What are the building insulation systems, their types. Facade insulation system: wet methods and ventilated systems Thermal insulation materials for facade design

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No matter how much we want, but winter comes every year and, as always, “suddenly”, moreover, declaring itself loudly with blizzards, frosts and snowfalls. The price of an energy carrier does not fall, but only grows, so you have to think about saving and preserving heat on your own.

It is no secret that possible heat losses are distributed as follows:

• Doors and windows can lose up to 50% of all heat;
• Walls - up to 40%;
• Attics and cellars - up to 20%.

And if everything is clear with doors and windows, doors are insulated once and for a long time, windows are glued either annually during the season, or before the onset of cold weather, the condition of the seals in plastic windows and in wooden windows with double-glazed windows is checked, then the problem is not solved so easily with walls .

But what to do

Yes, eternal questions require coverage, all the more you agree to insult the environment at your own expense. After all, 40% of the payment you actually throw away.

There are several directions in solving the issue of wall insulation:

• Internal wall insulation;
• Multilayer sandwich structures, where a layer of insulation is necessarily present;
• External wall insulation.

It is to this material that today's instruction is devoted.

Interesting to know! Internal insulation has a number of shortcomings, which, unfortunately, have not been resolved to date. These include an increase in humidity in the room, and the formation of fungus and mold, as well as such an unpleasant moment as the preservation of cold bridges. These cold bridges are formed when joining the walls of the inner to the outer. At the same time, heat losses remain quite high in these places, therefore, this direction in wall insulation is not considered today.

Layering - final or intermediate decision

Multilayer walls with layers of materials with different densities are not a new idea and have been actively used in construction, especially in the last few decades.

There are also several technologies that need to be covered here. So:

• Bricklaying in the form of a well or well masonry. The technology is quite laborious, requires accurate calculations and the corresponding level of masons. The difficulty lies in the fact that special cells (wells) are being prepared for the insulation, and this requires skills.

A brick wall, evenly and neatly laid out, always attracts the eye and arouses admiration, and in this case also with thermal insulation. At the same time, the resistance of the material to atmospheric influences can be ignored, because the insulating material will be protected by a layer of bricks.

As a direct insulation, you can use a layer of expanded polystyrene, or mineral wool. But is everything so rosy, and are the owners of private houses ready to carry out just this type of insulation with elements of brick aesthetics.

Practice, unfortunately, shows not at all optimistic results. The cost of such cladding and thermal insulation will not be economical at all. Moreover, the construction time is quite long.

The fact that mineral wool or expanded polystyrene will perfectly perform their functions in summer does not mean at all that it will also be in winter. The problem is in the plane of moisture removal.

In addition, due to the joints of the bricks to the wall, the problem of cold bridges is not completely eliminated. There is another complication, financial, imagine that you are actually building another house.

• External three-layer wall panels. Great hopes were pinned on this invention, but practice has shown the erroneousness of calculations and the emptiness of hopes. The same problem of moisture removal remained unresolved, moreover, the joining of sandwich panels left exactly the same cold difficulties as in ordinary panel houses.

And even the proposal to use a vapor barrier in such structures was not successful. Immediately there was a need for forced ventilation, and these are energy costs, heat loss and difficulties in solving these problems in door and window openings. Therefore, this idea remains a beautiful idea today.

• A kind of hybrid in the family of multilayer systems, a multilayer wall with a ventilation channel. This invention made it possible to immediately solve two problems that arise when applying layer technology.

Firstly, moisture does not linger in the sandwich and goes outside. Secondly, the problem of cold bridges is removed, and, consequently, heat loss.

But with this type of thermal insulation, some difficulties arose, which we will definitely tell you about:

• The first difficulty is at the level of the foundation of the building. In this case, it becomes necessary to build an additional foundation for a new structure, and these are additional financial costs. The foundation itself is calculated from the thickness of the insulation, the thickness of the channel (at least 40 mm) and the thickness of the brick.

• The second difficulty is that cold air freely penetrates to the insulation, and it is not necessary to talk about the thermal insulation of the entire structure;
• And finally The third problem lies in the design features of such a system. It is assumed that for every 20 squares of area, the system should have two holes, upper and lower, for the normal removal of moisture.

However, this system is not considered ideal for two reasons:

1. The channel can become clogged with dust, dirt, foliage and other fillers, while cleaning it is very problematic;
2. This type of insulation is considered costly, it requires both time and money. To date, there is no confirmation that these financial and time costs pay off.

External insulation is more familiar

Yes, indeed, apartments insulated from the outside are no longer surprising, private houses, shops and even government agencies with external insulation are already considered commonplace.

Experts say that this type of building shelter has a whole set of positive qualities, judge for yourself:

• The outer wall is completely dressed in a kind of shell, which protects it from the effects of atmospheric influences, daily temperature fluctuations (especially in the off-season), which in turn lead to various destructive processes;
• Flora is not formed between the layers, which distinguishes this type of insulation from the internal one;
• The specified shell removes the problem of cold bridges, helps to reduce heat costs for heating such premises (insulated buildings practically do not give off heat), the problem of northern walls and cold outer corners is solved;
• No condensation on internal surfaces;
• The noise level in the apartment or house is reduced, since the heaters also have excellent soundproofing qualities;
• There is a concealment of visible defects of the outer walls, aesthetics has always occupied the leading roles;
• Modern materials and designs from them have a fairly long service life.

External insulation methods

Facade insulation systems involve the active use of two types of materials: polystyrene foam( and mineral wool. And outdoor work - two methods:

• Contact methods of wall insulation;
• Hinged facade systems with ventilation.

1. A feature of fixing the insulation in the first case is gluing the thermal panel directly to the wall of the house. But even here there are two technologies that have names: the light wet method and the heavy wet method.
2. In the second case, not glue, but dowel fastening is used (or the use of special fasteners). At the same time, the insulation itself is closed with decorative panels.

Here's more about that.

Wet methods for facades

Adhesive fixation of insulation.

Contact or wet facade design methods have probably been seen by many residents, especially cities. The most widespread is the light wet fastening method, while either mineral wool slabs or already sounding extruded polystyrene foam are used as a heater. The finishing of this design is carried out with thin-layer plaster.

Note! The difference between the light wet method and the heavy one lies only in the fact that with the heavy method, a metal mesh is exposed and fixed between the insulation layer and the wall, which is actually a carrier and holds the entire structure on itself. In all other respects, the technologies are the same.

I must say that technologically and practically easy wet method of insulation is considered really easy and in demand. The following happens:

• The heat-insulating plate is glued with special adhesives directly to the wall. Ceresit has proven itself best on the domestic market, this, of course, does not beg the merits of products from other manufacturers, but ease of use and high adhesion with mineral surfaces made these products leaders in this product niche;
• If necessary (and often just for a guarantee), the plates are fixed with plastic mushrooms or umbrellas;
• Further, the surface is covered with a fiberglass mesh, which is the basis, a reinforcing layer;
• After reinforcement, plaster is applied to the entire surface, which, at the request of the customer, can be given any color or combination of colors. In this case, the total thickness of all layers except for the insulation will be 5-6 mm.

Note! We do not limit your choice with this material, we simply draw your attention to the fact that each manufacturer produces its products with the expectation of a certain type of insulation, often produced by the same company. You can read more detailed information on a specific material and its application on the packaging or ask the sellers.

About positive and negative points

The wet method certainly has a number of advantages that require scoring in this material, namely:

• The main achievement of this method is the leveling of the issue of cold bridges, the issue is removed and forgotten;
• The method does not erect bulky structures and does not require foundations and expensive materials;
• It is possible to transform any building, giving it almost any shape.

And let's not forget about a fly in the ointment:

• Vapor permeability leaves much to be desired. This suggests that the humidity in the premises may increase due to the fact that the walls no longer let steam out. In this case, the situation is somewhat better when using mineral wool;
• The second negative point is that if the building shrinks, then the integrity of the entire structure will be violated, which will certainly be noticeable at the joints;
• Vapor permeability has the other side of the coin. If the coating has vapor permeability, then moisture will accumulate in the outer plaster and the inner adhesive layer, which freezes under the influence of low temperatures and can damage the respective layers. To prevent the destruction of the entire monolith, plastic fastening structures are used.

A few words about technology

The technology is presented schematically

For this technology, there is no difference between insulated objects. Thus, it is possible to insulate both the corner apartment and the inner one, and separately carry out the insulation of the loggia.

• The surface on which the work is carried out must be dry, clean and level;
• There is also a temperature criterion for such work, the temperature of the wall must be at least 5 degrees Celsius with a plus sign;
• Savings and the use of cheap materials are not recommended, since replacing the insulation part is not an easy and rather costly process. Moreover, a skewed facade will not cause positive emotions in anyone.

Ventilated facades

The walls of houses built of bricks, various wall blocks, and even more so - representing a reinforced concrete structure, in most cases do not meet the requirements for regulatory thermal insulation. In a word, such houses need additional insulation to prevent significant heat loss through the building envelope.

There are many different approaches to . But if the owners prefer the exterior finish of their house, made of decorative plaster, in a “pure” form or with the use of facade paints, then the wet facade insulation technology becomes the best choice. In this publication, it will be considered how difficult such work is, what is required to carry it out, and how all this can be done on our own.

First of all, it is necessary to understand the terminology - what is the “wet facade” technology, and how does it differ from, say, ordinary wall cladding with insulating materials with further decorative wall paneling (siding, block house, etc.)

The clue lies in the name itself - all stages of work are carried out using building compounds and solutions that are diluted with water. The final stage is the plastering of already insulated walls, so that the thermally insulated walls become completely indistinguishable from ordinary ones covered with decorative plaster. As a result, two most important tasks are solved at once - ensuring reliable insulation of wall structures and high-quality facade design.

An approximate scheme of insulation using the "wet facade" technology is shown in the figure:

Schematic diagram of insulation using the "wet facade" technology

1 - insulated facade wall of the building.

2 - a layer of building adhesive mixture.

3 - insulation boards of synthetic (of one type or another) or mineral (basalt wool) origin.

4 - additional mechanical fastening of the thermal insulation layer - dowel-"fungus".

5 - protective and leveling plaster layer, reinforced with mesh (pos. 6).

Such a system of complete thermal insulation and facade finishing has a number of significant advantages:

• It does not require a very material-intensive installation of a frame structure.
• The system is quite easy. And it can be successfully used on most facade walls.
• The frameless system predetermines the almost complete absence of "cold bridges" - the insulation layer turns out to be monolithic over the entire surface of the facade.
• Facade walls receive, in addition to insulation, an excellent soundproof barrier, which helps to reduce both airborne and impact noise.
• With the correct calculation of the insulation layer, the “dew point” is completely removed from the wall structure and taken out. It excludes the possibility of wetting the wall and the appearance of colonies of mold or fungus in it.
• The outer plaster layer is characterized by good resistance to mechanical stress, to atmospheric action.
• In principle, the technology is simple, and with strict adherence to the rules, any homeowner can handle it.

• With high-quality performance of work, such an insulated facade will not require repairs for at least 20 years. However, if there is a desire to update the finish, then this can be easily done without violating the integrity of the thermal insulation structure.

The disadvantages of this method of insulation include:

• Seasonality of work - they can only be carried out at positive (at least + 5 ° C) temperatures, and in stable good weather. It is undesirable to carry out work in windy weather, at too high (over + 30 ° C) air temperatures, on the sunny side without providing protection from direct rays.
• Increased demands on the high quality of materials, and on the exact observance of technological recommendations. Violation of the rules makes the system very vulnerable to cracking or even detachment of large fragments of insulation and trim.

As a heater, as already mentioned, mineral wool or expanded polystyrene can be used. Both materials have their advantages and disadvantages, but still, for a “wet facade”, high-quality mineral wool looks preferable. With approximately equal values ​​​​of thermal conductivity, mineral wool has a significant advantage - vapor permeability. Excess free moisture will find its way out of the premises through the wall structure and evaporate into the atmosphere. It is more difficult with expanded polystyrene - its vapor permeability is low, and in some types it generally tends to zero. Thus, the accumulation of moisture between the wall material and the insulation layer is not excluded. This is not good in itself, but at abnormally low winter temperatures, cracking and even “shooting off” of large areas of insulation along with finishing layers occur.

There are special topics for expanded polystyrene - with a perforated structure, in which this issue is resolved to a certain extent. But basalt wool has another important advantage - absolute incombustibility, which polystyrene foam cannot boast of in any way. And for facade walls, this is a serious issue. And in this article, the best option will be considered - the “wet facade” insulation technology using mineral wool.

How to choose a heater?

Which mineral wool is suitable for a "wet facade"?

As is already clear from the “wet facade” concept diagram, the insulation must, on one side, be mounted on an adhesive solution, and on the other, it must withstand a considerable load of the plaster layer. Thus, thermal insulation boards must meet certain requirements in terms of density, in terms of the ability to withstand loads - both for crushing (compression) and for breaking their fiber structure (stratification).

Naturally, not any insulation that belongs to the category of mineral wool is suitable for these purposes. Glass wool and slag wool are completely excluded. Only slabs of basalt fibers produced using a special technology are applicable - with increased rigidity and density of the material.

Leading manufacturers of insulation based on basalt fibers in their product line provide for the production of boards specially designed for thermal insulation of walls with subsequent finishing with plaster, that is, for a “wet facade”. The characteristics of several of the most popular types are shown in the table below:

Experimenting with lighter and cheaper types of basalt wool is not worth it, since such a “wet facade” will probably not last long.

How to determine the required thickness of insulation?

As can be seen from the table, manufacturers offer a wide range of insulation thicknesses for the "wet facade", from 25 to 200 mm, usually in 10 mm increments.

What thickness to choose? This is by no means an idle question, since the “wet facade” system being created should provide high-quality thermal insulation of the walls. At the same time, excessive thickness is an extra cost, and in addition, excessive insulation can even be harmful in terms of maintaining an optimal temperature and humidity balance.

Usually, specialists calculate the optimal thickness of insulation. But it is quite possible to do this yourself, using the calculation algorithm presented below.

So, the insulated wall must have a total resistance to heat transfer not lower than the standard value determined for the given region. This parameter is tabular, it is in the directories, it is known in local construction companies, and in addition, for convenience, you can use the diagram below.

A wall is a multilayer structure, each layer of which has its own thermophysical characteristics. If the thickness and material of each layer, already existing or planned (the wall itself, interior and exterior finishes, etc.), is known, then it is easy to calculate their total resistance, compare it with the standard value in order to get the difference that needs to be “covered” by additional thermal insulation.

It will not bore the reader with formulas, but we will immediately suggest using a calculation calculator that will quickly and with a minimum error calculate the required thickness of insulation with basalt wool intended for facade work.

Calculator for calculating the thickness of the insulation of the "wet facade" system

The calculation is carried out in the following sequence:

• Determine the normalized value of heat transfer resistance for walls from the map-scheme for your region (purple numbers).
• Specify the material of the wall itself and its thickness.
• Decide on the thickness and material of the interior walls.

The thickness of the external plaster finish of the walls is already taken into account in the calculator, and it will not be required to make it.

• Enter the requested values ​​and get the result. It can be rounded up to the standard thickness of manufactured insulation boards.

If a negative value is suddenly obtained, wall insulation is not required.

External facade insulation systems are special structures that protect walls from the cold. Currently, there are several approaches to solving this problem, so a wide choice often leaves users with a difficult choice.

There are many different systems for facade insulation on the market, each of which requires compliance with a number of norms and rules - from the choice of materials to installation.

Advantages of external thermal insulation systems

External insulation is considered the most popular - it has repeatedly proven its effectiveness. Internal thermal insulation, of course, also plays an important role in construction, but its advantages are incomparable with external ones. An external thermal insulation system has many advantages.

Reduced environmental impact

External insulation protects the walls from overheating and hypothermia in any season of the year. As a result, the durability of the building increases, cracks do not appear on the facade, plaster does not peel off, the seams do not depressurize.

The influence of moisture is excluded: in the presence of external thermal insulation, the destructive effect of snow and rain is significantly reduced. There are also no ice formations in the thickness of the wall surfaces due to capillary moisture and its condensate.

Condensation protection

In the cold season, situations are not uncommon when the temperature of the facade walls drops below the “dew point”. As a result, condensation forms on the internal surfaces. The external facade insulation system prevents its appearance.

Smoothing or eliminating cold bridges

External facade insulation technology involves the accumulation of heat by the walls. As a result, the temperature of the coolant in the heating system decreases and the orientation of the building ceases to play a role - the temperature dependence disappears. "Bridges of cold" either smooth out or disappear.

Due to heat insulators, the wall structures of the building look even, and various defects inherent in stone and concrete are hidden by insulation.

High noise absorption

Most insulation materials are considered good sound insulators. Their use reduces the noise coming from the street and creates a comfortable environment in the premises.

Durability

Although heat-insulating materials are constantly exposed to the environment, the technology of their production has long made it possible to create products that serve for decades without losing their initial performance properties. 30-50 years is the average service life for any high-quality insulation.

Classifications

Various facade insulation technologies have been developed to protect the heat-insulating layer from destructive and all-penetrating atmospheric influences. To date, there are several options for the system of external insulation of facades: wet and ventilated, siding, thermal panels, etc. Each technology has its own characteristic features.

Thermal insulation board

It is from the front plate that the efficiency of insulation work and the durability of the system largely depend. Facade insulation systems are made in two ways - contact and hinged. Contact methods - wet insulation, hinged methods - insulation of a ventilated facade.

If we consider the issue from the standpoint of cost, then the most economical and at the same time effective facade insulation technology can be defined as thermal insulation systems with “wet” protection of each subsequent layer of insulation.

contact method

Contact insulation is based on the use of special plates made from different raw materials. It includes mineral wool, foam plastic, cellular glass. For finishing use thin-layer decorative plaster.

Plaster finish simultaneously performs a protective and decorative function. Given the quite acceptable cost of insulation, the facade becomes both beautiful and warm enough. The thermal insulation system of the facade is applicable for residential buildings, both existing and new buildings.

Such a facade makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the walls, and increase them in terms of energy savings and noise insulation. The fire safety of the “wet facade” under consideration is also noted.

In addition, the "wet method" does not actually increase the load on the structure of the structure. When using this technology, there is an undeniable possibility of continuous thermal insulation, even despite the impressive area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe facade.

Types of contact systems

The contact system of facade insulation can be of two types - light and heavy wet method. In the latter case, the functions of the supporting structure are performed by a metal mesh, which is connected to the wall and insulation with fasteners (stretch marks and spacers).

The light wet method consists in mounting a heat-insulating layer consisting of facade boards with glue to the outer part of the wall. After fastening, the insulation material is again covered with glue, on top of which a reinforced glass fiber mesh is placed. If necessary, the plates are attached to the wall not only with glue, but also with dowels.

The bearing function lies on the heat-insulating facade plate. A reinforcing layer is distributed over the fiberglass mesh. As a rule, the total thickness of all layers is no more than 9 mm.

Benefits of the easy "wet" method

The advantage of facade insulation systems made using the light wet method lies in the location of the so-called "dew point" outside the wall. Thanks to this, the problem of "cold bridges" that can reduce thermal insulation disappears.

Another plus is that the living area is not reduced, because all the necessary work is done outside. Heaters are also versatile materials in terms of finishing. Based on them, you can implement an aesthetically attractive architectural project of almost any complexity - for example, decorate walls with marble chips or tiles.

disadvantages

There are some drawbacks to this approach:

• the foam has very low vapor permeability characteristics - sometimes this causes discomfort due to high humidity;
• the problem of the integrity of the exterior finish of the facade during shrinkage processes is not solved, if the plaster layer functions on the cut;
• even with very low vapor permeability, the outer layer of the finish, as well as the adhesive, is impregnated with moisture.

Installing a contact system has its own characteristics. One of them is the careful preparation of the foundation.

If the structure is installed using the light wet method, the minimum ambient temperature must be at least 5°C. The low maintainability of local sections makes the replacement a time-consuming undertaking.

Mounted systems

Hinged facade insulation systems are considered more modern and they have many advantages over the contact method:

• their use provides an opportunity to reduce energy costs for heating by more than 1.5 times;
• it is not required to prepare the base before installation;
• can be mounted at any time of the year;
• service life is about 30 years.

Insulation boards in this case are mechanically attached to the surface - dowels or load-bearing elements are used. At a distance of 2-5 cm from the outer part of the heat insulator, elements of the exterior decoration are placed, which perform two functions at once: the first is decorative, the second is protective.

The surface layer of the system is made of various materials - from stone and metal to ceramics and wood. You can finish the facade with glass, which has become very popular in the decoration of office buildings. In this case, the insulation board is covered with a white or black glass fiber canvas. The important advantages of ventilated facades include the removal of moisture accumulated in the premises without forced ventilation.

For the manufacture of hinged facades, sandwich panels are often used - structures consisting of a heat-insulating core and 2 steel sheets. They are suitable for finishing both new and reconstructed buildings. Products from different manufacturers differ in color, size and other features. However, high-quality sandwich panels are united by high reliability, durability and wide functionality.

Advantages of complex systems for facades

When using facade insulation systems, the color scheme of the facade can be changed at any time. Accounting for the thermal insulation system of the facade at the design stage of the building saves on expensive building materials for the walls. The difference in the price of a medium-sized building with and without insulation is on average about 150 thousand rubles, but if you take into account the savings in heat, such a finish will pay off by reducing the payment for heating in 5-7 years.

If the structure is built of foam concrete, on the basis of the insulation system it is possible to use a block whose thickness is 10-15 cm thinner. When erecting a brick building, the fence structures are mounted in one brick and are 64 cm.

Regulations

Everything that happens in the atmosphere, including the phenomena of natural cycles, and the consequences of technogenic human activity, cause increasingly sharp temperature drops, which strongly affects the surfaces of structures and buildings. Without additional protection, facades gradually become unusable under the aggressive influence of the environment.

As a result of such an impact, the building cannot effectively save heat during the cold season. Today in construction it is believed that no matter what material the walls were built from, it is necessary to carry out auxiliary insulation with a material at least 50 mm thick.

According to Russian standards, for a brick-silicate wall built in 1.5 bricks, it is necessary to use a heater with a thickness of 100-120 mm. Such a house will fully comply with current energy efficiency requirements. Naturally, the market value of such a house with subsequent insulation using facade insulation technology increases by almost 2 times, however, an insulated facade will subsequently bring serious savings on repairs and heating.

Insulation selection criteria

When choosing a facade insulation, it is necessary to take into account the type of wall material, thickness, architectural features and dimensions. Climate and weather conditions are also taken into account. The thickness of the insulation layer is determined by the building density of the area - a building that stands alone requires a larger layer of insulation than a house located in the central part of a densely populated village.

The thermal insulation layer in facade systems is made from extruded or ordinary expanded polystyrene, as well as from laminated or ordinary mineral wool. Both types of material are supplied in slabs. Mineral wool is made from glass, soda, limestone and sand. Its structure is represented by vitreous thin fibers. Positively characterized by high steam permeability.

Expanded polystyrene is a polymer with the following positive qualities: it does not enter into chemical reactions with other substances, it is resistant to moisture and is not subject to decay and fungus. It is recommended for use in the insulation of basement slabs. According to the statistics of the last 3 years, consumers prefer systems made of expanded polystyrene as the cheapest material.

Mounting

You can install a facade insulation system with your own hands, however, specialists with experience will cope with this task faster. Insulation work involves several stages, after each of which it is necessary to check the absolute evenness of the surface, cleanliness and smoothness.

It is very important that there are no depressions and cracks on the surface of the walls - otherwise the finishing layer of the finish will not be continuous, and the thermal insulation will become ineffective.

Differences in materials

The weather requirements are the same for both mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. The technology in both cases is virtually identical, and only the method of fastening differs. Glue on polystyrene foam boards is applied over the entire surface, around the perimeter or in "cakes".

In the case when the polymer insulation is fixed on plastered walls, in addition to glue, dowels are used, at the rate of at least 4 per 1 m2. For mineral wool boards, mechanical fastening is mandatory. Dowels with a galvanized steel tip are used.

The next point that requires special attention is the hydrophobicity of mineral wool. On this basis, before applying the adhesive solution to the surface of the slab, it is preliminarily puttied with an identical solution. Next, a layer of reinforcement must be applied to the thermal insulation slabs, after setting it is primed with a plaster mass.

The stucco lining of the wall protects the building for 6 months if the work was suddenly suspended. Summarizes the procedure for applying the plaster itself. During direct application and drying of the plaster, temperature indicators should vary in the range from + 5С to + 25С.

The wet façade system is a method of façade insulation using “wet” compositions.

According to the state policy on energy saving for modern construction, new requirements are applied, which are clearly described in the relevant regulations.

Thus, the Federal Law clearly specifies new requirements for the design, erection of buildings and for the reconstruction of existing structures.

Today, having analyzed domestic developments and the experience of foreign colleagues in design development, Russian specialists have proposed several options for insulating buildings. In particular, the modern system of facade insulation, its technique and stages of implementation were clearly specified.

The modern system of insulation of buildings and structures, along with the heating and air conditioning system, is designed to maintain the most comfortable conditions for a person without stress from his body's thermoregulation reaction.

Advantages of external insulation of the “wet facade” type

Ceresite facade insulation system is an external insulation system.

The problem of the location of the “dew point” prompted reflections on changing the traditional system of building facade insulation. In the traditional construction and insulation of houses (brickwork, reinforced concrete, wood), it is located in the thickness of the wall, so household steam, passing through the walls and falling into zero temperature, forms condensate, which adversely affects the technical characteristics of the material. With internal thermal insulation of the surface, the “dew point” is removed into the thickness of the insulation layer itself and condensate forms there. This also leads to problems and negative consequences.

The system of external insulation of building facades completely solves this problem. The "dew point" in this case is displayed on the surface of the thermal insulation, where the condensate is removed by air currents, which will not affect either the technical characteristics of the material itself or the level of comfort in the room.

Recently, the “wet facade” type insulation system has been gaining more and more interest. In addition to the above advantages, this technique has the following number of qualities:

1. the external insulation system allows the structure of the house to participate in the accumulation of heat, thereby ensuring long-term maintenance of the temperature in the room at a comfortable level;
2. thanks to the features of the “wet facade” type system, the walls of the building acquire a durable and aesthetic appearance, are endowed with hydrophobic properties, are reliably protected from the effects of negative environmental factors, and last much longer;
3. using this system, the problem of sealing seams, the formation of "efflorescence" is completely solved;
4. as a result of the use of thin, light, but at the same time effective materials in the “wet facade” technique, the thickness of the walls and the level of load on the foundation are reduced;
5. this is a relatively inexpensive, but high-quality method of facade insulation.

Wet facade insulation technique

The LAES facade insulation system is designed for insulation and decorative facades.

The definition of "wet" for this type of thermal insulation was introduced, since various aqueous solutions and compositions are used here: plaster coatings, primers, paints. This method is a well-developed system of materials and substances, a technique for gluing an insulating layer, its fastening and reinforcement, applying ground layers and plaster finishes, a set of technological requirements for installation. As a result, a strong and durable coating with excellent technical characteristics is obtained.

Today, the following systems are presented on the Russian market: ceresit, senergy, laes. Their construction principle is identical, the difference is only in the building materials used (adhesive mixtures, primers). Senergy and LNPP are entirely Russian developments, so it will be interesting to compare domestic and foreign products.

Important! Ceresit (made in Germany). This facade insulation technology is presented in two versions - ceresit WM (mineral insulation) and VWM (expanded polystyrene). A similar thermal insulator is also used in the LNPP technology, the name LNPP-P and LNPP-M.

Stages of work:

1. preparation of the surface of the outer part of the building. This includes the detection of damage to the basement floors, violations of the integrity of the walls. They are completely removed. If plaster coatings have defects, they are dismantled. Visually inspect the building for the presence of moss, overgrowth, fungi. Such surfaces are cleaned to a clean base;
2. preparation of the surface for applying thermal insulation of the "wet facade" type. Plaster coatings are removed along the slopes of various openings, protruding seams on the surface are processed with a perforator. In conclusion, the entire surface is primed with either Ceresit CT 17 or Leningrad NPP "Universal Strengthening Primer". This will prevent subsequent layers of adhesive mass from being absorbed into the thickness of the wall and significantly increase the technical characteristics of the wall itself, prevent the development of fungi and microorganisms;
3. in the case of the presence of volumetric defects on the walls, they are sealed with special putty masses. This is Ceresit CT 29 or LNPP "Shpaklevka". After complete drying, proceed to the installation of the insulation layer;
4. first, metal profiles are fixed along the entire perimeter of the building, parallel to its base, 30-40 cm below the floor or ceiling of the basement. The width of the profile shelf should be commensurate with the thickness of the insulation layer. Prepare the adhesive mass in strict accordance with the instructions. It can be Ceresit CT 85 for polystyrene foam boards, Ceresit CT 190 for mineral wool or adhesive reinforcing mixture LAES Extra (universal). Any of them is used within 1.5 hours;
5. gluing plates. provides for gluing thermal insulation directly to the wall surface. Glue in this case is applied to the expanded polystyrene plate at a distance of 20 mm from the edge and one strip in the middle. Laying is done from the bottom up. The plates are tightly stacked to each other. By lightly pressing on the material, the adhesive is evenly distributed over its surface;
6. after the adhesive mass has dried, the protruding edges should be grouted;
7. installation of a reinforcing mesh, which will give the entire structure the necessary strength. It must be made of inert materials that will retain their integrity in the alkaline environment of the adhesive and primer. The reinforcing mesh is applied to the adhesive. In this case, the same substances are used as when gluing the insulation;
8. a plaster layer is applied to the reinforcing surface. The variety of finishes of each of the developers of the "wet type" facade insulation will allow you to choose the material not only of the desired shade, but also of texture.