White brick house, very cold, how to insulate? Features of insulating a brick house from the inside How to insulate a garden house made of silicate brick

Reliable thermal insulation contributes to the reduction of heat loss and the creation of comfortable conditions in a brick structure. Insulation of a house made of silicate brick is necessary and this is due to the instability of the material to moisture. Additional thermal insulation corrects this shortcoming. Insulation is chosen depending on the type of brick and type of masonry.

What is insulated?

Moisture absorption and moisture permeability of structures in silicate brick buildings is eliminated by their insulation. In addition, thermal insulation keeps the house warm in winter and cool in summer. Wall insulation depends on them. There are two types of insulation:

from within;
outside.

Internal insulation of structures in sand-lime brick houses is rarely done, since the dew point shifts inward, which contributes to the formation of condensate on the walls and requires the installation of an effective ventilation system. In addition, slopes, floor and ceiling will need to be insulated. Insulation can be basalt fiber slabs and foam glass.

To insulate the walls from the inside, only environmentally friendly materials with low flammability are used to avoid the release of harmful substances into the room.

Outside, the house can be insulated with foam.

Outside, silicate brick is insulated using the following materials:

mineral wool;
Styrofoam;
polyurethane;
expanded polystyrene.

Material calculation

To effectively insulate the house and avoid moving the dew point inward, you need the correct calculation of the thickness of the insulation. The thickness of the material depends on its thermal resistance. The average indicator of this value for walls in private and multi-storey buildings should be at least 3.5. The layer of material for insulation will be the thicker, the lower the thermal resistance of the wall. The calculation is performed according to the formula: R=d/k, where d is the thickness of the material, k is the thermal conductivity coefficient. The k exponents are a constant value and are given in the table.

For polyurethane foam, you need to calculate the thickness of the insulation.

For example, the thickness of a layer of polyurethane foam is calculated to insulate a structure made of silicate brick with a thickness of 0.5 m. First, the thermal resistance of the wall is determined: R = 0.5 / 0.7 = 0.71. This indicator is calculated for polyurethane foam: R (p) \u003d 3.5-0.71 \u003d 2.79. The insulation layer is found by the formula: d \u003d R (p) x k \u003d 2.79 × 0.02 \u003d 0.0558 m. Thus, the polyurethane foam layer must be at least 55 mm.

Brick is a durable and non-combustible material, it can withstand high loads and is used in the construction of buildings of various heights. The main disadvantage of such a house is the high thermal conductivity of the walls. You can solve the problem by increasing the thickness of the brickwork or by insulating the building from the outside.

Insulation of brick walls is divided into three types: external, internal and intra-wall. The latter option involves the construction of a building with well masonry and the placement of a heat insulator at the construction stage.

Internal insulation takes away the usable area of the premises, it provokes the dampness of the walls and is not effective enough. Its advantage is the ability to perform work at any convenient time and the low cost of materials. If you have a choice, you should give preference to external thermal insulation.

Among its advantages:

The walls are protected from external influences, so they will last a long time.
Significant reduction in heating costs.
The opportunity to create the architectural design of the house to your liking.
Absence of moisture, mold and fungus on the surface of the walls.

The main characteristics of thermal insulation materials

In order for the protection of brick walls to be reliable and durable, the materials used must have characteristics that allow them to withstand precipitation, wind, frost and heat.

The water absorption coefficient is a characteristic of a product that shows how much moisture it can absorb. It is better to choose a material with a low rate.
The coefficient of thermal conductivity is the main criterion in the study of insulation. It shows the amount of heated air lost in 1 hour per sq. m of material having a thickness of 1 m. This indicator is guided when choosing the thickness of the insulation layer. The best products according to this criterion are polystyrene and mineral wool.
Combustibility - determines how dangerous the material is in a fire. Products are divided into four cash registers according to this characteristic, it is better to give preference to G1, which go out without an open flame. Expanded polystyrene boards are prone to fire, using them for sheathing, choose with the marking "C", meaning self-extinguishing.
Density determines the amount of additional weight on the structure - the lower the indicator, the lighter the material.
The level of sound insulation indicates the possibilities for reducing penetrating noise. All popular heat insulators have this quality to a sufficient extent.
Environmental friendliness - the criterion determines the safety of the insulation for health. For exterior decoration, it is not critical, but natural materials are preferable to synthetic ones.
The complexity of installation - if the work is done by one's own hands, it is necessary to choose a simple and understandable technology for laying thermal insulation.

The list of popular materials for cladding a house outside includes a few products:

Styrofoam;
extruded polystyrene foam;
mineral wool;
warm plaster.

They have a different composition, cost and installation features. Let's consider each material in detail.

Styrofoam - plates made of expanded polystyrene, which is a cell with gas. This structure provides low thermal conductivity of 0.032-0.039, good sound insulation and light weight. The foam density is 35-50 kg / m3, the recommended layer thickness is 10 cm. The material is able to absorb moisture, therefore it requires waterproofing. The downside of the insulation is flammability, vapor tightness and sensitivity to light.

Extruded polystyrene foam - the product has the properties of foam, but in an improved version. The material does not absorb water, it is more durable and easy to process, its thermal conductivity is 0.028-0.032. The cost of extruded polystyrene foam boards is higher than other materials for thermal insulation.

Mineral wool is one of the best insulators, it does not burn, is safe, has a low density - 35-125 kg / m3. The raw materials for the material are glass, stone and slag. Air voids of 10-15 cm remain between the fibers, due to which the mineral wool has a thermal conductivity of 0.04-0.045, absorbs noise well and passes steam. For effective protection, a layer of 10-15 cm is needed.

The product is available in the form of rolls, mats and plates. Basalt wool in the slab version is characterized by resistance to deformation and increased density - 75-150 kg/m3. the material fits easily into the frame and does not cause problems during installation. The only drawback of mineral wool is its high water absorption, which requires mandatory waterproofing. The heater is affordable, which contributes to its popularity.

Warm plaster - a dry mixture of cement, lime, plasticizers and additives from expanded polystyrene granules, expanded clay, perlite. The material is somewhat inferior in terms of thermal insulation - 0.06-0.065, but has many advantages: it does not burn, has vapor permeability, is resistant to moisture and microorganisms, and isolates sound well. Plaster has a significant density of 200-350 kg / m3, so it puts an additional load on the foundation. The maximum insulation thickness is 5 cm.

Talking about how to insulate a brick house from the outside, one should not miss the opportunity to finish with thermal panels. This material is characterized by a low thermal conductivity of 0.025 with a small thickness of 60-100 mm. The basis of the product is polyurethane foam, the decorative part is made of ceramic tiles. The material is resistant to frost and moisture, quickly mounted and does not require additional finishing.

Thermal insulation technology with mineral wool

Insulation of a brick house is carried out in two ways:

creation of a ventilated facade;
"wet facade", gluing plates to the walls.

Mineral wool is optimally suited for the first method, which involves the creation of a crate and a multilayer cake with vapor and waterproofing.

On the surface of the walls, a crate is stuffed from a bar treated with an antiseptic composition, or a metal profile. The guides are placed in increments less than the width of the insulation by 2 cm. This will allow you to lay the material more densely.
Mineral wool is laid between the bars and covered with a waterproofing sheet.
The film is attached to the crate with a stapler.
Thin slats are stuffed over the protection against moisture, which will provide an air gap between the insulation and the cladding.
Siding is attached to the rails.

Basalt wool slabs are strong enough to be mounted without a frame. Proper installation of insulation begins with screwing a horizontal metal profile at the bottom, which will keep the material from slipping. The plates are fixed with special glue and dowels with a wide cap. Each row starts with an offset. After finishing all surfaces of the facade, a mesh is laid on the mineral wool and a layer of plaster is applied.

Insulation of the house with foam plastic according to the principle of "wet facade"

Panels of foam or extruded polystyrene foam are attached to the wall using a simple technique called "wet facade" due to the presence of processes that require drying.

A brick wall is being prepared: cleaning from dirt, eliminating defects, priming.
A metal profile is attached at the basement level, which will become a beacon when laying the first row and a drip for moisture.
Glue is applied pointwise to the insulation plates, and they are pressed against the wall.
Additional fastening is carried out with dowels - in the corners and in the center.
Work starts from the bottom of the corner, the rows are stacked with an offset for the stability of the structure.
A plastic mesh for reinforcement is laid on top of the finished insulation and a thin base layer of plaster is applied.
After the solution has dried, priming and final finishing with decorative plaster are performed.

How to apply warm plaster on the walls?

Working with insulating plaster will take time, especially in the absence of painting skills. To properly prepare the solution, the mixture is diluted according to the instructions.

Brick walls are cleaned, protruding parts are removed. The surface is primed with a penetrating compound.
A plaster mesh and beacons are attached to create a common plane.
The prepared solution is applied to the walls. The thickness of the layer depends on climatic conditions, but it should not exceed 5 cm.
On the finished surface, you can create a different decorative texture.

The considered heaters can be used in any region, the thickness of effective thermal insulation is calculated according to local climatic characteristics.

Energy saving programs are gaining popularity, and many are thinking about the best option for their home. How to insulate silicate brick? Which insulation options are better: outside or inside? What features of a brick should be considered when choosing a heater?

Insulation for a house made of silicate brick must be selected based on the type of construction and type of masonry.

Wall insulation should begin with an examination of their features, the type of masonry that was used during construction. In order for the insulation of the house to meet all modern requirements, it is necessary to take into account the following parameters:

Brick shape. This indicator directly affects the thermal conductivity, on which the required level of insulation will depend.
Brick type. For example, for silicate brick m-150, a minimum insulating layer is sufficient.
Masonry type. The thickness of the wall and its need for insulation will depend on this indicator.

Expert advice! If the house has solid masonry, then it needs to be insulated inside and out, if hollow masonry is used, then the material is laid only inside the walls.

What insulation materials are available on the construction market

Today, a network of construction supermarkets offers a wide selection of materials for wall insulation made of silicate bricks. All of them have their own characteristics that you need to know and take into account in order for the insulation of the house to be of high quality and reliable.

Mineral wool.

Despite the fact that this material has been used for a long time, it has not lost its popularity. Buyers prefer it for:

optimal price;
ease of installation;
light weight;
environmental safety;
long period of operation;
the complete absence of a breeding ground for rodents, fungus and mold.

Among the shortcomings of the material are the following indicators:

rapid absorption of moisture;
ignites easily;
does not retain its shape during deformation processes.

Styrofoam.

Many experts suggest insulating silicate brick with foam. Its coefficient of thermal conductivity is slightly lower than that of mineral wool. But among the advantages are the following:

the material is resistant to moisture;
easy to mount, no special tools required;
a light weight;
environmental Safety.

Polyfoam has special water-repellent properties.

If it was decided to insulate a house made of silicate brick with foam plastic, then you need to know that it ignites easily and releases toxic substances when burned. Many cases have been noted when ignition and spread of fire occurs instantly, and the owners manage to save only their lives.

Expert advice! Today, the construction market offers a new type of foam, which has improved performance and greater protection against fire.

Expanded clay.

This material can be used to insulate the house during the construction phase. It is added to the cement mortar, which will be used when pouring the floor, plastering the walls. Expanded clay has a lot of advantages that make it in demand in the construction market:

minimum weight;
environmental Safety;
mice do not gnaw it, fungus and mold do not develop in it;
has high rates of heat and noise insulation;
does not react with moisture, so it is ideal for bathroom, kitchen, toilet.

Among the main disadvantages can be called a high degree of dust emission.

Polyurethane foam.

It is increasingly recommended to insulate a house made of silicate bricks with polyurethane foam, since this material has the highest rates of thermal insulation and strength. The material itself can be used in the form of slabs or applied to the walls by spraying. Polyurethane foam involves additional finishing, preferably with fire-resistant mixtures.

The main disadvantage is the high cost.

Warm plaster.

This material provides the room with the highest thermal insulation performance. With the help of warm plaster, you can easily cover the sand-lime brick. Among the main advantages are the following:

walls have high rates of heat, noise and sound insulation;
the material is not subject to combustion;
does not absorb moisture.

The main disadvantage that prevents the material from gaining popularity is the cost and methods of application to the walls. Warm plaster is applied using special automated equipment. Only a professional team has such systems, which will take a lot of money for work.

In addition, the maximum layer of plaster is up to 5 centimeters. The large mass of the layer that is applied to the wall requires the construction of a massive foundation or additional strengthening of an existing one.

Fiberglass.

This material has excellent characteristics and is recommended by many experts. The main thing that everyone needs to remember is that this material should be mounted only by professionals. It is toxic, therefore, if installed incorrectly, it can harm the health of not only the employee, but also everyone who will live in such a house.

Ecowool.

It is used only for internal insulation. The material has optimal thermal conductivity, while quickly absorbing moisture.

Insulation of the house from the outside

How to insulate a house made of silicate bricks, you need to decide in each case individually.

If the house has been built and is functioning for a long time, then the wall insulation will be external. This type will protect the structure of the house from precipitation, sudden changes in temperature, while the dew point will move closer to the insulation. Such insulation of the house makes it possible to increase the life of the entire building.

Mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane, expanded polystyrene are suitable for external insulation. Silicate brick covered with insulation must be additionally plastered or covered with facade panels.

Before you insulate the house from the outside, you need to carry out horizontal waterproofing of the foundation. For these purposes, you can use hydroisol or roofing material. Unfortunately, the latter material does not have a long service life. The installed waterproofing layer should not be on the walls of the first floor.

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=AeHkQ5_I8ME

How to insulate a house from the inside

For silicate brick, wall insulation from the inside is considered only in the most emergency cases. In addition to the fact that the usable area will be taken away from the room, when the walls are insulated from the inside, the dew point changes, it shifts inward. This causes condensation to form on the walls, which can only be removed after the installation of a productive ventilation system.

If it was decided to insulate the house from the inside, then it is necessary to use the material not only for the walls, but also on the ceiling, floor, and slopes. If such work is not performed, then places will appear in the house where freezing will appear.

When choosing a material for insulating silicate bricks from the inside, you must first of all pay attention to environmental safety indicators. All components, when heated, will be released into the room, which can harm human health.

When insulating a silicate brick from the inside, it is not necessary to use a vapor barrier.

It is enough to cover the material with plaster. If there is a need for additional fixation of the insulation, then a reinforcing mesh can be used.

When choosing a material for insulation, you should pay attention to fire safety indicators. All walls inside the house are equipped with a large number of wires, various devices that can ignite.

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=02Z2ZHcoUpY

Warming a house made of silicate brick is a necessary and important process that will help save the family's budget for heating, create coziness, comfort, and optimal temperature throughout the house. Only a conscious choice of material will ensure the desired result for each particular house.

Building a brick house is quite popular throughout the Russian Federation, because. brick walls have many advantages. They are reliable, fire resistant and able to stand for many years. But there are also disadvantages, for example, they do not retain heat efficiently enough. The problem is easily eliminated if additional external insulation of the brick walls of the house is carried out with special materials. Almost every owner thinks about how to insulate a brick house from the outside.

In the process of building a brick house, you have to spend a lot of money, which is why the question often arises of how to carry out home insulation work with your own hands. Everything is quite simple, and if you thoroughly approach the issue, study all the nuances and choose the right material, insulate the house from silicate brick, it will turn out without the involvement of hired specialists. The answer to the question of how to insulate a brick house from the outside, any seller of a hardware store knows.

There are a lot of insulation technologies, for a start we will consider a variety of insulation for siding.

The question of how best to insulate a brick house from the outside is very common on specialized forums. It is worth thoroughly studying all the information presented, and choose what suits you. The main separation of wall insulation occurs according to the installation principle, there are those that require additional finishing, and those that do not need it. There are simply a huge number of varieties of materials for insulation and soundproofing, many of them are similar in characteristics, and differ only in price and manufacturer.

Mineral insulation (mineral wool). It is often used, due to the fact that the price for it is quite low, and the characteristics are suitable. For example, its thermal conductivity is 0.04 W/(m*K). In addition, it is quite environmentally friendly and even an inexperienced person can mount it. Mineral wool is able to burn, so it has a low level of fire safety, which can be considered a minus, and during installation it will be necessary to carry out additional work related to the moisture insulation of the walls, because. the material absorbs condensation well.
Expanded polystyrene (polystyrene). Thermal conductivity 0.036 W/(m*K). Lightweight, practical, with high moisture resistance. Just like mineral wool, it is environmentally friendly. The disadvantages of insulating a brick house from the outside with polystyrene foam are toxic emissions during combustion, fragility, and vapor permeability.
Extruded polystyrene foam (penoplex), a warm counterpart of conventional polystyrene. But it is produced using a different, fundamentally new technology. Due to this, it has improved characteristics of heat and sound insulation, as well as vapor and water permeability. Insulation of the house with penoplex is very popular.
It is possible to insulate a brick house from the outside with modern methods, using foaming technology. Mounting polyurethane foam. The product is new, but has already won a large part of the market. Perfectly warms and protects from hit of moisture. Minus, the application is carried out using special equipment.

insulation of a brick house from the outside by spraying polyurethane foam

Two types of insulation that do not require additional finishing

Another method of insulating a brick wall from the outside, using a brick-like thermal panel, is a fairly new technology. The main advantage is that such panels do not need to be hidden under the siding. They have a beautiful appearance.

Thermal panels under the brick

insulation for a brick house using warm plaster, innovative look. In our country, it is becoming increasingly popular due to its simplicity and low cost.

Warming for a brick house using warm plaster

Scheme of installation for siding

Surely not everyone knows how to properly insulate a brick house from the outside, or rather how to install the insulation. Installation, groups of heaters for siding, is fundamentally similar for all types of materials in this group. Before insulating a brick wall from the outside, it is necessary to expose the frame for the subsequent installation of siding. For this you will need to have:

Hammer drill with an 8 mm drill, or an impact drill with a drill of the same diameter.
Screwdriver.
Construction level.
Construction corner.
Roulette, hammer.

As a material for the manufacture of the frame, you can use a metal profile 60 * 27mm., Or wooden bars with a section of 50 * 50 mm.

Work should begin with cleaning the wall of everything that will interfere with the installation of the frame. Dismantle ebbs and slopes from windows. After that, you can proceed to the installation of the extreme bars. If the wall to be insulated is fairly even, then the frame can be made of wood, and the bars can be fixed with dowels - nails, through and through. For exterior walls that have irregularities, it is better to use a metal profile.

The extreme bars are installed, using the building level, strictly vertically. After that, between them, for convenience, they pull the cord, it is convenient to control the installation of the remaining bars along it. All installed bars should be at a distance of 60 cm from each other in the same plane.

Insulation, cut into pieces of the required length and placed between the bars. It should be fixed using dowels - nails for insulating materials, having previously drilled holes for them in the wall.

If additional vapor barrier is required, it is mounted before installing the bars, directly on the wall, and only then proceed with the installation of the frame bars. If a metal profile is used as a frame, the whole scheme looks about the same, only instead of bars, profiles are installed using special suspensions.

Foam insulation

The process of insulating the brick walls of the house from the outside, using mounting foam, is slightly different in the order of work. You should start by cleaning the wall and removing everything that will interfere with the proper installation of the frame. The next stage is the marking and installation of hangers for mounting profiles on the wall. After mounting the suspensions, proceed to the application of mounting foam. The last step after applying the foam is the installation of profiles. As in the case of the bars, the extreme profiles are installed first, and then the cord is pulled and the rest are mounted with it. The profile must be in the same plane.

Important: Hangers, before applying the foam, should be bent in such a way that they are ready for the installation of profiles in them, if this is not done, then after applying the foam this will no longer work.

After installing the frame and insulation, the next step is the installation of siding. The installation scheme depends on the type of siding panels, but the general points are worth noting.

Installation is carried out starting from the bottom of the house.
The installation of the first panel is carried out strictly horizontally using a level.
Each next panel is mounted in the previous one.

Finishing the facade of a brick house can be carried out using other technologies. For example, mount mineral insulation boards (mineral wool) and then plaster and paint the surface. Or insulate the walls from the outside with foam and overlay with bricks.

Insulation of the facade of a brick house using a clinker thermal panel has a fundamental difference from the installation of mineral wool and other similar types of insulation. It consists in the fact that the installation of a frame and, accordingly, siding is not required. The pattern of clinker panels can be different, there are panels for brick, natural stone, etc.

Before installation, as in the case of conventional insulation, the wall must be cleaned of dust, dirt and anything that may interfere with installation. The clinker panel is installed from the bottom up. The process from the side resembles the assembly of a puzzle. First, the corners and the plinth are assembled, then the inside of the wall is gradually filled. Fastening takes place using dowel nails for insulating materials, as well as a small amount of mounting foam, which is applied under the insulation and then glues it to it.

Warm plaster

Abroad, for a long time, this type of insulation of the outer walls of a brick house is considered one of the best and it is used almost everywhere. In Russia, the benefits of warm plaster have not yet been properly appreciated, although many builders are already putting it into practice.

Warm plaster has a composition almost the same as ordinary plaster, but instead of sand, foam bubbles, or perlite or vermiculite, are added to it.

Styrofoam is a good insulation, anyone even unfamiliar with building technologies knows this. The use of plaster with the addition of foam plastic will allow you to insulate the house at no great cost, and in a short time. Applying plaster does not require special preparation of the walls. It is enough just to moisten with water, and you can apply the mixture. Thermal insulation using warm plaster is quite effective. there are no joints, cracks or other defects on the wall through which heat can escape. Another indisputable advantage is the complete incombustibility of the plaster and the absence of the need to replace the slopes on the windows, which also allows you to save on finishing.

In addition to the article, watch the video:

It is one of the most popular building materials. Its advantages include high strength, excellent soundproofing characteristics and affordable cost.

However, he also has negative features that should be taken into account, especially when building residential buildings.

This building material perfectly absorbs water, which increases the humidity of the premises.
Not a very pleasant factor is its low frost resistance. At low temperatures, the structure of the product is destroyed, especially if the material is saturated with water.
Another negative characteristic is high thermal conductivity. This means that in winter the walls freely allow heat to go outside, and in summer, on the contrary, it contributes to heating the air in the rooms.

However, all three problems can be solved in one fell swoop - just properly insulate the walls of the house from silicate brick.

A well-thought-out construction plan will help save money when building a private residential building. The structure will be much warmer if two layers are created during the construction of the walls - inner and outer. A small gap is left between them, one or half a brick wide, which is filled with expanded clay or foam concrete. This helps to make the building warmer, and a thick layer of decorative plaster, the so-called fur coat, will help protect the material from moisture and frostbite.

Insulation of the walls of a house made of silicate bricks

The technology described above allows significant savings during construction and provides comfortable living conditions for future residents. But what about those who bought an already rebuilt house or an apartment in a high-rise building made of sand-lime brick? There is only one answer - to create an outer heat-insulating layer as soon as possible, otherwise it will be cold inside, and the walls will soon become moldy due to high humidity. But how to insulate the walls of silicate brick - each owner must decide on his own.

Each material has its own disadvantages and advantages. In addition, the cost of creating a thermal insulation layer can vary significantly depending on the technology. For example, special thermal plaster is practically not popular in our country. The reason is banal - for its application, special equipment is needed, which only some companies have. For its use, they require a lot of money, which turns the installation of a fairly cheap material into an expensive pleasure.

How to insulate a house made of silicate bricks from the outside

Leaving aside exotic solutions and inaccessible technologies, it is worth considering the two simplest heaters:

Styrofoam sheets are a cheap option for tall buildings with several floors;
Mineral wool is an ideal way to create optimal conditions for living in a private house.

Both materials are very popular among the citizens of Ukraine, as they have an affordable cost, and their effectiveness is confirmed by practical use. What is their difference?

Insulation of a house made of silicate bricks from the outside - with foam sheets is especially common in high-rise buildings. A fairly simple and affordable method allows you to quickly perform the necessary work. Usually, it takes no more than two days to fasten, reinforce, plaster and paint the outer side of the walls of a three-room apartment. As a result, the dew point is transferred outside and the humidity in the rooms is significantly reduced. Also, the economic effect in the form of heat preservation is observed the very next day after the creation of a heat-insulating layer.

A private house made of silicate brick with mineral wool insulation will have its own microclimate. It will be comfortable to be in the room at any time, thanks to air microcirculation and excellent thermal insulation qualities of the insulation. The mineral wool fastening technology is somewhat laborious and requires the creation of a special frame that will hold the lightweight material in place. In addition to the practical effect, this method also gives the possibility of the original design of the building from the outside over the protective layer.

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