Khorev Anatoly Anatolievich,
doctor of technical sciences, professor
Moscow State Institute of Electronic Technology
(Technical University),
Moscow

Information Security Threats

6. Protection against unauthorized access to information. Terms and definitions: guidance document: approved. decision of the chairman of the State Technical Commission of Russia dated March 30, 1992 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_razd/_ispo.htm .

7. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses: Feder. Law of July 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma December 20, 2001: approved by the Federation Council December 26, 2001]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2001/12/31/admkodeks-dok.html .

8. Commentary on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. - 3rd ed., rev. and add./Under total. ed. Yu.I.Skuratova, V.M.Lebedeva. -M.: Norma-Infra-M, 2000. - 896 p.

9. On trade secrets: Feder. Law of July 29, 2004 No. 98-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma on July 9, 2004: approved by the Federation Council on July 15, 2004]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2004/08/05/taina-doc.html .

10. About personal data: feder. Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma on July 8, 2006: approved by the Federation Council on July 14, 2006]. [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2006/07/29/personaljnye-dannye-dok.html

11. About information, information technologies and information protection: Feder. Law of July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ: [adopted by the State. Duma on July 8, 2006: approved by the Federation Council on July 14, 2006]. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2006/07/29/informacia-dok.html .

12. List of confidential information: approved. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1997 No. 188. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_docs/doc_1_3_008.htm

13. Regulations on certification of informatization objects according to information security requirements: approved. Chairman of the State Technical Commission under the President of the Russian Federation November 25, 1994 [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fstec.ru/_razd/_ispo.htm .

14. Rules for classifying information constituting a state secret to various degrees of secrecy: approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 4, 1995 No. No. 870 (as amended on January 15, May 22, 2008). [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://govportal.garant.ru:8081/SESSION/SungJswow/PILOT/main.html .

15. Technical protection of information. Basic terms and definitions: recommendations for standardization R 50.1.056-2005: approved. By order of Rostekhregulirovanie dated December 29, 2005 No. 479-st. - Input. 2006-06-01. - M.: Standartinform, 2006. - 16 p.

16. Khorev A.A. Technical protection of information: textbook. allowance for university students. In 3 vols. Vol. 1. Technical channels of information leakage. - M.: SPC "Analytics", 2008. - 436 p.

Introduction

The security of the Russian Federation is the state of protection of the vital interests of its citizens, society and state from internal and external threats.

By security threats we mean potential threats to political, social, economic, military, environmental and other, including spiritual and intellectual values ​​of the nation and the State. Security threats are closely linked to the national interests of the country, including outside its territory. In each specific case, their liquidation requires special forms and methods of activity of the State: the use of appropriate special bodies, forces and means of the state.

The main security objects are:

personality - its rights and freedoms; society -- its material and spiritual values;

the state - its constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial integrity

The threat to the security of the Russian Federation is a combination of conditions and factors that endanger the vital interests of the individual, society and the state.

The real and potential threat to security objects, emanating from internal and external sources, determines the content of activities to ensure internal and external security, depending on the spheres of life of society and the state, which are targeted by security threats. they can be conditionally divided into political (threats to the existing constitutional order), economic, military, informational, man-made, environmental and others.

Security threats: external, internal, cross-border

Today, there are several types of threats to the national security of the Russian Federation: external, internal and cross-border. External threats include the deployment of groupings of armed forces and assets near the borders of the Russian Federation and its allies, territorial claims against the Russian Federation, threats of secession of certain territories from the Russian Federation; interference in the internal affairs of R.F. from foreign countries; buildup of troop groupings leading to disruption of the existing balance of forces near the borders of the Russian Federation; armed provocations, including attacks on Russian military installations located on the territory of foreign states, as well as on objects and structures on the State Border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies; actions that impede Russia's access to strategically important transport communications; discrimination, non-observance of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of citizens of the Russian Federation in some foreign states

The main external threats to national security are:

1. reduction of the role of Russia in the world economy due to the targeted actions of individual states and interstate associations, such as the UN, the OSCE;

2. reduction of economic and political influence on the processes taking place in the world economy;

3. strengthening the scope and influence of international military and political associations, including NATO;

4. emerging trends towards the deployment of military forces of foreign states near the borders of Russia;

5. ubiquitous distribution in the world of weapons of mass destruction;

6. weakening of the processes of integration and establishment of economic ties between Russia and the CIS countries;

7. creating conditions for the formation and emergence of military armed conflicts near the state borders of Russia and the CIS countries;

8. territorial expansion in relation to Russia, for example, from Japan and China;

9. international terrorism;

10. weakening of Russia's position in the field of information and telecommunications. This is manifested in the reduction of Russia's influence on international information flows and the development by a number of states of information expansion technologies that can be applied to Russia;

11. revitalization on the territory of Russia of the activities of foreign organizations involved in intelligence and the collection of strategic information;

12. A sharp decrease in the military and defense potential of the country, which does not allow it, if necessary, to repel a military attack, which is associated with a systemic crisis in the country's defense complex.

13. activation in the territory of Russia of the activities of foreign organizations engaged in intelligence and collection of strategic information;

Experts refer to internal threats as follows: attempts to forcibly change the constitutional order and violate the territorial integrity of Russia; planning, preparation and implementation of actions to disrupt and disrupt the functioning of public authorities and administration, attacks on state, economic and military facilities, life support facilities and information infrastructure; creation, equipping, training and activities of illegal armed formations; illegal distribution of weapons, ammunition and explosives on the territory of the Russian Federation; large-scale organized crime activities that threaten political stability in some regions of the Russian Federation. Activities of separatist and radical religious national movements.

The main internal threats to national economic security are:

1. strengthening the degree of differentiation of living standards and incomes of the population. The formation of a small group of the wealthy population (oligarchs) and a large part of the poor population creates a situation of social tension in society, which can ultimately lead to serious socio-economic shocks;

2. deformation of the sectoral structure of the national economy. The orientation of the economy towards the extraction of minerals creates serious structural shifts;

3. Strengthening the uneven economic development of the regions. A sharp difference in the level of socio-economic development of the regions destroys the existing ties between them and hinders inter-regional integration;

4. criminalization of Russian society. In society, the tendencies to receive unearned income through direct robbery and seizure of property have sharply increased, which negatively affects the overall stability and sustainability of the national economy. Of great importance is the total penetration of criminal structures into the state apparatus and industry and the emerging trend of merging between them;

5. a sharp decline in the scientific and technical potential of Russia. The basis of economic growth - the scientific and technological potential - has been practically lost over the past decade, due to a reduction in investment in priority scientific and technical research and development, the mass exodus of leading scientists from the country, the destruction of science-intensive industries, and the strengthening of scientific and technical dependence;

6. strengthening the isolation and desire for independence of the subjects of the Federation. Russia has significant territories that function within the framework of a federal structure;

7. increased interethnic and interethnic tension, which creates real conditions for the emergence of internal conflicts on ethnic grounds;

8. widespread violation of the single legal space, leading to legal nihilism and non-compliance with the law;

9. decline in the physical health of the population, leading to degradation due to the crisis of the health care system;

10. demographic crisis associated with a steady trend of prevalence of general mortality of the population over the birth rate.

Taken together, internal threats to national security are closely intertwined and interrelated.

The environmental situation in the world is characterized by negative trends. Its characteristic features are the depletion of natural resources, the periodic occurrence of extensive zones of environmental disasters and catastrophes, and the degradation of renewable natural resources. Most countries are characterized by the use of environmentally imperfect technologies in industry, agriculture, energy, and transport. A real threat to Russia's interests is the tendency to use its territory for the disposal of hazardous waste from the chemical and nuclear industries of the developed countries of Europe.

There are growing negative trends in the global social sphere. There is an increase in the proportion of patients, the disabled, people suffering from hunger and malnutrition, the use of poor-quality water. The proportion of illiterate and unemployed remains high (according to the official unemployment rate, Russia is still among the most prosperous countries, ranking approximately 7th in the world). However, according to the classification of the International Labor Organization in Russia, there are more than 5 million unemployed. Approximately the same number work part-time or are on forced leave, the level of material support of the population is declining. Migration processes are expanding to alarming proportions. Indicators of physical and mental development of people are deteriorating.

The threat to the physical health of the nation is manifested in the crisis state of health care systems and social protection of the population. There is widespread alcoholization of the population. Consumption of recorded and unrecorded alcohol per capita in terms of pure alcohol is from 11 to 14 liters, while the situation is assessed as dangerous at -8 liters.

Cross-border threats are manifested in the following:

Creation, equipment and training on the territory of other states of armed formations and groups for the purpose of their transfer for operations on the territory of Russia;

The activities of subversive separatist, national or religious extremist groups supported from abroad, aimed at undermining the constitutional order of Russia, creating a threat to its territorial integrity and the security of its citizens. Cross-border crime, including smuggling and other illegal activities on an alarming scale;

Drug trafficking activities that create a threat of drug penetration into the territory of Russia or the use of its territory for the transit of drugs to other countries;

Activities of international terrorist organizations.

Terrorism, having a very complex content, affects the national security of the country at all its levels - interstate, state, international, national, class and group. In addition, domestic and international terrorism violates the nation's ability to self-preservation, self-reproduction and self-development.

Domestic and international terrorism carry a similar threat. In general, the boundary between these types of terrorism is so shaky (according to most scientists, terrorist acts committed in Russia are manifestations of precisely international terrorism) that, as the author sees it, it is very difficult to clearly separate the threats from them.

Terrorism poses a threat to the country's interests in the social sphere, which are to ensure a high standard of living for the people. By destroying the economic and political systems of society, terrorism impedes the achievement of society's highest value, which is its own well-being.

Terrorism violates the main inalienable right of every person - the right to life. The result of the two Chechen wars and the activities of all pro- and anti-Russian administrations is a full-scale humanitarian catastrophe. Over the 12 years of the anti-terrorist war in the Chechen Republic, the total losses amounted to about 45 thousand people. Over half a million residents of Chechnya and adjacent territories were forced to leave their homes

The process of identifying sources of dangers and threats requires a clear understanding of their general and specific characteristics. Sources of danger to the security of the state are in various spheres of society. It seems that the most significant of them are hidden in the spheres of political relations of the state, classes, social groups of society; economic relations; spiritual and ideological, ethno-national and religious, as well as in the environmental and information security spheres, etc.

Information security is the protection of information from accidental or intentional effects of a natural or artificial nature that can harm its owner or user.

Basic principles of information security

1. Data integrity- such a property, according to which information retains its content and structure in the process of its transmission and storage. Only a user with access rights can create, destroy or modify data.

2. Confidentiality- a property that indicates the need to restrict access to specific information for a designated circle of people. Thus, confidentiality ensures that during the transmission of data, they can be known only to authorized users.

3. Availability of information- this property characterizes the ability to provide timely and unhindered access of full users to the required information.

4. Reliability- this principle is expressed in the strict belonging of information to the subject, which is its source or from which it is received.

The task of ensuring information security implies the implementation of multifaceted and comprehensive measures to prevent and track unauthorized access by unauthorized persons, as well as actions that prevent misuse, damage, distortion, copying, blocking of information.

Information security issues become a priority in cases where a failure or an error in a particular computer system can lead to serious consequences.

Types of information security threats

Under the threat of information security, it is customary to understand the potential actions, phenomena or processes that can have an undesirable impact on the system or on the information stored in it.

Such threats, affecting resources, can lead to data corruption, copying, unauthorized distribution, restriction or blocking of access to them. Currently, a sufficiently large number of threats are known, which are classified according to various criteria.

According to the nature of occurrence, they distinguish natural and artificial threats. The first group includes those that are caused by the impact on the computer system of objective physical processes or natural disasters. The second group is those threats that are caused by human activities.

According to the degree of intentionality of manifestation , threats are divided into random and deliberate.

There is also a division in depending on their immediate source, which can be the natural environment (for example, natural disasters), a person (disclosure of confidential data), software and hardware: authorized (an error in the operation of the operating system) and unauthorized (infection of the system with viruses).

The source of threats can have a different position. Depending on this factor, there are also three groups:

— Threats, the source of which is outside the controlled group of the computer system (for example, the interception of data transmitted over communication channels)

— Threats, the source of which is within the controlled zone of the system (this may be the theft of information media)

- Threats that are directly in the system itself (for example, incorrect use of resources).

Threats can affect a computer system in different ways. It can be passive influences, the implementation of which does not entail a change in the data structure (for example, copying). Active Threats- these are those that, on the contrary, change the structure and content of a computer system (the introduction of special programs).

According to the division of threats by stages of user or program access to system resources there are such dangers that appear at the stage of access to the computer and are detectable after access is allowed (unauthorized use of resources).

Classification by location in the system implies a division into three groups: threats of access to information located on external storage devices, in RAM and to the one that circulates in communication lines.

Threats can use a direct, standard path to resources through illegally obtained passwords or through the misuse of legitimate users' terminals, or they can "bypass" existing protections in another way.

Actions such as information theft are classified as threats that manifest themselves regardless of system activity. And, for example, the spread of viruses can only be detected during data processing.

random, or unintentional threats that are not related to the actions of intruders are called. The mechanism of their implementation has been studied quite well, so there are developed methods of counteraction.

Accidents and natural disasters are especially dangerous for computer systems, as they entail the most negative consequences. Due to the physical destruction of systems, information becomes inaccessible or is lost. In addition, it is impossible to completely avoid or prevent failures and failures in complex systems, as a result of which, as a rule, the information stored on them is distorted or destroyed, the algorithm of the operation of technical devices is violated.

Mistakes that may be made during the development of a computer system, including incorrect operation algorithms and incorrect software, can lead to consequences that are similar to those that occur when hardware fails and fails. Moreover, such errors can be used by attackers to influence system resources.

User errors lead to a weakening of information security in 65% of cases. Incompetent, negligent or inattentive performance of functional duties by employees at enterprises leads to the destruction, violation of the integrity and confidentiality of information.

Allocate also deliberate threats, which are associated with the purposeful actions of the offender. The study of this class is difficult, since it is very dynamic and constantly updated with new types of threats.

To penetrate a computer system for the purpose of further theft or destruction of information, such methods and means of espionage are used as eavesdropping, theft of programs, protection attributes, documents and information carriers, visual surveillance, and others.

In case of unauthorized access to data, standard hardware and software of computer systems are usually used, as a result of which the established rules for restricting user or process access to information resources are violated. The most common violations are the interception of passwords (performed using specially designed programs), the performance of any actions under the name of another person, and the use by an attacker of the privileges of legitimate users.

Specific malware

– "computer viruses"- these are small programs that can independently spread after being introduced into a computer by creating copies of themselves. Under certain conditions, viruses have a negative impact on the system;

– "worms"- Utilities that are activated every time you boot your computer. They have the ability to move within a system or network and replicate in a manner similar to viruses. Avalanche-like reproduction of programs leads to overload of communication channels, memory, and then to blocking of work;

– "Trojan horses"- such programs “hide” under the guise of a useful application, but, in fact, harm the computer: they destroy software, copy and send files with confidential information to an attacker, etc.

The international situation, the state of the domestic economy, the social polarization of Russian society and the aggravation of interethnic relations create a wide range of internal and external threats to the country's security.

Internal threats are caused, first of all, by a significant reduction in the gross domestic product, a decrease in investment, innovation activity and scientific and technical potential, the stagnation of the agricultural sector, an imbalance in the banking system, an increase in external and internal debt, a trend in the predominance of fuel and raw materials and energy components in export deliveries, and also imports of equipment, food and consumer goods, including basic necessities.

The weakening of the scientific, technical and technological potential of the country, the reduction of research in strategically important areas of scientific and technological development, the outflow of specialists and intellectual property abroad threaten Russia with the loss of its leading positions in the world, the degradation of high-tech industries, increased external technological dependence and undermining the defense power of the state.

a threat to Russia's securitysocial sphere is the stratification of society into a narrow circle of the rich and the predominant mass of low-income citizens, an increase in the proportion of the population living below the poverty line, an increase in unemployment, and an increase in social tension. The growth of negative manifestations in the social sphere leads to a decrease in the intellectual and productive potential of Russia, a reduction in the population, the depletion of the main sources of spiritual and economic development, and may lead to the loss of democratic gains.

The threat to the physical health of the nation is manifested in the crisis state of health systems and social protection of the population, the rapid increase in the consumption of alcohol and drugs, and the deterioration of people's health.

The consequences of a deep social crisis are a sharp reduction in the birth rate and average life expectancy, the deformation of the demographic and social composition of society, the undermining of labor resources as the basis for the development of production, the weakening of the fundamental unit of society - the family, and the decrease in the spiritual, moral and creative potential of society.

Threatdepletion of natural resources and deteriorationenvironmental situation in the country is directly dependent on the level of economic development and the readiness of society to realize the globality and importance of these problems. This threat to Russia is especially great due to the predominant development of the fuel and energy industries, the underdevelopment of the legislative framework for environmental protection, the absence or limited use of environmentally friendly technologies, and low environmental culture. There is a tendency to use the territory of Russia as a burial place for environmentally hazardous materials and substances.

The weakening of state supervision and the lack of effective legal and economic mechanisms for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations increase the risks of man-made disasters in all areas of economic activity.

Negative processesin economics lie at the heart of the centrifugal aspirations of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This leads to increased political instability, weakening of the single economic space of Russia and its most important components - production, technological and transport links, financial, banking, credit and tax systems, contributes to the growing threat of violating the unity of the country's legal space and even its territorial integrity.

Ethnoegoism, ethnocentrism and chauvinism, manifested in the activities of a number of public formations, as well as uncontrolled migration, contribute to the strengthening of nationalism and regional separatism, religious extremism and create favorable conditions for the emergence of conflicts.

Economic disintegration, social differentiation of society, devaluation of spiritual values ​​provoke an increase in tension in relations between regions and the center, representing threatfederal structure and socio-economic structure Russian Federation.

The unified legal space of the country is being eroded as a result of the deviation from the principle of the priority of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation over other legal acts and norms of the constituent entities of Russia, the lack of well-functioning state administration at various levels, which is a factor that negatively affects the state of national security of the country.

Strengthening negative trendsin the defense sector contributes to the delay in the process of reforming the military organization and the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, insufficient funding for national defense and the imperfection of the regulatory framework. At the present stage, this is manifested in the extreme severity of social problems in the Russian Armed Forces, the critically low level of their operational and combat training, the unacceptable reduction in the staffing of troops (forces) with modern weapons, military and special equipment and leads, in general, to a weakening of the defense security of the Russian Federation. .

Threatcriminalization public relations, emerging in the process of reforming the socio-political structure and economic activity, acquires particular urgency. The mistakes made at the initial stage of reforms in the economic, military, law enforcement and other spheres of state activity, the weakening of the system of state regulation and control, the imperfection of the legal framework and the lack of a strong social state policy, the decline in the spiritual and moral potential of society are the main factors contributing to the persistence of crime and corruption, the spread of political extremism.

The consequences of these miscalculations are manifested in the weakening of legal control over the situation in the country, the merging of individual elements of the executive and legislative authorities with criminal structures, their penetration into the management of the banking business, large industries, trade organizations and commodity distribution networks. In this regard, the fight against crime and corruption has not only a legal, but also a political character.

Terrorism in Russia acquires a multifaceted character and poses a serious threat to the security of the state. International terrorists have unleashed an open campaign against Russia to destabilize the situation in the North Caucasus and seize this region from Russia, which poses a direct threat to the territorial integrity of the state.

The threat of terrorism and organized crime is growing as a result of a large-scale, often conflicting change in the forms of ownership, an intensification of the struggle for power based on group and ethno-nationalist interests. The low effectiveness of preventive measures to prevent criminal manifestations, legal nihilism, the outflow of qualified personnel from law enforcement agencies increase the degree of impact of this threat on the individual, society and the state.

Main EXTERNAL Threats to Russia's national security are caused by the following factors:

the desire to belittle the role of existing mechanisms for ensuring international security, primarily the UN and the OSCE;

the danger of weakening the political, economic and military influence of Russia in the world;

the strengthening of military-political blocs and alliances, above all, the expansion of NATO to the east;

the possibility of foreign military bases appearing in the immediate vicinity of the Russian borders;

the continued proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery;

strengthening of centrifugal processes in the CIS;

the emergence and escalation of conflicts near the state border of Russia and the external borders of the CIS;

territorial claims to Russia.

The combination of these factors may pose a threat to the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, including the possibility of direct military aggression against it.

Threats to the national security of the Russian Federation in the international sphere are manifested through the attempts of other states to counteract the strengthening of Russia as one of the influential centers of the multipolar world.

Elevated to the rank of strategic doctrine, NATO's transition to the practice of forceful military operations without the sanction of the UN Security Council is fraught with the threat of destabilizing the strategic situation in the world.

The growing technological gap between a number of leading powers and the build-up of their capabilities to create weapons and military equipment of new generations can lead to a qualitatively new stage in the arms race and significantly affect the forms and methods of military operations.

ATborder sphere Threats to the security and interests of Russia are caused by:

the incompleteness of the international legal registration of the state border of the Russian Federation and the delimitation of the national territory with a number of neighboring states;

the expansion of the economic, demographic, cultural and religious expansion of neighboring states into Russian territory;

the intensification of the activities of cross-border organized crime in the smuggling of material values, drugs, weapons, theft of natural resources, as well as foreign terrorist organizations;

the instability of the situation in the border regions of Russia due to a decrease in the living standards of the population, ethnic, inter-confessional and other conflicts.

Activity is activated on the territory of Russia foreign special services and the organizations they use. There are also deliberate attempts by foreign states to interfere in Russia's internal affairs.

Separatism and local armed conflicts are also among the direct threats to national security.

Serious dangers are: pursuit a number of countries to dominance in global information space, ousting Russia from the external and internal information market; development a number of states concepts "information wars" providing for the creation of means of dangerous influence on the information spheres of other countries of the world, disruption of the normal functioning of information and telecommunication systems, the safety of information resources or obtaining unauthorized access to them.

In the modern world, in the light of recent events, topics are increasingly being raised that explain risk factors and, in general, all military threats to Russia's national security. To consider this problem more broadly, it is necessary to first understand the concept itself. The satisfaction of any national interests in the modern world is due to the mutual and mutual action of countries on the world stage with the assistance of forces directly within the country. Such relations are on the verge of cooperation and confrontation - at the same time. this state of affairs can be regarded as an ordinary struggle for survival. Therefore, one way or another, countries should take into account mutual interests. But in case of non-observance of the rules of the game or the disregard of one state to another, this can be regarded as a threat to the security or integrity of the state, at least in economic terms.

What is a security risk

Thus, military threats to the national security of Russia can be defined as indirect or direct risks to freedom, constitutional rights, territorial value, the level and quality of life of citizens, development, security and defense of the state.

Such clashes based on the satisfaction of their national interests are the first step towards security-related problems. This is how the interpretation of the concept looks, but based on this, the following should be noted. In the absence of national interest, the threat as such does not exist, thus, it can be classified as a danger, which in itself can appear not only as a result of human activity, but also natural, man-made and natural disasters.

Threat classification

Before considering how strong the national security of the Russian Federation is and where danger should be expected from, it is worth analyzing the types of threats.

A potential threat is always considered during the development and creation of any program. Despite the plan and its direction, such risks must be calculated. At the same time, immediate threats require the immediate activation of special systems and "levers" for the crisis to take an adequate response. Most often, the focus of such problems is precisely potential threats. Sources may be targeted, for a specific purpose and relatively geographically focused. The latter, in turn, can be determined not only by external, but also by internal sources, which we will discuss in more detail using a specific example.

Internal threats to Russia's national security

At the moment, the main threats to military security can be divided into the following:

• in society can be one of the most dangerous risks. This is the so-called time bomb, which can explode at any moment, as soon as the gap between the rich and the poor reaches a critical limit. This implies the growth of tension in society, prostitution, alcoholism, drug addiction, and the criminal component.
• Resource orientation, in this example, oil and gas, of course, allows you to have a high income for the entire state, but at the same time, it is worth noting that there can be no talk of any sustainable and stable economic growth.
• Growing economic growth gap between different regions. In conditions when one region lives better than another, ties are destroyed, and this definitely does not contribute to integration between regions.
• Criminogenic situation of the whole society in Russia. Recently, cases of unearned income have become more frequent, and this can be observed both among the general population and the top of power, which affects the general instability and instability of the economy. In such a situation, it is almost impossible to bring the national economy out of the current crisis.
• Problems associated with a decrease in scientific and technical potential as the basis for economic growth. In fact, the national security of the Russian Federation is facing a rather serious threat, due to the fact that recently Russia has not made a sufficient contribution to science-intensive industries, so there is simply no necessary scientific potential.
• Separatist views of individual territories that function on the principle of a federal structure.
• Interethnic and interethnic tension, which has only intensified in recent years.
• The demographic crisis and the decline in the physical health of the population.

If we consider all the above security threats together, it is clear that they are quite closely related. When one occurs, the next one may become relevant, and so on along the chain. The elimination of all these problems is necessary in order to ensure the preservation of statehood. But in addition to internal threats, special attention should be paid to external ones.

External Threats to Russia's National Security

As for problems from outside, everything is much simpler here, and they seem more obvious, since basically the whole country suffers from their action. Among these threats are the following:

• International terrorism.
• Reducing the role of the Russian Federation in world political and economic life, due to the targeted actions of both specific states and organizations (the example of the OSCE and the UN).
• Territorial expansion relative to China and Japan.
• Constant increase in NATO's military presence.
• Deployment of military forces near the borders of Russia, in particular the United States.
• The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
• Deterioration of relations with the CIS countries, in particular Belarus and Ukraine.
• The crisis of the country's defense potential.
• The constant occurrence of military armed confrontations near the borders and countries of the CIS, a vivid example of this is the military coup of 2013-2015.
• The weakening of the position in the field of telecommunications, due to a number of countries that are investing simply colossal funds in the information war.
• Activation on the territory of the Russian Federation of foreign organizations, spies and the so-called

Thus, internal and external threats necessarily require constant monitoring in order to keep security under control.

Manifestation of the US threat (Cold War)

In fact, there have been constant attempts to display an unfriendly attitude on the part of the United States, and many facts testify to this, and such maneuvers from this side will continue in the future. this problem can hardly be found, since the interests of the Russian Federation and America lie in completely different planes and understanding of what is happening. But, as experts have already noted, the Cold War did not actually end, but only a short break was taken in order to hit Russia with renewed vigor.

Much can shed light on recent chess castlings in Eastern Europe and the interest of the United States in all of this. Despite the fact that the CIA has 4 bases outside of America, plans are most likely to build another one right on the borders with Russia, namely in Ukraine.

As can be seen from the latest situation in this country, Ukrainian structures are incompetent, extravagant, deceitful, and, in addition, there are obvious elements of disrespect for either the Russian president or the state as a whole. If the CIA base is opened, then America will be able to carry on a conversation with the Russian Federation, if not in elevated, then in confident tones. Thus, an experienced, highly debugged structure will appear at the borders, which established its own order in more than 40 countries.

The conflict in Ukraine as a direct threat

Touching upon the topic of "the enemy at the gates", it is certainly worth noting that military threats to Russia's national security have become critical after the conflict in Ukraine, and this is noted by competent services around the world.

So, suppose that the plans of the government of the most “democratic” country in the world (according to its own version) really include the construction of bases in Ukraine. Why is this needed and what will it actually give? In fact, the answer lies not only in the geopolitical control of this region. Naturally, in this country, the first thing to do is to create a special center for the training of radicals and terrorists, so that later they will be transferred to Russia to cause unrest. In this case, we are talking about those young people who have been ideologically indoctrinated since the early 1990s. Now, almost a large half of the friendly, fraternal and once united country within the USSR considers Russia to be the root of all troubles and the main enemy, so they will gladly go to learn how to kill the enemy at American training grounds.

Radicals and terrorist organizations

The threat of terrorism and radicalism can be noted as a no less problem. The primary task of such organizations is to exacerbate the degree of tension, induce chaos, unrest and fear in society, the need to rock the situation and strain the situation.

As you know, there is a lot of direct evidence that the United States is creating terrorists on an industrial scale, but for some reason the world community constantly turns a blind eye to this (for unknown reasons). In Afghanistan, it was al-Qaeda, and its actions were directly directed against the USSR. After the collapse, the need for it subsided, and after that the CIA double agent Osama bin Laden was also killed, as an extra and already unnecessary witness, but in the media he was presented as terrorist No. 1.

What do we see in the modern world? Libya, Syria, Ukraine, and then who? And next will be Russia, and will help America in this ISIS. Thus, it can be said with confidence that the threat of terrorism mainly comes from only one “democratic” state, which, under the guise of an ardent fighter against these structures, itself creates a danger.

NATO

Despite the fact that NATO bases have filled the whole world, direct military operations with the Russian Federation are practically excluded. Therefore, military threats to Russia's national security from this bloc are close to zero. Many facts can speak about this, and, of course, the Russian "nuclear fist" plays an important role. No one wants to doom the entire planet to death, and the opening of the Southern and Eastern fronts can just lead to this. Of course, the possibility of active participation of this bloc is not ruled out if the Russian Federation is still able to withstand the economic blockade and sanctions, but still this will again not be open, but underground activity in the preparation of militants, terrorists and their transfer to the territory. But, one way or another, such external military threats, as one can safely regard as potential

Economic threat (sanctions)

In the course of recent events, one wonders why such a large, rich and powerful country suffers from deliberate economic impact? And the problem is the following, as they say, "trouble came from where they did not expect it." Modern Russia is a raw material appendage of the economy, but not its own, we are talking about exports. The impact of the sanctions was so planned and tangible that all the world's levers were involved. This is the artificial reduction in oil prices by the Arab states, and the restrictions that Europe has introduced. The modern economy of the Russian Federation largely ignores the needs of the citizen, as it did 20 years ago. Modern business itself does not produce enough, and often just sells its own raw materials or, even worse, imported goods. Therefore, emphasis was placed on the most vulnerable and vital sectors. This should be regarded as an impetus for re-profiling to the eastern market, but isn’t it too late, couldn’t this move have been foreseen?

Modern Threats

Undoubtedly, terrorism is the No. 1 threat to Russia's national security, but if we look into the near future, then several more equally important problems may be added to this problem. As early as 2015, the Russian Federation may find itself in the very center of a fight to the death for natural resources. The world began to rebuild from multipolarity to polycentrism, instability began to grow, competition became fiercer between new centers of power. The modern world is entering one of the most difficult demographic, ecological and resource periods. Russia in this situation is a very important player, thanks to its own. And no military threat is terrible only when you are treated as an equal, and in the case of Russia, when they are afraid. Therefore, no matter how many attempts are made to weaken its geopolitical and geographical positions, all of them will be nullified. But with growth in fossil fuels steadily rising and gas and oil remaining the main energy sources with a projected share of 84% through 2030, Russia's time is yet to come. The only danger is that the Russian Federation borders on 16 states, which every now and then try to revise their borders.

Forecast for the future

Of course, the Kremlin's relations with Brussels and Washington will never be the same again. And in response to all the threats of NATO, the US NMD systems, the constant "color" revolutions in a number of post-Soviet countries and near the borders of Russia, the government updated the doctrine, which refers to ensuring the national security of the state. According to this document, in response to action, counteraction will immediately follow, thanks to which the whole country can sleep peacefully and not worry about its future.