- Listen, Bazin, do you have a dream?
- What dream?
- Well, what do you dream about in life?
- I have a dream to buy a coat.
- Well, what is this dream?
....
- On, wear on health.
- Are you crazy, or what?
- Wear - and dream of something great.
Courier (film, 1986)

Two weeks ago, I was lucky enough to visit the Kola NPP as part of a blog tour organized by the Leningrad NPP. Visiting a nuclear power plant was my old dream. I always thought that Balakovskaya would become such a station, but at one time the stars did not align, although I hope to see it someday. Moreover, I know the city well, and I have never been, and I have seen the nuclear power plant itself more than once from different angles. Not enough, in general, for a complete picture of the city.

Nuclear energy is not a thing that can be quickly explained on the fingers, so I will not go into too much detail, especially since long and thoughtful texts are poorly perceived by the LJ audience.

In order to get to the Kola NPP, we left early in the morning in the direction of the city of Polyarnye Zori, which is located 224 kilometers from Murmansk. This city is very young and, as you might guess, it arose solely due to the existence of a nuclear power plant in its vicinity. Of the fifteen thousand people, about two thousand work directly at nuclear power plants. Unlike the regional center, here everything is normal with the dynamics of the population. And if this value has decreased in recent years, it is extremely insignificant (not to be compared with the frightening figures of Murmansk). It is clear that work at the station can be considered prestigious. And people are coming here. Again, it is clear that some of the specialists are not local, such is the specifics of the industry.

With the first glimpses of dawn, absolutely bewitching landscapes open up to us. I travel a lot in Russia and never cease to be amazed at what a fantastic nature we have. Snow-covered mountains and forests, nimble non-freezing rivers and huge lakes rush through the windows of the bus. Unlike Murmansk, there is already a good, strong frost here.

First, we stopped at the territory of the training and rehabilitation center, located opposite the road to the station itself. The area located on the lake is impressive and more like a good European resort. Yevgeny Chenousyak, methodologist for FKiS, told us about the work of the Center. In general, the sports component here is very impressive and, as I understand it, the inhabitants of the region are generally quite athletic, especially, of course, this applies to winter sports. And at the same Kola NPP, all conditions for full-fledged sports have been created. The so-called "social sphere" is impressive. Of course, no one here, as in Soviet times, will distribute housing (the times are not the same), but again they will help with this, let's add medicine here, the already mentioned sport. We will remove the hustle and bustle of big cities, traffic jams. Nature, as I have already mentioned, is breathtaking in these parts. And in general, I got the impression that people come here to work seriously and for a long time. And no wonder, given the various tolerances, checks, etc. It's not for you to get a taxi driver.

The station workers, involved in active sports life, have time to travel to various competitions and bring awards from there. In short, a healthy mind in a healthy body.

1. An ordinary village in the Murmansk region.

Of course, a lot is devoted to security issues. If when visiting the Saratov hydroelectric power station, when we were introduced to the local security system, I clearly understood for myself that even a mouse would not slip through unnoticed, then at the Kola NPP I was strengthened in the opinion that even a thought would not slip through here unnoticed. Once you're outside the station's perimeter, your every move is under control. Although I suspect that this is starting to happen even earlier) I think it makes no sense to mention the long-verified passport data, clearly verified numbers of cameras and lenses, laid out long before personal belongings arrived at the station. In this regard, we were very lucky: we brought all the declared photographic equipment with us and could freely take photographs in the designated places. And this is already a kind of revolution in blog tours at nuclear power plants, because everyone probably remembers that during the first such trips at some stations, photographic equipment was simply confiscated. Since then, a lot of water has flowed under the bridge, and many of those who wanted to see with their own eyes how this amazing atomic organism lives, had the opportunity to do so. Safety precautions, various checks, reconciliations, transitions from one space to another naturally take a lot of time. But I would even get nervous if I saw even a hint of gouging here. And so, the atomic border is locked. The transition to the engine room and power units really looked like crossing the border - reconciliation of passports and equipment, submachine gunners ... they just didn’t get a visa. How many representatives of the security service were with us is a state secret, but there were quite a few of them for each blogger) So somewhere there it would be simply impossible to click something secretly in a quick way, and at the end of the visit, the security services may well selectively look at your camera. In this situation, it is clear that only a number of points were allowed for shooting and, by the way, a rather small one. Personally, I really missed the general view of the station, especially impressive, as I understand it, it would look from the side of the lake or the canal between them. And I really wanted to see the trout farm, which they are proud of here. But it's more of a matter of time. Since it took us a whole day to visit the station. I almost said light, which would have sounded funny in the context of the polar night that had come there.

In the Murmansk region, there are many things that are the first or the only ones beyond the Arctic Circle, the northernmost, and the like. Kola NPP is the first nuclear power plant in Russia built beyond the Arctic Circle. The northernmost nuclear power plant in Europe. The station consists of four power units, with VVER-440 reactors and K-220-44-3 turbines of the Kharkov Turbine Plant and TVV-220-2AU3 generators manufactured by the St. Petersburg plant Elektrosila. The thermal power of the NPP is 5,500 MW, which corresponds to the installed electric power of 1,760 MW.

Today, the station is the main supplier of electricity for two regions - the Murmansk region and Karelia.

It is organizationally divided into the 1st (block 1.2) and 2nd (block -3.4) stages, due to differences in the design of the VVER-440 reactor plants of the V-230 project (block 1.2) and V-213 (blocks 3,4).

In 1991-2005, a large reconstruction of the equipment was carried out at the 1st stage, which made it possible to bring it into line with the new requirements of the NSP (nuclear safety rules) and extend the service life by 15 years.

In 2006, a complex for the processing of liquid radioactive waste (CP LRW) was put into operation. In 2007, work began on the reconstruction of blocks No. 3 and 4.

An interesting fact is that Galina Alekseevna Petkevich launched the Kola NPP. This is the first and so far the only woman in the world who launched a nuclear reactor.

Joint machine room of the Kola NPP. In the engine room there are 4 K-220-44-3 turbines with TVV-220-2AU3 type generators. The electrical power of each turbogenerator is 440 MW. At the entrance here we take earplugs, the noise here is such that you can't hear your neighbor.

If we could freely walk around the engine room "in civilian life", then the transition to power units required a complete change of clothes. Of his body, only, sorry, underwear remained. The chain and cross went to a special locker. In general, all these dressing up and leaving things in different places made me worry. I am prone to some absent-mindedness, therefore, always trying to clearly keep in mind where everything lies and not to forget about anything. Here we left things gradually and as a result there were about five different places like that, as a result, the cameras were taken at the exit and returned in another place. But he seems to have coped with serious brain tension and did not mix up or forget anything). Everyone was given dosimeters, and at the exit from each room it was necessary to check for "cleanliness".

9. Avezniyazov Slava Rinatovich - head of the workshop for handling radioactive waste. (TsORO) Kola NPP.

10. Block control panel of the TsORO complex

16. In the workshop for the processing of radioactive waste.

Let us dwell a little more on radioactive waste, especially since this topic is always on the buzz, and the legends about their burial here and there are very strong in popular rumor. So, if it is quite primitive, then at the output we have liquid radioactive waste, called LRW. When I first heard this beautiful abbreviation, reminiscent of something French, I did not know what it was about. At the Kola NPP there is a complex for processing such waste - KP. Without abbreviations at a nuclear power plant, it’s just as difficult for an uninformed person here as it is at a military facility or a ship. As a result, the output is already non-radioactive melt. The Kola NPP were the pioneers of this technology.

The technology of purification of LRW from radionuclides used at the LRW KP of the Kola NPP is unique. It allows to reduce the amount of radioactive waste to be disposed of by more than 50 times.

KP LRW of the Kola NPP is intended for extraction of bottom residues from storage tanks and their purification from radionuclides, concentration of radionuclides in the minimum volume and their transfer to the solid phase, which ensures safe storage and disposal. The product of processing bottom residues is a hardened salt product (salt melt), which does not belong to the RW category. The second direction of processing is the cementation of spent ion-exchange resins and sludge.

If you still have the strength after all these abbreviations, let's take another look at the NPP training center.

21. Block control panel in the training center. A real control room at a nuclear power plant looks exactly the same.

For each reactor block, a control room is required, designed for centralized control of the main technological installations and. the main technological equipment during start-up, normal operation, scheduled shutdown and emergency situations. From the control room, the switches of generators, transformers are controlled. n., backup power inputs with. n. 6 and 0.4 kV, switches of electric motors s.n. power units, generator excitation systems, diesel generator sets and other emergency sources, fire extinguishing devices for cable rooms and power unit transformers.

The control room of each NPP power unit is located in a separate room (main building or a separate building).

At NPPs, the control room consists of operational and non-operational parts. In the operational part there are consoles, panels with controls, remote control and regulation. In the non-operational part there are panels for periodic control, electronic regulation, logical control of technological protection.

And in the Polyarnye Zori themselves, we visited the information center of the Kola NPP. A tour of the center was conducted for us by the head of the information service, Tatyana Rozontova. Actually, she stoically accompanied us all day, for which many thanks to her and the entire staff of the station.

32. The turtle, by the way, is made from the same LRW that was mentioned above. Such turtles could become a kind of souvenir from the station, but for obvious reasons, the turtles do not crawl beyond the boundaries of the territories under the jurisdiction of the nuclear power plant.

Used materials:
https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%90%D0 %AD%D0%A1
http://www.energyland.info/analytic-show-91474
http://www.gigavat.com/pgu_foto3.php

Thanks to Tatyana Rozontova, #KAES and #LAES for the opportunity to visit the Kola NPP.

News

30 March 2020
Kola NPP: The APR NPP Foundation invites you to participate in the competition of scientific works “Clean Energy. Atomic Context"
The founder of the competition dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the nuclear industry is the Foundation for Assistance to the Development of Municipalities "Association of territories where nuclear power plants are located".

25 March 2020
Young photographers from Polyarnye Zori compete for a ticket to the international environmental forum
In the satellite city of the Kola NPP, the results of the regional stage of the IV International Competition for Children's Photography "In the Embrace of Nature" were summed up.

KOLA NPP

Location: near the city of Polyarnye Zori (Murmansk region)
Reactor type: VVER-440
Number of power units: 4

Kola NPP is a unique energy enterprise, the first nuclear power plant built in the harsh climatic conditions of the Arctic and the northernmost nuclear power plant in Europe.

The launch of the first power unit of the Kola NPP took place on June 29, 1973. This date is considered the birthday of the enterprise, which today is a branch of the Rosenergoatom concern, the electric power division of the Rosatom State Corporation.

The Kola nuclear power plant reliably supplies electricity to more than half of consumers in the Murmansk region and Karelia. The enterprise is one of the largest taxpayers in the Murmansk region. At the end of 2019, almost 2.5 billion rubles were transferred to the consolidated budget of the region.

Electricity generation at the Kola NPP is provided by four power units with VVER-type reactors with a capacity of 440 MW each.

In 2019, the plant successfully completed a large-scale modernization of the power units of the first stage, which made it possible to increase their safety level by an order of magnitude and extend their service life until 2033 and 2034. The Kola NPP has become the only nuclear power plant in Russia where the program of re-extension of the service life of two power units has been implemented.

The extension of the operating life of the power units of the Kola NPP guarantees a reliable energy supply to the Arctic region and stimulates the creation of new innovative industries in the Kola Arctic.

Kolskaya in 2019 was recognized as the best nuclear power plant in Russia in the field of safety culture.

Distance to the satellite town (Polyarnye Zori) – 11 km; to the regional center (Murmansk) - 170 km.

OPERATING POWER UNITS OF KOLA NPP

tags

Kola NPP is a branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC (part of the electric power division of Rosatom State Corporation). This is the first nuclear power plant in Russia built beyond the Arctic Circle. For 45 years, the northern nuclear power plant has been operating reliably and efficiently, remaining an environmentally friendly enterprise and providing the Murmansk region and the Republic of Karelia with electricity. For more than 10 years, the nuclear power plant has been successfully headed by Vasily Omelchuk.

northernmost

The Kola NPP is located 200 kilometers south of Murmansk on the shores of Lake Imandra, 12 kilometers from the city of Polyarnye Zori. The station generates about 60% of electricity in the Murmansk region.

The history of the Kola NPP began in the mid-1960s: the active development of the northern territories continued, and the rapid development of industry required large energy costs. The country's leadership decided to build a nuclear power plant in the Arctic, and in 1969 the builders laid the first cubic meter of concrete. In 1973, the first power unit of the nuclear power plant supplied current to the Unified Energy System of the country, and in 1984 the last, 4th power unit, was put into operation.

In 1991-2005, a large-scale reconstruction of equipment was carried out at the first stage of the plant, which made it possible to bring it into line with the new requirements of nuclear safety rules and extend its operation life by 15 years. In 2007, work began on the reconstruction of Units 3 and 4; in 2011, a license was obtained from Rostekhnadzor to operate Unit 3 in an additional period.

The branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC Kola Nuclear Power Plant, like all NPPs in Russia, demonstrates reliable and safe operation in all areas, including environmental safety issues.

For the first time in the history of the Russian nuclear power industry

At the end of June of this year, residents of Polyarnozorinsk and guests of the city of nuclear scientists celebrated a double holiday: the 45th anniversary of the launch of the first power unit of the Kola NPP and the 50th anniversary of the founding of the city of Polyarnye Zori.

According to the head of KNPP Vasily Omelchuk, the best gift for the staff of the enterprise was the decision taken on June 28 by Rostekhnadzor to grant Rosenergoatom Concern from July this year a license that gives the right to operate the nuclear plant of power unit No. 1 of the Kola NPP for an additional period of 15 years - up to 2033.

Deputy General Director - Director of the branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC "Kola Nuclear Power Plant" Vasily Omelchuk

I want to emphasize that the repeated extension of the operation of power units is taking place for the first time in the history of the Russian nuclear industry. A significant amount of work has already been done. Ahead is the implementation of many more promising projects.

The safety level of four power units with VVER-440 reactors meets the modern requirements of domestic and international standards, which has been repeatedly confirmed by Russian and international experts.

The Kola NPP has hosted IAEA missions more than once. The last one took place in 2014, and in November 2018 the plant will once again receive OSART mission experts as part of the Rosenergoatom Concern's corporate audit.

The staff of the enterprise adequately prepared for the anniversary. For several years, a lot of work was carried out to modernize the equipment, which made it possible to increase the safety and reliability of nuclear power plants by an order of magnitude. In 2017 alone, 2.5 billion rubles were spent for these purposes.

- Having worked for 45 years, the Kola station remains a safe industrial facility, - says the head. – The enterprise has never exceeded the standards set by the state for nuclear facilities.

In cooperation with foreign colleagues

Kola NPP continues the technical assistance programs of Norway, Sweden and Finland. During the long-term cooperation of the station with the Scandinavian countries, more than 50 joint projects aimed at improving the safety of the nuclear power plant have been implemented.

Thus, within their framework, the equipment for non-destructive testing of metal was modernized, the installations for eddy current testing of steam generator tubes, radiation monitoring equipment, fire extinguishing systems, water-chemical monitoring, a system for displaying safety parameters, and software were delivered.

NPPs pay special attention to the training and education of personnel: various trainings and seminars are held for nuclear scientists with the participation of foreign specialists from SSM, STUK and the IFE Institute. In the first quarter of 2018, it is planned to supply the Kola NPP with equipment worth more than 100 thousand euros: ultrasonic transducers for the reactor pressure vessel metal monitoring system (AREVA production), as well as Gamma Tracer radiation monitoring devices (Positron, Germany).

AtomSkills-2018: again with prizes

In August of this year, the third AtomSkills-2018 championship of professional skills of the State Corporation Rosatom was held in Yekaterinburg.

This is the most important event in the nuclear industry, its goal is to improve the professional skills of the best young engineers and workers of nuclear enterprises.

The competition brought together a record number of participants, experts, guests and fans - more than two thousand people in total. For four days, engineers, drivers, turners and electricians from 78 industrial enterprises of the country competed in skills in 28 competencies.

As a result, the Kola NPP won prizes in three out of four nominations. This is another achievement of northern nuclear scientists.

The winners received awards from Alexei Likhachev, Director General of the Rosatom State Corporation, and Evgeny Kuyvashev, Governor of the Sverdlovsk Region.

Over the years, station workers have become AtomSkills winners in the competencies of Dosimetrist, Industrial Automation, and Electrical Installation.

The team of the largest electric power division of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC at the Rosatom industry championship included 124 people - 54 contestants and 70 experts. In total, the team has 17 medals in 11 competencies.

City and station - one whole

The Kola NPP is a city-forming enterprise for the Polar Dawns with a population of 16,000 inhabitants. Thanks to industry support, a whole range of social projects is being implemented in the city.

With the assistance of KNPP, the House of Culture, a swimming pool, a sports stadium were built, the wooden Orthodox Holy Trinity Church became the decoration of the Polar Dawns. In 2002, on the Power Engineer's Day, a new indoor ice stadium opened its doors.

The commissioning of the electric boiler house provided a reduction in the cost of expensive fuel oil, reduced the amount of emissions into the atmosphere and solved the problem of hot water supply for housing stock and enterprises in the summer.

In 2018, more than 40 million rubles will be spent on the creation of sports and cultural facilities only under the agreement between Rosatom and the government of the Murmansk region. At the same time, the management of the enterprise always notes that the city and the nuclear power plant are a single whole.

According to the Director of the Kola NPP, Deputy Chairman of the Murmansk Regional Duma Vasily Omelchuk, the management of Rosatom, the Rosenergoatom Concern and the Kola NPP, the regional government and the administration of the city of Polyarnye Zori are successfully interacting in an effort to make the city as comfortable as possible for life.

The priority of the year is the construction of a sports and recreation complex in Polyarnye Zori. Another large-scale project being implemented today is the creation of a city park on the shores of Lake Pinozero. In a few years, a huge park with many infrastructure facilities appeared on the site of a forest in the southern part of the city.

Deputy General Director- Director of the branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC Kola Nuclear Power Plant Vasily Omelchuk

Born in 1953 in Ukraine, in the city of Uman, Cherkasy region. In 1975 he graduated with honors from the Odessa Polytechnic Institute with a degree in Nuclear Power Plants and Installations.

He has been working at the Kola NPP since 1975, starting as an operator. Since 1988, he worked as Deputy Chief Engineer. In 1994–2008, he was Chief Engineer of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant branch of FSUE Rosenergoatom Concern, Chief Engineer of the Kola Nuclear Power Plant branch of Energoatom Concern JSC.

Since 2009 - Deputy General Director - Director of the branch of Rosenergoatom Concern JSC "Kola Nuclear Power Plant".

V.V. Omelchuk - Deputy Chairman of the Murmansk Regional Duma.

He was awarded the medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" II degree (2000), the medal of the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" I degree (2006).

In 2018, Vasily Vasilyevich Omelchuk celebrates his 65th birthday.

Based on materials from the official website of the Kola NPP

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City

Activity

Kola NPP is the first nuclear power plant in Russia located beyond the Arctic Circle. Nuclear power generation is about 60% of electricity generation in the Murmansk region.

The Kola NPP is located 200 km south of the city of Murmansk and 12 km from the city of Polyarnye Zori on the shores of Lake Imandra;

Benefits and working conditions (unique benefits)

Continuous learning and development.
Work in a team of professionals.
stability and confidence in the future.
Competitive wages.

Opportunities for students and graduates

For students of educational institutions, there is an opportunity to undergo industrial and undergraduate practice at the Kola NPP.
The priority right (ceteris paribus) in employment is given to graduates of the flagship higher educational institutions of the State Corporation Rosatom and an average score of at least 4.2.

Corporate programs

Voluntary health insurance.
The program of health resort treatment of employees, their children and children's recreation.
Corporate programs of non-state pension provision.
Programs for young specialists.
Programs of sports and cultural events.

Location

Polyarnye Zori (Murmansk region)

Website

Contacts

Berezyuk Svetlana Valentinovna (on practice issues), Head of HR Development Department, 8(81532)42229, [email protected]

Krasilnikov Nikolai Evgenievich (on employment matters), Head of the Human Resources Department, 8(81532)42357, [email protected]

Solovieva Elvira Nailevna (employment), Human Resources Specialist, 8(81532)42337, [email protected]

Kola NPP, or KAES for short, is a branch of Rosenergoatom Concern OJSC.

The Kola Nuclear Power Plant is located 12 km from the city of Polyarnye Zori located in the Murmansk region.

Subdivisions of KNPP

The main divisions of the Kola NPP are:

• Department of Nuclear Safety and Reliability (NaBiN)
• Electric Shop (EC)
• Turbine Workshop (TC)
• Reactor Shop (RC)
• Radioactive Waste Management Workshop (CRORO)
• Thermal Automation and Measurement Workshop (CTAI)
• Chemical shop (HC)
• Centralized Repair Shop (CCR)
• Railway section (Railway)

Design of the Kola NPP

The station has four power units, each power unit has a VVER-440 type reactor, a K-220-44-3 turbine of the Kharkov Turbine Plant and a TVV-220-2AU3 type generator manufactured by the St. Petersburg plant Elektrosila.

The capacity of the Kola NPP is 5500 MW, which corresponds to the installed electric capacity of 1760 MW.

The organizational structure can be divided into two parts. The first part includes block 1 and block 2, the second part includes block 3 and block 4.

They have differences in the design of reactor plants, the VVER-440 units of the V-230 project are located in blocks 1 and 2, and the units of the V-213 project are in blocks 3 and 4.

In the period from 1991 to 2005, a large reconstruction of the equipment was carried out at the 1st stage, which made it possible to bring it into line with the new requirements of the NSP (nuclear safety rules) and extend the service life by 15 years.

In 2006, a complex for the processing of liquid radioactive waste (CP LRW) was put into operation.

In 2007, work began on the reconstruction of blocks No. 3 and 4.

Communication with the power system

Communication with the power system is carried out via five power transmission lines (TL) with a voltage of 330 kV.

• L396, L496- KolAES - SS 330 kV Knyazhegubskaya (PS-206).
• L397, L398- KolNPP - SS 330 kV Monchegorsk (PS-11) (Monchegorsk).
• L404- KolNPP - SS 330 kV Titan (PS-204) (Apatity).
• L148- KolAES - Cascade of Nivskiye HPPs (NIVA-1,-2,-3) - 110 kV.
• L55- KolAES - electric boiler house of the city of Polyarnye Zori - 110 kV.

A variant is being worked out with the construction of a power transmission line to the north of Finland, Sweden, Norway (Pechenga energy bridge).

Power units of KNPP

• Kola-1, has the type of reactor VVER-440/230, with a net power of 440 MW, launched on 06/29/1973
• Kola-2, has the type of reactor VVER-440/230, with a net power of 440 MW, launched on 02/21/1975
• Kola-3, has the type of reactor VVER-440/213, with a net power of 440 MW, launched on 03.12.1982
• Cola-4, has the type of reactor VVER-440/213, with a net power of 440 MW, launched on 10/11/1984
• Cola-II, it is planned to install a reactor of the VVER-600/498 type, with a net capacity of 675 MW, the launch is scheduled for 2031.

Accident at the Kola NPP

February 2, 1993

Due to the storm wind, all power transmission lines departing from the KNPP were disconnected, the station was de-energized, emergency protections were triggered at all reactor units of the NPP and the reactors were transferred to a subcritical state.

Cooling down of the reactor units of blocks 3 and 4 occurred due to the power supply from standby diesel generators. The standby diesel generators of units 1 and 2 were not connected to the power consumers of the cooling system due to a design error.

Cooling of the reactor units of blocks 1 and 2 was carried out due to natural circulation, which ensures long-term removal of heat from the reactor core, corresponding to 10% of the power, which is an order of magnitude higher than the existing level of decay heat.

According to the official data of the Annual Report on the Activities of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision (FS ETAN), in 2006 at the Kola NPP there were 4 violations in work, subject to registration in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for investigating and accounting for violations in the operation of nuclear power plants, including 3 violations with the operation of emergency protection and one associated with a failure in the equipment of security systems.

According to FS ETAN, the largest number of violations in the operation of nuclear power plants "is caused by the root causes of design, management deficiencies and shortcomings in the organization of operation."

According to the Federal Service, the most important safety problems for nuclear power plants with VVER reactors are: the high degree of filling of storage facilities for radioactive waste (Kolskaya - the storage of liquid radioactive waste is 79% full - in total more than 6600 tons of waste have been accumulated) and "the lack of a decision on the long-term storage of conditioned radioactive waste ".

According to the report, in 2006, the Kola NPP released into the atmosphere a significant amount of hazardous radionuclides - Cesium-137 - 8.2 Megabecquerel, Cobalt-60 - 80.5 Megabecquerel, Iodine-131 - 18.8 Megabecquerel, inert radioactive gases (Krypton- 85, etc.) - 700 Megabecquerel. Data on tritium emissions are not available.