How to install a gas burner boiler. Overview of gas burners for boilers. Atmospheric gas burners

Gas boilers are characterized by high efficiency. A significant role in the efficient operation of the heating system is played by gas burners for boilers. To choose the right burner, you need to consider three main factors:

types of such devices;
their classification;
principle of operation.

Varieties of burners

All devices can be classified according to two parameters: technology of operation and scope.

According to the principle of operation, the following types of devices can be distinguished:

diffusion, in which the process of mixing gas and oxygen is carried out during combustion;
injection, where even before the gas enters the combustion chamber, it is enriched with oxygen;
atmospheric, which, according to the principle of operation, resemble injection, but oxygen is supplied to them to a lesser extent;
recuperative, where a special device - a recuperator - heats up the gas before mixing it with air;
regenerative - similar to recuperative ones, but heating to the required degree is carried out by another unit - a regenerator, which first heats up gas and oxygen, and only then supplies it to the combustion chamber;
inflatable, where air is forced into the combustion chamber using a fan;
pre-mixed, where oxygen is added near the outlet;
with incomplete premixing.

Devices are also classified according to their purpose:

Household appliances characterized by low power. Most often we are talking about atmospheric devices, since their operation is associated with the least number of problems.
Industrial equipment used in boiler rooms, factories and for heating a large number of residential units. The most common are injection, fan and diffuse devices.

Burner classification

The essence of the operation of gas burners is to ensure stable and continuous combustion of fuel in the combustion chamber of the boiler. The classification of equipment is based on the four main functions of the device, such as:

the flow of gas and air in proportions that provide the optimal ratio in the mixture;
direct mixing of gas and oxygen;
creation of stable combustion;
ensuring uniform ignition and avoiding an explosion when ignited.

Modulated equipment is classified as a separate class. A distinctive feature of such devices is the ability to automatically adjust to the current needs of the room and the ability to change the combustion power depending on the temperature regime inside and outside the building. In view of these capabilities, this type of equipment is highly economical.

Note! When choosing a modulated device, you need to look at the modulation range. The wider this range, the more efficient the auto-tuning of the boiler is, and the more economically the fuel is burned.

Principle of operation

The essence of the working principle of the device is simple: prepare a mixture of gas and oxygen for combustion, ensure a stable supply of the mixture and its combustion.

Note! Despite the simple principle of operation of such devices, it is categorically not recommended to carry out repair work with them without the appropriate knowledge and practical skills. Even for elementary cleaning of the boiler, you need to contact specialists.

The gas burner is also equipped with additional features aimed primarily at automating and maintaining the safe operation of the equipment. These functions are provided through the use of nodes such as:

Automation. Due to its use, the gas supply to the burners is stopped in case of an emergency. For example, such a shutdown can occur if the temperature of the igniter falls below the set level.
Ignition. The device works on electricity or on a piezoelectric element. The ignition operation scheme looks like this: natural gas is supplied to the igniter, where it ignites from a spark (mechanically or automatically), after which the ignition is heated to a certain level, opens the valve and allows the gas to go to the burner.

Note! Preparation for ignition of burners should be carried out during the period of scheduled maintenance of gas appliances. Most often, such work is carried out before the heating season. Without a preliminary check of the burners, their operation is prohibited.

The equipment that is used in boiler rooms is not much different in terms of the principle of operation from household appliances. However, such devices tend to withstand high gas pressure. In addition, industrial equipment is equipped with filters to filter out all kinds of resins and small dust particles. Filtration improves the economy and technological efficiency of equipment operation.

Choice of gas burner

When choosing a burner, you need to look at its technical parameters, the method of fuel supply and the principle of mixing gas and oxygen, as well as compatibility with certain devices. Below we briefly describe the five most popular burner models among consumers.

Typically used in boilers converted from solid fuel to natural gas or LNG. Equipped with three nozzles and automation. KChM is often used in boilers "Kontur" or similar equipment.

Burner "Hearth"

This is a pneumomechanical device with an automatic mode of operation. The security system automatically stops the combustion process in three cases:

if the flame went out;
if there is no necessary traction;
if the natural gas supply is interrupted.

The "hearth" is equipped with a gas pressure controller, which allows you to achieve uniform combustion even in the event of system failures. Ochag burners are easy to maintain due to the fact that soot does not accumulate in the convective part of the equipment.

Ochag burners are easy to maintain due to the fact that soot does not accumulate in the convective part of the equipment

This equipment can operate on almost any type of energy carrier. The advantages of this burner include the possibility of its installation without plumbing and welding.

This is a block device where forced oxygen supply is used. Such a device is used in steam equipment for industrial purposes and the corresponding power. The efficiency of such devices reaches 94%. The principle of operation of such burners is inflatable or diffuse. Powerful fans can be used to increase the functionality of the equipment.

Such boilers are used for domestic purposes and run on solid fuel. Since there is no need for high power equipment for heating domestic premises, injector or atmospheric devices are most applicable in this case. When choosing a burner for the KVS boiler, you need to look, first of all, at the required power and safety of the device.

Important! Most often, gas burners are bought for heating boilers that do not provide for gas as a fuel. Therefore, when choosing, you need to look not only at the technological capabilities, but also at the level of security that the automation of the device can provide.

The article provides only brief introductory information about gas burners. It will be quite difficult for an unprepared consumer to independently understand all the intricacies of this topic. Therefore, before buying, you should seek detailed advice from a representative of a company selling such equipment.

The existing classification that gas burners for heating boilers have takes into account the principle of operation, air supply and the formation of a fire torch. The power of the boiler, the main and additional functions, the permissible type of fuel depend on the design of the burner.

Types and types of burners for gas heating boilers

In a gas boiler, it is better to use the burner specified by the manufacturer in the instruction manual. The heat exchanger, the design of boiler equipment, are developed taking into account the type of installed burner.

According to their purpose, there are two types of gas burners:

Burners for domestic use - performance is limited to 120 kW. Most often, atmospheric burners for gas boilers fall under the category, the operation and maintenance of which are associated with a minimum number of problems.
The disadvantage of devices is high fuel consumption and high requirements associated with the installation of boiler equipment.
In modern models, fan gas burners are increasingly used, used on gas domestic boilers, with a closed combustion chamber.
Gas burners for industrial heating boilers of high power. In industrial heating equipment, injector fan (blast) burners are installed. Productivity varies from 120 to 250 kW.

In addition to the purpose, the classification takes into account the type of fuel entering the combustion chamber. There are two types of burners:

For natural gas.
For liquefied gas.

The difference between the equipment lies in the diameter of the gas nozzles and the working pressure of the gas. In domestic boilers of well-known European manufacturers, universal burners are often installed that can quickly change to natural and liquefied gas.

The main classification is related to the principle of operation of burners: the production of a gas-air combustible mixture, the supply of gas to the combustion chamber and other features.

Gas forced draft-fan burners (blowing)

The blower burner device has a complex design, including a built-in fan or turbine. The gas-air mixture is prepared in exact proportions, thanks to forced and controlled air injection.

Gas boiler with forced draft burner, characterized by efficiency and high performance.

The blower burner is distinguished by the following features:

Scope of application - fan burners, installed in boiler equipment with a closed combustion chamber: low-temperature condensing-type gas boilers and turbocharged models.
Performance - just a few decades ago, fan gas burners were installed exclusively for high-power boilers. Since then, household models of heating equipment have appeared, the work of which is associated with forced air supply and removal of combustion products.
Low power boilers with fan gas burners, designed for connection to radiator heating systems and underfloor heating.
Principle of operation - there are three basic modifications of burner devices, which differ in the principle of manufacturing a gas-air mixture. The mixing of gas and air occurs directly in the combustion process or before entering the nozzles.
In some modern models of boilers with a blast burner, the gas-air mixture is carried out with uniform partial mixing in a special chamber and on the burner.
The removal of combustion products from the fan burner is carried out by force. An additional fan (turbine) is built into the smoke exhaust system. Design features (the presence of two turbines) affect the noise characteristics of the burner.
During operation, a uniform hum is emitted. The fan is so noisy that it will be necessary to carry out additional soundproofing of the room used for the boiler room.
In condensing boilers, noise protection is provided. The soundproof housing reduces the intensity of noise pollution.
Automation - the blower burner is connected to the boiler automation. The microprocessor controller reads information from various sensors: gas pressure, incoming air and exhaust gases, temperature at the burner nozzle. The control unit automatically changes the performance of the burner, focusing on the received parameters.
If necessary, the function of self-selection of the operating mode is provided. So, you can reduce the intensity of noise by setting the fan speed to an acceptable minimum.

Blast burner devices have eliminated the main cause of flame separation from the burner, often found in atmospheric boilers, due to a sharp increase in pressure in the pipeline. The intensity of burning changes, depending on the performance indicators in automatic mode.

Diffuse burners for gas combustion

The principle of operation of a diffuse burner is associated with a separate supply of air directly into the combustion chamber and partial pre-mixing of the gas-air mixture. Features of work allow you to increase and stabilize the gas pressure in front of the burner, and achieve a stable flame even with a decrease in operating parameters.

Diffuse burners are not widely used and are mainly installed in large-capacity industrial-type boilers. In domestic boilers, diffuse-kinetic burners are not found.

Injection gas burners (injector)

Injection burners are mainly installed in domestic heating boilers. The name refers to the principle of operation used.

The production of a gas-air mixture occurs in several stages:

The device of an injection gas burner consists of several hollow rods, through which gas is supplied under pressure, with injectors placed on them. The system is connected to the gas pipeline.
Gas, under pressure, passing through the nozzles, injects the air in the combustion chamber, making a gas-air mixture. The gas is burned in the form of small flames. For this reason, injection burners are also called flare or micro-flare burners.

Flare burners maintain the required coolant temperature by switching on and off. In the combustion chamber, an igniter or a pilot burner operates in a constant mode, from which the main burner device is ignited. Injection burners are installed in thermal units of small and medium power.

Flame core temperature remains stable, regardless of external factors and coolant heating, which often leads to excessive fuel consumption. Compared to blown burners, injection models burn 15-20% more gas.

Classification of gas burners by type of adjustment

In addition to the principle of operation, gas burners for heating boilers are classified according to the type of adjustment and design features. Operating parameters affect thermal efficiency, economy and reliability.

At the moment, four basic modifications of burners are manufactured:

Single stage.
Two-stage.
Two-stage with smooth modulation.
Modulated.

The type of adjustment determines whether a closed or open burner will be used. Accordingly, the type of device will affect the requirements for the installation and operation of the heating boiler.

Single stage burners

In most cases, these are atmospheric gas burners for domestic heating boilers. The principle of operation is to alternately turn on and off the burner. The frequency of turning on the burner depends on the cooling rate of the coolant and the operating mode set using a mechanical thermostat.

Main features of single-stage burners:

Operates regardless of power supply- regulation of the operating mode, is carried out using a thermocouple, when heated, producing a low-potential voltage sufficient to ensure the device's operability.
More gas consumption- a feature of the operation of boilers with atmospheric gas burners is the need for constant burning of the igniter. The flame of the pilot burner acts on the thermocouple. When attenuated, the gas supply is turned off. From the fire of the igniter, the main burner ignites when the coolant cools down.
A certain amount of gas is used to maintain the operation of the igniter. Overexpenditure is also observed due to the lack of precise adjustment of the operating temperature.
Reliability - gas non-volatile burners have a simple design, in which there is practically nothing to break. For this reason, devices rarely fail and serve the entire period of operation declared by the manufacturer.
Ignition - the igniter is ignited by a piezoelectric element or manually, using matches, through a special hatch in the boiler body.

Boilers with single-stage atmospheric burners are installed in areas where regular power outages occur.

Two stage burners

Two-stage types of gas burners, suitable for domestic boilers with fine adjustment of the minimum and maximum gas flow. The name says that the device operates in two modes set by the manufacturer, usually at 30% and 100% of the rated power.

The principle of operation of a two-stage burner is as follows:

The combustion takes place continuously. The igniter is missing.
The heat carrier is heated at 100% power. After reaching the set temperature, the burner does not turn off completely, as in the case of a one-stage analogue, but switches to the heating maintenance mode. The performance of the burner device is reduced to 30 or 40%.
The transition from one mode to another is controlled by automation, based on a microprocessor controller.

Even the first models of two-stage burners made it possible to reduce gas consumption by approximately 10%. In modern equipment, costs have decreased compared to atmospheric single-stage devices by another 10-15%.

Sliding two-stage burners

The principle of operation of smoothly switching devices is identical to two-stage burners. The only difference is the shifting performed without sudden jerks, which leads to the following advantages:

Accurate and efficient control of the heating medium heating temperature.
Economy of fuel combustion.
Versatility - smooth two-stage gas burners, suitable for heating boilers on liquefied gas. After a small re-equipment, it is allowed to connect the heat generator to a gas tank or cylinder installation.
Dependence on electricity - a gas volatile burner with two operating power modes, it works only if there is a stable voltage in the network.

The number of steps indicates the number of operating modes of the burner. Single stage models operate at full power only, two stage models alternate between 30% and 100% capacity.

Modulating burners

The most economical burners are modulating. Working range, from 10 to 100%. Reducing or increasing the power of the burner is carried out in a fully automatic mode. The work is controlled by microprocessor automation, which reads the readings of various sensors and selects the optimal mode based on the information received.

The accumulation of soot on the burner is practically eliminated. Automation regulates the supply of air and gas to the burner, selecting such a ratio of the gas-air mixture, which would ensure the most complete combustion of the fuel.

The modulating gas burner operates as a stand-alone device with a wide range of possibilities. Combustion is carried out in a constant mode. An igniter is not required.

Multi-stage modulating gas burners have several features and operating parameters that affect thermal performance:

Automatic control of modulating burners- practically, this is a mini computer that calculates the optimal power based on the information received. Automation is simultaneously connected to the gas pressure sensor on the burner, room temperature sensors, a turbine that pumps air, etc.
The burner is modulated in a fully automatic mode. For the operation of automation, special software is required, provided by the manufacturer when purchasing the boiler.
Versatility– gas boiler with modulating burner, initially set to natural gas parameters. To switch to liquefied gas, you will need to make small changes in the operating settings, which take no more than 10-15 minutes of time. The modulating device will automatically adapt to changes in gas pressure at the burner.
Economy - achieved through several features associated with modulation. The automatic adjustment of the burner simultaneously takes into account all operating parameters: pressure and heating of the coolant, fuel quality, line characteristics, and the set heating mode. During the heating process, almost 100% afterburning of the gas and the most complete and efficient use of the produced heat are ensured.

At the moment, modulating burners are available in closed and atmospheric types. Universal devices have appeared that, in addition to natural and bottled gas, can operate on liquid fuel.

How to choose the right gas burner for the boiler

Choosing the right burner on your own, without special skills, is almost impossible. Before choosing, you should get competent advice from a specialist.

When choosing, pay attention to the following aspects and technical characteristics:

Performance– the power of the heating boiler depends on the power of the burner. For this reason, the burner is selected identical in terms of power to the heating unit.
Noise characteristics of the burner- this factor is taken into account when choosing a blowing device. During operation, the fans generate high-intensity noise. Considering this feature, the leading European manufacturers equipped the burner design with a soundproof casing. When selecting, pay attention to the noise figure, the parameter in dB is indicated in the technical documentation.
Advantages and disadvantages Every burner has its pros and cons. Modulating burners are expensive and require precise initial adjustment, which requires the involvement of a specialist. Atmospheric, have an attractive cost, but in the process of operation, they spend 15-20% more "blue" fuel.
Type of boiler equipment– wall-mounted boilers, equipped exclusively with built-in burners. Models with a closed combustion chamber are equipped with turbocharged burners. On the floor boiler, you can put both a built-in and a mounted burner (higher power).
Fuel Type - Atmospheric burners are designed to burn natural gas. To use fuel from a gas cylinder, you will have to make a significant re-equipment. During the modification, the nozzles of gas burners are changed (for a propane-butane mixture, injectors with a smaller hole section are needed). Automation is additionally adjusted for low gas pressure.
As practice shows, it is far from always possible to convert single-stage burners. If you plan to connect a gas-cylinder installation, it is better to choose a two-stage or modulating burner.
Adaptation to domestic gas supply conditions- Another important factor influencing the choice of heating equipment. In the "West", in the EU countries, the main gas pressure differs significantly from domestic parameters.
It often happens that after connecting a device of even famous brands, malfunctions are observed: the flame breaks off the burner, the automation constantly gives errors and refuses to put the boiler into operation.

After selection according to operating parameters and technical characteristics, a module is selected by manufacturer and cost.

Boiler burner manufacturers

The best gas burners for boilers are made by German companies. Distinctive features of the products remain maximum automation, reliability and build quality. Separately, we can highlight the efficiency achieved by the accuracy of factory settings.

In addition to German concerns, factories located in Italy, Russia, Korea and other countries offer their products:

German burners- the best option, the only drawback of which is the high cost of the modules. Products are manufactured under the following brands:
- Buderus Logatop,
- Giersch Intercal (completes Buderus boilers).
Italian burners- a cheaper option compared to German counterparts. Practically they are not inferior in their thermal performance. Modules differ in functionality and automation. Products are offered by the following factories:
- Ferroli Sun,
- Lamborghini,
- F.B.R. gas,
- baltur,
- Ecoflam.
Gas burners for Russian-made heating boilers- the main advantage of domestic devices is unpretentiousness to the quality of fuel and the subtleties of operation. Products are produced with full adaptation and taking into account the peculiarities of the Russian winter. The following brands deserve special attention:
- Teplodar,
- Don AGU-T-M.

Of course, this list is not a complete list of brands of gas burners. Modules produced in other countries are also popular. According to sales statistics, there is a constant demand for the following products:

ACV BG (Belgium),
De Dietrich G (France),
Elco (Finland),
Bentone (Sweden),
Kiturami (Korea).

gas burner cost

Modern designs of automatic gas burners for domestic hot water boilers are more expensive due to the use of microprocessor control. The price is affected by the territorial sign, the performance of the device and the growth of the exchange rate.

Several other factors influence the cost:

Steel grade for the manufacture of gas burners- European manufacturers, use heat-resistant stainless steel. The material is durable, but increases the cost of production. In domestic modules, structural steel is often found, which has a shorter service life, but also costs approximately half as much.
Production of gas burners for boilers- made in Germany, have a price starting from 50 thousand rubles. Italian counterparts will cost from 15 thousand rubles. Russian products cost 8-10 thousand rubles.

Another factor influencing the cost of replacement is the price that will have to be paid for the installation and further adjustment of the burner. The specialist of the company selling the burners will fine-tune and adjust the flame to ensure the minimum percentage of underburning of the gas.

You can make the settings yourself, in the case of atmospheric single-stage burners. The gas supply is adjusted until the color of the flame turns blue. It will not work to independently adjust the modulating burner devices, without proper specialized training.

Do I need permission to replace the burner?

The efficiency of replacing a burner in a gas boiler depends on many components and is not always successful. The reasons for this are elementary non-compliance with the conditions for changing the burner device specified by the manufacturer of the boiler equipment.

To replace the burner, you will need the following documents:

Manufacturer's permission - all types of burners that are compatible with the boiler design are prescribed in the technical documentation.
Installation project.
The project for piping the boiler for gas.

If the module is changed to one identical in power and design, due to the failure of the old burner device, then the replacement work is regarded as a service. Registration of permits and obtaining approvals is not required. Installation of a new burner with an increase in power or configuration requires mandatory re-registration of heating equipment.

Burners for gas boilers- these are irreplaceable and most important of its constructive components. In regions with a cold climate, to which our country belongs, the issue of choosing high-quality and efficient heating equipment is one of the main issues in the design and arrangement of residential and non-residential premises. However, when choosing gas boilers and studying reviews about them, one should not only pay attention to the power and cost of the model, but also be attentive to the characteristics of the built-in or external burner. After all, the efficiency of the boiler, the stability of its operation, efficiency and environmental friendliness depend on it.

Specifications of gas burners

Their design and principle of operation is quite simple. Burners for gas boilers are devices in which a mixture of fuel and oxygen is burned to obtain a stable torch. Depending on how this mixing occurs, all models are divided into two categories.

atmospheric burners. Usually supplied with the boiler. They are tubes of rectangular cross section with perforation through which gas escapes. The latter, mixing with air, ignites from a piezoelectric element or other source of fire. Such models are simple, reliable, compact, almost silent and safe.
Forced burners. Their main difference lies in the fact that air is not injected naturally, but with the help of a built-in fan. This increases the efficiency of the boiler and saves gas, however it results in increased electricity usage and fan noise.

Also, when choosing burners, the following characteristics should be considered:

power;
possibility of regulation;
manufacturer and price;
nature of the gas mixture flow.

You can buy gas burners of any type at Teplomatika.

The pace of suburban and suburban construction requires the emergence of not only new materials and technologies, but also new solutions related to the heating systems of private houses. This is due to the fact that the infrastructure usually does not keep up with the growing like mushrooms after the rain, settlements and housing estates.

Frequent power cuts, and sometimes its complete absence, as well as remoteness from gas mains, force owners to look for new ways to heat their homes. At the same time, increased requirements are placed on the autonomy and versatility of heating units. To meet these requirements are combined heating boilers operating on multiple fuels.

Advantages and disadvantages of using multi-fuel boilers

The use of multi-fuel heating units is justified in cases where the supply of traditional types of fuel is intermittent or unavailable. At the same time, combined boilers for heating a private house have several advantages :

universality;
high reliability of work;
the possibility of complete autonomy;
additional efficiency due to switching between different types of fuel;
the possibility of automatic control of heat supply;
readiness for the use of different types of fuel without readjustment.

However, shortcomings combined boilers are their high cost, complex design and the dependence of some models on electricity (meaning units equipped with an automatic control system).

Design features of combined heating boilers

Combined boilers for the home are good because they eliminate dependence on the use of one type of fuel and, in its absence, allow you to switch to another. In addition, in the vast majority of models, a second circuit is provided, which is used to organize hot water supply to a country house.

There are also powerful multi-circuit units that allow you to additionally connect other circuits of the heating system or a floor heating system.

A multi-fuel heating boiler can run on gas, diesel fuel, any type of solid fuel, as well as electricity. To switch to another type of fuel, it will only be necessary to change the burner.

In some cases, the units are two combustion chambers- one for solid fuels and the other for gaseous or liquid fuels. In others, powerful heating elements built into the water jacket of multi-fuel boilers. It all depends on the types of fuel planned for use, therefore, on the level of autonomy of the boiler.

The use of appliances operating on several types of fuel is justified, for example, if the connection of the gas main is expected soon, and before that, wood or diesel fuel can be used.

If a gas-diesel combination is used, then the unit will not even require readjustment, since a universal burner for both types of fuel can be used.

Or take the situation when the owners come to a country house only for the weekend. These days it is possible to heat the premises with the help of cheaper solid fuel. On the other days of the week, it is only important to maintain a positive temperature, which an electric heater or a gas burner can easily handle.

Almost all multi-fuel boilers for heating a private house have automatic equipment that switches to another fuel if it is impossible to continue burning on the selected fuel. The choice of combustion parameters and mode switching is set in the boiler settings.

Types of multi-fuel boilers

When choosing a heating unit, the consumer is primarily guided by accessibility and economy applied energy resources. Depending on the availability of one or another fuel, combined heating of a private house can be built using boilers using certain combinations of combustible materials.

Gas-diesel boilers

Boilers running on diesel fuel and gas- one of the most affordable options. Their relatively low cost is explained by the design, which for these two types of fuel differs only in the type of burner, which is easy to reinstall. Some models are equipped with a universal burner that works on both fuels. Such devices are compact and have the least weight among classmates.

The undoubted advantage of boilers of this type is full automation. Human participation is minimized and consists in setting the unit settings. Excellent devices are produced by the Swedish CTC, additionally supplying them with electric water heaters of the main circuit. Among the manufacturers of the CIS countries, the Russian "Ziosab" and the Ukrainian "ATEM" can be noted.

Solid fuel and electricity boilers

In rural areas, as well as in villages remote from main gas pipelines, boilers for heating on wood and electricity are the surest option. In fact, this is an ordinary solid fuel boiler. A feature of its design is the heating elements built into the water jacket, and the automation and control unit.

The convenience of using the boiler comes from the principle of its operation: the unit mainly works by burning solid fuel. In the event of a cessation of combustion, the temperature of the coolant drops, which is monitored by the automation, which turns on the heating elements when the minimum set parameter is reached. Further operation of the unit with the help of electricity allows you to maintain the temperature inside the system within the specified limits. This allows the heat carrier not to cool down, for example, at night, or when re-laying firewood cannot be done in time.

Solid fuel boilers with gas burner

Units operating on solid and gaseous fuels have a more complex design due to completely different approaches to the combustion process. Such boilers have two combustion chambers, one for burning gas, the other for burning wood, coal, pellets, etc.

There are the simplest designs of boilers of this type, which have only one chamber - for burning solid fuels. The use of gas in them involves the installation of gas equipment (burners, automation units, etc.), which requires the call of a gas economy specialist, so such devices can be called universal at a stretch. In addition, the specificity of burning solid fuels implies constant maintenance of the boiler, which reduces the convenience of its use at times. Also, any combined boiler for heating a private house using wood-electricity is more designed to work with solid fuel, so the efficiency of the gas burned in it is lower than in traditional gas units.

Despite some shortcomings and difficulties in using such a boiler, sometimes it is the only possible option, and it is also very inexpensive. Also, do not forget about the lowest cost of firewood or pellets, as well as the possibility of its operation on some production waste. The products of Dakon (Czech Republic), Jama (Finland), Roca (Spain), and many domestic products have proven themselves excellently.

In recent years, new models have appeared on the market that work on a completely different approach to burning solid fuels. These units compete with boilers of all types, both in terms of efficiency and autonomy.

Currently, manufacturers are moving away from the production scheme of units operating on a combination of only some types of fuel, giving preference to universal models designed to burn all types of combustible materials.

Features of solid fuel boilers

As already noted, a solid fuel boiler was considered the least comfortable to use for a long time. Requiring constant maintenance, with low efficiency and, moreover, polluting the atmosphere, such a unit was used only in the absence of alternatives.

Modern models of solid fuel boilers use the principle pyrolysis combustion, based on the dry distillation of fuel, in which generator gas is released, which is burned in a special combustion chamber. At the same time, the flame temperature reaches 1000 degrees Celsius, and there are no harmful impurities in the exhaust gases. The pyrolysis process can be adjusted, so such a multi-fuel boiler can work on wood for up to 3 days, and only then will it switch to another type of fuel.

Other boilers of this type use the principle of gradual, ball by ball, fuel burning. They are not as efficient as pyrolysis boilers, however, they are also long-burning boilers and can be used in conjunction with automatic solid fuel loading units. The rotor of such machines rotates periodically, adding fuel to the combustion chamber. Solid propellant units of long burning with automatic loading can work without participation of the operator up to 10 days.

Selection criteria for multi-fuel boilers

When choosing a device, they proceed from the type of fuel available in the area. The possibility of periodic maintenance of the unit is taken into account, as well as the priority type of fuel and the required duration of the boiler operation on a particular fuel. Next, the thermal power of the unit is calculated and the number of heating system circuits that need to be connected is taken into account.

When choosing a multi-fuel boiler, pay attention to the presence of a water heating circuit. With it, you can power the hot water line.

You also need to consider how well the electricity is supplied to your home. With frequent shutdowns, it is better to choose an autonomous model that does not provide for electronic control.

The right choice of a combined boiler will allow you to achieve autonomy of the heating system, the ability not to depend on one type of fuel, and give you confidence in the future.

In each gas boiler, regardless of its model, the gas burner is the main working unit. Its function is to ensure the rapid preparation of a special air-fuel mixture, followed by its entry into the combustion chamber, as well as maintaining a stable flame throughout the entire period of operation of the heating equipment. It should be noted that the reliability of operation, as well as the efficiency of fuel consumption, is determined precisely by how high-quality a gas burner for a gas heating boiler is installed in this model. Therefore, when choosing a boiler, it is imperative to study the type and features so that the characteristics meet the requirements.

Device

Complete combustion of fuel, accompanied by efficient heat transfer, is possible only with the correct ratio of the mixture of air and gas. Such a fuel mixture burns with an almost colorless flame that has a characteristic bluish tint. When it burns, the maximum heating temperature is observed.

According to the method of intake of air and oxygen, their mixing, as well as the technology of forming a flame, experts distinguish several types of gas burners. However, as a rule, preference is given to only two varieties - atmospheric and fan. When choosing one of these types, it must be borne in mind that an atmospheric burner will need a chimney to constantly maintain natural draft, and when operating ventilation burners, you only need to bring the coaxial chimney outside the building.

In order for heating equipment to work efficiently and without failures, in addition to the combustion process, it is necessary to control the output thermal power. Therefore, the main parameter of burners for a gas boiler is power control technology. Depending on this characteristic, the following types of devices are distinguished:

Single-stage - devices can operate exclusively in the mode of complete combustion of the incoming gas. Their advantage lies in a simple design, as well as a low price. However, they have increased fuel consumption and sharp jumps in the temperature of the coolant inside the heating boiler.
Two-stage - devices in which it is possible to work both at maximum power and by about 40-60%.
Modulation - in such equipment, a two- or three-stage method is combined with a smooth adjustment of the gas supply. In it, you can change both the combustion field and the size of the flame of the torch.
Equipment with a smooth change in the size of the flame torch - the volume of gas that is supplied can be adjusted to the full volume of the burner.

Features, pros and cons of atmospheric burners

The functioning of the burner is similar to the mechanism of operation of a simple ejector, in which the gas-air mixture is prepared from gas and air coming directly from the room. The combustion field consists of several parallel rows of channels with separate nozzles.

The popularity of atmospheric burners is due to the fact that these devices have a number of important advantages:

Simple construction;
Compactness;
Affordable price;
Silent operation;
Adjusting the output power of the burner does not require special skills;
Easy installation technology;
Lack of energy dependence;
Maintenance can be performed independently at home.

But when choosing such equipment for heating a house, it must be taken into account that a chimney is required for operation, and the quality of its work directly depends on the shape of the individual elements and the correctness of its installation.

Features, pros and cons of fan burners

These devices are characterized by a complex design and an automated control system, which ensures almost complete control of all processes in heating equipment.

Among the main advantages of burners of this type should be noted:

The ability to adjust the power of work in a fairly wide range;
Ensuring full control of the preparation of the gas-air mixture;
Fuel combustion control;
Economical fuel consumption;
The device helps to increase the efficiency of the gas boiler;
Can be used in buildings without a chimney;
There is no need to reconfigure or change the design of equipment for the use of fuel of the combined composition.

However, there are also disadvantages: volatility, high price, additional installation of a voltage stabilizer and UPS, the need for the help of service centers to perform maintenance.

Automation

Tasks such as preparing the fuel mixture or regulating the combustion process are performed due to the design features of the burner, the size and shape of the outlet nozzles and nozzles. The automation of the device is designed to perform the following functions:

Setting the optimal thermal power;
Constant support for the combustion of the igniter;
Ignition of a spark flame by a spark gap or a special piezoelectric element;
Pressure regulation inside the gas pipeline;
Control of changes in the temperature of the heating system;
Provision of traction;
Elimination of violations in the functioning of the fan;
Response to flame extinction;
Shutting off the supply of natural gas in an emergency;
Sending a signal about the problem to the display.

Setting

Performing the adjustment of atmospheric burners consists in adjusting the location of the damper for the flow of air, as well as adjusting the position of the jet responsible for dosing the gas, and the nozzle. When the burner is working properly, the flame is uniform with a bluish tint.

If a fan-type device was selected, then the initial setting will only be needed for a damper at the inlet of air flows to control their volume. The minimum requirements are due to the fact that the system is automated and equipped with an electronic control unit, which almost completely eliminates manual control of the mechanical components of the heating equipment. In addition, in such burners there is a gearbox responsible for the normal composition of the gas-air mixture at the inlet.

Popular Models

Many companies are engaged in the production of gas burners for heating. Therefore, on the market you can find devices of various models that differ from each other in design, parameters, operating principle and technical characteristics. Among the most popular models of domestic production, the Hearth, UGOL-P, KCHM and Kupper are noted.

In addition, users often prefer burners from foreign manufacturers: Lamborghini, Cib Unigas, Buderus, and Weishaupt.

Gas burner for the boiler Cooper AGG-26K

How to clean?

During active use, the devices should be regularly maintained, including cleaning. If their design includes a fine filter, then it must be changed or cleaned. In the absence of this part, the nozzles are cleaned from dirt, dust, and oily substances.

This procedure is carried out using compressed air, the pressure of which should not exceed the values specified by the manufacturer. In addition, many use normal airflow. The nozzles are cleaned with a polymer brush with a short bristle of medium hardness. Additionally, it is recommended to use special detergents. Over time, the internal cavity of the outlet nozzles also becomes clogged with foreign substances, so it is imperative to check their condition as well.

When choosing a gas burner for a gas boiler, it should be borne in mind that atmospheric devices are much easier to clean, because the design is completely disassembled. This can be done even at home. But for maintenance of fan burners, it is necessary to contact the service center.

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