Cyclone for collecting dust with your own hands. Homemade construction cyclone vacuum cleaner. DIY manufacturing
Recently, I have become interested in working with wood and the question of removing chips and sawdust has become very acute. So far, the issue of cleaning the workplace is being solved with a home vacuum cleaner, but it quickly clogs and stops sucking. You have to shake out the bag often. In search of a solution to the problem, I reviewed many pages on the Internet and found something. As it turned out, quite workable dust collectors can be made from improvised materials.
Mini vacuum cleaner from a plastic bottle
Here is another mini venturi vacuum cleaner idea
such a vacuum cleaner works from forced air.
Venturi effect
The Venturi effect is the drop in pressure when a liquid or gas flows through a constricted portion of a pipe. This effect is named after the Italian physicist Giovanni Venturi (1746–1822).
Rationale
The Venturi effect is a consequence of the Bernoulli law, which corresponds to the Bernoulli equation, which determines the relationship between the speed v liquid, pressure p in it and height h, on which the considered fluid element is located, above the reference level:
where is the density of the liquid, and is the free fall acceleration.
If the Bernoulli equation is written for two flow sections, then we will have:
For a horizontal flow, the middle terms on the left and right sides of the equation are equal to each other, and therefore cancel, and the equality takes the form:
that is, with a steady horizontal flow of an ideal incompressible fluid in each of its sections, the sum of the piezometric and dynamic pressures will be constant. To fulfill this condition, in those places of the flow where the average fluid velocity is higher (that is, in narrow sections), its dynamic head increases, and the hydrostatic head decreases (and hence the pressure decreases).
ApplicationThe Venturi effect is observed or used in the following objects:
- in hydraulic jet pumps, in particular in tankers for products of the oil and chemical industries;
- in burners that mix air and combustible gases in a grill, gas stove, Bunsen burner and airbrushes;
- in Venturi tubes - narrowing elements of Venturi flowmeters;
- in Venturi flowmeters;
- in water aspirators of the ejector type, which create small vacuums using the kinetic energy of tap water;
- atomizers (sprayers) for spraying paint, water or air aromatization.
- carburetors, where the Venturi effect is used to draw gasoline into the inlet air stream of an internal combustion engine;
- in automated swimming pool cleaners that use water pressure to pick up sediment and debris;
- in oxygen masks for oxygen therapy, etc.
And now let's look at the samples that can take their rightful place in the workshop.
Ideally, I would like to get something similar to a cyclone filter, but from improvised materials:
Homemade chip separator.
The principle is the same, but made much simpler:
But this option I liked the most, as it is a reduced analogue of an industrial cyclone:
ch1
Since I don’t have a traffic cone, I decided to stop at just such a structure, assembled from plastic sewer pipes. A definite plus is the availability and cheapness of the material for assembling the structure:
Homemade cyclone from plastic sewer pipes
Please pay attention to the mistake that the master made. The garbage collection pipe should be located like this:
In this case, the desired vortex will be created.
The following video shows a similar design in action:
And finally, a slightly modified version:
Cyclone-type plants are used in industry for the purification of gases and liquids. The principle of the filter is based on the physical laws of inertia and gravity. Air (water) is sucked out of the device through the upper part of the filter. A vortex flow is created in the filter. As a result, the contaminated product enters the filter through the nozzle located on the side of the upper part. Since the debris particles are heavier, they settle at the bottom of the filter, and the cleaned product is discharged through the top. It is such a filter, made for the workshop, that we will consider today together with the author of the homemade product.
Tools and materials:
Waste bin 76 l;
Plywood;
Polycarbonate;
plastic pipe;
Coupling;
fasteners;
Masking tape:
Manual frezer;
Electric jigsaw;
Drill;
Glue gun;
band saw machine;
Sander.
Then, using a band saw, cut out a circle with a diameter of 40 cm from the lid.
The place of the cut is glued, polished.
In a circle with a diameter of 40 cm, which remained from cutting out the bottom cover, cut out the middle according to the diameter of the plastic pipe. This blank will be installed at the top of the device.
For the side wall, the author used transparent polycarbonate. This will allow you to control the operation of the filter and the filling of the trash can. Having rolled up a polycarbonate cylinder, inserted it into the inner hole of the bottom cover. Marked and cut along the joint. I received a cylinder with a diameter of 40 cm and a height of 15 cm.
Inserting a polycarbonate cylinder into the inner ring of the bottom cover, drill holes in 10 cm increments. Fixes the cylinder with self-tapping screws. Whatever crush the polycarbonate, the lower part of the screws must be flat.
The top cover is inserted into the other part of the cylinder. Fixes with tape. Having drilled holes, fastens the polycarbonate with self-tapping screws.
jpg 
For the inlet and outlet, the author used a plastic pipe with a diameter of 7.6 cm, as well as two couplings for it.
First, make an inlet. Cuts off a piece of 23 cm from the pipe. Cuts the coupling in half. A rectangle is cut out of plywood with sides 12.5 and 15 cm. In the middle, cuts a hole 8.9 cm (outer diameter of the coupling). Having inserted a pipe into the hole, it fixes it with a coupling on both sides. Seals the seam with hot glue.
A cut piece measuring 12.5 by 20 cm is screwed to the side wall of the rectangle (12.5 cm).
Then the author cuts the pipe and plywood in such a way that the curvature of the cut coincides with the curvature of the cylinder.
1
Having attached the structure to the installation site, he makes measurements for the manufacture of a vertical support. Cut it out and attach it to the body. Fastens where the seam of the cylinder goes, thus closing it.
Marks on the polycarbonate the location of the inlet cutout. Cut it out with a drill.
Installs the inlet pipe into the hole, fixes it. The seam is sealed with hot glue.
Next, he makes an outlet pipe. Cuts off a piece of pipe 15 cm. Inserts it into the hole in the top cover. Fits a clutch on both sides. Treated with hot glue.
The author made the lower screen from MDF. Screen size 46 cm in diameter, thickness 3 mm. At a distance of 5 cm from the edge draws a circle. Measures an angle of 120 degrees. Trims the strip between the sides of the corner. Screws the screen to the bottom cover in such a way that the cutout starts immediately after the inlet pipe.
Very often, after repair and construction work, there is a lot of debris and dust that can only be removed with a powerful vacuum cleaner. Since a conventional home appliance is not suitable for these purposes, a filter is used for which it can also be homemade. How to make a cyclone for a vacuum cleaner with your own hands, so that the unit can effectively cope with the cleaning of construction dust?
Those whose work is constantly connected with repair, construction and carpentry, know firsthand the problem of cleaning the premises after the completion of direct work. Construction wood dust, crumbling plaster, the smallest grains of foam plastic and drywall usually settle in a dense layer on all horizontal surfaces of the room. It is not always possible to wipe such a disgrace by hand or sweep it with a broom, because with a large area of \u200b\u200bthe room, such cleaning will take a long time. Wet cleaning is also often impractical: a mixture of water and thick dust is even more difficult to wipe off.
In this case, the optimal solution is vacuum cleaner application. The standard vacuum cleaner that we are used to using in everyday life will not work. Firstly, due to the large amount of debris, the dust collector will instantly become clogged, and you will need to clean it at least once every 15-20 minutes. Secondly, the ingress of large particles, such as splinters, sawdust or wood chips, can cause clogging or a complete malfunction of the device.
A construction vacuum cleaner has a much higher vacuum than a household one. The features of its engine ensure long-term operation, and the presence of a long hose (3-4 m or more) allows you to clean a large area.
However, industrial and construction vacuum cleaners are large, not very convenient to use, clean and move, and not affordable for everyone. Therefore, many craftsmen increase the capabilities of a household vacuum cleaner by supplying it with a special cyclone filter. Such dust collectors can be bought both in finished form, and you can assemble your own version yourself.
We make a cyclone ourselves
On the worldwide web, you can find many detailed diagrams and drawings of cyclones. Let's give an example of making a simple filter that can be assembled at home with the necessary materials, patience and a little skill. For work you will need:
- Any oil filter for small debris (you can buy these at auto supply stores).
- 20-25 l container with tightly screwed lid.
- Polypropylene elbow with 45° and 90° angles.
- The pipe is about a meter long.
- Corrugated hose 2 meters long.
- Make a hole in the lid of the main container. The width of the hole is adapted to the polypropylene elbow with an angle of 90°.
- Seal existing gaps with sealant.
- On the side wall of the container, make another hole and attach a 45° angle.
- Connect the corrugated hose and elbow with a pipe. Tilt the outlet hose towards the bottom so that air with debris is directed along the required path.
- On the filter, you can put on a material made of nylon or other permeable fabric in a fine mesh. This will prevent large particles from entering the filter.
- Next, connect the elbow on the cover and the filter outlet.
Of course, this is only a brief and approximate scheme for creating a cyclone. We present to your attention a video where, in detail and with a good example, it is shown how to make a filter from improvised materials.
We check the made filter for tightness, as well as for suction quality. Garbage should be collected at the bottom of the tank or settle on the walls.
If everything is assembled correctly, suction will occur efficiently and at high speed.
The creator of the cyclone vacuum cleaner was physicist James Dyson. It was he who first developed a compact dust separator (or filter) that operates on the principle of centrifugal force. He established a patent for his invention, the G-Force brand vacuum cleaner, in 1986. Later, in the early 90s, Dyson launched the "Dayson DC01" model, which entered the world market. What was the success of this technological innovation?
The cyclone filter is a unit of two chambers: external and internal. Under the influence of centrifugal force, all elements entering the vacuum cleaner (dust, debris, chips, etc.) begin to spiral. That is why the cyclone filter for a universal vacuum cleaner has the shape of a cone: the dust in it is spinning, as if in a funnel. In this case, large particles of debris settle in the first, outer chamber, while small particles remain on the inside. Thus, thoroughly purified air exits the vacuum cleaner through the upper opening.
Filter advantages:
- There is no need for containers and disposable dust bags and their endless replacement.
- Compactness.
- Silent operation.
- If the filter housing is transparent, you can control its contamination.
- High efficiency.
A vacuum cleaner with a similar filter is quite versatile, and is suitable for both home use and industrial premises.
Having built a cyclone filter with your own hands, you can easily make and.
If a person has his own workshop, then one of the most important issues is cleaning the premises. But unlike dusting in an apartment, an ordinary household vacuum cleaner will not help here, since it is not designed for construction waste and sawdust - its garbage tank (dust collector or bag) will clog very quickly and become unusable. Therefore, a home-made cyclone filter is often used, which, together with a household vacuum cleaner, will help clean the workshop.
Introduction
Wood dust and other technical debris, although it seems harmless at first glance, in fact, they are fraught with many different dangers, both for the master and for the equipment. For example, prolonged work without protective equipment that prevents dust from entering the respiratory system can cause serious complications with the respiratory tract, worsen the sense of smell, etc. In addition, tools that are in the workshop under the influence of dust can quickly fail. This happens because:
- dust, mixed with the lubricant inside the tool, forms a mixture that is completely unsuitable for lubricating moving parts, resulting in overheating and further breakage
- dust can impede the rotation of the moving parts of the tool, which leads to additional loads, overheating and failure,
- dust clogs the air ducts designed to ventilate the heated parts of the tool and remove heat from them, as a result of overheating, deformation and failure again.
Thus, the issue of the quality of removal of sawing products and, in general, cleaning of the premises is very acute. Modern power tools are equipped with systems for removing dust and chips directly from the sawing area, which does not allow dust to spread throughout the workshop. In any case, a vacuum cleaner (or chip blower) is needed for the dust removal process!
There are good industrial vacuum cleaners, and if possible, it is better to choose the best option for price and quality and buy a construction vacuum cleaner.
However, there are times when you already have a household vacuum cleaner and it is easier to upgrade it and solve the problem of collecting construction waste in the room. To do this, you need to use a cyclone filter - it is done in half an hour with all the necessary elements.
Principle of operation
There are a great many different designs of cyclones, but all of them are united by the same principle of operation. All designs of cyclone chip blowers consist of three main parts:
- household vacuum cleaner
- Cyclone filter
- Waste container
Its design is such that the flow of intake air is directed in a circle and its rotational movement is obtained. Accordingly, the construction debris contained in this air stream (these are large and heavy fractions) is affected by centrifugal force, which presses it against the walls of the cyclone chamber and, under the action of gravity, it gradually settles in the tank.
The disadvantage of a cyclone vacuum cleaner is that only dry garbage can be collected in this way, but if there is water in the garbage, then there will be problems when sucking such a substance.
The vacuum cleaner must be powerful enough, since in its normal operation it is supposed to suck air through a standard hose. In the case of using an additional cyclone filter, an additional filter appears in the air path, and the total length of the duct is more than doubled due to the additional duct. Since the design turns out to be as maneuverable as a separate vacuum cleaner, the length of the last hose must be sufficient for comfortable work.
Preparatory work
As mentioned above, you can make a cyclone filter for a workshop in half an hour, but for this you need to check the availability of everything necessary for the production of a chip blower with your own hands, namely: tools, materials and consumables.
Instruments
The following tools will be needed to carry out the work:
- electric drill,
- screwdriver,
- jigsaw,
- compass,
- clamps,
- crosshead screwdriver,
- pencil,
- on wood (50-60mm),
- kit .
Materials and fasteners
Materials can be used both new and used, so carefully review the list below - you may already have something in stock;
- The air duct (hose) for the vacuum cleaner is corrugated or in a textile braid.
- A sewer pipe with a diameter of 50 mm and a length of 100-150 mm, at one end of which the air duct of your household vacuum cleaner should be inserted.
- Sewer outlet 30 or 45 degrees, 100–200 mm long, at one end of which the air duct specified in paragraph 1 will be inserted in the future.
- Bucket ("large") plastic 11-26 liters with a hermetically sealed lid.
- Bucket ("small") plastic 5-11 liters. Note. It is important that the difference between the two maximum bucket diameters is approximately 60–70 mm.
- Sheet 15–20 mm thick. Note. The sheet size must be greater than the maximum diameter of the Big Bucket.
- Self-tapping screws for wood with a flat wide head and a length of 2/3 of the thickness.
- Gel sealant universal.
Table of standard sizes of round plastic buckets.
| Volume, l | Cover diameter, mm | Height, mm |
| 1,0 | 125 | 115 |
| 1,2 | 132 | 132 |
| 2,2 | 160 | 150 |
| 2,3 | 175 | 133 |
| 2,6 | 200 | 124 |
| 3,0 | 200 | 139 |
| 3,4 | 200 | 155 |
| 3,8 | 200 | 177 |
| 3,8 | 200 | 177 |
| 5,0 | 225 | 195 |
| 11 | 292 | 223 |
| 18 | 326 | 275 |
| 21 | 326 | 332 |
| 26 | 380 | 325 |
| 33 | 380 | 389 |
Making a cyclone filter
Creating a homemade chip blower consists of a number of steps:
- Creating a retaining ring and curly insert
- Retaining ring installation
- Installing the side pipe
- Setting the top entry
- Curly insert installation
- Assembling the cyclone filter
Creating a retaining ring and curly insert
It is necessary to cut off the side of the small bucket, which is used to attach the lid. As a result, you should get such a cylinder (well, a little on a cone).
We make the markup - put a small bucket on and draw a line along the edge - we get a circle.
Then we determine the center of this circle (see the school geometry course) and mark out another circle, the radius of which is 30 mm larger than the existing one. Then we mark the ring and the curly insert, as shown in the figure.
Retaining ring installation
We fix the ring on the edge of the small bucket so that we get a rim. Fastening is done with self-tapping screws. It is advisable to pre-drill the holes so as not to split.
We mark the roof of a large bucket. For marking, you need to put the bucket itself on the lid of a large bucket and circle its outline. Marking is best done with a felt-tip pen, as the trace is clearly visible.
It is important to note that all connections must be airtight, respectively, before installing the cover, the connection must be smeared with sealant. You also need to smear the junction of the wooden ring and the small bucket.
Installing the side pipe
The side pipe is made from a sewer outlet of 30 degrees (or 45 degrees). To install it, you need to drill a hole in the top of the small bucket with a crown. Note that the bottom of the small bucket is now the top.
Setting the top entry
To make the top entry, you need to drill a hole in the upper part of the chip cutter (small bucket), that is, in the center of the former bottom.
For a strong fixation of the inlet pipe, it is necessary to use an additional strength element in the form of a square blank made of 20 mm thick with a central hole for a 50 mm pipe.
This workpiece is fastened from below with four self-tapping screws. Before installation, for tightness, the joint must be smeared with sealant.
Curly insert installation
The shaped insert is a very important component of a homemade chip blower, it must be fixed inside the cyclone filter, as shown in the photo.
Assembling the cyclone filter
Then you need to connect the air ducts correctly:
- Upper nozzle - to a household vacuum cleaner
- Angled elbow entering from the side at an angle - to the hose.
Homemade cyclone vacuum cleaner (chip blower) is ready.
Video
Video for this review:
A home vacuum cleaner is so familiar to the household that no one thinks about the principle of its operation. Since the invention of this cleaning assistant, the only possible way to separate dust from clean air has been used - a filter.
Over the years, the filter element has been improved, from a banal bag of dense tarpaulin, it has turned into high-tech membranes that hold the smallest particles of debris. At the same time, it was not possible to get rid of the main drawback.
Filter makers are constantly looking for a compromise between cell density and air throughput. In addition, the dirtier the membrane, the worse the air flow through it.
30 years ago, physicist James Dyson made a breakthrough in dust collection technology.
He invented a compact dust separator that works on the principle of centrifugal force. Needless to say, this idea was not new. Industrial sawmills have been using centrifugal scorch and chip accumulators of the "cyclone" type for a long time.
But no one guessed to apply this physical phenomenon in everyday life. In 1986, he registered a patent for the first cyclone type vacuum cleaner, called G-Force.
In general, there are three ways to separate dust from clean air:
- filter membrane. The most massive and cheapest way to remove dust. Used in most modern vacuum cleaners;
- Water filter. Air with garbage passes through a container of water (like in a hookah), all particles remain in a liquid medium, and a perfectly clean air stream enters the outlet. Such devices have gained popularity, but their use has not become widespread due to the high cost.
- Centrifugal dry cleaning filter of the "cyclone" type. It is a compromise in terms of cost and quality of cleaning in comparison with a membrane and a water filter. Let's take a closer look at this model.
The principle of operation of the cyclone
The illustration shows the processes taking place in the cyclone filter chamber.
Polluted air enters the cylindrical filter housing (2) through the pipe (1). The branch pipe is located tangentially to the walls of the housing, due to which the air flow (3) is twisted into a spiral along the walls of the cylinder.
Under the action of centrifugal force, dust particles (4) are pressed against the inner walls of the housing, and under the influence of gravity, they settle into the dust collector (5). Air with the smallest debris particles (which are not affected by centrifugal force) enters the chamber (6) with a conventional membrane filter. After the final cleaning, they exit to the intake fan (7).
The membrane filter is minimally contaminated and only needs to be cleaned occasionally after cleaning. All the dirt is simply poured out of the drive, and the vacuum cleaner is ready to work again.
Vacuum cleaners with such a filter are cheaper than water ones, but still more expensive than membrane ones. Therefore, many craftsmen make a cyclone-type filter with their own hands, and connect it to the entrance to a conventional vacuum cleaner.