Report on the topic “Crop production. Presentation on the world around "plant growing in our region" I. Organizational moment, communication of the topic and objectives of the lesson
Topic: PLANT PRODUCTION IN OUR REGION
The objectives of the lesson: to form students' ideas about crop production in our region, to introduce the branches of crop production, to expand knowledge about plants, to develop cognitive interest, the ability to observe and use their observations in practical activities; to cultivate a careful attitude to bread, the work of parents.
Equipment: herbarium of field crops, models of vegetables and fruits, handouts for the survey, presentation "Crop production in our region."
During the classes:
I. Organizational moment. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Today we will learn how cultivated plants appeared, what cultivated plants are grown in our region, get acquainted with the branches of crop production, and learn to distinguish field crops according to their characteristic features.
II. Checking homework.
one). The work of students on the cards "Forest, meadow, reservoir - natural communities" (attached)
2). Class work.
Slides captions:
Crop production in our region Cultivated plants A lesson on the world around us in grade 4 Development of a primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 37 x. Krikuna SURNEVOY Natalya Aleksandrovna
Agriculture is an integral part, or branch, of the economy. Part of agriculture is crop production - the cultivation of cultivated plants. Crop production is the science of breeding cultivated agricultural plants, as well as such breeding itself. (S.I. Ozhegov "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language")
Plant growing I. Farming II. Vegetable growing III. Fruit growing IV. Floriculture
Field farming is the cultivation of field crops: Wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, sunflower, flax, sugar beet, fodder beet, alfalfa
Grain crops are the most important group of cultivated plants that provide grain, the main human food product, raw materials for many industries and feed for farm animals Wheat, rye, oats, barley, millet, corn, buckwheat, rice
CEREALS barley wheat
CEREALS rice corn
FIELD CROPS POTATOES SUNFLOWER
I. Farming What do tractor drivers do to grow wheat? Tractor drivers, in order to grow wheat, plow with a plow and loosen the ground with harrows.
Tractor drivers sow grain and remove weeds from the field.
The agronomist will tell the tractor drivers what to sow, when to sow, where to sow, whether it is time to water the land, what fertilizers to feed.
After the wheat has grown, who removes it from the field? Combiners remove it from the field, and drivers help them.
People grow crops not only to get food, but also to provide food for their pets.
Forage crops Clover Fodder beet
Harvesting fodder beets.
Industrial crops These crops include: sunflower, flax, cotton.
II. Vegetable growing Vegetable growing is the cultivation of vegetable crops. There are a lot of them. They are rich in vitamins, various salts and other healthy substances.
Vegetable crops Some vegetables - onions, garlic - contain phytoncides. They kill pathogenic bacteria.
Solve the riddle. It grows on the ground, is removed by winter. The head looks like an onion. If you only chew Even a small slice - It will smell for a very long time.
Tomatoes I grow in the garden. And when I ripen, they boil a tomato out of me, they put it in cabbage soup, and so they eat it.
III. fruit growing
FRUIT-GROWING is the cultivation of fruit crops
Fruits are very beneficial for human health. Besides, they are very tasty!
IV. Floriculture
Floriculture is the cultivation of flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises.
Agriculture is represented by two major branches - crop production and animal husbandry. Crop production is a very ancient industry. A few millennia ago, Quechua Indians grew potatoes on the slopes of the Andes. Rice was first processed in China 9400 years ago.
Plant growing is a branch of agriculture engaged in the cultivation of cultivated plants, one of the core sectors of the Russian economy, actively supplying Russians with food. More than half of our food comes from crop production.
At the origins of crop production, of course, were people. They noticed that the seeds of some plants that fell into the soil germinated and produced a crop. Gradually, people realized that in order to get a rich harvest, they need selected seeds, fertile soils, and good watering.
Conclusion: without human labor, the development of such an industry as crop production would not have happened.
Crop production is the most important supplier of feed for livestock and a supplier of raw materials for a number of industries - food, perfumery, pharmaceuticals, textiles, as well as for ornamental horticulture.
Cultivation is also a major sector in the labor market and is of key importance in rural areas.
The branches of crop production are as follows:
- vegetable growing,
- farming,
- gardening,
- forestry,
- grassland,
- melon growing,
- floriculture,
- other.
Where is crop production most developed in Russia?
To obtain high and sustainable yields, crops must be grown in certain natural climatic conditions. The duration of the growing season, the requirements for heat, light, soil composition, and the amount of precipitation are different for different plants. In this regard, the boundaries of the distribution of agricultural crops are not the same.
In other words, in order to get a good harvest of watermelons under the open sky, you need long-term warmth, a lot of light, a certain humidity, and a significant duration of the frost-free period. All this is in the southern regions of Russia, but not in the Urals or Siberia.
Conclusion: natural factors have the greatest influence on the location of crop production sectors.
In general, taking into account climatic features, crop production is widespread in our country almost everywhere, with the exception of permafrost areas.
Feature
A characteristic feature of agriculture, and in particular its branch of crop production, is its seasonality, which leads to an irregular use of labor during the year and an uneven flow of products and uneven profits. In terms of yield, the most important seasons are summer and autumn.
The main field crops of the plant growing industry:
– grain crops (buckwheat, rye, wheat, oats, corn, barley),
- leguminous crops (peas, lentils, beans, beans),
- root crops (carrots, sugar beets, turnips),
– industrial crops (potato, sunflower, mustard),
– spinning crops (flax, cotton),
- medicinal plants and others.
The central role in the organization of a rational system of crop production belongs to the material and technical base. This is a complex of machines and equipment for system mechanization, production automation, tools, and other means of production.
The technological basis of crop production is the farming system. Mother Earth will give birth, and she needs appropriate care. On poor land, the harvest will be poor.
The system of agriculture includes: seed production system, fertilizer systems, water regime regulation system, plant protection system from diseases and pests, machine system. As well as soil protection, environmental protection.
Successfully working in a complex, all systems related to crop production lead to the development of this industry.
1. Complete tasks for group work.
1) Field farming.
a) Write down the definition. Crop farming is the cultivation of field crops.
b) Give examples of field crops grown in your area.
wheat, rye, oats, corn, buckwheat, potatoes, flax, sunflower
2) Vegetable growing.
a) Write down the definition. Vegetable farming is the cultivation of vegetable crops.
b) Give examples of vegetable crops grown in your area.
cabbage, carrots, onions, garlic, tomatoes, cucumbers
3) Fruit growing.
a) Write down the definition. fruit growing - is the cultivation of fruit crops.
b) Give examples of fruit crops grown in your area.
apple trees, pears, strawberries, cherries, plums
4) Floriculture.
a) Write down the definition. Floriculture - is the cultivation of flower crops.
b) Give examples of flower crops grown in your area.
chrysanthemums, asters, peonies, roses, hyacinths, gladioli
2. The wise turtle wants to know if you can classify cultivated plants. Show with arrows which groups the plants shown in the figure belong to. Ask a classmate or teacher to check your work.
3. Cross out the extra word in each row.
a) wheat, rye, carrot, barley - carrots are a vegetable, and everything else is field crops.
b) Tomato, cabbage, onion, plum - plum is a fruit crop, and everything else is a vegetable.
c) apple tree corn, cherry, apricot - corn is a field crop, and everything else refers to fruit crops.
G) Cucumber, peony, lily, narcissus Cucumber is a vegetable, everything else is a flower.
Explain your decisions (orally). Think of a similar task for classmates with other examples. Write it down.
- strawberry, currant, radish, cherry
- onions, carrots, tomatoes, rye
- tulip, barley, wheat, oats
Listen and evaluate the answers of your classmates.
4. As instructed by the textbook (p. 193), observe the spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden. Do the necessary work yourself. Write a short report about what you saw and did. You can draw or paste a photo.
This spring, I helped my grandmother plant onions in her garden. It was very interesting.
First we took a shovel and dug up the ground under the bed. Then we leveled the ground with a rake and formed a rectangular bed.
Then the grandmother took a stick and drew straight longitudinal grooves on the bed. It was in these grooves that we began to plant small bulbs, which my grandmother called “onion sets”.
Grandmother said that all the bulbs should be at an equal distance from each other. We deepened them a little into the ground and made sure that the root was always at the bottom, and the tail with a green seedling at the top.
Then we sprinkled the planted bulbs with earth and watered them well from a watering can. I hope our bulbs will germinate quickly and we will use them for cooking all winter.
Lesson type: combined
Target
- the formation of a holistic picture of the world and the awareness of a person's place in it on the basis of the unity of rational-scientific knowledge and the child's emotional and valuable understanding of personal experience of communication with people and nature;
Characteristics of students' activities
Understand learning objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.
Reveal dependence of crop production in the region on natural conditions. Work in a group: get to know each other based on the materials of the textbook and local history literature from one of the branches of crop production, Cook messages. Practical work: determine with the help of illustrations of the textbook field cultures in the herbarium; making a difference grain crops and varieties of cultivated plants. Formulate conclusions from the studied material, respond for final questions and evaluate achievement in the classroom.
Planned results
subject
Know
Be able to comply with the rules for the care of cultivated plants.
Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. communicative)
P. - pose and formulate problems.
To carry out the analysis of objects with the allocation of essential and non-essential features. Build oral messages. Establish cause and effect relationships.
R. - make the necessary adjustments to the action after its completion based on its assessment and taking into account the nature of the mistakes made, use suggestions and assessments to create a new, more perfect result.
K.- argue your position and coordinate it with the positions of partners
Personal Outcomes
A feeling of love for one's land, expressed in interest in its nature.
Skills of cooperation in different situations, the ability not to create conflicts and find a way out of controversial situations.
Basic concepts and definitions
names of branches of crop production of our region.
Preparing for the assimilation of new material
We learn about the work of plant growers in our region. We will learn to distinguish between the branches of crop production, to correlate varieties of cultivated plants with them
Remember what sectors agriculture is divided into. What crops are grown in your area?
Try to explain what "varieties of cultivated plants" are. Where did they come from?
With the help of a textbook, establish which branches crop production is divided into.
What are the features of crop production in your region? This can be found in local history literature. Think about how these features are related to the natural conditions of the region.
Learning new material
VARIETIES OF CULTIVATED PLANTS
Roses of different varieties
Once upon a time there were no cultivated plants on Earth. There were only wild ones.
A man began to grow some of them near his home. People selected, preserved, propagated the best of these plants. Thus, cultivated plants gradually arose - they acquired the properties necessary for man.
Man has bred a variety of varieties of cultivated plants. Many of them bear little resemblance to the wild plants from which they originate. Breeding of new varieties continues.
Now in the world there are only about 1,000 varieties of onion, 1,500 gooseberries, 2,000 plums, 5,000 pears, and at least 10,000 varieties of apple trees!
PLANT INDUSTRIES
Crop production is divided into several main branches: field cultivation, vegetable growing, fruit growing, floriculture.
In each region, crop production has its own characteristics, which depend on the natural conditions of the region.
Comprehension and understanding of the acquired knowledge
Choose one of the branches of crop production. Get to know her in the textbook and local history literature.
Complete the tasks in the workbook related to this industry. Present the results of your work to the class. With the whole class, summarize the information about crop production in your area.
field farming
Practical work
Consider field crops in your area in the herbarium. Determine their names with the help of a picture. Compare them to each other. By what signs can these plants be distinguished?
2. Learn to distinguish grains of wheat, rye, oats and other grains
field farming is the cultivation field crops. The main field crops are cereals. These include wheat, rye, oats, barley, pro-so, corn, buckwheat.
White bread is baked from wheat flour, black bread from rye flour. Oatmeal is made from oats. Barley gives pearl barley, millet - millet groats (millet), buckwheat - buckwheat groats.
Corn for grain is grown in the southern regions (it is a heat-loving crop). In the more northerly regions, corn grain does not ripen, so here silage is obtained from it.
Other field crops - potatoes, sunflower, flax.
You know that people use potato tubers for food. They also go to feed pets. And in factories, starch is obtained from potato tubers. From sunflower seeds, sunflower oil is obtained, and from flax, flax fiber for making fabrics.
vegetable growing
Vegetable farming is the cultivation vegetable crops. There are many of them: cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, cucumbers, onions ... Continue this list orally.
Grow vegetables in the field, in the garden, in greenhouses. Vegetable growers call the field and vegetable garden open ground, greenhouses - protected ground. Many vegetable farms have entire towns of greenhouses in which you can harvest all year round. 
Vegetables play a very important role in human nutrition. They are rich in vitamins, various salts and other healthy substances. Some vegetables - onions, garlic - contain phytoncides.
fruit growing
Horticulture is the cultivation of fruit crops. So it is customary to call plants that are grown to produce fruits. The most common in our country are apple, pear, cherry, plum, currant, strawberry, raspberry, gooseberry.
You know well that fruits are very beneficial for human health. In addition, they are also very tasty!
Floriculture
Floriculture is cultivation flower crops. They are grown to decorate parks, squares, gardens, various premises, to obtain cut flowers. Some plants are grown in open ground, others - in greenhouses, greenhouses, rooms.
People began to engage in floriculture in deep antiquity. Interestingly, peonies, lilies, irises, and tulips were already grown in the garden of the Moscow Kremlin in the 16th-17th centuries. And in the 18th century, in 1704, a wonderful garden with beautiful flower beds was created in St. Petersburg - the Summer Garden. It is still a decoration of the city.
The world of flowers is amazingly diverse. And all of them delight people with their beauty, make a person's life happier.
Tulips Dahlias
check yourself
1. List the branches of crop production known to you. 2. What field, vegetable, fruit, flower crops are grown in your region? 3. What new, interesting things did you manage to learn in the lesson about agriculture?
Conclusion
Field growing, vegetable growing, horticulture, and floriculture are all branches of plant growing. In each region, crop production has features that depend on the natural conditions of this region.
Homework assignments
1. Write down in the dictionary the names of the branches of plant growing that are developed in your region.
2. If you live in the countryside, watch the spring work in the field, in the garden, in the garden. Take photos. Find out from adults what work has already been done and what remains to be done. Help adults in the work of growing plants. Prepare to tell the class what you have learned and done.