They also learned how to prepare logs for the construction of a bath.

But often during construction it becomes necessary to choose a rectangular or oval groove in a log. Let's find out how to do it right.

Making a rectangular groove

Before marking the width and depth of the groove, the log should be secured by laying it on the lining.

Using a compass on the thinner end of the log, you need to find the center and draw a radius, the same should be done on the thicker end of the log.

With the help of a cord and a square, vertical and horizontal diameters are drawn at both ends of the log. After that, mark the width and depth of the future groove. Typically, the width is chosen equal to 1/6 of the diameter of the circle, and the depth is ¼ of the diameter.

After the necessary markings have been made on the ends of the log, with the help of a cord and notches, mark the boundaries of the groove on the surface of the log and proceed to chipping the wood.

Making an oval groove in a log

It becomes necessary to make an oval groove when building walls. It is the oval groove that allows you to more tightly connect the logs stacked one on top of the other. Such a connection well prevents the penetration of outside air. Also, a transverse oval groove has to be made to form a bowl when cutting a log house into a cloud.

It is customary to take the width of the oval groove in the logs depending on the outside temperature in winter. For warm rooms, it is recommended to make a groove at least 15 cm wide at a winter temperature of -30 degrees, 17 cm - at a temperature reaching 40 degrees below zero, and at lower winter temperatures - 18-20 cm.

If a cold room is being built, the groove is made narrower and in most cases a width of 5 cm will be sufficient.

Before choosing a groove, it is also necessary, as in the case of a rectangular groove, to mark up, starting from the ends of the log - find the center, draw circles, mark the diameters, applying a special pattern to them, mark the transverse profile of the groove.

After marking along the entire length of the groove, after 20-40 cm, transverse cuts are arranged, as well as before cutting the edge. Only cuts should not be flat, but oval. It is convenient to make them with a benzo or electric saw.

After the cuts are made, you can choose a groove. For this, a special tool is used - an adze. Its cutting edge, resembling an ax blade, is perpendicular to the handle (like a chopper). The groove is passed by chipping off excess wood with an adze from one cut to another.

In the process of selecting a groove, its profile should be controlled using a pattern.

Now you know, how to choose a groove in a log.

In the next publication, we will learn how to splice logs correctly.

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Cutting the opening is done with a chainsaw

The need for sawing an opening in a log house arises long before the installation of doors and windows.

For example, if you hired a specialized contractor for felling a log house and installing it in place, then the contract includes:

• log house assembly
• rafter installation and roofing
• hemming the ceiling
• joist flooring
• sewing gables (foreheads)
• hemming cornices

That is, usually all wooden works are included in the contract.

Already when installing the ceiling and floor, there is a need for access to the inside of the delivered log house. In this case, you can saw through a small opening (hole) as a temporary option.

How to cut a hole in a log house?

A chainsaw is taken and logs of minimum width and height are cut. But even in such a simple matter as cutting a temporary hole in a log house, there are some nuances:

• you do not yet know when the door or window frame will be installed
• you still do not know what size opening you need
• it is necessary to fix the cut logs with solid ones. To do this, you need to take the boards and nail them to the log house on the sides of the logs
• the opening must be cut between temporary fasteners (boards) so that they are nailed to solid logs at the top and bottom ...

Consider the option when the dimensions of the opening are known, a door is purchased, which will be inserted into the log house immediately after sawing the opening in the log house and installing a casing (pigtail) into it.

In this case, unlike the temporary option, it seems that it is not necessary to install temporary fasteners in the form of boards, because the opening will immediately be reinforced with a box. However, this is not entirely true:

• a slight shift of log trimmings is possible. Even a slight misalignment will further affect the quality of work when installing a door or window unit
• it is much easier and calmer to work with a static structure, without fear of loading it

Therefore, it is best and most correct to make temporary fixing of the logs with boards before sawing out the logs: “nail” the boards with nails on both sides of the future opening.

How to saw through a doorway?

How to saw through a doorway in a log house accurately and quickly? To do this, you need to know the size of the door block.

The technology is as follows:

1. the size of the opening is drawn on the log house, observing right angles, verticality and horizontal lines with a pencil, level, square and plumb line. The bottom line of the opening (for the threshold) should lie on the lower log (from the floor) so that the threshold was slightly cut into it. The upper line of the opening is recommended to be drawn in the middle of the log. Thus, it turns out that the remaining half of the upper log of the opening will serve as a jumper.
2. the opening should be 7-12 cm higher than the door. The calculation is as follows: 1 cm for each log along the height of the opening. If the height of the door is 10 logs, then you need to add 10 cm. Such a gap must be left at the top for further shrinkage of the log house. if it is not foreseen, then the logs of the log house will lie directly on the door block next year, which will lead to its deformation.
3. it is necessary to add the thickness of the door frame to the dimensions of the door leaf (if you purchased it without a box). On the sides, add 1-2 cm of gaps for foaming or sealing with tow.
4. with a chainsaw, cut one log strictly along the drawn vertical lines, which is located at a height convenient for the sawyer. Usually, this is a medium log.
5. knock out a piece of log into the inside of the log house (it sits firmly enough under load) ...
6. if you managed to knock out one log, then in the future it will be quite easy to saw through and pull out all the other logs of the opening ...
7. if it was not possible to knock out one log, then you need to cut it from top to bottom along vertical lines, along the entire height of the opening, leaving the lower and upper logs intact. And then you need to knock out all the pieces of logs at once. Due to their massiveness, they are knocked out much easier than one log.
8. the lower and upper logs must be cut with a chainsaw quite accurately and accurately along the horizontal markings
9. if necessary, trim horizontal surfaces

Knowing how to cut an opening in a log house, you can do it yourself, with your own hands. A fairly simple matter compared to installing a door frame and door leaf. There are some nuances that you can read about in

Any beginning is the most difficult when there is no experience yet. My task is to remove the core of the log so that a cylinder with a wall thickness of at least 10 cm is formed. I tried various options for how to remove the core, but none of them gave satisfactory results. In my head, a decision was made to raise the future log for bees from a horizontal position to a vertical position. At the cost of incredible efforts, ingenuity and a little bit of magic, I managed to raise a log weighing 550 kg to a vertical position.

Instruments:

I didn’t get any smart ideas on how to quickly hollow out the middle. As a result, I started with the old grandfather method. I took the usual chisel, hammer and axe. And quietly from day to day he hammered, knocked, chopped, so to speak, filled his hand

To make the task easier at the beginning, I found a piece of pointed metal in the garage, welded it to the pipe, but the result was not the same. In search of a suitable tool, I went to the nearest construction supermarket. Walking around the store, my eyes fell on the scrapers for chopping ice. They were wide, and my imagination was already completely sawing off the excess from them, and wondered how the final instrument would look like. But then I saw a tool called "Peshnya", the price is 220 rubles. What I needed. Already in the workshop I burned it from paint, sanded it and sharpened it like an axe. As a fallback (if I didn’t find anything in the store), I could take a metal knife from a planer, make a slot in the pipe, insert a knife there and weld it all together by welding into a single whole.

Why do I need it?

Looking at these photos, someone will say that I have nothing to do, but the process itself is interesting to me. After all, I'm not in the competition "Who will make the deck faster." The winter is long, and I am happy to work in the fresh air, invent and implement it, while dreaming about honey, bees, and the development of a future apiary. Even if you make one board every winter, then in 10 years you can earn decent money by selling honey and related products. But before the sale of honey, oh, how far away. First of all, you need to finish the deck, and the second thing is to find the bees and somehow populate them in this deck. Of course, I'm interested in all this. I can just imagine how we eat the first honey, laugh and rejoice.

The neighbor constantly approaches, is interested in work. I won’t be surprised if I see that he will also bring a log for himself. I tell him, take the second half of the log, and gouge it. And he replied: - I want to see at the beginning what I can do with all this. And what to watch then! We must take and do. You can endlessly lie on the couch and watch TV shows, dream, reason, but in reality do nothing. And you take it and start doing it, surprise the world with your enthusiasm and invention.

God give me strength and enthusiasm to complete the construction of this deck.

Any construction is not complete without the use of wood. If you have logs, then you can saw it into boards yourself. So you can save money, and the log will go into business.

First you need to prepare the log for cutting. To do this, you will need to remove the bark. The simplest and most effective tool for this purpose is considered a scraper. Since the scraper, removing the bark, does not touch the tree.

To remove the bark, you can use a shovel or electric jigsaw. When using a shovel, you need to remove the bark "from yourself".

There are three ways to cut a log. We will not consider one of them, namely, saw cut obliquely. Since this method is used for specialized projects and developments.

Consider two methods that suit us: sawing logs along and across

• Cross cutting is used to obtain parts in the form of disks or cylinders.

• And the longitudinal method is used to dissolve the log on boards, bars, slats. To do this, many devices are used in production. We will consider how you can saw a log at home, on your own.

For cutting, you can use:

• circular
• Bulgarian with nozzles

So, we have already removed the bark from the log, so we proceed to the next steps:

• We fix the log on the rails or bed
• We saw off the slab on one side to get a flat surface
• We turn the log over with the flat side on the frame and remove the second slab
• Next, we dissolve the log on the boards

How to cut a log into even boards and beams

It is quite difficult to cut wood along the log evenly. After all, the same thickness must be maintained along the entire length. For this, there is special equipment that is attached to a log.

Many, for sawing logs at home, make a sawmill with their own hands

How to make a home sawmill with your own hands

Consider the two most used manufacturing options sawmills.

Option one

• We weld a frame from channels and a profile pipe
• We attach a saw with an electric or gasoline drive on a carriage with a vertical feed
• Attach the ruler to a vertical stand in order for the boarding to be as accurate as possible.
• Use a polished pipe or rod as a guide carriage, they are needed so that the carriage moves vertically.
• We install a screw in the bearing so that it moves the carriage during movement

With this option, it is the saw that is set in motion, on a specially attached frame, and the log remains in place. A chain saw in this case will quickly cope with the task. If you plan to use a reciprocating saw, then the process will be delayed, since it works in one direction.

Option two

• We weld the frame of metal plates and squares
• We attach the engine to the bottom of the frame
• In the upper part we put a shaft with pulleys
• We attach one or more circular saws to the shaft
• On the table we fix the guide from the square (metal)
• Feed the log by moving it forward and pressing it against the guides.

It is impossible to predict where a crack will appear and where it will go, but modern carpenters are better able to direct it in the right direction (Fig. 2). Having tried many options, the carpenters came to the conclusion that a cut made along the entire length of the log not only prevents the occurrence of chaotic cracks, but sets the crack in the right direction.

Many carpenters call the technological cut unloading and this name is justified because. The main function of the cut is to relieve the log from the load and internal stress that has arisen during its drying.

Thanks to the cut, we manage to give the desired trajectory to the crack that appears during the drying of the log (Fig. 3). When making a cut, the resulting crack is directed to the top of the log. The resulting crack will not be visible. it is covered with a groove of the next crown.

Having made a technological cut, we prevent the ingress of moisture into the formed crack, and minimize the possible appearance of the so-called "cold bridges", with the appearance of which there is a high probability of freezing of the walls of a log house.

How to make a technological propyl?

As we said earlier, drying wood has a certain internal tension. When the log house shrinks, the process of evaporation of natural moisture occurs in the logs, and the high pressure created by the upper crowns of the log house contributes to the cracking of the wood. To reduce or completely get rid of the stress created inside the log, as well as to give the desired direction to the crack, a well-executed unloading cut will help.

An unloading cut is made either when cutting a log house, or when it is directly assembled on the foundation. A cut is made along the surface of the log, with the exception of the cut, the ends, as well as the visible parts of the log house. The depth of cut must be strictly observed. The depth of the technological cut should be at least 1/3 of the log diameter (Fig. 4).

Even a cut is not a guarantee that the erected log house or bathhouse will be crack-free. A saw cut is one way to prevent cracking. Do not forget that the main element in the construction of a log house is high-quality wood, and of course the correct processing and impregnation with special compounds and means.