Fused hydraulic isolation. Rolled waterproofing materials - laying features. Vertical welded waterproofing. Foundation waterproofing price Surface preparation before installation of roll materials

Extending the life of a building and protecting it from premature destruction are the main tasks that high-quality waterproofing performs. Its use during the construction of a structure prevents the penetration of groundwater and weakening of the foundation, protects the entire structure from low temperatures and the effects of biologically active and chemical substances.

The use of insulating material preserves not only the foundation of the building, but also vertical ceilings, door and window openings (at the junction with the walls). Moisture coming from groundwater and atmospheric precipitation contributes to the development of mold fungi, and when it freezes inside the building material, it expands and destroys the foundation of the building.

Varieties of insulating materials

Modern rolled waterproofing is divided into classes according to different criteria:

• according to the method of attachment to the base;
• according to the base material used.

Based on the method of fastening, insulating materials are divided into welded, adhesive or mechanically fixed.

Fused waterproofing

The built-up insulating material is a non-decaying base with a layer of a binder coating applied to it. The lower part of the roof insulation is a layer of polyethylene, which, when heated by burners, melts and is firmly fixed on the surface.

The basis of the built-up insulation can be fiberglass / fiberglass, polyester. These materials have replaced the traditional cardboard used in previous years.

The binder component of rolled waterproofing is bitumen or bitumen-polymer mastics, often with the addition of APP (atactic polypropylene), called artificial plastic or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene) artificial rubber.

Fused rolled waterproofing is the most commonly used roofing material. Its distribution is explained by high performance, simple installation and affordable price. Welded roofing can be installed at any time of the year and on any basis. In addition, the built-up insulation laid in accordance with the technology is a single whole, there are practically no gaps and joints in it, which enhances its waterproofing properties.

Mechanically fixed rolled waterproofing

Unlike welded waterproofing, in a mechanically fixed roll roofing material, the bottom layer is not a plastic film, but fine-grained sand. The prototype of rolled waterproofing with a mechanical option for fixing on the surface is the well-known roofing material.

Modern waterproofing is available in rolls, the canvas is attached to the base with self-tapping screws or overhead strips. The disadvantage of using this option for fixing insulation is the complexity of installation and reduced efficiency in protecting the roof / foundation from moisture penetration.

Adhesive (pasting) waterproofing

Paste waterproofing, similar to welded waterproofing, has a base made of PVC or fiberglass coated with a bitumen-polymer component and mineral dressing. For laying gluing waterproofing, mastics or glue based on epoxy resin are used. Reliable protection against moisture is achieved by installing 2-5 layers of insulating material.

Gluing waterproofing membranes can be mounted on any base, their laying does not require special knowledge or additional tools. The main condition for the perfect implementation of waterproofing with adhesive materials is a flat base surface, without protrusions and irregularities. In addition, gluing waterproofing requires conditions for drying, so installation is carried out in warm, rainy weather.

Classification of roll materials by insulating composition

In the production of rolled waterproofing coatings, the following materials can be used as the main protective ingredient:

• Bituminous composition - is a bitumen resin mixed with crushed basalt / shale chips. Such a coating is used for the manufacture of roofing material, roofing felt, glass roofing material.
• Bitumen-polymer composition - made with the addition of special additives to bitumen that increase its elasticity and heat resistance. Synthetic rubber or artificial plastic act as modifiers. Additives improve the resistance of bitumen to high temperatures and exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This type of coating is indispensable in regions with a hot climate.
• Membrane insulation is the most high-tech material of the new generation. It is made of high or low density polyethylene, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) or TPO (polyofepin) and is a thin film, the thickness of which varies from 0.2 to 2 mm. Some types of membrane coating provide for the application of a corrugated layer, which gives a more effective result in adhesion to the solution.

Waterproofing membranes have a number of advantages:

1. strength and resistance to external damage;
2. durability - the service life reaches 50 years;
3. protection from corrosion, decay, decomposition or exposure to aggressive liquids;
4. the ability to use at a variety of temperature conditions - from -400 C to +500 C;
5. environmental Safety.

Classes and types of roll waterproofing

Produced roofing waterproofing, depending on the purpose, quality, components used and price category, are divided into several classes.

Material class	Name	Price range	Characteristics	Purpose
Premium	Technoelast	100-160 rubles/m2 For models with a noise-absorbing effect - the price is up to 250 rubles / sq.m.	Built-up coating with application of bitumen and SBS-modifier. It is used at a temperature from-50 to +1000C.	The lower / upper layers of the roof, underground utilities.
	Technoelastmost	235-250 rubles/sq.m.	The canvas is 5-5.2 mm thick, the level of heat resistance is up to + 1000C. Filler - bitumen with artificial rubber (SBS). High-strength coating, service life - up to 40 years.	Waterproofing of reinforced concrete slabs on the carriageway of roads or in the form of an adhesive layer on the spans of bridge structures.
Business	Uniflex	85-130 rubles per square meter, depending on the thickness and type of base.	Welded coating with SBS-modified bitumen filler. Damage resistant, durable. The expert period between repairs is at least 18 years. The flexibility of the material is maintained at temperatures up to -200C.	Laying of the upper and lower layers of the roof, repair roofing, waterproofing of the foundation, basements, basement floors.
Standard	bipol	70-90 rub./sq.m.	Welding material, binder layer 1.5 mm thick. Withstands temperatures from -150C to +850C. The top layer of the coating is slate chips. Service life - 5 years.	It is used as the first layer of roofing or for the top of the roof. Repair of the roof of the housing stock.
	Bicroelast	67-84 rub/sq.m.	Welding material based on fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester. Protective coating - slate powder or film. Thickness 3-4 mm, remains flexible at -100C.	It is used as a lining material for arranging roofs, waterproofing structures of various types - buildings, tunnels, bridges. Variety "K" is used to cover the top layer of the roof.
Economy	Bikrost	55-85 rubles/sq.m.	Built-up coating, with bituminous filler. Flexibility is maintained only at positive temperatures, heat resistance - up to + 800C. Thickness 3-4 mm, service life - up to 10 years.	Waterproofing, installation of the lower / upper layer of the roof - depending on the coating.
	Euroruberoid P	13-16 rubles/sq.m.	Coating based on fiberglass, with the application of modified bitumen. A protective coating is applied to both sides of the insulating sheet. The thickness of the protective layer is 2-5 kg/sq.m.	Waterproofing of building structures, arrangement and repair of roofing carpet in buildings.

The building materials market represents a wide range of models of rolled waterproofing coatings - both universal and designed for a specific type of work.

Symbols for grades of rolled waterproofing

In addition to the name of the waterproofing material model, there are letter markings in the name. Each of the letters denotes a specific feature inherent in this brand of waterproofing, based on the use of a specific base and characteristics of the protective layer.

Thus, the roll insulation of the Uniflex HPP model stands for a material with a fiberglass base, covered on both sides with a protective film.

Roll waterproofing for the floor

High-quality insulation of the floor from moisture penetration is not only protection against leaks, but also the normalization of the level of humidity in the room, counteracting the development of fungi and mold, preventing the destruction of the wooden base of the floor and foundation.

The construction market offers the consumer a wide range of floor waterproofing products - from mastics and penetrating materials to injection waterproofing materials. But roll coatings traditionally retain their leading positions due to their availability and high strength.

The undoubted advantages of rolled waterproofing materials include:

• flexibility and elasticity of isol, resistance to deformation and stretching;
• ease of installation;
• the ability to use on any surface - wood, concrete, metal, stone;
• minimum drying time between laying layers of waterproofing.

It should be borne in mind that laying rolled roofing will require preliminary preparation of the base. An unprepared floor is the reason for the rapid detachment of the insulation and the penetration of moisture into the floor and between floors.

Depending on the type of floor, various methods of installing waterproofing are used:

• sticker - suitable for all types of floor;
• fusing - used on a concrete floor;
• flooring - used on a wooden floor.

Before installing the roll waterproofing, it is advisable to completely remove the old coating. Ideally, it is recommended to free the floor down to the concrete base. After careful removal of debris, dirt and dust, it is necessary to repair all existing chips and cracks, remove protrusions and burrs with a grinder. The concrete floor leveled with a building mixture should be dried during the day and the surface should be sanded with coarse-grained sandpaper.

When laying a waterproofing material on a wooden floor, make sure that all the boards are intact, there is no creaking or bending of the floors. If necessary, it is recommended to repair the floor before installing waterproofing or replacing individual floorboards.

Before starting the main work, it is necessary to round off the junctions of the floor and the wall with cement mortar - so the insulating material will fit more evenly and avoid kinks. After thorough drying, the floor is primed twice, and the places where the wall adjoins the floor are treated with a moisture-resistant compound or artificial rubber tape.

Until the moment of laying the waterproofing material, the material should be kept indoors for at least a day. In this case, the roll must be unrolled or cut into pieces along the length of the room.

The method of fastening the waterproofing depends on the chosen brand of material. When laying the insulating coating “flooring”, individual panels should overlap one another with an overlap of 20-25 cm. The laid material is fixed with self-tapping screws or pressed with floorboards.

Installation of rolled waterproofing of the built-up type requires the use of a propane burner (temperature 145-1600C), with which the lower layer will be melted and fixed on the floor. It is important to know that a change in the recommended flame temperature in one direction or another can lead to an early detachment of the insulating coating.

When using the adhesive method of laying the waterproofing material, bitumen-polymer mastic or glue is applied to the base of the floor, heated to a temperature of 25-250C. If the adhesive layer has already been applied to the coating, then additional processing with mastic is not carried out. After laying, all joints of the panels are smeared with glue, and the surface of the isolate is rolled with pressure rollers.

To reliably protect the premises from moisture ingress, it is recommended to use at least two layers of waterproofing, laying them at an angle of 900 to each other. After the coating has hardened, it is necessary to eliminate the existing defects (air bubbles, irregularities) and proceed with the laying of concrete screed, ceramic tiles or other material.

Roll waterproofing for the foundation

The durability of the structure and the safety of people depend on the strength of the foundation. In order to avoid premature destruction under the influence of groundwater, the foundation must be carefully treated with waterproofing materials.

Roll insulation is the most common option for waterproofing buildings and structures. In the processing of the foundation, all existing types of isolates are used - gluing / built-up and membrane.

Waterproofing of the foundation with the help of rolled roofing is carried out at any stage of work - both before pouring the concrete solution, and after the foundation is already ready.

Waterproofing at the stage of pouring concrete

If rolled waterproofing is mounted before concrete is poured, then it should be laid using the “overlap” method in the existing formwork. Each panel should overlap the previous one by 15-25 cm. The joints between the canvases are glued with double-sided adhesive tape (adhesive tape). After that, reinforcement is installed and concrete is poured. For greater reliability, several layers of waterproofing are used, each of which is coated with bituminous mastic.

Vertical laying of waterproofing

The vertical method of mounting the insulating roll coating is used on ready-made foundations. With this technique, gluing or built-up waterproofing is glued to the surface of the base.

Before proceeding with the insulation of the foundation, it is necessary to carry out pre-treatment - carefully clean the concrete surface from protrusions, dust and dirt. The more even the foundation is at the point of contact with the waterproofing material, the more reliable the protection against moisture will be.

Those parts of the foundation that will be located underground are carefully treated with glue or bituminous mastic. After that, a rolled waterproofing material is pressed against the smeared surface. If a build-up material is used, then the lower layer is heated by propane burners until softened and then also pressed against the foundation surface. The joints and edges of the panels are subject to additional processing with mastic / glue or a gas burner.

For more effective protection of the foundation, roll waterproofing should be laid horizontally so that water does not penetrate into the joints between the sheets. If the building has a basement, then waterproofing is carried out in two stages - first, the walls that will be located underground are processed, and then additional waterproofing is laid for the floors of the basement and the first floor.

In the waterproofing of the foundation, proven types of materials are used - roofing material, filisol, hydrostekloizol.

Rolled waterproofing TechnoNIKOL

Rolled waterproofing, produced under the brand of TechnoNIKOL, occupies a leading position in the ranking of building materials in the international market. The basis for the popularity of TechnoNIKOL brands are:

• high degree of reliability and effective protection against moisture and condensation;
• biological and chemical resistance, maintaining flexibility and elasticity at low temperatures;
• the ability to withstand a significant tensile load;
• long-term service life - from 35 years;
• ease of installation, economy.

The strength of TechnoNIKOL waterproofing materials is due to the use of a multilayer structure consisting of a polyester base, two layers of bitumen-polymer filler and a protective film. All coatings are produced in strict accordance with GOST and current building codes.

Under the TechnoNIKOL brand, new models of rolled waterproofing are being developed, taking into account various climatic conditions and the production capabilities of the consumer. Baseless self-adhesive roll coatings are widely used for waterproofing floors and foundations.

In addition to moisture protection, waterproofing coatings from TechnoNICOL are capable of protecting premises from noise, dust, and harmful gas.

Roofing and insulation materials are used both in the construction of new buildings and in repair and restoration work. The scope of waterproofing from TechnoNIKOL includes:

• strengthening foundations under industrial structures;
• construction of high-rise buildings;
• hydroprotection of private households from the damaging effects of dampness and moisture;
• construction of tunnels, viaducts and bridges using reinforced concrete slabs.

Modern roll materials for waterproofing are able to effectively and reliably protect a building or structure from groundwater, freezing and precipitation. The right choice of waterproofing, strict adherence to the recommendations of experts and installation technology are the basis for successful laying of rolled waterproofing and the durability of the structure.

Waterproofing requires an integrated approach that will affect absolutely all parts of the building. Only in this way can the maximum level of protection against external moisture penetration into residential and administrative premises be ensured.

Fused waterproofing looks like one of the most optimal methods, as it allows you to get good results with relatively little time and effort. With its help, only vertical surfaces can be processed, since it will be impossible to work with horizontal ones due to technological features.

Features of working with welded materials

From the name it is clear that waterproofing with built-up materials is carried out by means of thermal action on a solid material, which turns into a viscous state and completely fills all cracks and crevices. So for work you will need in the simplest case - an ordinary gas lamp, and ideally - a special device. The melting temperature of the working materials is not very high, so there is no need to use powerful units.

A welded waterproofing device simply needs to maintain a continuous flow of flame that will gradually melt the substance. Section by section, you need to move to the finish line in order to complete the operation and preserve the surface from water penetration. At the same time, at the time of work, it is necessary to remove all flammable objects from their reach so as not to accidentally start a fire. Safety should always come first.

Installation of built-up waterproofing is carried out according to a simple scheme:

• . The working surface is cleaned of debris and dust to improve adhesion.
• . Rolled bituminous welded waterproofing is spread on the surface, after which a person with working equipment gradually heats it around the entire perimeter in order to convert it into a viscous state.
• . To improve the effect, it will be necessary to press the substance with a roller to the floor in order to increase the degree of contact and force the substance to plug all gaps.
• . Then you just need to wait for complete solidification and you can start finishing.

The price of applying a waterproofing material will be quite low, the work can be done independently without any problems. So it's worth considering this option.

Material application technology

Fused waterproofing technology does not allow you to process walls or ceilings, so there are not many options for work. Only the floors and the roof will fit as a working platform for this process, so you should focus on them. You can still carry out a similar operation on the asphalt part of the yard, but first you have to give it a sloping shape so that all the water flows out of the gate, and there are no puddles in front of the house that will not be absorbed into the ground.

The main operations are carried out according to the following scheme:

• . Fused floor waterproofing is the most common procedure. The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to pre-level the surface to be treated. The melted material will easily fill any depressions. But you need to make sure that there are no gaps in its structure, as this will lead to gaps in the protective coating and, in fact, it will turn out to be useless. And a flat floor can be made already with the help of a self-leveling screed. It is necessary to take into account one more point - the inadmissibility of installing a warm floor. Its temperature will constantly melt the waterproofing, which will lead to quite understandable consequences.
• . Fused waterproofing of the roof is also often used in practice. It is carried out before the direct laying of the protective material. It is very important that all joints are completely sealed and do not allow moisture to pass through. Precipitation will clog almost any material, so the second echelon of defense must be ready to meet them.
• . Built-up waterproofing of the foundation is carried out in cases where it lies below ground level. A feature of this process is the need for subsequent burying of the treated areas in order to protect the bitumen from external influences. Its melting point is so low that even on a hot sunny day, it can lose its hardness if left unprotected.

Floated waterproofing rates will be among the most competitive of all existing alternative materials today.

Overview of the domestic materials market

If we are talking about buying a specific model, then it is worth stopping at the built-up waterproofing TechnoNIKOL. It has very good technical characteristics, and at a price affordable to all users. The material is sold in rolls, which can have different footage and width.

Before buying, you will need to take measurements that will allow you to understand what exactly is worth buying. The calculation should be carried out several times, since people often make mistakes, as a result of which they then do not have enough material to complete the work.

The price of built-up waterproofing TechnoNIKOL today is 60 rubles per square meter. If you want to choose other models, you can easily find them in the catalogs of trading companies, indicating prices and main characteristics.

Any builder knows that groundwater acts destructively on the foundation of a building. Moisture, penetrating into the structure of the material and freezing at low temperatures, expands, while tearing off its fragments. In a few years, the foundation may become unusable, after which the entire building may collapse. To avoid this, foundation waterproofing is necessary: ​​there are a variety of materials for this. You just need to choose the most suitable ones and apply them correctly.

There are many ways to protect a building structure from moisture. One of the most effective is the built-up waterproofing of the foundation. This became possible due to the appearance on the construction market of new roll materials reinforced with polyester and having high tensile strength. They, unlike the previously used glassine, roofing material and roofing felts, are not subject to decay, have better water-repellent properties and a long service life. Among the most popular are isoplast, isoelast, mostoplast, bicroplast, ecoflex, technoelast (Russian-made), aquaizol, krembit, spoliizol (manufactured in Ukraine), testudo, helastopley (Italy). These coatings are based on synthetic products such as fiberglass, fiberglass and polyester.

The foundation is protected by two layers of rolled material: it should be carefully glued, protecting it from possible mechanical damage (for example, during backfilling) using a geomembrane. Corrosion-resistant materials are suitable for waterproofing work. It is worth paying attention to compliance with all the rules for waterproofing the foundation: ENiR prescribes the device for both primary (using rubber-bitumen mastic) and secondary protection. In this case, secondary protection consists in pasting the base with rolled material. It is best to do this during the hardening of concrete, when the construction of walls cannot yet begin.

Fused waterproofing is used as protection of the base of the foundation, waterproofing its side part, as well as to create a barrier layer between the foundation and the load-bearing walls of the house.

Some information about the waterproofing of the TechnoNIKOL trademark

The TechnoNIKOL trademark is represented on the market of rolled waterproofing materials by high-tech products such as Vent, Solo, Technoelast and cheaper ones (for example, Bikrost). With the help of any of these materials, waterproofing of the foundation can be done with high quality: TechnoNIKOL has proven itself reliably on construction sites.

There is a division into classes: "Premium", "Business", "Standard" and "Economy". The first includes Vestoplast and Technoelast: bitumen-polymer materials produced from the best quality raw materials and on the most advanced equipment. With the help of such a waterproofing device, the most important objects can be reliably protected from groundwater. They withstand the toughest conditions and have a long service life.

TechnoNIKOL rolled materials are used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings of any type

What substrates can be protected with welded waterproofing

This method of base protection can be used for:

• reinforced concrete blocks, provided that the joints between them are sealed with a cement-sand mortar;
• for lightweight concrete filled with vermiculite, perlite, etc.;
• for slab foundations;
• for heavy concrete with crushed stone and gravel aggregates;
• brickwork after leveling it with plaster cement-sand mortars.

Work procedure:

1. Before sticking the roofing material for waterproofing the foundation, the surface is thoroughly cleaned of small particles, cement laitance and other contaminants. Cut off sharp edges and corners so that they do not damage the roll material.
2. A primer (primer) is applied to the base, which improves the adhesion of the welded waterproofing to it. It binds the remaining fine dust and fills microcracks and pores, thereby strengthening the surface. In addition, it is moistened, which favorably affects the speed of work.
3. After applying the primer, a certain time (up to 24 hours) must pass for it to dry: a dry surface cannot be sticky. Drying time depends on environmental conditions and primer type.
4. The rolled material is melted, heating its back surface with a gas burner or a blowtorch. During operation, the waterproofing material is pressed tightly to the base, gradually unwinding the roll.

Rolled material is welded with a gas burner

Technology of gluing rolled insulating material

Vertical waterproofing of the foundation is carried out by gluing materials after melting their underside. In some cases, a “free” method is used, in which only longitudinal and transverse joints are welded, and the lower layer is mechanically attached to the structure. If such devices are not available, the roll is cut into panels of the desired length, which are laid horizontally for a day so that the strips are well aligned. The air temperature must be at least +15 °С.

After aging, the waterproofing agent is again wound into a roll: this is necessary for ease of use. It is necessary to apply markings on the foundation for the correct orientation of the first panel. The heated rubber-bitumen mastic is applied to the base, after which the roll material is glued, pressing it from the middle to the edges with the help of rollers. Rollers for this are used cylindrical or differential. Having processed the edges of the previous sheet with mastic, stick the next one. If necessary, stickers of the second layer, the work is performed after the mastic has completely dried. Cold mastic can also be used: it is applied a few hours before the start of the main work: during this time, the main part of the solvent evaporates.

Before sticking the roll material, rubber-bitumen mastic is applied to the base

On vertical surfaces, waterproofing sheets are welded from the bottom up, while they are located horizontally. In order for the rolls to be stacked as a whole, it is necessary to apply a mechanical feed using a system of blocks. Stepped laying of panels is carried out with an overlap of the top to the bottom by at least 100 mm. The surface should be covered to a height of 300-500 mm above the ground. The top edge is mechanically fastened to the foundation plinth using a metal edge rail. Vertical and horizontal waterproofing must be combined. The docking point (that is, the corner) is additionally pasted over with a strip of roll material, the width of which is about 300 mm. The same reinforcement is required when pasting complex areas, such as external and internal corners, and utility line entries.

In the lower part of the foundation (at the docking with the ground), a slope device is required at an angle of 45 degrees, which is made of concrete. The slope (fillet) is also pasted over with rolled material and closed with an additional strip.

At the bottom of the foundation, a transitional fillet is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees

Extruded polystyrene foam slabs are fixed on top of the rolled waterproofing agent using cold rubber-bitumen mastic: this is necessary to protect the coating during backfilling with soil. In addition, expanded polystyrene is a good insulator and protection against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation, which is likely when backfilling is delayed for more than 7 days.

Plates of extruded polystyrene foam insulate and protect the foundation from UV radiation and mechanical damage

Foundation waterproofing is a complex and responsible process, the implementation of which requires physical effort and a certain amount of experience. It is necessary to work in direct contact with hot mastics, heating devices. In order to avoid mistakes, it is best to entrust such work to specialists of construction and installation enterprises: they will perform the work in compliance with the technology and in the shortest possible time. This will provide reliable protection for the foundation and the entire house.

Roll built-up roofing

Rolled roofing or welded roofing is the most popular type of modern flat roofing.

What is the best roofing material?

The built-up materials for the roof are selected according to the following criteria:

A single-layer solution is ideal for roof reconstruction. Our recommendation is Icopal Syntan Solo Vent.

On the Baurex website, you can use the filters to compare materials for choosing waterproofing.

The Baurex company specializes in the supply of materials for flat roofs and performs roofing work using welded materials and PVC membrane roofing material. We are ready to offer you rolled welded materials (rolled roofing, welded roofing) of all major manufacturers:

Surfacing roll materials

Roll roofing is all modern bituminous and bitumen-polymer roofing materials used for waterproofing roofs and underground structures. The rolled roof is a five-layer waterproofing membrane consisting of two layers of bituminous (bitumen-polymer) binder applied to the reinforcing base (fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester) and protective coatings (polyethylene fusible film and stone fill for the top layer).

Roll roof. Rolled bitumen and bitumen-polymer materials are welded with a propane torch in two layers. The lower layer, as a rule, is covered on both sides with a polyethylene fusible film, and the upper layer has a film only on the lower side, while the upper layer is protected by shale, basalt or other stone fill.

Built-up materials or built-up roofing can also be called: hydroisol, hydrostekloizol, stekloizol, roll roofing, roll waterproofing, roll waterproofing. The first built-up roofing - bituminous built-up materials had such names. Today, each manufacturer has brand names for the entire line of bitumen and bitumen-polymer roll materials.

Roll roofing is presented in four main classes:

• Roll roof Premium;
• Roll roofing Business;
• Built-up roof Standard;
• Built-up roof Economy;

The class of material for roll roofing, or rather its quality and price, is determined by the base, the weight of the bituminous (bitumen-polymer) binder and the percentage of SBS or APP modifier.

The first deposited materials were made on the basis of oxidized bitumen. The heated bitumen was subjected to air bubbles being passed through it under industrial conditions. Raw bitumen has low heat resistance (below +50 ° C), therefore, oxidized bitumen has been used for the production of deposited materials (rolled roofing). The oxidation process raises the heat resistance of bitumen to the level of 80-85 degrees.

Oxidation of bitumen solves the problem of heat resistance, however, after oxidation, bitumen loses the quality of elasticity. In addition, the oxidation process is, in fact, the aging of bitumen, which continues after its fusing to the roof. Service life of the oxidized bitumen on a roof does not exceed 5 years. The fragility of rolled roofing precludes its use on flexible substrates such as insulation or profiled roofing sheets.

The evolution of roll roofing

In order to solve the problem of inelasticity and premature aging of the bituminous binder, APP and SBS modifiers were added to the raw bitumen. The percentage of modifiers can vary from 5 to 25%. SBS and APP modified bitumens have significantly improved performance characteristics. The heat resistance of materials such as "roll roofing" reaches 110 degrees, the material has become elastic, which allows it to be used on a flexible base, and the service life can reach 25-30 years.

SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene)- highly elastic polymer (artificial rubber), which gives bitumen excellent flexibility at low temperatures. Its heat resistance is somewhat worse than APP, however, when using a high-quality SBS modifier, it can reach 100 o C. SBS coatings have excellent adhesion and excellent resistance to cyclic alternating loads. The elasticity of SBS-bitumen reaches 1500-2000% (without base). When modifying bitumen for materials such as "roll roofing" using SBS, a polymer matrix is ​​created, which is a three-dimensional network formed due to the interaction of polystyrene blocks into the so-called polystyrene domains. Bitumen is distributed inside this elastomeric network in the form of a fine dispersion.

APP (atactic polypropylene)- according to physical and mechanical characteristics, it belongs to thermoplastics. Having a high melting point, APP provides roofing materials with high heat resistance, UV resistance, and good flexibility. Being plastic, APP materials have low elasticity, however, fatigue resistance under cyclic loads, due to the use of polyester bases, is quite high. Rolled roofing based on APP modified bitumen is optimally applicable in hot climates.

The following can be used as a base in the welded materials: Fiberglass (X), Glass cloth (T), Polyester (E).

Fiberglass is a non-woven biostable material consisting of randomly arranged glass threads. Fiberglass has a relatively low tensile strength of 294N, low elasticity of 1-2%. Fiberglass is recommended to be used in combination with fiberglass, in which case the two-layer roofing membrane acquires the high tensile strength inherent in fiberglass.

Fiberglass is a base consisting of interwoven glass threads. Fiberglass has a very high tensile strength (about 600N), but the material is practically inelastic. In the event of a change in the linear dimensions of the roofing surface, the roofing membrane simply breaks away from the base without losing its waterproofing properties. The fiberglass will simply break.

Polyester is the most expensive and reliable base. Consists of randomly oriented polyester fibers. The material has high tensile strength (up to 725N) and elasticity up to 50 percent.

Roll roofing: binder weight

In various rolled welded materials, the weight of the binder (bitumen or bitumen-polymer) can vary from 1.5 to 5.5 kg.

Rolled deposited materials have the following marking:

HPP, HKP, CCI, TKP, EPP, EKP

The first letter indicates the type of base:

• X - fiberglass;
• T - fiberglass;
• E - polyester.

The second and third letters denote the top and bottom layers of the membrane:

• P - fusible film;
• K - shale or other protective embankment.

We also carry out installation of rolled roofing.

During operation, each building is exposed to constant influence of adverse factors. One of the most damaging is water. Even a small, unprotected fragment of a structure that allows moisture to pass through can cause serious problems over time. Properly carried out waterproofing is an integral part of any construction. The developer has the opportunity to choose the most suitable option for himself from a variety of technologies and materials. Despite the emergence of new products in this area, built-up waterproofing remains one of the most popular and practical methods.

Fused insulation is a type of adhesive waterproofing that is glued to the base as a result of melting one of the outer layers under the influence of high temperature. The material is quite easily applied to the surface, after solidification forms a high-quality and durable insulating coating. It copes well with external pressure "on the clamp", much worse with the internal one. Due to this feature, it is most often used for arranging the foundations of buildings and roofs, and can even be used as a roofing. It is necessary to use welded insulation for the floor with the subsequent arrangement of a clamping screed, and for the ceiling and walls it is almost impossible.

When gluing the material to the base, its lower layer is melted

Varieties of deposited coatings

Fused insulation is a multilayer coating in which several layers of bitumen and its modifications are applied to the base. Can be used as a base:

• Fiberglass. A material woven from glass threads. A relatively inexpensive option, characterized by increased tensile strength, but it is completely inelastic.
• Fiberglass. Non-woven fabric consisting of glass threads. Tensile strength is quite high, elasticity is low.
• Polyester. It is a non-woven fabric made from polyester fibers. Differs in high elasticity and the increased tensile strength. The most expensive material

Various bitumens and their modifications are used for application to the base. Based on this, it is possible to conditionally divide coatings into three groups:

Features of storage and transportation

To preserve the properties of the deposited coatings, the storage rules should be observed:

• protect from moisture;
• install only in a vertical position;
• no exposure to direct sunlight;
• distance from heat sources - at least a meter.

The material is transported in a special closed transport, in a vertical position.

Basics of mounting roll materials

Laying of built-up waterproofing can only be carried out on a prepared base. First of all, it needs to be aligned. Cut and clean concrete sags, chamfers, rebar ends and sharp corners. All kinds of cracks, shells and other irregularities are sealed with a sand-cement mortar. Oil stains are burned out, after which the surface is cleaned from dirt and dust. The evenness of the surface is determined by a special rail. It is allowed to have smoothly growing irregularities with a size of not more than 5 mm along the slope and 10 mm across.

The base for welded insulation must be thoroughly dried. Before you start laying, you can carry out a simple moisture test: cover a section of the prepared surface with a plastic sheet measuring 1x1 m. Condensation that appears under it within 4-24 hours indicates that the substrate has not dried sufficiently.

To speed up the drying process, you can use the following methods:

• wipe the surface with a cloth soaked in acetone and dry with an industrial hair dryer;
• arrange greenhouses and put heat guns in them;
• install heating electric cords in expansion joints;
• blow the base with compressed air directed from a compressor with an oil catcher.

Fusing waterproofing is done on a pre-primed surface

The surface under the built-up insulation must be primed. A ready-made bituminous primer is applied to cement-sand screeds and concrete slabs. You can make it yourself using bitumen and a fast-evaporating solvent or bituminous mastic diluted to the desired consistency. The primer is applied with rollers, brushes or brushes. If the coating is applied to thermal insulation boards, the surface is primed with hot bituminous mastic.

Depending on the type of primer, air humidity and ambient temperature, the primer dries completely in a time ranging from several minutes to days. A primer is dry if it does not stick to the touch. The coating is deposited in the process of melting the lower layer of the fabric rolled into a roll with the flame of a special burner. At the same time, the base is also heated. The material is gradually rolled out and pressed against the surface.

Actions are performed in the following sequence:

• The material is rolled out on the base.
• The covering keeps within in the necessary direction and with necessary overlaps on joints of cloths.
• On both sides, the roll rolls to the middle.
• The material is rerolled with heating of the lower part of the panel and gluing it to the base.
• The roll is rolled strictly in the direction "on itself", for better gluing it is rolled with a roller. Particularly carefully processed are the joints of the panels.

The roll always rolls in the direction of "on itself"

The arrangement of welded insulation is a rather complicated process. It requires certain skills in handling bituminous materials and a special gas burner used to melt the bottom layer of the canvas. The right decision would be to entrust this work to professionals who will quickly and efficiently carry out the necessary waterproofing work of any complexity.