Cement tiles: installation instructions. Advantages and disadvantages of Braas cement-sand tiles, do-it-yourself production and installation of coating Sand-cement tiles degree of inclination
Among the well-known types of hard roofing, cement-sand tiles can be distinguished, the name of which already indicates the set of materials used in its production. Indeed, the composition of coatings of this class includes cement and quartz sand, mixed with water in the right proportion. It should be noted that the most modern technologies used in the production of such tiles make it possible to obtain a material that is superior in strength to concrete known to all of us.
The advantages of products from a sand-cement mixture should also include such specific features of the material in question, such as:
- the possibility of giving it any color shade by adding special dyes to the initial mass before its molding;
- high frost resistance and fire safety, as well as resistance to ultraviolet radiation and mechanical stress;
- aesthetics and attractiveness of roofing from cement-sand materials.
Due to the significant weight, the installation of cement-sand tiles involves strengthening the roofing base used for laying it (the entire system of rafters and battens). Thanks to this reinforcement, you can use this roofing material even on pitched roofs with a small angle of inclination. Another characteristic feature of this coating is the small size of sheet blanks, which greatly facilitates their installation and repair. We hope that the recommendations given in the article will allow you to close the roof yourself, without resorting to the services of professional workers.
How to store, lift and stack material
It is best to store tiles ready for laying under a special ventilated canopy, preventing the formation of moisture accumulation areas in the stored blanks. When storing stacked material in the open, cover them with ordinary plastic wrap.
Note! It is necessary to lift the tiles to the place of its installation very carefully, avoiding the formation of large stacks of material, under the weight of which damage to individual purlins is possible. The best option can be considered stacks of a maximum of 5-6 sheets.
Laying of such a coating can be carried out at angles of inclination of roof slopes from 25 to 65 degrees. In addition, in such cases, it is desirable to lay out individual sheets of tiles in a checkerboard pattern, which gives additional strength to the entire roofing.
Mounting Features
The laying of tiles from a cement-sand mixture begins with the installation of a waterproofing film, which is fixed on the rafters with small nails or a special construction stapler. When installing it, the following points must be taken into account:
- The film should be attached with a slight sag, providing ventilation of the rafter spaces and condensate drainage towards the gutter (through the cornice strip).
- Individual sheets of waterproofing film must be laid with a slight overlap or overlap (about 15 cm). When fastening with small galvanized nails, sometimes for reliability, the film is pre-pressed with thin wooden slats.
- When laying the insulation material, make sure that there is a small gap (at least 5 cm) between the film and the insulation layer, which ensures unhindered air circulation.
- For the construction of a crate for such tiles, it is recommended to use bars with a section of 30 × 50 mm, which are laid in increments determined by the size of the tile blanks (usually it ranges from 32 to 39 cm).
Another point that should be taken into account when installing cement-sand tiles on your own is strict adherence to the laying sequence. According to generally accepted standards, work should begin from the lower right corner of the roof from the slope, followed by movement along the eaves. Thus, the order of laying tiles involves the simultaneous movement of the working area from right to left and from bottom to top (towards the ridge). In this case, the sections located along the perimeter of the roof are first laid over, and only then the space formed inside them is filled.
Note! To fix the tiles on the crate, you will need to prepare a couple of holes drilled with a conventional electric drill. All attempts to make holes in any other way (punching with a nail, for example) inevitably lead to the destruction of the coating material.
Upon completion of the entire complex of preparatory operations, you can safely proceed with the installation of the first lower element, which is laid taking into account the receipt of a small "descent" over the edge of the crate. Such a descent protects the under-roof space from rainwater ingress, and also contributes to the free penetration of air into the attic.
When installing the roof, one should take into account the fact that the strength of the entire coating as a whole will depend on the reliability of fixing the lower row of tiles (which accounts for the largest wind load). In addition, special attention should be paid to the installation of the uppermost row of tiles adjacent to the roof ridge. In this place, it is necessary to leave a small gap, which ensures the free movement of air masses. At the final stage of roofing work, the so-called ridge is laid on the roof, covering all mounting gaps and completing the compositional design of the roof of the building.
We very much hope that, taking into account all the recommendations indicated in our article, you will be able to independently carry out the installation of cement-sand tiles on the roof of your house.
Video
This video shows the arrangement of the roof overhang during the installation of cement-sand tiles:
Our company has more than 15 years of experience in the arrangement of tiled roofs. During this time we have acquired knowledge and vast practical experience. Installation of cement-sand tiles is carried out according to the instructions developed by us under the control of our own technical supervision service.
Order service
Advantages
Impeccable quality
Most of our roofers have more than 10 years of experience, many of them have been with the company since the first project!
fair price
additionally, only changes that the customer makes in the course of work can be paid. For example, it was decided to install windows or lay insulation. In this case, the cost changes. But we make up for our mistakes ourselves!
Certain deadlines
The average performance of our masters is 9 m2 / day for a turnkey complex of works. When installing cement-sand tiles on a finished truss system, the period is halved.
Solid Guarantees
We give a guarantee for the entire roof, so we take a responsible approach to the selection of components, monitor compliance with the technology and use modern tools.
Our work
Legislators in the field of technologies for working with tiles are German specialists. The level of their work was taken as a standard in our company. In 2008, we invited members of the German Roofers' Union to one of our sites to see what aspects of our work still need to be improved.
Our masters showed a level that was in no way inferior to the requirements of invited specialists. This gave us a new impetus to development. We do not just continue to develop our own competencies, we teach the installation of cement-sand tiles to everyone who wants to master this technology.
We have over 1000 roofs of various shapes and experience with different tile profiles. Customers of "Red Roofs" are located in different regions of Russia - from the Black Sea coast to the Leningrad region. Our masters hone their skills not only in Russia, they adopt the experience of European and even Japanese colleagues!
Examples of our projects
As a roofing material for our country house, my wife and I chose Zabudov's cement-sand tiles (similar to Braas, but of higher quality), produced in Belarus. We searched for and chose a supplier in Moscow for a long time and settled on the Red Roofs company. Never regretted the choice! I liked the company very much. Our supervising manager was, and still is Zhanna Lomakina, ...
Good afternoon! I will share my experience of cooperation with the Red Roofs company. I studied the offers on the market for quite a long time and carefully before making a choice. Svetlana Kolodina, the manager of the Red Roofs company, competently consulted, oriented in the assortment. As a result, I chose the Red Roofs company, because in addition to the professionalism of the manager, I received the most favorable...
Summer 2016 I decided with my family to build a house from glued beams. We saw many villages and living houses. We settled on a tiled roof and initially designed the roof of the house under the tiles. We wanted BRAAS Taunus cement-sand high-wave tiles. We chose from whom to buy a complete set of materials for the roof (tiles, insulation, membranes, skylights, snow retention gratings, drainage system) ...
In "Red Roofs" we have issued orders for two objects. First, they ordered natural tiles for their house of 440 m2, a garage, a bathhouse, I liked everything very much, the manager Olga Dolgovskaya is just a smart girl, she works for "5+". As a result, we ordered tiles for the second house and, in the end, placed orders for paving stones for both properties. We were very pleased with the work with the Red Roofs company, many thanks to Olga Dolgovskaya.
With best regards, Vladimir.
Good afternoon! I want to express my gratitude to Olga Dolgovskaya, the manager of the Red Roofs company! Thank you for your help in the selection of material for the roof of the house, prompt delivery and the necessary consultations.
Sincerely, Dmitryuk Vyacheslav Gerasimov.
I express my gratitude to the company "Red Roofs" for the work performed - the reconstruction of the roof (roof area is 592.30 square meters) at the address: Tver region, Terekhovo village. I would especially like to note the professionalism, high qualifications, as well as the clear and constructive work of the entire team, from the management to the workers at the construction site, which made it possible to reduce...
MK Agran LLC expresses its deep gratitude and sincere gratitude to the Red Roofs Company for the 2-year fruitful cooperation.
During our joint work, many orders were placed, stable shipments allowed us to carry out our activities without interruption. We are very pleased with the discounts that your company presents to us as a construction company and a regular customer.
We started cooperation with your company only this year. You acted as a supplier of tiled roofing for three of our facilities. Roofing work on two sites has already been fully completed. Work on the third facility is still ahead. But already now we are confident that we will fulfill them with high quality and on time, based on the experience of our cooperation. The staff of your company are professionals. ...
We express our gratitude to the Red Roofs company for the high-quality fulfillment of obligations under the contract for the implementation of complex works on the installation of the roof at the address: Leningradsky Prospekt, house 48/2, building 1.
During the cooperation, the company "Red Roofs" has established itself as a conscientious and reliable partner, fully realizing the needs and wishes of our organization...
The company "Red Roofs" in 2005 performed roofing installation work during the construction of the cottage village "Arkhangelsk" in the Moscow region, Gorki - 6.
During the work, the company "Red Roofs" has established itself as a conscientious and reliable partner, meeting the wishes of the Customer. The roofing work was carried out to a high standard...
Roof design
Roof design
Prices
The cost of installing a square meter of cement-sand tiles depends on the profile, shape of the roof, the number of complex nodes, valleys and junctions.
What is included in the price: installation of cement-sand tiles; performing the necessary nodes on a pre-prepared truss system; laying waterproofing; installation of gutter hooks; counterbar installation; installation of snow retention and security systems.
The price does not include: installation of a drainage system; insulation installation; installation of anti-settling caps for furnace and sanitary outlets; roof glazing installation.
Complexity of development
| Work in progress | simple roof | Medium Roof (Or custom profile on plain roof) | Composite Roof (Or Custom Profile on Medium Roof) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Installation of waterproofing | |||||
| Installation of counter battens and battens | |||||
| Roof covering including snow retention | from 1400 ₽/m2 | from 1600 ₽/m2 | from 1800 ₽/m2 | ||
| Gutter systems, gutters, funnels, corners. (Not including pipes and hemming (Due to the fact that the installation takes place after the completion of facade work) |
The cost of work does not include: departure for measurement, delivery of material, installation of scaffolding, lifting of material to the roof, overhead costs, arrangement of a residential camp.
How long does it take to install ceramic tiles?
At the time of signing the contract, we draw up a "Schedule of work", which stipulates a deadline, taking into account weekends and technological breaks. There may be deviations in the schedule due to adverse weather, but this factor cannot be calculated in advance.
The company's own statistics show that turnkey work (without insulation) on a 300 m2 roof is completed within 30-40 days, including delays due to bad weather. If other works are carried out at the facility in parallel (for example, facade cladding), then the schedule may be adjusted depending on them.
The procedure for the provision of services in the company "Red Roofs"
First of all, the roof project is analyzed, if there is no project, then it must be completed. Based on these data, a preliminary estimate is calculated. After that, the construction site is assessed by our specialist. It establishes whether the finished base is suitable for installation for the implementation of the project, determines other features of the construction site. The final estimate is calculated according to the project and inspection of the facility. After its coordination with the client, a contract is concluded, to which a work schedule is attached.
From the moment the contract is signed to the start of installation, an average of 2 weeks pass, during which materials are purchased, and related issues of site preparation are resolved. After completion of installation, the customer checks the quality of work. For these purposes, you can use the services of an independent specialist. Only after full acceptance, acts of completed work are signed.
The company "Red Roofs" provides a comprehensive guarantee for a period of 2 years for the work performed
The Red Roofs company has a strong position in the natural roofing market and has been successfully operating for more than 15 years. We always fulfill our obligations to customers;
We want the quality of the roof to not cause complaints during operation, therefore we recommend only the best proven solutions and monitor the strict observance of the technology by our teams; We conclude an honest, transparent contract written in an accessible language with the client.
More precisely, the cost of work for your roof can be calculated by our managers based on the drawings of the facade from four sides and the roof plan. The final calculation is carried out after the departure of our specialist to the construction site.
For some objects there are multiplying factors: the height of the building is more than three floors; curvilinear roof shapes; cramped conditions, which often happens during reconstruction, when it is necessary to preserve the facade and the surrounding landscape of the building.
Products used
Reviews
People at all times sought to have a strong, reliable and durable roof over their heads, which would not only protect the house, but also decorate it. And in this regard, not a single newfangled coating can be compared with natural piece products. However, the depletion of natural resources led to a rise in their cost and, as a result, a significant decrease in demand. This forced manufacturers to look for an alternative to natural covering materials, which became cement-sand tiles - the golden mean with a rare good price-quality ratio. In this article, we will try to figure out without embellishment what this roofing material is and whether it is possible to lay it on our own.
Cement-sand tiles: technical characteristics
The characteristics of cement-sand tiles are determined by the characteristics of the materials from which it is made, and the production technology.
Composition and production
For the manufacture of cement-sand tiles, a mixture of sifted purified sand and quick-setting cement (at least M200) with the addition of vegetable dyes is used. The properties of concrete tiles depend on the strict dosage of all components in the concrete mass, especially on the ratio of cement and water. The slightest deviations from the requirements of the technology will lead to the appearance of white limescale on the surface of the tiles and reduce performance.
The quality of concrete tiles depends on the observance of the correct proportions of the tile composition - 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and 0.5 parts of water without impurities.
After molding, the products are dyed and dried in special chambers. Then re-stained and dried again for at least 30 days outside. Double painting and drying make cement-sand tiles immune to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation, and therefore able to maintain a presentable appearance and excellent properties for many years.
At the final stage of production, tiles must be kept outdoors for 30 days, which significantly improves the performance of the material.
Concrete tiles made using a three-layer technology are distinguished by special endurance, where the first layer is high-strength concrete, the second is the spraying of a colored cement composition that fills all the pores under pressure and smoothes the surface of the workpieces, and the third (external) is a double acrylic coating, giving the tiles a wet effect. Such products do not absorb water, as a result of which the frost resistance of the material increases many times over and its ability to calmly endure any climatic negatives, including acid rain.
Coating dimensions and weight
The composition, affordable raw materials and innovative production methods make concrete products similar to ceramic tiles both visually and in quality, but much cheaper and lighter. This is a big plus of cement-sand tiles.
Despite the variety of roofing materials, developers often choose cement-sand tiles because of their fantastic appearance, high quality and affordable cost.
Technical parameters of concrete tiles:
- The weight of cement shingles is no more than 45 kg/m², while the mass of ceramic tiles can reach 75 kg/m².
- The thickness of the tile is about 12 cm.
- The size of concrete tiles is larger than ceramic ones - 42X33 cm - that is, 10–11 pieces are enough for 1 m² flooring. True, some manufacturers produce models of a smaller format (41X24 cm), which will require about 15 pieces per 1 m² to be laid. However, in any case, due to the perfect dimensional accuracy, fitting of the fragments on the roof is not required, which makes the installation of concrete tiles quite easy.
But, despite this, many developers do not risk purchasing cement-sand tiles precisely because of the large weight, since there is an opinion that when using it, it is necessary to strengthen the truss system, which means additional costs for the arrangement of the roof. Such a statement distorts the truth. The load-bearing roof structure must be capable of withstanding a load of at least 200 kg/m² without the weight of the covering material itself. And if the heaviest model is included in the design calculations, then by reducing the pitch of the rafters, it will be necessary to increase the cost of lumber by only 7-10%. The foundation and walls, if they were originally planned for natural coating and erected in accordance with the standards, have a sufficient margin of safety. Therefore, one should not be afraid for their condition, no matter what material they are made of. Even log houses perfectly withstand cement-sand, ceramic, and slate coating, if all calculations are made correctly. But on the other hand, comfort and coziness in the house with natural covering material will be provided for many generations.
Roofing from cement-sand tiles is suitable for a house made of any material, the main thing is that the bearing capacity of the walls and foundation is calculated correctly
Video: cement-sand tiles for a wooden house
Material structure
Of great interest is the structure of concrete shingles. Its main elements:
Video: concrete tiles, how it works
Advantages and disadvantages
First, we note the key advantages of concrete tiles - low thermal conductivity and low water absorption, which ensures dryness, coziness and comfort in the house. These are important indicators, since there are many beautiful coatings, but incredibly attractive and at the same time energy-saving ones are few and cement-sand tiles are one of them. In addition, concrete shingles are distinguished by:
The weaknesses of concrete tiles can be called relative, since some of them are at the same time its advantages or appear only in certain cases:
- The large weight of the tiles, thanks to which the roofing perfectly resists strong winds. In addition, thick fragments dampen extraneous noise well and provide a quick shrinkage of the building, which allows you to start finishing work much earlier and complete construction faster.
- The fragility of the material in case of improper handling during delivery, storage and lifting to the roof.
- The high cost of installation, if you do not do it yourself.
As a result, there are not so significant disadvantages, which include:
Video: builder's opinion on cement-sand tiles
What to look for when buying concrete tiles
If you decide to cover the roof with cement-sand tiles, then the next step should be choosing a manufacturer. The largest suppliers of cement-sand tiles are:
- concern A-Tiilikate (Finland), whose products are designed for use in the harsh Scandinavian climate, which is why they are perfect for our northern latitudes;
- Sea Wave tiles (Swedish holding Benders and Russian company Baltic Tile), whose tiles are famous for their beautiful shape of an oblique wave;
- and of course, Braas (Germany) with its popular models - "Frankfurt" and "Adria".
Before using cement-sand tiles for roofing, you need to choose the best manufacturer and find out all the pros and cons of their products.
When buying, be sure to ask:
Video: cement-sand tiles - properties, production and selection
Roofing from cement-sand tiles
The roof must be considered as a whole. It consists of two blocks: a truss system - a support for the building envelope and a roofing system, which includes:
In turn, the covering flooring is formed from different tiles, divided into:
When installing, use all types. Only in this case it is possible to obtain the maximum effect from the arrangement of the cement-tile coating.
Installation of cement-sand tiles
Undoubtedly, concrete tiles are a good covering material that deserves trust. Nevertheless, the considerable price, considerable weight and relative fragility require the utmost care and attention during installation. After all, there are no trifles in the roof. Even fasteners - nails, self-tapping screws and clamps help to mount a strong, reliable and long-term coating. How to correctly calculate the material, carry out the installation with your own hands and what is needed for this, let's try to figure it out now.
Creating a beautiful cement-sand coating requires the utmost accuracy of calculations, the use of high-quality materials and accuracy during installation.
Necessary equipment and tools
In addition to concrete tiles for roofing, you will need:
In order to avoid breakage of tiles, it is desirable to lift them onto the roof using a motor vehicle lift.
Material calculation
To understand the calculation scheme, let's look at an example. We have a simple gable roof with an area of 50 m². The length of the ridge is 8 m. We will use tiles of the format 420X330 mm (working parameters 399X300 mm). We carry out calculations:
- We determine the useful area of the tile by multiplying its working dimensions indicated by the manufacturer. In our case, 0.399 x 0.3 = 0.1197 m².
- We calculate the number of tiles by dividing the roof area by the area of one tile - 50: 0.1197 = 417.71 pieces.
- Add 10% to stock and round up to the whole number 417.71 + 10% = 459.48 = 460 pieces.
- We calculate the number of ridge tiles. To do this, we multiply the length of the ridge by the number of products per 1 running meter, which is indicated in the technical specifications. For example, the consumption of Braas ridge tiles is 3 pcs/r.m. m. Therefore, 8 x 3 \u003d 24 + 10% \u003d 26.4. Round up to a whole number and get 27 pieces. Valleys and ridges are calculated similarly.
- We buy ventilation tiles at the rate of 3-5 pieces per slope (mainly near the roof windows and chimney), and half tiles - 3 pieces per 1 linear meter. m (in the valleys, near the gables, ridge and ribs).
- We purchase fasteners according to the manufacturer's instructions, since each model has its own characteristic fastening features.
Installation work
Work begins with the preparation of scaffolding, checking the working condition of tools, creating fences in accordance with safety regulations (SNiP 111-4-80) and raising tiles in small batches to the roof.
Cement-sand tiles have a considerable weight, so you should lift them onto the roof carefully and place them in small batches over the entire area.
The further order of work is as follows:
- Without fail, the geometry of the slopes is examined, for which they measure diagonally using a two-meter rail. Permissible deviations according to SNiP 3.04.01–87 - from -5 to +5 mm per 2 linear meters. m.
- Near dormer or roof windows, as well as at junctions and passages, if necessary, reinforce the load-bearing structural elements.
- A dropper is installed across the entire width of the slope with an extension beyond the extreme rafters of not more than 300 mm and the required number of solid, side and half tiles is calculated.
At the very beginning of the installation, a dropper is installed and the number of tiles is calculated according to the width of the slope, taking into account whole side and half tiles
- A waterproofing film is laid along the upper edge of the rafter legs with the removal of its width limits by 150 mm to decorate the gables. Waterproofing material can not be used when arranging cold structures with a slope of up to 60º. On top of the waterproofing, counter rails are stuffed from a bar with a section of at least 30X50 mm. For complex structures or with long slopes, the cross section of the beam is increased to 50X50 mm.
Waterproofing is laid along the upper edge of the rafters and fixed with a counter-lattice, which provides the necessary ventilation gap
- Stuff the extreme boards of the crate. The bottom bar at the eaves should be higher than the rest of the boards by the thickness of the covering material. The second row is stuffed taking into account the offset of the first row shingles, which can be 0–80 mm. The boards of the crate are fixed to the counter-crate with self-tapping screws with an offset along the axis.
The lowest bar or board at the cornice is raised above the plane of the entire crate by the thickness of the covering material, because here the tiles with their lower edge rest directly on the crate, and not on the next row
- Calculate the step of the crate in the gap between the second bottom row and the top one at the ridge. The step size for cement-sand products varies depending on the slope of the roof from 32 to 39 mm according to the selected tile model. They fill the crate completely, placing the joints of the boards in a checkerboard pattern above the rafter legs.
They measure the distance between the second bottom and ridge boards of the crate, and then calculate the pitch of the crate depending on the length of the selected tile
- They equip the chimney (using reinforced mesh and sealant) and valleys - they lay double waterproofing, stuff a fastened crate, mount the valley gutter and tiles using half tiles.
After stuffing, the crates form valleys - they lay double waterproofing and increase the frequency of the crate along the entire joint line
- With a dyeing lace on the crate, the location of the gable columns is beaten off, and then every third or fifth vertical column is marked along the width of the slope.
The coloring lace on the crate beats off the location of future columns of tiles in order to make the correct, even and beautiful laying of fragments
- According to the markings made, ordinary shingles are laid from the bottom up and from right to left. In this case, each subsequent row is laid with an offset relative to the previous one. Adjustment to the width of the flooring is done with half tiles or by cutting. Concrete tiles are fixed to each other with a lock, and they are attached to the crate with hooks. Thanks to the overlaps, the upper rows press the lower rows, reliably protecting the mount. But still, individual sections of the roof need to be strengthened additionally. In regions with a normal climate, with a roof slope of up to 60º, in addition to the lock and hooks, tiles are fixed along the perimeter of the slope with clasps or galvanized self-tapping screws. In windy areas or with a greater slope, a safety mount is made in those places that account for the greatest wind load - at the junctions, all undercut fragments, as well as along the tiles of the cornice and ridge row.
Concrete tiles are fixed to the crate with hooks, and fastened together with a lock, additionally fixing only fragments along the perimeter of the slope, while the fasteners should not be rigid in order to compensate for the thermal expansion of the tiles
- On hip or tent structures, tiles begin to be laid from the middle of the slope, laying out the entire central column, then the entire lower row and then the fragments in the direction from the central column to the roof ribs.
With a slope of slopes from 10 to 22º, it is necessary to fill the lower roof - a solid flooring made of particle boards or waterproof plywood with an additional laying of waterproofing material or roofing material on it.
Video: installation of cement-sand tiles
Arrangement of roofing knots
After all the slopes are mounted, the installation of the ridge begins, the formation of ridges and a drain:
This completes the installation of the cement-sand tile roof. If everything is done correctly, accurately, in compliance with the standards and instructions of the manufacturer, then as a result of all the work, an amazingly beautiful, durable, reliable and long-term coating will turn out.
It is possible to lay cement-sand tiles on almost any form of roofs with the exception of flat ones, and for Mediterranean or European-style houses, concrete tiles are an almost indispensable roofing material.
Mounting errors
Most often, when installing cement-sand tiles, the following mistakes are made:
All these errors can be avoided if you carefully study the installation instructions provided by the manufacturer and strictly follow all recommendations. Otherwise, you will have to partially or completely dismantle the coating, which is highly undesirable for such an elite material, and will result in large financial costs.
Video: reconstruction of a cement-sand roof, installation errors
Concrete roof maintenance
The main rule for caring for a roof is to keep it clean. Cement-sand tiles are sensitive to microorganisms, which are most often born in the joints of tiles when dirt, debris and dust accumulate in them, generously soaked in rain and melt water.
The best remedy for such a scourge is "Gren-fri" - after treatment, microorganisms die immediately, and there is no need to clean the roof of residues. They wash themselves off with rainwater. The term of "Gren-free" is up to 6 years, depending on the conditions of maintenance of the coating. Good also showed themselves such products as Primacol and MossKade (Poland), IKOpro (Belgium). In the fight against organic matter, you can also use a folk remedy - a saline solution - but such treatment is very inferior in efficiency to chemical compounds. The installation of copper plates in the ridge area also helps - rainwater, upon contact with them, is ionized and, flowing down the roof, stops the growth of moss, lichen, algae and other things.
As for the repair of the roof, with regular preventive inspection and timely cleaning of the drain, it will not be needed for many years. However, there are force majeure circumstances that require the replacement of damaged fragments. All repairs come down to the fact that the coating is disassembled in a certain area and the damaged tiles are replaced with new ones. This is where those 10% of the stock that were taken into account when buying roofing material and additional elements will come in handy.
Comparison of concrete tiles with other types
Each type of tile has its own advantages and disadvantages. The choice depends only on personal preferences and financial capabilities. Although it is not entirely correct to compare different types of tiling, we will try to highlight the main points.
Table: comparative analysis of individual types of tiles
| Types of tiles | Cement-sand | ceramic | metal tile | Polymer | Bituminous | Wooden | slate |
| Thermal conductivity | low | low | high | low | low | low | low |
| Soundproofing | high | high | low | high | high | high | high |
| Strength | good | good | depending on the type and thickness of the polymer layer - from low to high | good | good | good | high |
| UV resistance | high | high | depending on the type of polymer coating - from low to high | good | good | requires periodic treatment with special compounds | high |
| fire safety | high | high | high | ignites but does not support combustion | good | requires treatment with flame retardants and installation of spark arresters on chimneys | high |
| Environmental friendliness | high | high | average | low | good | high | high |
| Frost resistance | high | high | high | good | fragile | high | high |
| Life time | 100–150 years | up to 150 years | 25-50 years with PVDF coating and above | up to 50 years | 25–30, quality products - up to 50 years | from 15 to 100 years depending on the type of wood | at least 100 years old |
| Cost, r./m² | 450–2100 | 700–2500 | 260–560 | 250–800 | 220–700 | 500–1700 | 5800–14000 + installation cost from 2000 and above |
It has been a traditional roofing material for thousands of years. However, modern natural ceramic tiles are quite expensive. Therefore, a simpler and cheaper tile manufacturing technology was invented by vibrocompression of a cement-sand mixture with polymer additives and dyes. Thus, cement-sand tiles were born. Cement-sand or cement (as it is called in the West) tiles due to dyes can be of almost any color. The surface of cement-sand tiles can be smooth or rough. There is a cement-sand tile of standard thickness, and lightweight refined cement-sand tiles are produced. However, thinner tiles have less strength: they can crack when moving along the roof of a person or under the load from snow or falling objects (icicles, tree branches). The service life of cement-sand tiles is significantly less than natural ceramic tiles. If ceramic tiles can last 100-150 years, then cement-sand tiles serve no more than 50 years, and based on Western practical experience of its use - no more than 30-40 years.
Like any tiled roof, a cement-sand tile roof, having many gaps, is not protected from wind blowing and snow and precipitation getting under the roof. Therefore, it is important to properly arrange the underlying waterproofing layer. Over time, the tiles fade and, if necessary, replace the tiles with new ones - such a replacement will be very noticeable. The advantage of cement-sand tiles is its fire safety in comparison with bituminous roofing materials. Such a tile, being properly fixed, resists hurricane winds quite well (due to its large mass - about 50 kg per square meter). Because of their thickness and weight, a tiled roof heats up more slowly in the sun and better protects the house from the summer heat. Also, massive tiled tiles successfully dampen the noise of falling raindrops. High-quality cement-sand tiles, unlike bituminous roofs, do not affect the quality of rainwater, which can be collected for domestic needs. However, fallen leaves can accumulate on roofs of complex shape, moss can begin to grow. The porous structure of concrete contributes to the strengthening of organic forms on the roof. Roofers who constantly cut cement-sand tiles can potentially develop lung silicosis, so the treatment of cement-sand tiles should be done in respiratory protection. By the way, about the newfangled and absolutely useless activity of dropping snow from the roof in winter: you cannot do this activity on cement-tiled roofs - you can damage the tiles. If you want to support guest workers financially: just give them money, and the snow itself will drain from the roof in the form of water in the spring))). There is no physical meaning in dumping snow: the rafter system must be designed to withstand loads of up to 250 kg per square meter of roof (for the Leningrad region).
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| The range of cement-sand tiles includes both the roof tiles themselves and various shaped products for roofing and ventilation of the under-roof space. | Before us is the Frankfurt or double Italian tile produced by Braas. This tile model has been produced for over 60 years. | |
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| For cutting cement-sand tiles, use an angle cut-off saw with a power of approximately 2 kW and a diamond blade for dry cutting heavy concrete with a diameter of 230 mm. The highest productivity and best accuracy is achieved when cutting tiles on a water-cooled machine. Do not cut shingles directly on the roof, as this is not safe for the roofer and may damage the shingles already installed. | To avoid condensation in the insulation of the attic floor, the roof slope design must be ventilated. Modern roof structures require an additional layer of under-roof waterproofing. Depending on the type of material, the ventilation gap under the roof can be double or single. Only multilayer superdiffusion membranes with a vapor permeability of at least 750 - 1000 g / m 2 per day are allowed to be laid directly on the insulation. | |
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| Under the roof, with the help of the crate, air ventilated cavities are formed, which are open for air inflow on the overhang of the cornice and for exhaust - on the ridge. With such a constructive solution, the moisture that has fallen under the roof will drain along the film, and the condensed moisture will be ventilated by the air flow, drying the insulation and the crate. See detailed. | The cross-sectional area of the ventilation gap must be at least 200 cm2/m, and its height must be at least 2 cm. The larger the cross section of the ventilation gap, the better the moisture will be vented from the cover space. The minimum allowable cross section of the bar is 3 x 5 cm. The pitch of the crate is approximately 31-34 cm. | |
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| To protect the ventilation gap from the penetration of rodents and birds, an air element of the roof is used, popularly referred to as "cilia". To remove moisture from the rafters, in the summer the film is laid with a sag of 2 cm. In winter, the sag is not done - the summer expansion of the material will provide it anyway. | When constructing an insulated pitched roof, the sheets of roofing waterproofing are laid with an overlap and may have a special ventilated gasket in the overlap, which facilitates the release of steam from the insulation. From the side of the room, the insulation is carefully insulated with a vapor barrier (better reflective), also with gluing of all seams and joints. | |
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| Cement-sand tiles are laid from bottom to top, from right to left. For convenience, markings of rows of tiles are applied to the crate. The first row of shingles is fastened with galvanized self-tapping screws 5 x 70 mm and anti-wind clamps. | Anti-wind clamp for the first row of cement-sand tiles. On the slopes, the tiles are fastened only with self-tapping screws. | |
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| The recommended section of the rafters is at least 50x150 mm, the pitch of the rafters is 60-90 cm in depending on the calculated load and the length of the rafter legs. If the slope of the roof slope is from 10° to 16°, then under the tiles it is necessary to arrange the lower roof, which guarantees complete protection from water and snow: solid flooring from edged or tongue-and-groove boards, OSB, waterproof plywood, and rolled polymer-bitumen or polymer waterproofing . |
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| Marking and laying tiles on hip and hipped roofs start from the middle of the slopes towards the ridges. First, a vertical row of tiles is laid out in the center of a triangular slope in such a way that so that the top of the medium wave of the tile is strictly along the line of the center of the slope. |
After laying the lower row of tiles, the vertical rows of cement-sand tiles are marked and the tiles are laid in rows from bottom to top from the middle of the slope in the direction of the ridges. There is a special clip on the wire for fastening the cut tiles. | |
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| Ventilation shingles are used to improve the ventilation of the under-roof space in hard-to-ventilate areas where the ventilation gap overlaps, narrows or changes direction. | An example of installing ventilation tiles "to clear one's conscience". Why? Because ventilated skates will do a good job of ventilating the under-roof space. | |
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| Of course, ventilation tiles will not be superfluous in the upper part of the cement-tile roof, but in addition to this location, ventilation tiles must be installed: in the valley area, above and below the dormer windows and chimneys, in the area where the roof directly adjoins the wall. | In the case of a design with a cold attic, the under-roof insulation layer should be interrupted under the ridge and form a ventilation gap of 5-10 cm. This solution is especially relevant for worse-ventilated hip roofs compared to gable roofs. If the under-roof space is insulated, then a superdiffusion membrane is used and it needs to be stretched under the ridge with an overlap and, of course, does not need to be cut through. | |
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| An example of my own mistake with the ventilation of a cold hipped attic. Despite the presence of ventilation windows, moisture still accumulates "under the dome" of the hip and condenses on the films and rafters. As a result, mold growth, even despite the preliminary antiseptic treatment of the rafters. | We correct the mistake: we cut ventilation ducts under the ridge in the under-roof waterproofing: air movement was immediately felt. Then we put on a gas mask, change the sprayer and Neomid mold remover and process the entire roof from the attic side. "Well, work" - I tell you! It was better to read the literature before putting the roof on. | |
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| Ventilated skates are mounted on beams on steel supports. The ridge beam must have a cross section of at least 5 x 5 cm and be fixed in the holders with galvanized nails 2.5 x 25 mm (4 nails for each fastener). | Roofing films are laid over the overhang apron or drip (cornice strip) with an overlap of at least 10 cm. | |
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| Quite often, they forget about the ventilation of the eaves of the roof. Meanwhile, the ventilation cross section of the vents should be at least 200 cm 2 per 1 running meter of the eaves. | Air elements are placed under ventilated skates to allow air to escape and protect against the ingress of birds and debris. | |
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| The waterproofing of the pipe on the roof is carried out using Wakaflex material and Waka clamping strips. The junction of the strips to the pipe is closed with a synthetic rubber sealant. | Cut the waterproofing film with pass at least 10 cm to overlap the pipe. On the slope above the pipe, be sure to follow film drainage groove. |
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