How to make a movable block at home. Do-it-yourself cinder blocks at home. Building blocks from wood concrete

Why make blocks?
What do you need to have for this?
What are blocks made of?
How to produce them?
Why is it profitable to create blocks yourself?
What is the profit from this?
Where to start and how to develop this business?

In this article, you will receive answers to all the questions posed and will be able to "turn on" for yourself a reliable source of income that depends only on you.

And so, let's figure it out in order.

Why make building blocks?

You have probably noticed that construction has been going on rapidly for the last 4-5 years. They build from small and medium-sized private buildings: garages, summer cottages, estates, workshops, workshops, agricultural buildings, to large industrial, residential buildings, storage facilities, centers. Construction professionals are in demand like never before.

New building technologies and materials are emerging. But are they always affordable and affordable for a wide range of developers?

Therefore, they are little used in small and medium-sized construction, both in large cities and in small towns.

The most accessible building material is the so-called cinder block and brick.

Moreover, a brick is often inferior to a cinder block in terms of price, thermal conductivity and ease of masonry.

But hollow building blocks are convenient and affordable for most private developers.

Yes, because due to its properties:

Of these, it is easy to build a low-rise (2-3 floors) building (garage, house, cottage, utility block, workshop, etc.) without even resorting to the services of a bricklayer. (1 block = 3-4 bricks);

Walls made of cinder blocks are sound and heat impervious;

The price of a cinder block is lower than the prices of bricks, foam blocks and other building materials due to the cheapness and availability of its components (see below);

Only cinder block can be made by yourself. You can also make adobe (clay-straw brick) yourself.

So how do you make cinder blocks yourself?

What is needed for the production of building blocks?

It is known that the cinder block was produced by reinforced concrete products on special equipment using a steaming chamber. Therefore, the production of a quality block in domestic conditions was not available.

But if there is a demand, then the supply is inevitable. And it is!

Since 1994, the experience in the production of building blocks in the private sector and in small-scale production has given the answer to the question posed.

What does that require?

vibrating machine
- Raw materials
- Technology
- Relatively flat ground
- Household network at 220V (no comment).

Let's elaborate on each point.

vibrating machine

There are different designs of vibrators. In the domestic conditions of production and small business, the manual, electric, small-sized slag-block vibrating machine MZ30 (produced for the 14th year) has confidently proven itself in the CIS countries. Popularly known as the "Builder's Dream"

Raw materials

The following components are required for the production of building blocks:

Cement- Portland cement brand 400. Let's say another. But proportions are needed. For example, when using cement grade 300, its consumption should be increased by 10-15%.

Fillers for concrete there can be a variety of materials: sand, crushed stone, slag, granulated slag, ash, sawdust, shavings, screenings, expanded clay, gypsum, brick scrap and other natural and industrial materials.

Depending on local conditions, requirements for produced blocks and cost price, the appropriate filler can be selected. I will list several popular concrete compositions and the main groups of concretes

one). Slag from metallurgical enterprises (gray or dark gray with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 9 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

2). Granulated slag from metallurgical enterprises (yellow-greenish color with a high content of cement, seeded fine fraction) - 4 parts

Fine screening - 4 parts

Cement - 1 part

Water 0.5 volume of cement

3). Other cinder blocks

4). Concrete on sand and gravel

5). Concrete on waste bricks

6). Expanded clay concrete

7). ash concrete

eight). sawdust concrete

nine). Perlite concrete

ten). Polystyrene concrete

and other concretes with different combinations of the above.

Now it is clear that the current name "cinder block" is not the most accurate definition of possible building blocks.

Plasticizing additive is not a required component of concrete. But its presence provides: early strength of blocks (this is very important with limited production areas), improves the quality of blocks (reduces cracking and abrasion of blocks), improves water resistance and frost resistance of concrete.

The amount of additive is very small - about 5g per block.

Manufacturing technology of building blocks:

Concrete preparation
Block production
Drying and storage of finished blocks.

Concrete preparation(on the example of the previously given 2nd concrete recipe)

one). Fall asleep 4 shovels of fine screenings + 4 shovels of granulated slag

2). Pour 1 shovel of cement

3). mix thoroughly

4). Add to 7-9 liters of water + 250 ml (half of a half-liter jar) of dissolved UPD. The additive solution is prepared as follows: pour 0.5 kg of UPD into a 40 liter container and mix thoroughly until completely dissolved.

5). Stir. At the same time, the concrete is qualitatively impregnated with a UPD solution.

Block production

one). Pour ready-made concrete with a small slide into the vibrating machine. Briefly, for 1-2 seconds. turns on the vibrator - the concrete sits, with a trowel, in one movement, level the surface of the slightly settled concrete.

2). Install the clamp and, without much effort, press on it by turning on the vibrator.

Blocks with round and rectangular voids are vibrated for 4-5 seconds. before lowering the clamp on the limiters.

Narrow full blocks (2 pieces) vibrate for 5-7 seconds.

3). Raise the machine with vibration - the block remains on the site.

Drying and storage of finished blocks

When using UPD, finished blocks can be removed from the site and stored after 5-6 hours. Without UPD - in two days.

After this time, the blocks do not crumble, subject to the proportions of concrete and the technology of their manufacture.

I advise you to store the finished blocks in pyramidal piles in one block with a small (2-3 cm) gap between the blocks - for further drying of the side faces.

In each such pyramid there are 100 pieces. It's easy to count. It is useful to mark each pyramid with the date and time of manufacture of the last block. This will come in handy during implementation. On the 4th, 5th day you can ship.

production site

A room with a flat concrete floor.

It is possible to produce blocks all year round. Good ventilation and heating is desirable in cold weather.

Open flat area.

It can be concrete or earthen, covered with plastic wrap to preserve the presentation of the blocks (the back side does not get dirty).

Open, relatively flat area without prior preparation.

On such a platform, you can lay out ready-made blocks on pallets.

Where to start the production of building blocks?

1. Select the optimal local concrete material, considering its cost and delivery.

2. Calculate the cost of 1 block, taking into account the components of concrete.

3. Decide on a production site.

4. Get a vibrating machine.

5. Master the given technologies.

At first, concrete can be prepared by hand. Subsequently, it is more efficient and easier - on an electric concrete mixer with a volume of 0.2-0.5 cubic meters (better than 0.5, taking into account the prospect).

Why is it profitable to create building blocks yourself?

I will give my real costs for aggregate with delivery and cement, calculation of the cost of manufacturing blocks and the payback of the vibrating machine "Builder's Dream" for the production of cinder block in Zaporozhye (Ukraine) in 2004 using concrete from granulated slag (gray) and cement.

Initial data:

8 cubic meters of slag- 30 dollars / car with delivery around the city (KRAZ or large MAZ)

Cement:

Proportion 1:9 - 0.88 cubic meters or 18 bags of $ 3 = $ 54

Vibrating machine price- 200 dollars

Total volume of solution:

Proportion 1:9 - 8 + 0.88 \u003d 8.88 (cubic meters)

The volume of the solution for 1 GOST cinder block:

Total volume: 39cm x 19cm x 19cm = 0.014 (cubic meters)

void volume:

At d \u003d 9.5 cm: 3 x 3.14 x 4.75 ** 2 x 15 \u003d 3188 cc \u003d 0.003188 cubic meters

The volume of the solution per 1 w / block at d = 9.5 cm: 0.011 cubic meters

Table of calculation results:

Note:

1. For a cinder block with 2 rectangular voids, less mortar is required (but the strength of such a block is lower)

2. By replacing granulated slag with a local aggregate for concrete acceptable to you, the prices of your region (in Russia, the retail price of a w / block is higher) and using the dimensions of the cinder block, you can easily calculate the cost of 1 sh / block and the payback of the machine for yourself.

Calculation of profitability and profit:

We accept initial assumptions:
Name	Value range	Reference value
Time of formation of 1 block (sec.) without UPD
The number of blocks in 1 hour, taking into account the loading time of concrete in MZ30 sec. (things)
The number of blocks in 1 day (8 hours) pieces
Retail price of 1 cinder block (in 2005): in Ukraine		2.0 UAH ($0.4) 15 rub. ($0.5)
Yield(From the previous table it follows that the cost of 1 sh / block is 1/3 of its retail price)
To produce blocks per day for the amount of: in Ukraine
For a month, produce blocks in the amount of: in Ukraine
The cost will be: in Ukraine
Profit will be: in Ukraine

Note :

If you apply UPD, then productivity will increase significantly.
The record belongs to Viktor Romanov and Sergei Rachmaninoff, who made 700 blocks of 390*138*188 in a day in July 1998

Business development and expansion

1. Hire responsible workers, having adequately interested them. (In our city - 20 kopecks (0.04 cents) per block, in the region - 0.02 cents.)

2. Starting the sale, reduce the retail price, thereby making a worthy competition and getting grateful customers and their recommendations. (Important! The quality must certainly be worthy).

3. In the warm season or in a heated room (regardless of the season), it is possible to organize work in 2 shifts.

4. At the same time, the entrepreneur depends only: on the presence of voltage in the network and on the health of 1 labor force (at the first stage, until payback, you can work with the machine yourself).

5. If appropriate, lease the machine to "builders".

6. Fulfill the orders of "developers" directly on their site, saving them money on loading, transporting and unloading blocks.

7. In addition, - You do not need permission from the State Electronadzor, since all equipment is designed for a regular household network!
Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation of 13.08.97 No. 1013, Gosstandart of the Russian Federation No. 86 of 08.10.2001 and Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 128 of 12.24.2001, the list of products requiring mandatory certification does not include building concrete blocks with various fillers (slag, expanded clay , sawdust, etc.), as well as vibroforming equipment for their production.

Thus, the building block business can be developed in stages:

Start with the minimum cost of purchasing a vibrating machine, 1 machine of local raw materials as a concrete filler, 15-20 bags of cement.

To give free announcements about the implementation of high-quality cinder block.

Produce 800-1000 blocks. Quickly sell out, reducing the retail price.

Purchase a concrete mixer and the next batch of raw materials + UPD.

Align the price to retail (optional).

Post free ads + paid ads.

Productively, with accumulated production experience, to produce high-quality blocks, managing to fulfill orders.

It is no longer necessary to give ads: high quality blocks + word-of-mouth advertising will do their job.

Organize 2-shift production of building blocks.

Expand the range of manufactured blocks.

Purchase additional vibrating machines, possibly a concrete mixer.

Recruit hard workers

Have time to spend profits or invest it in a new business that is just as profitable.

What I sincerely wish you!

Success and Prosperity!!

"Catalog of complete business packages" masterdela.info
mailto: [email protected],
Ukraine, Zaporozhye, August 2005

Each of us needs a family and our own comfortable place for permanent residence. Someone wants to have an apartment in a big city, and someone wants to live where you can grow vegetables and fruits, keep pets, have a house suitable for habitation, and all the necessary outbuildings. But not everyone can afford to build all the necessary premises from purchased building materials. In this case, we think about whether it is possible to build a house from hand-made material.

Aerated concrete blocks are a lightweight building material, so there is no need to strengthen the foundation when building a house.

This question was asked by all generations before us, so a sufficient number of ways to obtain building materials from improvised means have long been known.

The most optimal solution in this case is the construction of housing on your own from what can be obtained directly on the spot.

Elements of the supporting frame: 1 - the first row of blocks based on mortar; 2 - additional cellular blocks; 3 - annular reinforced belt; 4 - reinforced concrete floor slabs; 5 - heat-insulating gasket; 6 - monolithic reinforced concrete distribution belt; 7 - lintel reinforced from concrete; 8 - lintel made of concrete; 9 - waterproofing; 10 - base.

The most accessible of the materials that can be found everywhere is the earth, or rather, the soil, which is under the fertile layer. Since ancient times, both residential buildings and other buildings were built from the ground, but more often in those areas where there was little forest. Blocks were made from this material using plastic molding or tamping, as well as using formwork (the soil was simply stuffed into it very tightly).

For example, if do-it-yourself work on building a house is planned without a basement, then the soil that was taken out for the arrangement of the future foundation will be enough to build the walls of a one-story house. If you make a basement, then the house can already be made two-story. For walls, the soil that is taken out during the construction of a pool, drainage or well is also suitable.

Previously, it was not possible to mechanize at least some part of the manufacturing process of such a building material, but in our time, of course, you no longer have to mix the necessary ingredients with your feet, because special mechanized devices have been invented for this.

With the advent of special mechanisms, the situation with the construction using improvised materials has changed significantly for the better. Using an electrified tool, you can make material - mix it and compact it. And the result is no worse than in ancient times, but it takes much less time and physical effort.

The authors of the equipment in question managed to create a tool suitable for compacting concrete and other construction low-moisture mixtures and materials, as well as soil masses. And this invention, affordable to many, will make it possible to produce most of the building material and parts directly at the construction site.

Soil manufacturing technology

With the help of such a machine, it is possible to form wall blocks from local raw materials, incl. from the soil using the "zone injection" technology.

The production process of this device is based on the reproduction of the natural effect called "fluid wedge". The main technological feature is that the mold, molding powder and supercharger simultaneously move in it. And all this without any vibrations and noises. This eliminates the need for such traditional processes as dosing mass, control of product size and pressure, which inflates the punch in similar molding plants.

In the molding machine called "Mini-supercharger" MN-05, a dense and uniform structure is formed throughout the entire volume of the mold, and the dimensions of the product always correspond to the shape in all respects. When switching to another material, no changeover of the equipment is required. And in the process, the effects of elastic aftereffect, air entrapment and overpressure are excluded.

Block laying sequence: a - single-row dressing system; b - multi-row dressing system; c, d - multi-row dressing system in a mixed way (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

MN-05, which has no analogues in the world, is intended not only for the manufacture of single-format blocks for building needs, with its help it is possible to independently manufacture bricks, and various racks, blocks, slabs for window sills and much more, which is necessary when building a house with your own hands. Various types of soils, and industrial waste, and other materials can act as raw materials for MN-05.

This molding kit is indispensable for owners of gardens and summer cottages, cottages, farmers, landscape designers and architects, as there are endless opportunities for individual creativity both when building a house and when landscaping any area, be it a garden plot or a park.

Everyone has the opportunity to work with this device. Nothing complicated needs to be done. And at the same time, the cost of building a house is several times lower than usual. Here are some parameters of products that can be made on MN-05 (name, size in millimeters and one-time quantity):

raw brick from a soil block - 65x120x250 - 4 pcs;
concrete block for paving - 65x120x250 - 4 pieces;
paving slabs 250x250 - 2 pieces;
concrete gas stone - 65x120x1000 - 2 pieces;
flat tiles -120x250 - 4 pieces;
window sill plate - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
window jumper - 50x250x1500 - 1 pc;
concrete facing tiles - 250x250x15 - 2 pieces;
reinforced concrete post-column - 65x65x100 - 3 pcs;
concrete tray - 65x250x100 - 1 pc.

The “flowing wedge” phenomenon makes it possible to obtain unique material properties: its density reaches 99%, which prevents elastic stress, transverse delamination and expansion of compacts, since air is not trapped.

Manufacturing in a block form

It is better to make a mold for making blocks with a removable bottom, so it will be easier to take out finished blocks.

There are other technologies for making blocks for construction and other building materials for the house with your own hands from improvised materials (clay, sand, lime, sawdust, earth bit) and from cement.

The technology that will be discussed now is similar to the technology called "tise" (technology + individual construction + ecology), but this one is modified and universal, since it can be used to make building blocks with voids (sand and cement mortar ), and without them (clay, sand, sawdust, cement, lime, earthbite).

The durability of block structures using this technology is greater than that of those made by traditional methods - up to 100 years or more. With the help of such blocks, it is possible to erect buildings up to 4 floors.

The process of making a block with your own hands:

preparation of a solution (sand-cement or other);
setting the block form to exactly horizontal position;
pouring the solution into the mold (and, if necessary, ramming it);
after 5-10 minutes, the pins and internal structures are removed to form voids;
removal of the mold from the manufactured structure, further drying of the block.

In this way, you can make up to 40 blocks per day with your own hands. And building blocks made in block form have significant advantages over panel or brick blocks:

very significant reduction in construction costs;
use of economical equipment;
no need for heavy lifting and transport vehicles;
availability of building materials;
minimal waste;
ensuring high strength of the structure;
high thermal insulation of the house;
environmental safety and high level of comfort;
during operation there are no high costs for maintenance and repair.

Building blocks from wood concrete

The main composition of the wall blocks includes wood chips and concrete.

Wood concrete blocks are lightweight building blocks that are made from wood chips (usually from coniferous trees), water, sawdust, chemicals and cement. In the sixties of the last century, the production of such blocks was carried out by more than 100 factories throughout the country. But after the approval of panel construction, production was discontinued.

Nowadays, it is possible to make blocks of wood concrete for building a house with your own hands, with strict observance of all technological requirements. The requirements of GOST, according to which wood concrete was previously made, involves the use of wood particles, the size of which is strictly 40x10x5 mm. The number of leaves and needles cannot exceed 5% and should not exceed 10% of the bark.

For manufacturing, a considerable amount of cement is needed, which worsens the thermal insulation properties of the material. It is because of this that wood chips are considered an ideal option as the main raw material.

Arbolit is an ideal material for making the walls of a bath or sauna.

Experts recommend the use of sawdust and shavings, because wood shavings can serve both for heat and for reinforcement. The ratio of sawdust and shavings can be either 1:1 or 1:2. Before use, in order to avoid rotting from chips and sawdust, sugar must be removed, and for this it is necessary to keep the material outdoors for 3-4 months. Without this procedure, swelling of the blocks is possible in the future.

During aging, it is necessary to periodically shovel chips with sawdust, but if this is not possible, then the mixture must be treated with calcium oxide. A solution is prepared at the rate of 150-200 liters of a 1.5% solution per 1 m² of raw materials. The processed mixture is left for 3-4 days with stirring several times a day.

For the manufacture of wood concrete is required. Experts recommend using Portland cement 400 grade, and as additives - liquid glass, slaked lime, aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate.

Additives are prepared in the amount of 2-4% of the mass of cement. The best combination of additives is considered to be a mixture of 50% calcium sulfate and 50% aluminum sulfate, or in the same ratio of water glass and calcium oxide.

Process Features

If possible, you can prepare both shavings and sawdust with your own hands using special machines and processes, but you can also purchase this raw material in finished form and already processed.

This material is soaked in water with the addition of liquid glass. And to speed up the process of hardening and mineralization of the material, calcium chloride is added to the mass. In order to carry out disinfection, you need to introduce slaked lime.

And only after all these preparations, the mass is kneaded in a concrete mixer along with cement and other necessary ingredients. Next comes the filling of special forms with the resulting material, while it is necessary to compact the mixture with a manual rammer, a vibropress, or pneumatic or electric rammers.

Material shaping

Experts recommend making forms for blocks from boards and upholstering their walls with linoleum in order to make it easier to remove building blocks. With manual tamping, it is done in layers, made of wood and iron-studded tamper. After the block is aged for a day, and then removed. Then it is left under a canopy for full refinement to the desired strength. In this case, it should be covered while still wet for hydration.

The optimal temperature and time for this is 15 degrees and 10 days. At lower temperatures, longer holding times will be required. it is important not to allow the mark below zero and do not forget to periodically water the blocks with water.

Expanded clay blocks

You can do it yourself and. First of all, for the manufacture of expanded clay blocks, you need to prepare a special form. You can run it from a regular board. The form is made from a pallet and two halves, resembling the letter "G". The boards must be treated on the inside with machine oil or beaten with tin. At the ends, special closures should be installed that will not allow the form to disintegrate or change dimensions.

It will be a little more difficult to make a form with void formers for an expanded clay block with voids, but this is offset by the economical consumption of expanded clay mixture. If desired, schemes for their correct manufacture can be found in articles on this topic.

The size of the form can be arbitrary and depend on the construction tasks, but the following sizes are more often used:

39x19x14 cm;
19x19x14 cm.

In addition to the form, you will need the following tools:

Master OK;
shovel;
buckets;
container for primary mixing of components with water;
metal plate for final mixing of expanded clay concrete mass;
water, sand, expanded clay.

Component ratio

To make a quality mixture, you need to take:

1 part of the binder - cement grade not lower than M400;
8 parts of expanded clay (approximately 300-500 kg / m³). It should be added that about 5 kg of expanded clay fraction from 5 to 20 mm is placed in a bucket of 10 liters;
sand - 3 parts without admixture of clay and other components;
0-8 - 1 part water.

Experts advise adding a teaspoon of any washing powder to the solution for greater plasticity of the solution.

Proper mixture casting

With a trowel or shovel, you need to carefully pour all the components into a container of water and let this mass settle for some time. Then it is transferred to a metal sheet and brought to the desired state by thorough mixing.

After the finished mixture is placed in a mold and subjected to vibration using a special device that creates vibration impulses. You can get by with tapping with a shovel on the sides of the form.

After two days, the rammed block must be carefully released from the mold by unhooking the shutters on it, and in this form it should be left to harden for another 26 days.

A standard expanded clay block weighs from 16 to 17 kg, and it takes about 1.5 kg of cement, 4 kg of sand and 10.5 kg of expanded clay. Having made some simple calculations, we get that each block costs about 25 rubles, with an average cost of finished expanded clay of 30 rubles without delivery.

Aerated concrete blocks

For the preparation of blocks of aerated concrete, the following components are needed:

Portland cement;
quicklime;
sand;
water;
a small amount of aluminum powder.

You will also need:

concrete mixer;
forms for blocks;
metal strings, in order to cut off excess mixture from the top of the molds;
shovel;
measuring utensils;
buckets;
individual protection means.

The components are taken in the required proportion: quicklime and Portland cement - 20% each; quartz sand - 60%; aluminum powder - less than 1% and slightly more than 9% - water. All this is mixed in a mixer until the consistency of sour cream.

Molds for casting aerated concrete experts advise to purchase ready-made, preferring metal and plastic molds. And the finished mixture is poured into such forms, filling it in half, since gas formation will raise the mixture to the rest of the mixture in some time. And if the mixture rises above the edges, then the excess is cut off by the strings.

The mixture in the forms is aged for 6 hours. In this state, the blocks will already be ready for cutting into smaller pieces after the formwork is removed from the precast molds. When cutting, it is necessary to form gripping pockets and grooves for the fingers.

Further, in industrial conditions, the blocks are placed in an autoclave to gain strength, but these installations are very expensive, so when self-manufactured, the blocks will gain strength in natural conditions.

The removed and cut blocks are kept indoors for another day before they can be stacked one on top of the other. Such material can be used to build a house only after 28-30 days, when the blocks gain their final strength.

Whatever method you choose to prepare the material for building a house with your own hands, in any case, the construction of buildings from it will come out cheaper, and in some cases much more environmentally friendly, stronger and more comfortable than using industrial material.

OKVED codes required when registering an individual entrepreneur for this type of activity: 26.61: Manufacture of concrete products for use in construction; 26.66: Manufacture of other products of concrete, plaster and cement; 51.53: Wholesale of timber, building materials and sanitary equipment.

gas silicate blocks- high quality building material. They are characterized by low cost, environmentally friendly production and light weight. These qualities have allowed the material to gain wide popularity in the construction industry.

The blocks have high strength, and due to the cellular structure, gas silicate can have a density of 300kg / m³ to 700kg / m³, evenly distributed throughout the block, which also increases the popularity of this product among construction companies.

Requirements for a production facility

The room allotted for the production of gas silicate blocks with their own hands must meet certain requirements. To store raw materials and finished products, you will need a specially designated place. The height of the room must be at least three meters.

Likewise, those the process provides for the presence of electrical networks with a voltage of 380V and 220V, water supply and access roads. The room itself must be insulated and cleaned of dirt and debris.

The production of gas silicate is considered waste-free, so there is no need for sewerage on the territory of the mini-plant.

Equipment for the production of gas silicate blocks

To organize a mini-factory in a garage or a small rented room, you will need the following machines for the production of gas silicate blocks:

vibrating sieve
Industrial autoclave;
Forms for blocks;
ball mill;
Bunker batcher;
Concrete mixer.

Equipment price

Where and at what price can you buy for the production of gas silicate? Let's dwell on this issue in more detail:

vibrating sieve for sifting sand. Inexpensive options that take up little space are suitable, such as: vibrating screen VO-1, manufactured by Aver-Irkutsk, with a power of 0.25 kW - $ 320, vibrating screen VO-01, OOO "Construction Equipment" - $ 370, vibrating table VS-250, Stroymashservice-Don - $575, version without a vibrator, Stroytechnopolis - $125, machine from Elsie-stroy - $520, VIBROMASH VO-1, Delta-engineering - $450;
ball mill. Uralmash MShTs-210*3000 - $1740, Uralmash MSTs-3600*4500 - $1740, ball mill MSHMP-0.8 - up to $5750, mill from CJSC Paritet Dry Grinding - $3710; CJSC Paritet wet grinding - $ 3310;
Dispensers. Bunker - dispenser BD-30 from the Zlatoust plant of concrete mixing equipment - $ 5,750, Bunker dispenser for a concrete mixer from NPO KSK - $ 1,130;
concrete mixer. Options from companies: Kit-South - $ 90, B 130 "Enthusiast" - $ 180, Bottlenose Falina Chelyabinsk - $ 225, TOR 46l. From the TOR Trading House - $ 125;
Forms. Metal cassette molds for cellular concrete from Krasnoyarsk, TSK Group of Companies - $ 185, Metal cassette mold Stroy Mekhanika Kirov - $ 315, Standard-1 mold, for 36 blocks - $ 350;
Autoclave. Machine manufactured by "UralCenterKomplekt" Ag-1200 tz - $ 43,550, autoclave through passage AP 1.2 - 2 * 17, manufactured by "Stroykompleks Brik" - $ 26,135.

To buy a quality machine for the production of gas silicate blocks, you will have to carefully choose the option that is right for you and compare their power and performance.

In order to compare prices and technical characteristics of production machines, it is recommended to study the foreign market.

Production technology of gas silicate blocks

For production, in addition to equipment, you will need knowledge of manufacturing technology and the proportion of raw materials.

Production process of gas silicate blocks

The process is quite simple to perform. Subject to the proportions and proper implementation of the technology, a quality product will be obtained.

Using a vibrating screen, separate bulk material from excess fragments;
Grind raw materials for the production of gas silicate blocks in a ball mill;
Observing the proportions, mix all the bulk components, except for the aluminum suspension;
Perform re-sifting;
Add aluminum powder and water, mix thoroughly;
Fill the forms with a mixture of ½ of the total volume of each of them;
Leave the molds with the mass at a temperature of at least 40 ° for 2 hours;
Process the blocks with an autoclave;
Leave for 3 hours to complete the chemical processes and curing.

If you want to produce gas concrete blocks in accordance with interstate standards, then read the provisions of GOST 31360-2007, 21520-89, 25485–89, 31359, which describe the requirements for unreinforced wall products made of autoclaved cellular concrete.

On sale you can find various sizes of gas silicate blocks, but according to GOST 31360, the size of each block must comply with the following standards: length - 625mm, width - 500mm, height - 500mm.

The proportions of the ingredients for the manufacture of the mixture

Consider what gas silicate blocks are made of. For the production of 1 cu. up to 2%), lime - 120 kg (the percentage of lime is 12% to 20%), as well as aluminum powder - 0.5 kg (up to 2%).

To achieve the highest density of the material, the proportion of pores should be no more than 38%, such a building block is suitable for capital construction.

With an average density, gas silicate is a material with a pore fraction of not more than 52%.

The highest allowable porosity of light cellular material will be up to 92%. In the latter case, the use of gas silicate blocks is only permissible for thermal insulation.

Production of gas silicate blocks at home

Such production is possible if there is a room that meets the relevant requirements.

Blocks made at home are inferior in quality to goods released on the production line.

First of all, this is due to the technical characteristics of the technology used. But it should be noted that the gas silicate produced by a small private factory is in no less demand than the factory one, due to its affordable price and a small difference in the quality of the building material.

Profitability calculation

Let's calculate the payback period and profitability of a small home plant for the production of gas silicate building blocks.

Investments

Vibrating sieve - $ 450;
Ball mill - $5,750;
A batcher for a concrete mixer - $ 1,130;
Concrete mixer - $ 225;
Forms - $ 350;
Autoclave – $26,135

Total: $34,040

Costs per 1 cubic meter of raw materials

Water - 450l. - $ 0.6;
Cement - 60 kg - $ 2.5;
Quartz sand - 450kg - $ 7.8;
Gypsum - 0.5 kg - $ 0.1;
Lime - 120 kg - $ 6.2;
Aluminum powder - 0.5 kg - $ 0.1.

Total: 17.3 dollars / 1 cu. m.

The volume of production at our mini-factory will be 1500 cubic meters. m. per month, the sale price of 1m³ is $45. With full implementation, the monthly income will be $67,500. Net income - $ 24,250 per month. Taking into account the factors accompanying the manufacture and sale of goods, investments in a small private factory will pay off in 3 months of work.

Let's summarize. Analyzing the amount of profit and the payback period of investments, we can say that gas silicate blocks as a business are a profitable enterprise with a high profitability ratio.

Building a house from blocks is moving faster than from bricks. You can buy them freely, but many make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for the construction of walls. It also speeds up the use of building blocks for the foundation. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic meter. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look, is not such a super complicated matter.

Where to begin?

And the beginning of everything is the manufacture of forms.

Forms

On sale there are forms for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape of the workpiece from it and weld the shape. They also make molds from wood, they are good for adobe blocks. The bottom is not needed here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What makes DIY building blocks good is that they use material that you already have or you can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made on the basis of cement with different fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the material chosen, it is possible to manufacture home-made building blocks of the following types:

cinder concrete;
blocks based on liquid glass;
adobe;
chip concrete or arbolite.

How the filler is used:

ash;
slag;
screenings;
crushed stone;
gypsum;
perlite;
expanded clay;
sawdust;
straw;
broken brick and more.

Blocks without cement

The manufacture of building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because liquid glass is present in the mixture. Is it possible to negotiate with the nearest reinforced concrete plant and buy the main component there. The mix will be:

two dozen parts of river sand;
one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
4 parts of chalk;
3 parts of slaked lime;
2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

First, the sand is sifted;
chalk is added;
everything mixes well;
slaked lime is introduced;
kaolin or brick crushed to a state of powder;
liquid glass.

The feedstock should be homogeneous, pasty. Before pouring this dough-like mass, moisten the molds from the inside. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this, add:

chalk of any color;
powdered red brick.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement.

Expanded clay blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

cement - 1 part;
expanded clay - 5 parts;
sand - 3 parts;
water - about one part.

Technology

The manufacturing technology of expanded clay concrete building blocks is, in general, the same as any other:

the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
rammed;
the form is removed after 10 minutes;
the product remains in place;
after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
in warm weather, the blocks will become hard after a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks are better with voids. To do this, inserts made of wood are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be taken out well, before inserting them, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

light weight;
frost resistance;
breathability;
moisture resistance;
strength;
small cost.

A house made of expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than a brick house, less mortar is needed for masonry.

adobe blocks

Components

For this type of block, the material is literally underfoot. All it takes is:

clay;
straw;
river sand;
water.

Selection features

In order for the characteristics of the building blocks to meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of the selection of components:

It is better to prepare clay in the fall, cover it with a film and let it winter - this will improve its quality.
Sand first sift, freeing from impurities.
Straw can be taken to the field where wheat, rye or barley have just been harvested. If the straw remains from the harvest of the past year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying down, it begins to sing.

How to determine the percentage of components

clay - 1 cu. m;
straw - 20 kg;
sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do it like this:

we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
we make a batch;
form a ball;
leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
We throw it on the ground at a height of a meter and a half.

If all the components are matched in the right proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Added more sand than it should? It will break or crack. Not enough sand? The ball will float. So in a practical way, we select the most optimal option.

Training

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a recess in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line the bottom with polyethylene. Although some kind of ready-made container is also suitable: a trough or an old bathtub. Then everything is as it was done in the old days: we put on high boots made of rubber and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for products: we select a flat sunny place;
we bring the mixture with buckets;
filling out forms;
we compact;
we remove the excess by drawing a board along the upper edges of the form;
remove the form.

Finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they do not get rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried again. Will be ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolit)

The technology for manufacturing blocks from sawdust concrete is similar to the manufacture of adobe blocks, but the components need not be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start manufacturing, you need to purchase:

cement - M300 or higher;
sand - a fraction no larger than 1.8 Mcr;
not slaked lime;
sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

sift sawdust;
mix dry cement and sand;
lime here and mix again;
add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
pour water;
In order for the components to adhere well to each other, we add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
we control the quality of the mixture.

For quality control, roll the ball and squeeze it in the palms. If water flows, then there is too much of it in the mixture, if the ball crumbles, there is a lot of sawdust or sand.

Let's start manufacturing

We line the form with plastic wrap;
lay the mixture;
rammer;
without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
take it out of the mold and dry it further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is to be large-scale, then it may make sense to invest in equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL on sale. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions of 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Produced by a Russian manufacturer - the company INTEK.

Vibrating tables are widely used in the manufacture of building blocks. They allow you to solve the problem of ramming mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

movable table;
engine;
control panels;
sometimes a transformer is included.

Compaction of the working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by the vibration motor.

Working cycle

on the movable table we set the form;
put in the mold half or completely dry mixture;
start the engine;
drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

up to 75 kg;
from 75 to 160 kg;
from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should choose the best vibrating table for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are released by:

Russian company VPK;
Stroymash LLC;
plant "Red Poppy" in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
Germany - Wacker;
Italy - Batmatic;
France - Paclite.

The popularity of the cinder block is due to its practicality, low cost and ease of masonry. From this material, you can independently build houses, outbuildings, baths, garages and other structures. And it is not at all necessary to purchase ready-made blocks, because making cinder blocks with your own hands at home is not particularly difficult. It is enough to study the features of the building material and the sequence of actions in the process of masonry. From this article you will learn how to make high-quality cinder blocks at home, what requirements should be followed, and what mistakes should be avoided.

What is cinder block

Consider what the cinder block consists of. This is a regular parallelepiped 39 cm long, 18.8 cm high and 19 cm wide. The more correct its shape is, the easier the laying process will be. Blocks can be solid or hollow. Solid products are used for the construction of load-bearing walls and interior partitions. In contrast, hollow blocks, having a voidage of about 30%, are more economical. Voids make cinder blocks warmer, increase their soundproofing properties. In addition to the construction of walls, such products are used to insulate the concrete frames of buildings.

The production of a hollow cinder block provides for the presence of several holes. The number of holes can be 2 or 3. The shape of the holes can also be very different: round, rectangular or square.

We make do-it-yourself cinder block mold

The first step is to purchase or make your own molds for cinder blocks. It is in them that cinder blocks will be made with their own hands. You can make one form if there is a small construction. If there is a desire to speed up the process of making a cinder block at home, then you can make a blank designed for the simultaneous production of 3-6 blocks. Design drawings are prepared in advance.

Consider how to make a mold with your own hands, the dimensions of which are 400x200x200 mm. To do this, you need boards or sheets of metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm. The structure itself consists of a bottom to which the walls are attached. The height of the walls corresponds to the expected height of the parallelepiped.

To form voids, metal pipes with a diameter of about 6–9 cm are taken. They must first be processed with a grinder so that cones are obtained. This is necessary to ensure the ease of removing them from the hardened cinder block or removing the mold from a block that has not yet hardened. The pipes are connected by a metal bridge and fixed at the bottom or on the side walls of the mold.

The production technology of cinder blocks allows the use of wooden blanks in the form of cones. If you follow a very simple path, then bottles filled with water are used for the manufacture of cinder blocks, which are recessed in the solution. True, in this case, after pouring, it is necessary to wait for the solution to solidify in the form.

The form can be detachable. To do this, the walls are fixed so that they can be easily removed. In this case, easy release of the finished cinder block from the mold is ensured. Grooves are cut in the long walls of the mold, into which short transverse walls are inserted.

In the process of making the mold, a cover will be required, which will ensure that the surface of the solution is leveled, and will also be a kind of press. Holes must be made in the lid for conical components if they are not intended to be attached to the lid. If the conical protrusions are rigidly fixed on the lid, then the lid also acts as a press. If readers are interested in how to make cinder blocks full-bodied, then for this it is enough to remove conical cylinders from the structure, and make the lid monolithic.

Production of a vibrating machine

To ensure the best quality of the products obtained, special equipment is used for the production of cinder blocks at home. This is the so-called vibration machine. It allows you to create vibration after pouring the solution into the mold, which helps to compact the solution and increase the strength of the product. Consider how to make a homemade vibrating machine yourself. Its scheme is quite simple.

Vibrating Machine for Single Block Production

According to its design, the vibrating machine consists of the following elements:

A metal box (form) designed for the simultaneous production of 1-3 cinder blocks with your own hands. The box is made from sheets of metal. Its dimensions correspond to the dimensions of future products.
Cylinders for forming voids. In this capacity, pieces of metal pipes are used, which are processed with a grinding wheel to form a taper. The cylinders are interconnected by a metal bridge along the long side of the mold and attached to the side walls. The distance from the bottom of the cylinders to the bottom should not be less than 3 cm.
A slotted cover that fits over the cylinders.
Handles on the sides for removing the mold from the blocks.
An electric motor with a power of 0.5–0.8 kW. It is bolted to one of the mold walls.

On the reverse side of the mold, lugs are welded for attaching the cylinders. If it is necessary to make full-bodied blocks, then the cylinders can be easily removed from the lugs. Finished equipment for the manufacture of cinder blocks is cleaned and coated with paint.

With the help of such a machine, the cinder block at home is very durable, has the correct geometry.

After the manufacture of cinder block molds, you can proceed to the direct production process.

The proportions of the solution for the manufacture of cinder blocks

There is a certain recipe for the production of cinder block:

The main filler - 7 parts. Slag filling is usually used, but it can be replaced with crushed ceramic bricks, gypsum, sawdust, gravel and other similar components.
Cement - 1.5 parts. You should take cement grade not lower than M400.
Sand sifted - 2 parts.
Water - to the point. To determine the optimal density of the solution, you need to squeeze the solution in your hand, and then throw a handful on the ground. At normal density, the solution will disintegrate, and upon re-compression, a single mass will form again.

The cinder block production technology provides for the additional introduction of a plasticizer intended for concrete into the composition of the solution. It helps to increase the strength, water resistance and frost resistance of products. The plasticizer is taken in the amount of 5 g per 1 block.

The technology of independent production of cinder blocks

Before you make cinder blocks, you should study the recommendations of experienced craftsmen who talk about the most popular mistakes of beginners.

Scheme of production of one block with manual rammer

The production of cinder blocks at home consists of several stages:

1. A concrete solution is being prepared. To do this, it is better to use a concrete mixer.

2. The concrete mixture is poured into the prepared form. It is superimposed with a slide, which settles in the process of ramming. In the manufacture in the usual form, you can use the rule by which the mixture is smoothed flush with the walls.

3. The form is closed with a lid.

4. If a vibratory machine is used, it is turned on for a few seconds, during which the mixture is compacted. When using the usual form, you can tap on its walls with a hammer. This is necessary so that air bubbles come out of the concrete, and all voids are compacted.

5. The compacted mass can be immediately removed from the mold, but it is recommended to keep it inside the mold for a day.

Many are interested in the question: how long does the finished product dry? Within a day, the blocks can be transferred to a place of permanent storage. If a plasticizer was used in the process of their manufacture, then the solution solidifies after 7–8 hours. During storage of the material, it is not allowed to be in direct sunlight. It is best to store blocks in a warehouse at a constant temperature and high humidity. In a month, any structures can be built from blocks.

As you can see, making a cinder block with your own hands is quite simple. And its cost is such that it allows you to save twice on materials.

We figured out how to make a cinder block with your own hands. If you want to build a small outbuilding on your site, then there is no need to buy a ready-made cinder block. It is easier to make it yourself by buying cement and a slag machine. Moreover, the equipment for this can be made by hand.

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