Like do-it-yourself pine shingles. Roof deck. How to cover the roof with shingles yourself? Ways to increase the operational life of shingles

Shingles or shingles are one of the original types of roofing. This is a rare, elite and expensive material. As it turned out, it was difficult to find a roofer-draper. Therefore, I will share my personal experience of extracting shingles with my own hands.

Instruments

To make a shingle, you will need a good tool. At one time, I did not find a suitable tool in the store. I had to make it myself.

Main fixture

By trial and error, having studied a bunch of special forums and reviewing a ton of videos, I made three knives of different sizes.

Small, 20 cm long, I made from a piece of metal and sharpened on a lathe. It will be needed to remove small knots, bark.

I made a medium-sized knife from a car spring. Its length is 35 cm. This is the main tool in the manufacture of shingles. I used them the most. However, he could not withstand the load. Since the design of the spring involves holes, plus the length of the cutter played a negative role.

For the large knife, I used a piece of hardened metal 12mm thick, 50cm long, 10cm wide.

Sharpening angle - the secret of great-grandfathers

The most convenient sharpening angle is 30°. With such a tip, it is easy to chip aspen, oak, spruce, pine and poplar. I would advise sharpening on one side. The word shingles itself comes from to tear, tear off. And with sharp, sharpened on both sides of the tools, you will prick or cut it.

Percussion instrument

I don't use a metal sledgehammer or hammer as percussion. Because with constant impacts, the surface breaks, the knife will lose its plane. And this is not convenient in the manufacture of shingles. I recommend using a wooden mallet.

Choosing a material

To make a good shingle, you need the right approach to choosing wood. Pay attention to the butt and the trunk of the tree. There should be no large knots, depressions or damage on the surface. The trunk should be even, not rotten, the structure is close to ideal.

The end or inner part of the barrel must also be free of defects.

Shingle manufacturing process

Here it is worth saying that I got shingles of the following sizes: length 35 cm, width 5 cm, thickness 1 cm. And now I will describe the process in detail.

Step 1 - preparation

The first thing to do is to split the round timber. It is easier to do this not from the end, but from the side. I take an ax and begin to gradually hammer it with a wooden mallet.

I spied on this method from Siberian hunters who go to the taiga for the winter and make skis from pine or Christmas trees.

Splitting the log into two parts, I examine it inside. It should not have defects, large resin ducts, bark beetles. The structure must be even.

Then, I split one of the halves of the log into two more equal parts.

Step 2 - Manufacturing

We turn to the manufacture of the plates themselves. I take a large cutter and a wooden mallet. Gently tapping the knife on one side or the other, I tear off the plate. Thickness is not more than 8 - 12 mm. You need to beat not just vertically down, but a little on yourself. In order not to cut and tear off. When extracting shingles, it is important to put the chubrak with the butt down. So the blade will move along the line of growth of the fibers. The shingles will turn out smooth and not ruffy.

Step 3 - Sanding

In the manufacture of shingles, it is not possible to achieve a smooth and even surface of the plate. For a better fit, I use a two-handed knife, it is called a strut. I put the plate with the butt down and start to trim everything superfluous. I also remove the bark for them.

And for better water flow, I chamfer at an angle of 45 ° from the top of the plate.

Laying shingles

When laying the shingle, there is a rule - the butt should look down. As we make it, so we lay it down. If you lay the plates in the opposite direction, water and snow will linger, and the roof will leak.

Shingles laying methods

The first way is overlapping. The plates are stacked on top of each other, about one third. This method is the simplest and easiest.

The second way is multilayer styling. The first layer is laid flat. The distance between the dies in one row is 3-5 mm.

The next layer covers the joints of the first row. Etc. Four or five layers are laid in this way. This method can be used to make the roof of a house, terrace, veranda.

When making shingles for the first time, you need to be patient. However, having gained experience, you can make an unusual and environmentally friendly version of the roof with your own hands.

In the old days, it was quite difficult to find a more up-to-date roofing material than aspen shingles. In the southern regions of the country, houses were covered with straw and reeds, but in the northern and central regions, aspen shingles were common. Aspen grows, and used to grow everywhere, and shingles, properly harvested and mounted on the roof, for many decades reliably protected the roofs of peasant houses and wooden churches. At this time, shingle roofing is elite, as well as reed, straw and slate, and natural tiles. There are not so many masters who know about the installation of shingle roofing and who have been able to maintain long-standing traditions, and their work is quite expensive.

Shingles are thin plates of wood, which have an average thickness of 3 to 8 millimeters, a width of 80 to 160 millimeters, and a length of 350 to 450 millimeters. For its production, not only such a tree as aspen is suitable, but also larch, spruce and pine. You can use trees with a small diameter for this, the main thing here is that the trunks themselves are even, so that it is easy to cut logs from 40 to 45 centimeters long from them, and without knots. The chocks from which the core is cut out will be used for the production of shingles, since it is most susceptible to cracking. To remove the core, each log is first split in half or quarters and the core is cut out, and the remaining parts are split into thin plates, which are called shingles. Shingles can be harvested in summer, spring and autumn. The bark from the logs must be removed before work, otherwise the shingle roof will begin to rot very quickly.

industrial method for the production of shingles

There is also a method for the industrial production of shingles, when the log is initially sawn into logs of only double length, then a beam is made from them, which is equal in width to the width of the shingles, and after that the beam is unraveled into shingles. Since the length of such shingles is on average 80 centimeters, it can be used on roofs with a large area. For standard roofs, shingles with a long length are not used; they are sawn before being used in half. Sawn shingles will last a shorter period of time compared to chopped shingles, because it is not split naturally, which preserves its fibers, but is cut. Thus, integrity is not preserved in its structure, so if you want to make shingles with your own hands, then you should use the old splitting method. To do this, it is necessary to peel the logs using a specialized method using a knife with two handles, but this is a rather long task; it will take a long time to harvest shingles on a roof with a large area. So you can use a machine that is easy to make shingles, which in the old days was called “mahalo”.

making shingles with your own hands

1. You need to take a log that has a length of 3 to 4 meters and a diameter of 120 to 160 millimeters. We measure 20 centimeters from the end and drill a hole, in which the diameter should be 3 millimeters.
2. A metal kingpin must be inserted into the hole, it must move freely in it, the kingpin must have such a length that would allow the log to be fixed in a wooden block before starting work.
3. At a distance of one meter from the end, where the hole for the king pin is drilled, we fix a knife-bracket along the log, which has a length of 60 centimeters. The knife should be located at such an angle that will allow you to remove shingles of the required thickness from the log.
4. At the opposite end, a handle should be driven into the log, it should have a length of 40 centimeters. With this handle, the log can be moved during operation.

The chopping block made of wood, where the king pin is driven in, should be of such length and width that it is convenient to lay logs under the shingles on it, and the “wave” does not push it off during the work process. If the tree from which you are going to make shingles has dried up, then it should be soaked for a day or boiled for half an hour in an iron barrel in boiling water. The second option is more used for coniferous trees.
But not at all times, harvesting was carried out by a similar old method, for example, in 1939, in the USSR, the inventor Glazunov was granted a patent for a machine for the production of shingles by an industrial method.
If you like wood roofing, but you don’t want to do it yourself, then you can contact companies that know how to produce shingles, and they will do it quickly and professionally. You can also place an order for installation, and at the same time receive a guarantee for the material and for the work performed. If you can't afford it, then the next section is for you.

The slope of the roof for laying shingles must be equal to at least 15 degrees. The crate can be arranged solid or in increments of no more than 10 centimeters. Since wooden planks are light in weight, you can use 5 by 5 centimeters bars or poles that have a diameter of 6-7 centimeters for the crate. Roof shingles can be laid from two to five layers. When laying in two layers, each next plate should cover the previous half, in three rows 2/3, and if laying is carried out in four rows, then in 3/4, in five rows, the grip should be 4/5. A two-layer type coating is used for non-residential premises, but the remaining options are suitable for residential buildings.
There are two mutually exclusive opinions about the arrangement of the waterproofing layer. First opinion: waterproofing, that is, roofing material, can be put directly on the crate, second opinion: waterproofing can be omitted at all. If you follow the traditions of the ancient masters, then in fact waterproofing is not needed, including a continuous crate, since natural building material must breathe in order to properly perform its task. A solid crate and waterproofing interfere with this, and the roof will simply begin to rot.
The shingles should be laid from the overhang of the eaves to the ridge. Since the roof slopes are the most vulnerable places, it is necessary to lay additional boards there, which have a width of 35 to 40 centimeters, and even on the slopes, the number of layers of shingles should be done one more than on the entire roof. The boards are fastened with the help of special wooden nails, they have a length of 4 to 6 centimeters, before starting work they need to be boiled in drying oil.
The manufacture of shingles by splitting forms the plate so that if the plate is slightly bent, the fibers will rise and “pins” are formed. The lower first row should be laid out so that such "stabs" are on the outside, and the remaining rows on the roof so that the "stabs" are on the inside. The most difficult thing is laying the plates in the valleys, here you will need additional layers of shingles and the arrangement of auxiliary planks on the crate.

Companies that manufacture roofing materials offer a wide variety of shingle imitation options. For example, copper shingles, what is it like? In reality, this material, even from afar, does not look like wood plates. Copper plates have different shapes and sizes, it can be rhombuses, squares and others. Copper is less than a millimeter thick. Also, the plates are equipped with special "ears", for which they need to be attached to the crate. The cost of this material can be compared with the cost of wood plates, which were made by hand.
Foreign manufacturers of bituminous shingles offer collections made to look like shingles for purchase. But, in addition to this, there is also a polymer imitation of shingles, it is made of PVC, mineral additives, resins, according to external data, it completely repeats the color, shape and size of wood plates. This building roofing material is produced in three colors: weathered gray, new and brown cedar. This roofing material combines the external data of an ancient coating and modern technological processes for the production of the chemical industry. On sale, in addition to imitation shingles for roofing, you can also find basement siding shingles, which are also made of PVC and use such material to sheathe the lower parts of the walls of houses.

Eco-friendly today are becoming increasingly popular. Many owners of suburban areas cover the roofs of their houses, for example, while some owners of residential low-rise buildings use shingles, which is completely exotic for our time, for facing their roofs. Such boards are laid on the roof according to a certain technology, which, of course, cannot be violated.

What is shingle

They call shingles (shingles) wooden planks, having a thickness of about 3-8 mm and a length of 35-50 cm. Shingles are made from an ordinary log. This material is pre-cut into logs of approximately the same size. Further, the latter are actually split into shingles. Thus, the width of each plank is obtained approximately equal to the width of the log block.

Shingles are laid on the roof using approximately the same technology as any other piece material. In the old days, a wooden shingle roof was usually assembled by connecting elements according to the tenon / groove principle. Today, for the installation of such roofs, in most cases, galvanized nails are used.

Features of material selection

Effective protection of the attic and a long service life - this is, of course, what distinguishes a roof covered with shingles. In the photos presented on the page, you can see how reliable such a roof looks.

However, in order for a roof of this type to be durable, for it, of course, you need to choose a good material. Only the highest quality wood should be used for shingles. From the middle of logs, for example, planks are not allowed to be made. Also, wood with knots, signs of rot or cracks is not suitable for shingles.

In ancient times, shingles were made mainly of oak or larch. Today, this material is also used quite often. The popularity of shingles from such wood is due to its excellent performance and a very long service life. However, oak and larch in our time, unfortunately, are quite expensive. Therefore, in most cases, country house owners still use cheaper pine to make shingles. The shingles of this material also turns out to be quite reliable and durable. But its service life is shorter than that of oak or made from larch.

In addition, aspen shingles are very popular with owners of country houses. This material, like oak, is also durable.

Varieties of wooden tiles

Planks can be used for the manufacture of roofs:

rectangular;

trapezoidal;

"dovetail".

Wooden shingles of complex shape are usually called shingles proper. Wood chips can also be used for roof sheathing. This material is a simplified version of wooden tiles - rectangular planks up to 1 m long.

Sometimes a spindle and a plowshare are used for sheathing roofs. The first type of material in appearance resembles a tile. The plowshare can have a very different shape and is a real work of art. It was this type of wooden tile that used to cover the roofs of the towers of rich princes, as well as churches. These were actually very beautiful shingle roofs. In the photo below you can see such a spectacular dome.

How is shingles made and how much does it cost

Acquire shingles in our time, usually ready-made. At the enterprises, this material is made using special machines.

Laying shingles on the roof these days is considered quite prestigious. Accordingly, such material, in comparison with many modern ones, is quite expensive. In order to buy a square meter of such cladding, the owner of the house will have to spend about 600-700 rubles. The shingles are laid on the roof in most cases in 3-5 layers. That is, in fact, a square meter of such a lining will cost 1800-3500 rubles.

Is it possible to do it yourself

The price of a finished shingle is quite high. Therefore, many owners of country houses would like to know if it is possible to make this material on their own. Of course, you can make a shingle with your own hands. After all, this is how it was made from the very beginning - in the old days.

The technology for cutting shingles looks like this:

the log is sawn into logs 40-45 cm long;

chocks are cut into planks of the required size;

dry shingles in the sun.

It is believed that the best time for making shingles with your own hands is spring. It is impossible to dry shingles in the shade. Otherwise, it may rot. To make the shingle roof look more aesthetic in the future, the craftsmen advise chamfering each plank on both sides at an angle of 45 degrees (in one direction).

What tools are needed for cladding

To cover the roof with shingles, you should prepare:

Galvanized nails or self-tapping screws in large quantities.

• Guide board.

Roof preparation

Like any other protective material, shingles are laid on the roof along the crate. As the latter, a beam with a section of 50 x 50 or 60 x 60 cm is usually used. The crate is installed in increments equal to 1/3 of the length of the wooden tile itself.

It is believed that it is not necessary to waterproof shingle roofs. In any case, the traditional installation technology of this material does not, of course, involve the use of roofing felt or film. However, many experienced builders recommend waterproofing roofs of this type. But this procedure is performed in most cases not in the usual way, as with the use of modern materials, but directly at the stage of shingling the roof.

How to determine the required number of layers

Wood is an environmentally friendly material, but, unfortunately, it is still somewhat moisture permeable. The shingle itself has a slight thickness. Therefore, for more reliable protection of the internal space of the house, shingles are laid on the roof in several layers. The number of the latter is determined by the angle of inclination of the roof slopes:

up to 45 degrees - in 3-5 layers;

more than 45 degrees - in 2-3 layers.

Roofs with a slope angle of less than 14 degrees are not recommended to be sheathed with shingles.

Laying technology without waterproofing

In this case, they begin to assemble a roof from shingles with their own hands from the eaves, gradually moving towards the ridge. The evenness of the masonry is achieved with the help of a guide board. In the first row, which is often made double, an overhang should be made from shingles.

Lay the boards in a row, usually just next to each other. Each element is nailed with two nails in the middle along the length. At the same time, fasteners are located at a distance of at least 2 cm from the edge of each plank. The overlap is made along the guide board, in accordance with its width (usually leaving 15 cm from the bottom). But in any case, each subsequent row should overlap the nails of the previous one. Also, when calculating the pitch, it is worth considering the length of the shingle and the width of the slope. Otherwise, in the last row it will have to be cut with a circular saw.

It is impossible to lay boards tightly to each other when sheathing the roof. Leave a small gap between them. Otherwise, when swelling during rain, the planks may subsequently warp. After the laying of the first layer of shingles, it is usually necessary to trim the edges of the resulting coating from the side of the gables with a saw. When laying each subsequent layer, it is necessary to cover the gaps of the previous one.

How to cover the roof with shingles using a waterproofer

For additional protection of the roof in this case, rolled materials are usually used. The waterproofing agent is pre-cut into strips with a width equal to the length of the planks. Work when facing a roof with waterproofing is carried out in the usual manner. However, in this case, after stuffing, each row is covered with a strip of roofing material.

Rules for the installation of chimneys on the roof of shingles

There are many benefits to shingle roofing. Such a coating is able to maintain optimal temperature conditions in the attic, looks very aesthetically pleasing and can last for many years. However, shingle roofs also have some disadvantages. The main disadvantage of such coatings is the low fire resistance.

Mount shingles on the roof in the area of ​​​​the chimney should be in compliance with fire safety. Laying boards close to the pipe is not allowed. Be sure to leave gaps between the chimney and the lining. The latter are subsequently closed with a tin apron with an overlap. In the case of using a thick shingle, this element is mounted even before the planks are laid.

What is worth knowing

When out of shingles, among other things, the following rules should be observed:

the first and last rows on the slope should be laid from boards that are shorter than the main material;

it is not recommended to sheathe the edges along the pediments and cornices with tinplate when using shingles for cladding.

On the ridge of the roof, trimmed with shingles, splinter is often laid. It is a log for the entire length of the roof with a longitudinal groove, under which the ends of the planks of the upper row are wound.

The roof made of shingles in the last century was the most popular and common type of roofing due to the lack of more practical and reliable waterproofing materials than wood. After more than 100 years, the wooden coating has not lost its relevance and is still used by people who value, first of all, the environmental friendliness and safety of the material. The shingle roof manufacturing technology is a heritage of ancient Russian architects, which was kept and passed from mouth to mouth by craftsmen for a long time, so that now we can make a light, strong and durable coating for our home with our own hands.

Shingled roofing is one of the oldest roof covering methods and uses thin wooden chocks laid in several overlapping layers to form an airtight waterproofing layer. It is made from aspen or pine wood, which is cut into plates of the same size during the production of blanks. A wooden roof is laid with a minimum slope of 15 degrees, compared to metal and polymer counterparts, it has the following advantages:

• A light weight. The shingle coating is light in weight due to the qualities of the wood and the small thickness of the plates. This quality allows you to reduce the load on the truss frame and the foundation of the building.
• Low thermal conductivity. A wooden shingle roof retains heat well inside the building in winter, and also does not allow the room to heat up during high solar activity.
• High noise absorbing ability. The shingle coating does not resonate when drops fall during rain or hail, so it is considered almost silent.
• Affordable price. The shingle laying technology is quite simple, so you can do this kind of roofing yourself without spending money on hiring a professional team.

Note! The disadvantages of shingle roofing are considered to be a relatively short service life compared to more modern counterparts. In addition, it is a fire hazard, so it is not used to cover buildings with a high risk of fire without mandatory flame retardant treatment.

Chock preparation

To make a high-quality and durable roof from shingles, you need to prepare with your own hands or buy thin wooden blanks, most often called chocks. The plates that make up the shingle roof are made from pine, spruce, hardwood or aspen wood, peeled from the bark, in one of 2 two ways:

1. Manually. To make chocks for making a roof from shingles with your own hands, you need to buy even logs, and then split them into 2 halves and cut out the core. All that remains after cutting the core is split into thin plates of approximately the same size.
2. Industrial. The industrial technology for making shingles is different in that the log is divided into larger logs, which makes it possible to make the logs longer in order to simplify the overlap of large-area slopes.

Important! Although the price of industrially made shingles is not that high, it is better to make your own chocks for shingle roofing. The fact is that manually the blanks are made by splitting, and not by sawing, in which the structure of the wood fibers is broken.

Requirements for the crate

A finished wooden roof is a multi-layer waterproofing coating consisting of individual elements that overlap each other. Although shingle flooring is very light, its installation requires a strong and secure base. There are two types of lathing for wooden roofing:

• Solid. A continuous crate consists of individual slats or wooden blocks of square section, laid without gaps.
• Sparse. A sparse crate is also made of slats, boards or wooden bars, however, they are fixed in increments of 5-10 cm, which makes it easier to design and save materials.

Experienced craftsmen argue that vapor-permeable waterproofing must be laid on top of the rafters in order to protect the roof frame from water penetration, but at the same time not to deprive the structure of "breathing".

The technology of laying roofing from aspen or coniferous shingles is a monotonous and long process, which, nevertheless, can be done by hand. A wooden roof can consist of 2-5 layers of chocks. To cover non-residential or utility structures, a two-layer coating is sufficient, and for residential buildings, a multi-layer roof and overlap by a third, a quarter or a fifth of the chock are required. The sequence of shingle roof construction is as follows:

1. First, chocks are prepared. To do this, remove the bark from the logs, cut out the core, and then divide the remaining logs into thin plates of the same size.
2. Waterproofing material is laid out on the rafter legs with sagging, and then it is attached to the frame with a construction stapler.
3. On top of the waterproofing, a solid or sparse crate of edged boards or bars is attached perpendicular to the rafters.
4. Laying chocks start from the bottom row of the roof. The boards are fixed with special nails 60-80 mm long, boiled in drying oil to prevent splitting of the material.
5. The second row is laid with the overlap of the first so as to protect the seams between the planks from moisture leakage.

Please note that in case of breakage or leakage, a wooden roof is easily repaired. To do this, it is necessary to carefully dismantle the damaged chock and replace it with a new one.

Video instruction

All photos from the article

How to make a shingle with your own hands in a workshop in a garage or in a personal plot? How does a machine for making shingles on an industrial scale work? How difficult is it to properly lay this material? Let's try to answer these questions.

What it is

To begin with, let's introduce those readers who are unfamiliar with the material under discussion and with its key features.

Definition

Shingles are chipped boards used as roofing. The raw material for them is aspen and coniferous wood - larch, cedar and pine.

Key feature: shingles, like other natural roofing materials. differing from it in the form and order of laying - shingle, plowshare, shingle - are made by longitudinal chipping of the workpiece.
Sawing will break the structure of the fibers and make the material excessively hygroscopic, which will necessarily affect its service life.

Key features

• All types of wooden roofing can be used without additional waterproofing on roofs with a slope of 12-15 degrees;
• With a smaller slope, the waterproofing material must be separated from the roof by a counter-lattice, which provides ventilation of its back side;

Good ventilation is the main condition for the long life of the roof.

• The total number of layers in a wooden roof can reach eight, which makes its creation very laborious;
• The maximum thickness of the shingles does not exceed 1 centimeter. The minimum thickness is 3 mm at all;
• The typical dimensions of this roofing material are 400x150 mm. However, there are no formal requirements for size: it is determined by the dimensions of the chock from which the shingles are pricked;
• Chock needs debarking: the presence of loose bark will lead to rapid decay of the roofing material. For the same reason, a soft core is cut out of the shingles or at the stage of sorting the boards;
• Larch shingles are the most resistant to adverse atmospheric conditions and durable: its wood practically does not rot and does not absorb water. However, a much softer aspen shingle, despite its hygroscopicity, also boasts a long service life: periodic changes in the level of humidity and linear dimensions of the roof element do not harm the structure of the material.

Criticism

The service life is, as a rule, no more than ten years. The exact value is largely determined by the master's ability to choose the optimal structure of wood and the direction of the fibers; even the direction of the annual rings affects the result. The laying procedure is very labor intensive and a significant percentage of rejection of the material.

For comparison, two people can cover the roof on a finished crate with a metal tile with a reasonable area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house in one daylight hours. The service life of a metal roof with a polymer coating will be at least 30 years.

Manufacturing

piece

Do-it-yourself shingle production for a small shed or chicken coop does not require the purchase or manufacture of any equipment: all work is done with a direct hand plow - a knife with handles on both sides of the blade.

The quality of the roofing material obtained in this way is strongly influenced by the structure of the raw material. What should it be?

For the manufacture of shingles with a plow, only reliable fixation of the debarked chock in a horizontal position is required. Layers of wood are removed from it by moving the plow in the direction from the far edge towards itself; the core is removed with the same plow from the already finished boards.

Artisanal

The traditional equipment for the production of shingles is a simple manual mahalo machine. It is a movably fixed long lever with a knife adjusted to the required thickness of the cut wood, and an emphasis for fixing the chock.

It is curious: massive logs are traditionally used as a lever and a bed.
The mass of the frame makes the swing motionless without pouring a stationary foundation; the mass of the lever and the inertia associated with it makes it possible to overcome the resistance of the fibers at the beginning of the shearing.

Mahalo is a simple device for handicraft production of small volumes of shingles.

Industrial

The industrial machine for the production of shingles is a kind of horizontal guillotine: the reciprocating movement of the knife is combined with manual or mechanical clamping of the workpiece. The productivity of the machine is up to 40 boards per minute and is determined by the speed of loading chocks. The core is pre-cut from the workpiece.

As an example, we will give the characteristics of the SHS-1500 machine manufactured by the Italian company Biffol.

The shingle machine allows manual adjustment of its thickness in the range of 8-40 millimeters.

Laying

The instructions for laying roofing material are identical to those for other types of wooden roofing.

• The board is laid from the bottom up with an overlap of adjacent rows by at least two thirds of the length.. Laying is carried out in at least three layers;

In the photo - three-layer styling.

• The maximum step of the crate should be no more than 10 cm. Often the shingles are laid on a solid plank shield along a counter-lattice;
• As already mentioned, backside ventilation is a must.;
• The board of the lower layers is attached to the crate with galvanized nails at the rate of one nail per board. The shingles of the top layer are fastened with two nails;
• To prevent the nails from pricking the board, holes of a slightly smaller diameter are often drilled under them.. Alternatively, the tips can be bitten off at the nails: a blunt nail does not split the fibers, but crushes them;
• In the valleys (corners between adjacent roof slopes) an additional layer of shingles is laid. Often, a layer of waterproofing material - bitumen or polyethylene - is additionally laid under it.

Conclusion

We will consider our acquaintance with the ancient and so exotic type of roofing material in our time to have taken place. As always, the video in this article will offer additional thematic information to the reader. We will be glad to see your clarifications and additions in the comments. Good luck!