We make wooden stairs with our own hands: step by step instructions, video. How to make a wooden staircase to the second floor with your own hands How to make a staircase with your own hands

Without following the rules and without making safety calculations, a staircase with your own hands will be built at least unsuccessfully, it will require global alterations and costly improvements. To exclude unsuccessful attempts, it is better to initially do everything, focusing on building codes.

The simplest solution will be modular - they only need to be assembled from complete parts, strictly following the manufacturer's instructions. Ready-made kits are supplied for the assembly of marching and propeller variants, equipped with a full set of mounting and structural components.

A spiral modular staircase is assembled according to the principle of a children's designer of their components fully prepared for installation

Material Selection Arguments

For the construction of a welded metal staircase, the skills of a welder and an inverter apparatus are required. You can learn the basics of welding on your own, but for the construction of a presentable structure, the initial course is not enough. The pouring of a concrete structure is often determined by operating conditions. Steps made of concrete equip two, three-story mansions made of bricks, foam blocks, gas silicate panels. In addition, a cold concrete system will still have to be sheathed with wood or lined with other material. As a result, it turns out that you have to do double work.

The construction of a concrete staircase with wooden sheathing is equivalent in financial and labor costs to the manufacture of two separate structures.

Attention. In two-three-story cottages, according to fire safety requirements, it is necessary to install concrete or metal flights of stairs, which guarantee evacuation from the upper floors in case of fire.

Those who need a staircase to the attic should prefer wood. The material is light, easy to process, will not push through the floors.

Advice. For the arrangement of new low-rise wooden buildings, stepped systems made of wood are recommended due to shrinkage. It is difficult to predict how much the ceiling height will decrease, and what the difference will be between a concrete or metal staircase and a ceiling.

Probable mistakes made in the manufacture of a wooden structure will be easier to correct.

The most simple design

Those wishing to make a staircase on their own, no one will advise starting with a complex screw type. If the limited dimensions of the room do not allow you to choose a simple flat option, it is better to purchase a ready-made set of modules or contact the builders.

The gently sloping "means of interfloor communication" will take up a lot of space, but the ascent and especially the descent along it will be the most comfortable. It is optimal that the angle of inclination does not exceed 37º. An inclination of 45º automatically translates the design into the category of attachments. You will need to go down on it with your back forward. The steepness of 40º is also not very convenient for descent.

Gentle stairs with an angle of inclination of no more than 37 degrees - the most comfortable

If there is a question of building on a limited area, a two-flight structure with a landing or winder steps should be preferred.

Attention. Between straight marches directed towards each other, the distance should be at least 100 mm.

Between marches going "towards" each other, it is necessary to leave a distance

The steps can be supported on load-bearing stringer beams, can be attached to the wall with bolts, attached to two side bowstrings. Consider an example of construction with stringers.

We design a staircase with our own hands

Regardless of the presence or absence of experience, any master should start with calculations and design. The project focuses on safety and the creation of better conditions for movement.

Design and project requirements

• The design must withstand a load exceeding the average weight of a person.
• It must be equipped with fences, the location of which must be taken into account at the stage of project creation.
• Fences are equipped with handrails and balusters, the distance between adjacent balusters should be less than the size of the child's head.

Note. In order to prevent situations that threaten users, it is possible to protect the stairs not with balusters, but with a solid "canvas" of plexiglass or mesh if there are small children in the house.

• The height of the structure is calculated according to the finishing floors of both floors or according to their estimated marks.

• According to the standards, the sum of the width of the tread and the corresponding height of the riser must exceed 50 cm (minor deviations are possible). Recommended height within 14-17 cm, tread width 25-32 cm for full foot support.
• Passage height 1.9-2.0 m. The size depends on the height of users, calculated taking into account the height of the tallest family member + 5 cm.
• The comfortable width of the internal staircase is the distance between the wall and the handrail or between two handrails 0.90 - 1.00 m.

The principle of calculating steps is based on a simple formula

Design is the most critical stage. Mistakes made in the process will turn construction into a waste of time, effort and money. Projects are carried out by analogy, regardless of the material chosen, both the rules and calculations are identical.

Prepare the necessary material

We finally decided that we were building a staircase from lumber. For the manufacture of stringers, a pine board with a width of 40 mm is suitable. Risers, which you can refuse to install, can also be made from conifers. It is optimal if the treads are made of hardwood.

Advice. It is better to buy ready-made steps made of glued wood, created like glued beams from bars with different directions of fibers. They will not deform, dry out, crack.

Let's make braids right

According to the designed dimensions of the step, we draw a pattern. Then we will mark the boards and cut out peculiar teeth on it with an electric jigsaw. Those who wanted to know how to build a staircase with their own hands without mistakes and alterations probably guessed that all elements must be symmetrical. This means that the first sawn beam with teeth will serve as a template for the manufacture of the second, and if the width of the stairs is 1.20 or 1.50 m, then the third.

You need to start with the manufacture of stringers, for the production of which you need a template with the exact dimensions of the step, after which the teeth are cut in the beam to install the steps

Installation of step elements

We fasten the treads and risers to the stringers with nails and self-tapping screws. The master, who decides not to use ready-made factory components, will also need to cut out these elements according to patterns made especially for them.

The tread can be made up of two boards

A structure is considered more reliable, on the supporting beams of which simple triangular or more complex fillies are first installed. For their installation and fastening, dowels and pre-made grooves are required.

Scheme: how to make a ladder with more reliable figured wooden fillies

Install balusters and railings

To install each baluster, we will use an anchor or a hairpin. First, according to the markup, we “put” the hairpin on the glue with the end, which then penetrates through the tread into the stringer, then we twist it and screw the baluster onto the free end. In the same way, fence posts are installed, between which balusters are placed. At the end, the pillars and balusters are equipped with handrails.

Guardrail installations

Video information: common mistakes

Before you get started, you should watch videos with a list and description of common errors.

The process of hand-made construction of stairs cannot be classified as the simplest, but it is not a super-difficult task either. The main snag in competent design. And then pedantry and accuracy should lead the performer, and everything will surely work out.

Today, most country houses are built with two or more floors. And in this case, the question arises of moving between levels, or rather, with the construction of stairs. For these purposes, you can use a variety of materials, both traditional and modern. But probably, one of the most popular materials for the construction of stairs (and other structures) is wood. It's beautiful, relatively inexpensive, and you can do everything yourself. This article will discuss how to make a wooden staircase with your own hands.

Preparatory stage

Before you start building a wooden staircase in a country house, it is worth considering some details. First, it is worth deciding on the type of construction. In private housing construction, the most commonly used two types of stairs:

• marching;
• screw.

Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. So, for example, a spiral staircase made of wood will take up much less free space. But at the same time, such structures are difficult to implement. In addition, the stairs themselves turn out to be rather narrow, it can be difficult for a “big” person to walk along it (not to mention the transfer of large-sized furniture or objects).

The most common option for a private house is considered wood stairway. Such designs can be easily made by hand. They are quite spacious and easy to use. Mid-flight stairs, depending on the height of the second floor, can be with one or two spans. But there is no fundamental difference in the construction of each type.

Second, worth decide on some more options. Namely:

• how much free space you can allocate for the installation of stairs;
• what is the height between floors;
• what is the maximum load the ladder will have to withstand;
• what parts the structure will consist of (what type of steps to choose, what is their height and width, what fences to use, etc.).

You can decide on the appearance by looking at numerous photos and videos from the Internet. Here you can find original solutions, some of which can be fully implemented on your own, with your own hands. Also from the video you can get acquainted in more detail with the instructions for the manufacture and installation of wooden stairs.

After you have decided on the type of wooden staircase and its components, it is worth preparing all the necessary material. But for this you need to do the calculations of the future design and its drawing. at first calculate all scores. Namely:

It is also worth considering the width of the clearance above the stairs. When you climb the stairs, it should be free above your head so that you do not hit. The length of the kosour or bowstring is also calculated.

Preparation of the necessary material and tools

Knowing all design parameters, one can prepare the right material. Wooden stairs can be made from different breeds. Many experts recommend using oak, beech or larch. But such materials are quite expensive. The most commonly used conifers. They are strong enough, easy to process and inexpensive.

When buying wood, it is important to pay attention to its quality. On the boards there should be no places of decay, fallen knots and deformations. Also make sure that the wood is well dried.

For the installation of wooden stairs in the house you will need:

• bars for stringers, their thickness should be at least 50 mm, and the width should be in accordance with the dimensions of the steps. The length of the bar should be enough for the entire length of the march; it is not allowed to sew two bars together;
• boards for tread with a thickness of 40 mm;
• boards for risers 30 mm thick;
• balusters, railings and other additions are best purchased ready-made, they will have a more aesthetic appearance;
• galvanized self-tapping screws, screws and anchor bolts for fastening.

In addition, it is necessary prepare the tool for work. Namely:

• devices for marking and measuring (tape measure, rulers, building corner);
• to make holes you will need a drill (preferably electric);
• a hacksaw for wood (for large parts) and a hacksaw for metal (for small parts);
• a screwdriver or better a screwdriver with a set of nozzles;
• hammer and chisel for making grooves;
• planer (preferably electric);
• sanding cloth.

And, of course, a detailed drawing should be at hand.

Building a ladder

Now let's get acquainted with the installation instructions for the most wooden stairs in the house. The drawing is ready, the materials and tools are in place, you can proceed. Ladder installation do it yourself in the following sequence:

This completes the ladder assembly. Remains only cover all surfaces protective layer of varnish. If you wish, you can cover all surfaces with paint.

If there is a desire to build a wooden staircase in a country house with your own hands, then this business is quite feasible. The main thing is to carefully calculate everything, make a preliminary drawing and pick up good material. And then a little effort and time spent and a beautiful and comfortable wooden staircase, made by hand, is ready. It will certainly decorate your home and bring coziness and comfort to it.

If you have already built a two-story house or are the owner of a two-level apartment, then the topic of constructing a second floor staircase will be of interest to you.

In order to acquire a comfortable and high-quality ladder system, you have only three ways: buy a ready-made structure in a specialized store, order the necessary model from a carpenter, or make a ladder with your own hands.

For those who chose the third option, this article is devoted. In it you will learn a lot of useful information about the staircase design, as well as get acquainted with step-by-step detailed instructions for making stairs in photos and videos.

For owners of a two-level dwelling, the staircase of the second floor is a necessary attribute of the interior

What are the stairs - a little theory

Before you start building stairs with your own hands, you need to decide on the type of construction that will be most suitable for your home.

Types of stairs by design type

We will choose a system from three types:

• Marching.
• Screw.
• Combined.

Let's take a look at each of them a little.

Marching

This type is the easiest to manufacture and therefore, if you decide to make a staircase with your own hands, then this option will be the most suitable for you.

Single-march designs, despite their apparent simplicity, can be beautiful and spectacular.

Marching stairs, in turn, are divided into types:

• single-march;
• two-march;
• multi-march.

Both the first and second types are considered not difficult to manufacture and are in the greatest demand.

screw

Such stairs are a spiral going up to the second floor. This type saves a lot of room space, but it is labor-intensive in production.

The spiral staircase is original and beautiful, but it is better to entrust its production to professionals.

Combined

These systems combine the two previous types. Their manufacture is the most difficult and therefore not suitable for independent construction.

Combined systems are more complex in production and it will be quite difficult for a beginner to mount them.

We make a ladder with our own hands - instructions for making

First, we will determine the material of manufacture and prepare the tool necessary for the job.

Material selection

For the production of a ladder structure, you can choose:

• wood;
• a rock;
• concrete;
• metal;
• plastic.

For the manufacture of stairs, you can use a variety of materials

The most suitable material for self-manufacturing stairs is, of course, natural wood. Its advantages are obvious:

• environmental friendliness and safety;
• non-toxicity;
• ease of processing;
• relatively economical price;
• long service life.

Therefore, for the construction of our stairs, we will choose natural wood. It is best if it is pine wood - spruce, pine. You can also use ash, beech, maple, oak, birch and other species.

Natural wood is the best choice for making stairs with your own hands

So, we have decided on the type of construction being erected - this is a mid-flight staircase. They also chose the easiest to process and environmentally friendly material - natural wood. The next step is to prepare the necessary tool.

Cooking tool

To make a wooden staircase with your own hands, we need:

• Measuring devices - tape measure, ruler, level.
• Electric drill of manual type.
• Hacksaw for woodworking.
• Screwdriver.
• A hammer.
• Electroplaner.
• Sandpaper.

The optimal set of necessary tools

Preparing the basic elements

Before installing the ladder system, it is necessary to prepare the following details:

• Processed boards of the required dimensions (according to the drawing).
• Bars for the production of steps.
• Step boards.
• Bowstrings or stringers (depending on the type of construction).
• Railings, balusters, handrails - these parts can be bought ready-made.
• Fasteners - screws, screws, bolts.

This figure shows in detail all the components of the structure.

The main stages of installation

In order to make a high-quality staircase with your own hands, use the following manufacturing instructions in photos and videos.

Stage 1. Schematic drawing

Let's draw a drawing on which we denote the main elements of the future design.

Stage 2. We perform the necessary calculations

Performing design calculations is probably the most exhausting process, but it still needs to be done. You can do this in a few steps:

• determine the height of the structure - to calculate it, measure the distance from the floor plane of the first level to the floor of the 2nd floor. This will be the length of the march;
• we determine the height of the steps - usually the most optimal height for a person of average height is 17 centimeters;
• we calculate how many steps and risers are needed - for this, we divide the height of the stairs, which we have already measured, by the height of the steps (17 cm);

Before making a ladder, it must be calculated

• step width - for convenience when walking, the smallest value of this parameter should be 22 cm, and the largest - 40 cm.

Stage 3. Making a kosour

We cut the beam prepared for this part to the desired size and cut out the notches of the desired size to install the steps.

Stage 4. Checking the kosour

To do this, we attach it to the place where the stairs will be located, if necessary, we make adjustments to the part.

This diagram shows detailed calculations of the kosour

Stage 5. We fasten the stringers

We attach the stringers and fasten them together to the upper beam using anchor bolts.

We securely fasten the stringers with anchor bolts

Stage 6. Installation of risers

Attaching the risers to the stringer is carried out using self-tapping screws.

Hello everybody!
How to get to an object that is at an unattainable height for you? How to collect fruit from the very top of a tree or paint a house? Such questions, most likely, have visited you more than once, it was for these purposes that a special device was invented, which is called Step Ladder.

Stepladders are perhaps the most popular and necessary ladders, they are used in everyday life and in other areas of activity.
This article will describe the method of manufacturing a ladder, with a detailed photo report.

For the manufacture of stairs we need:

Materials:

Two beams 60 * 40 mm;
- timber 50 * 35 mm;
- self-tapping screws;
- dye.

Tool:

Hacksaw for wood, or other available cutting tool;
- Sander;
- drill;
- a hammer;
- axe;
- mounting.

Let's start with the fact that we take two vertical bowstrings with a beam section of 60 * 40 mm, we take its length at our discretion, in this case the length was 3.6 m.

In order to make the ladder strong and the upper edge of the steps was horizontal when tilted, we make special notches, mark in those places where we plan to install the steps, take the distance between the rungs 30 cm. We use a beam for steps with a section of 50 mm, according to these dimensions we make markings, we apply it on both sides of the bowstring. Next, we note the depth of the notch - 15-20 mm. We connect the received marks with each other with an oblique line, as shown in the photo.

Then, using a sharp ax and a hammer, we remove a piece of wood at an angle, but before that, with a hacksaw, you need to make a recess along the marked line, this is so that the beam does not split in an unnecessary place for us.

We use the ax as a planer, leveling the notch angle.

In a similar way, we make notches on both bowstrings.

Next, using a grinder, we process the surface of the beam.

We need to carefully align the notches we made.

Now with the help of paint we paint the inside of the notches. Set them aside until completely dry.

Next, we take a bar with a section of 50 * 35 mm for steps, it needs to be slightly modified. We take a planer and use it to remove the chamfer. We do the same operation on each bar.

Then you need to make one of the sides of the bars base, for this we take an angular ruler and use a pencil to mark.

When everything is ready, with the help of a cutting tool we saw off all the uneven edges, after that we process the surface with a grinder, smooth the ends.

Now you can proceed to the manufacture of the upper and lower rungs of the stairs. In order to distinguish the top and bottom of the stairs, it must be made with a slight narrowing. The top should be shorter than the bottom. We take the width of the stairs 65 cm from the bottom and 55 from the top. Other sizes can be taken at your discretion. Using a tape measure, mark the length.

With the help of a square, we mark the place where the future step will be cut.

We start cutting.

When the steps are ready, we process the ends with a grinder.

Next, at the edges of the beam we find the center, for this you need to step back from each of the edges by half the thickness of the bowstring (20 mm).

Then, on the marked centers, we make holes for the screws. The self-tapping screw should pass freely into this hole.

We make a countersink using a larger diameter drill for this.

Now install the top and bottom rails by placing and aligning them in the notch. We make the ends of the steps flush with the side parts of the bowstrings. After that, through the existing holes in the steps, we make a mark of the place where it will be necessary to drill a hole. They are needed so that the screws do not split the wood when twisting. The holes were made with a drill 0.2-0.3 less than the thickness of the self-tapping screws.

Now you can fix the step in its place, but before that you should paint the pressure side of the crossbar.

When the required dimensions are set for the stairs, we add the missing steps, for this we lay out the prepared bars in the notches, exposing the base ends flush with the side parts of the bowstrings.

Stairs- this is one of the main elements of the interior design of the room, therefore, when designing it, attention should be paid not only to reliability and functionality, but also to the appearance. Before taking on making a wooden staircase with your own hands, it is necessary to take into account a large number of factors on which not only its design, but also its dimensions will depend.

These factors include:

• available space,
• height,
• maximum load for which the ladder is designed,
• ease of use for people living in the house.

To date, there are a huge number of options for the execution of interfloor stairs, so choosing the right design is a rather difficult task.

Choosing which staircase to build

Stairs marching and spiral. The design of a flight staircase is quite simple and is the best choice if you plan to make it yourself, however, a considerable area is required in order to provide an acceptable slope and height of the steps. This ladder is very easy to use and can withstand heavy loads. It can easily lift furniture and other large items to the second floor, in addition, it is safer, so it will be the best choice if children or the elderly live in the house.

The spiral staircase has a more complex device. It is used in conditions of limited space, when, due to lack of space, it is not possible to ensure a safe slope of an ordinary staircase. The main disadvantages include a not very convenient design, which makes it difficult to lift and does not allow you to carry large items. At the same time, a skillfully executed spiral staircase has sufficient strength and can be the main element of the interior.

Safety above all!

Before proceeding to making stairs with your own hands need to take care of its safety. Firstly, it must be strong and easily withstand a load several times greater than the weight of a person of average build. Secondly, the ladder should be comfortable and ergonomic. In this case, it is necessary to pay great attention to such factors as the height of the steps, the slope of the stairs, as well as the location and shape of the railing. The steps should have a non-slip coating, and the gaps between the balusters should be chosen so that the child cannot squeeze through them and fall.

Design features of stairs

Depending on the method of fastening the steps, marching stairs can be on bowstrings, stringers or bolts.

• Ladders on bowstrings have two side beams to which steps are attached. Such squirrels (strings) can be made of metal or wood. They can be attached to the wall or special supports, providing high strength of the entire structure.

• The steps of the stairs on the stringers are attached to the beams, which are located below and repeat the geometry of the entire structure. Such beams (kosoura) can be straight or curved. Straight stringers, as a rule, have a jagged shape, while the steps are superimposed on the teeth.

• Stairs with a bolt connection of steps are highly durable, so this design does not require additional supports and can be held at two points. The steps are attached to each other with metal rods - bolts, which completely eliminates the creaking caused by the friction of two wooden surfaces.

How to make a staircase with your own hands. Choosing materials

For the manufacture of stairs, softwood is most often used, since it is affordable and easy to process. An oak staircase will be more durable, but the cost of such a design will increase several times, moreover, the processing of this type of wood is a rather laborious task and requires certain skills.

The main steps in the manufacture of stairs

Consider the basic principles of making stairs using the example of a wooden structure on stringers. Before starting the design, it is necessary to understand that any, even minor errors and inaccuracies in the calculations can lead to serious problems that will arise during installation, so each stage should be treated very carefully. Our future staircase will consist of three main elements: steps, handrails and stringers. At the initial stage of design, it is necessary to perform all the necessary design calculations.

Calculation of the width and height of steps

To calculate the size of steps, the formula 2A + B = 64cm is usually used, where A is the width and B is the height. Typical step heights range from 140 to 170mm. We measure the height of the future stairs and divide by the estimated value of the height of the steps.

Suppose it is 240cm, and the desired height of the steps is 17cm. We divide the resulting value by the height of the steps 240/16=15 and round the result to the nearest integer, therefore, our future staircase will consist of 15 steps. Now we determine the exact height of the steps, for this we divide the height of the entire staircase by the number of steps: 240/15 \u003d 16cm. We find the width by the formula, using the height value, we get 24cm. You can also use a table.

The protrusion (part of the step hanging over the riser) should be no more than 3-4 cm. The greater the height of the riser, the narrower the step itself, but its width should not be less than the height. The most optimal step width should correspond to the forty-second shoe size (29-30cm.)

When calculating the stairs, it is also necessary to take into account the distance between the steps and the objects located above them (ceiling, beams, balconies, etc.). It should be at least 1.9-2 meters.

The horizontal size of the stairs is determined as follows: the width of the steps is multiplied by their number, while it should be taken into account that the floor surface serves as the first step, so in our case the calculation will look like this: 13x24=312cm.

If the height of the stairs is large enough, you can make a platform. Such platforms are recommended to be done in 7-8 steps. In the case when it is necessary to design a staircase with a certain number of steps, you can reduce their height in order to make a platform.

Manufacturing of stringers

As a material for the manufacture of stringers, you can use a 40mm wide pine board. Make a pattern that exactly repeats the dimensions of the profile of the steps and mark the prepared boards. Then cut the teeth with a hacksaw or electric jigsaw. In those places where the riser joins the step, it is necessary to cut off the corner. Having made one kosour, you can use it as a template for the rest. Since the strength, safety and durability of the stairs depend on the stringers, you should not save on their quantity, as well as on the quality of the material from which they are made. Boards should be free of knots and any signs of insect activity. Consider a way to attach stringers. To achieve the required strength, as a rule, 3-4 stringers are enough.

Installation of steps and railings making wooden stairs with your own hands

Steps can be attached directly to the stringers, or with the help of additional wooden elements - filly. Measure and cut out the required number of steps and risers from wood, and do not forget to take into account the ledge. Steps are fastened with nails or self-tapping screws.

The design using triangular fillies is more reliable. The fillies are fastened using dowels, for which grooves are previously made. The most durable construction is obtained using complex-shaped fillies, while a special cutout is made on the stringers. The connection of the elements of the stairs is carried out with the help of glue and self-tapping screws.

After the steps are ready, you can screw the railing balusters to them. In order to protect the tree from the influence of destructive factors (dampness, mold of harmful insects), it is necessary to apply a paint and varnish coating on it.

Making a wooden staircase with your own hands, in principle, is not so difficult. All you need for this is quality wood, the necessary tools and a little patience. Before starting work, carefully consider all the nuances of the future design and check the preliminary calculations several times.