained sandpaper and add it to the oil drop to make a viscous paste, a little thinner than toothpaste. Then clamp the copper wire in the drill chuck. Its diameter should match the size of the hole you want to drill. Gently clamp the lamp base in a vise. And wrap the glass flask with a towel or rag.
You need to drill very carefully, applying minimal effort.
When the hole is drilled, fill it with tap water, filling the glass flask halfway. Then add two or three drops of ink or a piece of indelible pencil lead to it and mix. The barometer is ready.
It remains to wait until the inner wall of the flask dries out, and hang the barometer between the window frames. It is best on the north side, where direct sunlight will not fall on it. If the windows face south, install at the top of the window. After a few hours, you can take readings. Our barometer can predict the weather for the day quite fully. Overcast or partly cloudy awaits us, whether a bucket sets in or it starts to rain - a small lingering, short-term, maybe thunderstorm ...
True, you need to know some features in order to decipher the testimony.
Suppose the inner walls of the light bulb are covered with small drops of condensed water - tomorrow it will be overcast, but without precipitation.
Partly cloudy - the walls of the bulb were covered with drops of medium size, and vertical dry stripes formed between them.
In this video tutorial, we'll show you how to make a barometer at home in just a few minutes. And this is a fully functional device that is very useful, for example, for anglers, people who plan to go hiking, gardeners.
To make a barometer, we need:
Cork from a polyethylene bottle.
A PET ink bottle used to refill a printer.
Fragment of a hacksaw blade for metal.
Glue 88.
PVC tube with a diameter of 4 mm.
Syringe.
Bank with a lid.
It must be taken into account that the harder the bottle, the better it is suitable for work. When using a too plastic container, the barometer will not work, since the pressure in the external environment will be equal to the pressure inside the can, while the pressure difference between outside and outside is needed for the barometer to work. This video tutorial uses a PET bottle as it is more affordable than glass champagne bottles. You can also use glass jars for seaming, first corking them and then soldering a tube into the lid.
You can replace the tube with a ballpoint pen paste tube, it will also work.
Consider, using the example of a similar barometer made from a 2-liter bottle, how to navigate this device with rain prediction. The water column fluctuates within 50 cm. If we conditionally divide this distance into three parts, then we can predict a change in the weather according to the following rule: the lower the water column, the clearer the weather.
If the column of water is in the lower third, then there will definitely not be rain in the next two days. If the column of water is in the upper third, then the probability of rain is high. The speed of the water column also matters: if the column is in the lower third and jumped to the upper third in a couple of days, then there will most likely be a strong storm.
It must be remembered that the barometer is sensitive to temperature changes. Therefore, the best place for it would be a cellar or a living room with a constant temperature.
If the barometer shows clear weather so that your head does not bake, take care of your health, and this will help you. What else is possible?
How to make a Pascal water barometer
Special for Marzena: The experience is suitable for third grade students who need to build a simple chamber.
Experience for residents of the city - held in a building with a height of at least four floors.
Target group:
from kindergarten to high school.
Learning objectives:
hydrostatic pressure, atmospheric pressure, simple equations, graphs, experimental methodology, density, water properties, weather phenomena.
An experience:
We build a Pascal water barometer, and over the course of several days we observe indications, comparing them with meteorological observations and meteorological reports.
Equipment:
– building: our window should be located at a height of 11-12 m above the ground, if we live higher then we should ask someone who lives on the fourth floor below us, we can also install a barometer inside the building – on the stairwell ;
- plastic transparent, soft tube with a diameter of 3-5 mm (purchased in technical stores), we need about a dozen meters;
– a strong spring clip for this tube (available in a technical shop);
- a plastic bottle with a capacity of 0.3-0.5 liters;
- wire, adhesive tape, etc. for fastening;
- some ink
- candle;
- measuring tape - at least 12 m;
– Internet (wiki, meteorological services);
– if we have, it is useful to use an electronic barometer to compare the results.
We build a barometer:
In the cap of the bottle, drill a hole with a diameter more or less similar to our pipe. In the bottle itself, near the neck, we also make a hole with a diameter of several mm, which allows equalizing the pressure outside and inside the bottle. About 20 cm from the end of the tube, we tie a wire loop (clip) to it and carefully heat the flame with a candle so that the wire melts into a tube, but does not pierce it. We punch the tube through the hole in the cork so that there is about 20 cm on the inside of the fork, and the built-in wire loop clogs with the cork. The bottle is filled with boiled (always fresh brew: to remove water dissolved in water) water-colored ink, cap closed (pipe reaches more or less the bottom of the bottle) and water is sucked up the whole long tube, trying not to drink.
The top end of the tube - one with a clip - is attached to the window or balcony rails on the 4th floor. We carefully lower the bottle. It should be located about 10.5 m below the top end of the tube. The pipe does not need to be placed vertically or straight - it can, for example, be drilled with a ladder. At this point, the water level at the top end will begin to fall (a vacuum will be created over the end of the water column).
We place the bottle on the balcony of the adjacent 4th floor below us, or on the railing if we unfasten our barometer in the stairwell. We measure the vertical distance from the end of the tube to the level of the water in the bottle and mark the level "10m" at the top end. If the tube runs at an angle, or if it hangs a little, we should measure the level difference, not the distance along the tube. At the top end of the tube, we add a graduation or attach a ruler to it so that we can read the water level in a range of about 0.5 m in both directions from the current level with an accuracy of 1 cm.
The course of the experiment: for several days, every day (or every few hours) we observe and record the results of the water level in our barometer. Knowing the density of water, we convert them to pressure expressed in hPa. We explain where the traditional barometric pressure device comes from: “mmHg. St." – so that we have a pipe filled with mercury, not water. We compare the results obtained with the measurement of an electronic barometer and meteorological reports (I recommend the ICM UW site). Remember that meteorological reports do not give absolute pressure, but descend to sea level - we explain what such a reduction consists of and a correction is calculated for our city.
With more advanced high school students, we discuss and take into account the effect of temperature (change in water density) on our measurement as a correction.
We discuss the importance of atmospheric pressure for weather. We explain the formation and maintenance of high and low pressure areas and typical weather patterns.
Historical extermination:
We are talking about the barometer built by Blaise Pascal on the wall of an apartment building in Rouen, and the dictation of how a local taverner gave Pascal a barrel of Burgundy wine to fill it with a barometer instead of water, the purpose of "scientific proof of its quality". lighter than water - has its level in the barometer slightly higher than the water in the tube next to it, so it's great.
We can participate in a wider digression from Pascal's broad contributions to mathematics, physics, and philosophy - all the way to religion.
Of course, we explain where the unit of pressure used today is used: "Pascal" Pa.
Usage:
The barometer can be used during the spring/autumn season (frost will spoil it), and if it is installed inside a building, it is winter. We can use it for practical purposes: “Are we planning a field activity tomorrow? No… better not, because the pressure is dropping, it might rain.”
I warn you about oversimplification of concepts such as "pressure drops - it will rain", but I recommend that you test such partially legal dependencies in practice and show this as an example of a law that, although it does not work 100%, but allows you to make a significant probability. Several (several months) observations can be used as an illustration and an introduction to the concept of correlation - this is for students who do not have higher education. But we don't need to juxtapose junior with all mathematical formalism: the example of verifiability of weather forecasts is ideal for introducing laws that give true statistical predictions, although not necessarily in individual cases.
It is very rare that with increasing pressure, rain will fall, except for a short daytime storm - and if something like this happens - we will have the opportunity to lecture on a rather rare weather anomaly and its sources (very carefully and lightly written "synoptic commentary" updated every morning and explaining the current weather situation in an accessible way).
Maintenance:
If we use the barometer for more than a few days, we must refill the water in our bottle when it has evaporated. Depending on the type of tube, every week or several weeks we also have to disassemble our entire device, fill it with fresh (boiled) water and reinstall it. This is caused by the diffusion of gases from the air through the walls of the tube and possible leaks on the clamp closing the tube which breaks the vacuum above the water level. After such an “update” of the vacuum, it is worth writing the difference in the water level before and after this operation - and if this is important, make an appropriate correction (depending on the date of measurement).
If the barometer is going to be used for longer, especially if it is mounted on the sunny side of a building, it is worth adding some kind of anti-algae agent to the water - you can buy it at a gardening store.
What we learned from the lesson:
we already know that atmospheric pressure depends on altitude - the higher it is, the lower it is. At what height is the pressure measured by our barometer? At the height of our window, where does the water column end in the tube? At ground floor level, where is the bottle? Somewhere in between?
Ksawery
Stojda
Tutor, physicist
How to make a light bulb barometer
To make a barometer, you will need a blown-out glass bulb with a large glass bulb, sandpaper, glue, a drill or a screwdriver, machine oil, copper wire 2-3 mm in diameter, ink from a ballpoint pen.
It is necessary to make a hole at the junction of the base and the glass bulb. To do this, put a drop of machine oil on the place where you will drill the hole. Rub two sheets of sandpaper together. Apply the crumbled abrasive to engine oil and rub until a thick mass is formed. Take a piece of copper wire with a diameter of 2-3 mm and clamp it into the drill chuck. He will serve us as a drill. Wrap the glass bulb in a towel, and clamp the base of the light bulb between two wooden planks. Carefully drill a hole in the bulb. When drilling, it is necessary to apply minimal effort so that the glass bulb does not crack.
Squeeze some ink from the ballpoint pen into the flask through the drilled hole. If there is no ink, then you can use a piece of chemical pencil lead, after grinding it to a powdery mass. Fill the glass flask with tap water up to the middle. Stir until the ink or lead is completely dissolved if you used an indelible pencil.
Take the rope and wind it around the plinth in a spiral, leaving a free end about 30 centimeters long. Apply glue to the base and leave the workpiece to dry for a couple of hours.
After the glue has dried, it is necessary to hang the barometer between the window frames. It is advisable to hang the barometer on the north side so that direct sunlight does not fall on it. If the windows face south, then it is necessary to hang the barometer at the very top of the window frame.
How to decode barometer readings
- If the inner walls of the glass bulb are covered with small drops, then tomorrow it will be overcast, but without precipitation.
- If the walls are covered with drops of medium size and dry stripes are visible between them, then partly cloudy weather is expected.
- If the walls of the flask are partially covered with large drops, then there will be short-term precipitation.
- If the drops filled the light bulb from the base to the border with water, then there will be thunderstorms.
- If sufficiently large drops are located only at the border with water, and the rest of the flask remains dry, then the storm front will pass by 40-60 km from you.
- If in rainy weather the walls of the flask become dry, then tomorrow the weather will be good without precipitation.
Such a barometer can only be used at a positive air temperature. In winter, the barometer must be removed from the window frame, as the water may freeze and the glass bulb will crack.
Hello, friends!
Today I will tell you how to make a barometer with your own hands. It is not difficult to make it, it will take a little time, exotic materials are also not required. To dads reading this article - I advise you to involve your child in the manufacture - the child will be carried away not only at the time of manufacture, but also a few days later, when he will barely wake up to run to look at the readings of his own made barometer and predict the weather for the coming day. In short, making a barometer from improvised means is a very good option for implementing a home experiment for an inquisitive child. If you want to get acquainted with the history of the origin of the barometer, its types and the principle of operation, take a look at my previous one.
So let's get started. By the way, you can make various barometers with your own hands. But today we will look at how to make a liquid barometer. To do this, we need a vessel, a cork and a tube. Well, some auxiliary materials like adhesive tape, glue, plasticine and dye.
It is best to use a transparent glass bottle as a vessel. Plastic will not work, because. the container must be rigid to withstand atmospheric pressure without deforming.
The cork can be any providing tightness. Suitable both ready-made and home-made, for example, from rolled tape.
As a tube, I took a piece of a medical dropper. The tube should be long enough or wide enough (why - I will explain later). Cocktail, for example, is not good, it is narrow and short.
We are preparing a solution that will serve as an indicator of atmospheric pressure. You can use plain water, but it is not very convenient to observe a transparent liquid. Therefore, I added a little potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) to the water. You can also use food coloring.
Pour the solution into the bottle about halfway.
Now we make the indicator assembly. Its role is played by a transparent tube, preferably at least a meter long. Why can't you take a short call? Let's explain this with calculations. Suppose we want our barometer to capture well the change in atmospheric pressure within 40 mm of mercury - from 740 to 780 mm. In this case, the magnitude of the relative change in atmospheric pressure will be:
ΔP=(P 2 -P 1)/P 1 ΔP=(780-740)/740=0.054
In the same ratio, the volume of air in our vessel will also change. If there is 250 ml of air in a vessel with a volume of 500 ml, then with changes in atmospheric pressure, the volume of air can change by 13.5 ml:
ΔV=250 ml * 0.054=13.5 ml
And this change in the volume of air (and hence the liquid) must be compensated by the tube. The volume of a cocktail tube, for example, is equal to:
V=πR 2 H V straws =3.14 * 1 mm 2 * 200 mm = 628 mm 3 or 0.628 ml
As you can see, a cocktail straw is in no way able to compensate for changes in atmospheric pressure. In the case of its use, you will either encounter excess liquid flowing out, or air from the external environment entering the vessel. In a good way, in order for our barometer to work successfully with changes in atmospheric pressure, we need a tube with a length of:
H=V/πR 2 Htube=13500 mm 3 /3.14*1 mm 2 =4299 mm or 4.3 m
with an inner tube diameter of 2 mm.
I didn't have a tube like that. I took a piece of tubing from a dropper about a meter long. For my experiments, this turned out to be enough.
Basically, barometer ready. As you can see, making a barometer with your own hands is not difficult, but accuracy is required. The most important thing is to ensure the tightness of the vessel. It is necessary that the atmosphere communicate with the contents of the vessel only through the tube and in no case through a loosely inserted stopper or gaps between the stopper and the tube. In this case, the barometer will not work! To avoid this, I missed the joints of the tube and the cork, as well as the corks and the neck of the bottle with glue - the plasticine did not fit, because. did not provide adequate sealing.
In order not to build a holder for the pipe, I wrapped the pipe around the bottle neck and secured it with tape.
Now you need to set the liquid level in the tube. From the weather forecast, I knew that on the day the barometer was made, the atmospheric pressure in my city was 760 mm Hg. Art. Therefore, I needed to set the liquid level somewhere in the middle of the tube. Since the current level was at the very beginning of the tube, I needed to increase the pressure in the vessel so that the liquid level rose to the middle of the tube. To do this, I injected air into the bottle several times with a syringe through the cork.
It was possible not to use a syringe, but to blow some air into the bottle directly through the tube, but the syringe was more accurate.
Everyone, you can start observing! If atmospheric pressure rises, the liquid level in the tube falls. And if it decreases, then the liquid level rises. Given this, you can calibrate your device, that is, put a scale on it.
While observing, be prepared for significant effects on ambient temperature readings. The slightest increase in temperature (even if you wrap your hands around the bottle for a few seconds) leads to a change in pressure inside the bottle and, consequently, the level of liquid in the tube. Therefore, for greater accuracy, it is desirable to carry out measurements at a constant temperature.
As you can see, there is nothing complicated. Quite quickly, you can make a fully functional device with your own hands.
The entire volume of operations is reduced to the following:
- fill the vessel halfway with indicator liquid;
- pass a tube through the cork of the vessel, ensuring the tightness of the joints with glue or sealant;
- set the working level of the liquid in the tube.
I wish you good luck in making a barometer!
In today's experiment, we will try to make a barometer from an ordinary glass bottle. There are a large number of manuals for its manufacture on various sites (moreover, they are of the same type, that is, most likely, mindlessly copied from each other). For example:
The principle of operation of such a barometer quite simple: a volume of air is stored inside the bottle at a fixed pressure. The poured liquid plays the role of a movable piston between this volume of air and the external atmosphere. If the external (atmospheric) pressure changes, then the liquid level in the tube will also move. So, with an increase in pressure, the level of the column will fall, with a decrease in pressure, it will rise.
Let's try to make a barometer. To do this, we need: a glass bottle (0.5 liters), a drinking straw, electrical tape. With the help of electrical tape, we make a cork on the straw, which will fit tightly into the neck of the bottle (you can also take a regular cork, I didn’t have one at hand). After the liquid is poured into the bottle and the straw is inserted, the internal volume of air must be sealed. You can do this, for example, by filling the neck with Moment glue (do not allow temperature changes while it dries, otherwise the glue will bubble up due to the escaping air).
Once everything is dry, the barometer is ready to go. Here we find an unpleasant feature: it has a high sensitivity, not only to pressure, but also to temperature. As a result, air either enters the bottle, or, conversely, water pours out. Thus, it is extremely difficult to use such a barometer for its intended purpose.
To prove this, we will carry out some calculations “on the fingers”:
Atmospheric pressure changes by about 20 mm. rt. pillar from normal. Thus, the relative pressure change is:
delta_P / P = 20 / 760 = 0.0263
This change results in the same relative change in the volume of air in the bottle. We will assume that the bottle is half filled, i.e. V = 250 ml. Then
delta_V = V * 0.0263 = 6.58 ml = 6580 mm 3
At the same time, the volume of the straw (diameter 2 mm, length 20 cm = 200 mm):
V sol \u003d 3.14 * 1 * 200 \u003d 630 mm 3
It can be seen that the volume of the straw is obviously not enough to contain all the liquid that will rise or fall. The same problem is observed when the temperature changes. Even if the temperature changes by only 5 degrees, the relative change will be:
delta_T / T = 5 / 270 = 0.019
which is comparable in effect to a change in pressure.
Conclusions:
It is necessary to keep such a barometer in a room with a constant temperature (it is possible in a refrigerator, but the glass fogs up there, and it is difficult to see the liquid level).
Larger diameter tubing must be used.
Under these conditions, you can count on the performance of this device.