Wedge-shaped thermal insulation "technonikol. Roofing with insulation Wedge-shaped roof technonikol

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation TechnoNIKOL

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation Extruded polystyrene foam TechnoNIKOL-Klin solves the problem of the formation of stagnant zones, creating an optimal slope on the roof. The problem of the formation of stagnant zones on the roof leads to a number of negative consequences for roof structures. One of them is the appearance of a vegetative layer on the roof: seeds dispersed through the air settle under favorable conditions and germinate. This leads to damage by plant roots to the main waterproofing coating and, consequently, to premature failure of the entire roof structure. The second problem is associated with repeated and periodic processes of freezing and thawing of atmospheric precipitation in stagnant zones, which also leads to a reduction in the service life of the roofing.

Traditionally, cheap filling heaters (expanded clay, perlite) or lightweight concrete mixes (expanded polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete, perlite concrete) were used to create slopes and counter slopes. Both solutions are associated with additional difficulties: the use of bulk insulation is associated with the problem of their displacement, and, consequently, a violation of the design slopes. In addition, sufficiently large granules of filling insulation (20 mm) do not allow a smooth increase in slope. The use of lightweight concrete mixtures leads to additional loads on the base, an increase in deflections of the supporting structure, and an increase in the cost of the entire roofing system. In roofs with a concrete load-bearing base, the installation of slopes by traditional methods involves the use of wet processes (expanded clay pouring with cement laitance, slope installation of lightweight concrete). All this makes it difficult to carry out work on the reconstruction and installation of the roof at low temperatures.

To solve the problem of creating slopes, it is necessary to use an inexpensive rigid slab with a slope. As our practice shows, the optimal slope on the roof is 2%, the counterslope is 4%. Analyzing the needs of the roofing solutions market and many years of experience in their application, TechnoNIKOL Corporation offers a revolutionary solution - ready-made slopes Extruded polystyrene foam TechnoNIKOL-Klin, which represent a set of slabs with a slope of 2% (slabs A and B) and 4% (slabs J and K).

Application of plates TechnoNIKOL-Klin

Using TechnoNIKOL systems for creating slopes or counterslopes TechnoNIKOL-Clean, you get additional benefits:

1. Reduction of loads on the base due to the use of plates made of TechnoNIKOL extruded polystyrene foam of low density (25-35 kg / m 3);

Extruded polystyrene foam TechnoNIKOL-Klin

The use of a wedge-shaped thermal insulation ramp has an undeniable advantage - it speeds up and simplifies the installation of the roof, even in winter. The use of prefabricated flat slate screed and wedge-shaped thermal insulation excludes “wet” processes from the production cycle, as well as the time spent on drying and curing the screeds. Insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam has a closed-porous structure and is not afraid of moisture during roof assembly, which simplifies its storage on the roof and application, which is especially important in the conditions of Russian construction sites.

XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN

Extruded polystyrene foam XPS TechnoNIKOL Klin

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene TechnoNIKOL- this is the only set of wedge-shaped slabs in Russia that allows you to create slopes and slopes on the roof on a flat base, to increase slopes during roof reconstruction.

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN solves the problem of the formation of stagnant zones, creating an optimal slope on the roof. The problem of the formation of stagnant zones on the roof leads to a number of negative consequences for roof structures. One of them is the appearance of a vegetative layer on the roof: seeds dispersed through the air settle under favorable conditions and germinate. This leads to damage by plant roots to the main waterproofing coating and, consequently, to premature failure of the entire roof structure. The second problem is associated with repeated and periodic processes of freezing and thawing of atmospheric precipitation in stagnant zones, which also leads to a reduction in the service life of the roofing.

To solve the problem of creating slopes, it is necessary to use an inexpensive rigid board made of extruded polystyrene foam with a slope. As our practice shows, the optimal slope on the roof is 1.7%, the counterslope is 3.4%. Analyzing the needs of the roofing solutions market and many years of experience in their application, TechnoNICOL Corporation offers a revolutionary solution - ready-made slopes XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN, which are a set of slabs with a slope of 1.7% (slabs A and B) and 3.4% (slabs J and K).

Application of plates XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN allows you to solve the problems of stagnant zones associated with the installation of a slope on the roof, an increase in the slope or a change in the direction of water flow, a slope in the valley to water intake funnels, the creation of slopes (grooves) at ventilation shafts and skylights, the creation of an additional slope to divert water from the parapet ( counterslope).

Using TechnoNICOL systems for creating slopes or counterslopes XPS TECHNONICOL-KLEAN, you get additional benefits:

1. Reducing the load on the base due to the use of boards made of TECHNONICOL extruded polystyrene foam of low density (25-35 kg/m 3);

2. Absence of "wet" processes in the course of production of work on the device of slopes and counterslopes;

3. A significant reduction in labor costs for the implementation of slopes;

4. Reducing the time of work.

Installation of a slope-forming layer of wedge-shaped thermal insulation XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN cannot completely replace the main heat-insulating layer required by thermal engineering calculation, due to the inconsistency of the layer thickness, despite the fact that it is made from a highly efficient heat-insulating material.

TechnoNIKOL XPS Wedge expanded polystyrene, prices - buy TechnoNIKOL XPS Wedge expanded polystyrene wholesale and retail in Moscow

XPS TECHNONICOL-CLEAN Extruded polystyrene foam XPS TechnoNIKOL Wedge Wedge-shaped thermal insulation made of expanded polystyrene TechnoNIKOL is the only one in Russia

How to properly flatten a flat roof: an analysis of the nuances

Stagnant puddles with rain or melt water are a merciless enemy of flat roofs. With stubborn persistence, they destroy the coating and the components of the roofing cake. In order for atmospheric negativity not to create threats, it is necessary to foresee and carry out protective measures. The most effective and affordable way is to form slopes that contribute to the rapid outflow of water. In the name of the long service life of the roof and the building structure located under it, you need to know how the flat roof is flattened. In order to create the most effective protection, you should familiarize yourself with the options used for its design.

Why are slopes needed?

The slope of the plane is necessary so that, under the action of standard gravitational forces, water is transported by gravity to the catchment points. It is required that the surface be freed from rain and melt water at the highest possible rate, threatening the internal and external components of the roof structure all year round.

The list of risk factors associated with stagnant water includes:

Damage and rupture of the coating. A phenomenon characteristic of periods of fluctuations in plus and minus temperatures, for sharp frosts. Water in the process of crystallization significantly increases in volume, which leads to delamination of the mineral protective dressing on bituminous roofs. Due to the violation of the protective layer, the material becomes vulnerable to UV radiation. On membrane and bulk roofs, due to the alternation of freezing with thawing of water, a grid of small cracks appears.
Overstressing the waterproofing mat. The temperature difference outside the building, inside the roofing pie and inside the building creates excessive stress on the coating. Around stagnant puddles, the stress state intensifies, resulting in gaps and cracks.
Deflection of a thin bearing base. A typical example is corrugated sheet roofing, on which the accumulation of precipitation can cause deformation and subsequent rupture of the coating.
Moisturizing insulation. Microscopic cracks unnoticed by the naked eye will let water into the body of the roofing system, which may not happen if the water is drained at a brisk pace. An equivalent trouble on roofs with poor-quality seams. Wet insulation loses half of its insulating properties and gains weight. Weighting is very undesirable for roofing systems arranged on corrugated board.
The origin of vegetation. Dust accumulated on a flat roof, coupled with stagnant water, is a wonderful environment for rooting and further prosperity of wind-blown plant seeds. Not all roof coverings are capable of steadfastly resisting life-loving roots invading them.

Flat roofs built from heavy-duty, but terribly expensive materials, are not afraid of horror stories from the specified list. Someday, when the hearts of their manufacturers tremble with sympathy for the average consumer and the price tag becomes more humane, the need for the construction of means to drain water from a flat surface will probably disappear.

However, for the time being, the method of preventing damage and premature aging is the installation of slopes, thanks to which the currents of melt and rain water independently move to the water intake gutters and funnels or simply roll off the roof onto the ground.

Flat roof slope options

Spontaneously, without mechanical stimulation, water will not drain from a flat surface. In order not to wait for it to evaporate or destroy the roof, it needs to create conditions for movement - i.e. incline. Guidelines for the installation of systems with bitumen and polymer coating recognize the ideal angle for a flat roof as 1.5º, 1º-2º are considered acceptable, which in percentage terms means from 1.7% to 3.4%, respectively.

It is possible to tilt the roof plane of a small domestic facility during the construction period. To do this, according to pre-made calculations, the difference in the height of the walls is set, on which the two responsible sides of the slope will have to rely. This is a separate topic, acceptable for buildings with an external drain of an organized and unorganized type.

Now we are much more interested in the formation of a slope equal at all points to the roof plane, erected on load-bearing walls of equal height. Such tasks often have to be solved by the owners of suburban property and often implemented with their own hands.

The slope of a flat roof forms a barely noticeable relief with valleys and watersheds resembling ridge ridges of pitched roofs. The essence of its formation is to regulate the flow of water.

The lowering of the relief is always directed from the elevated parts of the roof, including chimneys, skylights, roof aerators, etc., towards water inlets, which include drain funnels with gutters. If two or more drain funnels are installed to drain water from a flat roof, then there must be a watershed between them, cutting the flow into parts flowing in different directions.

Stagnation along the parapets of flat roofs is eliminated by installing a fillet. The design of a simple part is akin to a floor plinth, only without bulges. A bar with a triangular section is installed along the junction line of the walls of the parapet or a standard wall with a flat roof, which can be made by longitudinally splitting the bar into two halves.

Instead of a split bar, a similar device made of basalt wool or expanded polystyrene is used. Fillet can be arranged directly on the object from a concrete solution.

The following proven methods are used for flat roof slopers:

The use of backfill thermal insulation: most often expanded clay or perlite, less often vermiculite. To create a ramp with a filling insulation, the roof area is divided into segments. Guides are installed at the required angle, between which the material is poured. On top of the backfill, a concrete mix screed with the M150 marking is arranged. Concrete pouring without fail should be reinforced with a road mesh. The final layer of concrete can be replaced by a dry screed made of plywood or flat slate sheets. The uniquely time-consuming method is not accurate due to the inherent displacement of loose particles. In addition, it is difficult to form a slope rise in this way.
Pouring lightweight concrete- mixtures with the inclusion of expanded clay, polystyrene chips, perlite and similar aggregates. It is carried out according to the traditional scheme of the screed device, only the guides are installed at the required angle. The disadvantage of the method is in weather restrictions, tk. the screed can not be poured at minus thermometer readings. The concrete ramp will dry for at least 28 days, during which the screed will need to be moistened and protected from rain and wind.
Installation of metal structures. They are made of profile PP nomenclature 75×50×05 or similar material according to the dimensions of the increase and decrease. Distances between structures are calculated depending on the upcoming load. Sheets of flat slate are laid on top of the formed relief. The disadvantages of the method lie in significant material costs and labor investments.
Lathing construction. It is used extremely rarely, because. the application is unprofitable, besides, it is too difficult to implement such minor deviations, but among other methods it is still mentioned.
Application of wedge-shaped thermal insulation boards produced from basalt wool, foam glass, expanded polystyrene, polystyrene specifically for slopes on flat roofs and for creating an outflow of water from parapets.

Wedge plate tilting leads the way with numerous impressive benefits. They were developed and introduced into the construction industry purposefully in order to eliminate the shortcomings of all the previously listed methods.

Learn more about thermal insulation

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation boards are not without reason recognized as the best way to solve the problems of drainage from a flat roof. This is the most convenient, cheap and simple scheme that does not require in-depth skills and fundamental knowledge in roofing from the performer.

Wedge-shaped plates are cut at the factory, which guarantees the accuracy of the result of the upcoming work. The set of material must be accompanied by practical installation instructions.

Advantages of using wedge-shaped plates

Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool boards for the formation of slopes have an equivalent set of advantages, these are:

Insignificant weight, due to which the slope made of insulation creates the least load on the supporting building structures.
Transportation to the place of laying without the use of lifting construction equipment.
Independence of technology from weather conditions. Possibility to carry out successful laying, despite unfavorable forecasts for builders.
Perceptible relief and acceleration of actions for the formation of inclined planes. There is no need to postpone finishing work due to the need to withstand technological breaks. For example, wait 28 days for the cement-sand screed to gain the required hardness parameters.
A significant reduction in the cost of building slopes, necessary and sufficient for the unhindered flow of rain and melt water.

Important: despite the thermal insulation qualities traditional for materials, wedge-shaped plates cannot replace the insulation layer. Elements of different thickness do not have equivalent thermal properties at all points. Therefore, a layer of real insulation is constructed and calculated separately. Its thickness has nothing to do with the forthcoming hoisting of wedge-shaped slabs.

SNiP II-26-76 prescribes to install the slope of the finishing coating of a flat roof after laying the insulation, if thermal insulation was provided for by the project. If there was no need to insulate the roof plane, the wedge-shaped slabs are laid on a base covered with steam or hydroprotection.

Wedge-shaped thermal insulation is used in the construction of new roofs and in the performance of repair and restoration work. With the help of lightweight, convenient module slabs, you can create literally any relief in order to direct the flows in a given direction.

How to make a slope with plates?

Wedge-shaped slabs are supplied in kits that allow you to gracefully and quickly form slopes and counter-slopes on a flat roof. The sequence of laying the rake elements does not depend on what type of insulation they are made of. However, the composition of the slabs has an impact on the structure of inclined planes.

For example, a layer of geotextile must be laid between the finishing polymer membrane and polystyrene foam or foam boards. Without a separating layer, the roof carelessly says goodbye to plasticizers and will definitely become unusable. But on the basalt wool, the finish coating can be laid without fear, without using a separating layer, due to which costs will be significantly reduced.

The polymer membrane is strictly prohibited from direct contact with bitumen and bitumen-polymer waterproofing. They can coexist only if the same separating layer is laid between them.

A geotextile underlay is also required when laying slabs immediately on a rough concrete pavement, i.e. if they are used exclusively to form a slope on an uninsulated roof.

Marking of ramp elements

Within a single manufacturer, wedge-shaped plates are produced according to the general principle, regardless of the composition of the product. The elements are marked to facilitate the laying procedure, they have identical dimensions.

The Russian manufacturer of building systems TechnoNikol, for example, offers wedge-shaped ramping kits made of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. In both cases:

Plates marked with letters A and B are intended for assembling slopes with a size of 1.7%.
If the material is marked with the letters J and K, then it is used in the construction of slopes of 3.4% and 4.2%.
Flat insulation boards with the letter C are used for climbing. Elements marked C can be laid both under and on top of the ramp.

More details on the diagrams:

The material manufacturer's instructions usually include a laying plan that clearly shows the sequence of the wedge-shaped slabs. The construction of one plane directed to the gutter, or two adjacent planes directed to the catchment funnel, will not be a serious problem for the home master. Laying should start from the lowest point of the roof and continue up to the created watershed.

It is somewhat different if a complex relief is being constructed with several valleys and watershed ridges. You will have to draw a plan and think over the course of action in advance. In plan, a complex relief usually looks like a combination of rhombuses and triangles. Laying in such cases starts from the edge of a rhombus or triangle, and finishes the process in the center of conditional figures.

The required height is achieved by means of a set of plates with the required thickness. When constructing a rhombus, it is as if divided into quarters, and a triangle into halves. Each segment is assembled separately, after which, in fact, trimming is performed.

Mounting rules

The installation of wedge-shaped slabs on the base without preliminary thermal insulation is carried out by methods usually used in the installation of a soft roof made of PVC membrane or bituminous coating. The priority is the mechanical method of fastening to the base, according to which the telescopic plates are fastened with self-tapping screws with a telescopic nozzle.

Fixation of wedge-shaped parts made of mineral wool is carried out simultaneously with the main layer of insulation. It is recommended to install two fixing units on a 600×1200mm slab. If both linear dimensions of the plate are more than a meter, 4 fixing points will be required.

The wedge-shaped ramp must be positioned so that its joints do not coincide with the joints of the underlying thermal insulation, i.e. the principle of seam spacing is observed both in relation to the multilayer insulation system, and in relation to the insulation layer with slope-forming material. If the elements of the heat-insulating ramp are laid on the base without insulation, they are glued or simply loaded.

Note that polystyrene boards cannot be glued with bituminous glue containing a large amount of organic solvents. The material is "not friendly" with organic solvents and gasoline. Therefore, their neighborhood should be excluded.

For the duration of the installation operations, it is recommended to glue the polystyrene foam plates together with double-sided tape so that they do not move from careless touches. It is desirable to place a load on the assembled segment of the composite slope so that it maintains its location.

The type of fastener must correspond to the type of base to which the panels are fixed:

For installation on corrugated board, self-tapping screws Ø 4.8 mm are required.
For fastening to concrete screeds with a strength of B-15 and cement-sand screeds with a strength of M150, pointed roofing screws Ø 4.8 mm are needed together with a polymer anchor sleeve.
For fixing on concrete bases of class B-25, it is necessary to stock up on driven anchors.

The size of the self-tapping screws is selected taking into account the thickness of the layer so that the screw enters the concrete by 5 cm, and protrudes at least 1.5 cm beyond the back side of the corrugated board. When laying down on old repaired roofs with bituminous coating, a plate-shaped category of fasteners is used. The age of the repaired bituminous roof must be more than a year.

The use of insulation fillets

Triangular in cut, a long piece made of basalt wool is used to redirect atmospheric water currents from the junctions of vertical and horizontal surfaces. They are laid along the joining line of the roof with the parapet, the adjoining wall, the sides of the rooflights, chimneys, etc.

The material cut with impeccable geometric accuracy contributes to an increase in the speed of work on the arrangement of a flat roof. Fillet laying allows you to quickly create a smooth transition from a vertical surface to a horizontal plane.

Raising a flat roof: making the right slope (angle) for the roof

Why do we need a flat roof slope, what methods are used to create it, how to choose the optimal angle and option for a flat roof slope device.

Flat roof slope - solution methods

The slope of the roof and the problems of its absence.

Flat roof slope- the process of installing a screed on a flat roof with small slopes and the formation of ridges and valleys.

Axiom No. 1 - The life of any roof can be multiplied by the device of optimal slopes.

The main reason for reducing the service life of the roofing carpet is due to the creation of stagnant zones (puddles) on the roof surface. This problem is related to the violation or incorrect installation of roof slopes and counterslopes. Frequent repeated processes of freezing-thawing of water in stagnant zones lead to early failure of the waterproofing coating.

Axiom No. 2 - The formation of a vegetation layer in stagnant zones significantly reduces the life of a flat roof.

Stagnant zones create excellent conditions for the accumulation of the vegetation layer: seeds that are carried through the air settle under favorable conditions in stagnant zones. This leads to plant roots damage to the main waterproofing coating and, consequently, to early failure of the entire roof structure.

Flat roof pitch. Problems of traditional solutions.

As traditional device solutions roof slopes not expensive filling heaters (expanded clay, perlite) or light concrete mixtures (expanded polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete, perlite concrete) are used.

The use of backfill thermal insulation is associated with the problem of their displacement, and as a result, a violation of the design slopes of the roof. In addition, rather large granules of backfill thermal insulation (20 mm) do not allow for a smooth increase in slope.

The use of light concrete mixes for the screed device leads to increasing loads on the base, an increase in deflections of the supporting structure, and an increase in the cost of the entire roofing system. In roofs with a concrete load-bearing base roof slope device traditional methods involve the use of wet processes (expanded clay pouring with cement milk, roof slope using a cement screed). All this greatly complicates the installation and reconstruction work at low temperatures.

Also, to create a slope of a flat roof, various plate heaters are used, which are refined with the help of cutting tools (for example, hacksaws, saws, milling cutters) for further use as a slope-forming layer.

Carrying out these works is associated with large financial, labor and time costs for sawing, calculating geometry, etc.

From all of the above, it follows that in order to obtain the necessary slope of the roof, it is required to use an inexpensive rigid slab with a slope. As the practice of roofing construction shows, the minimum slope on a flat roof should be at least 1.5%, counterslope - from 3%.

Razklonka roof insulation, as an alternative to screed.

The use of TECHNONICOL-Clean boards allows solving the problems of stagnant zones associated with the installation of a roof slope, an increase in the slope or a change in the direction of water flow, roof slope device in the valley to the water intake funnels, the creation of slopes (grooving) at ventilation shafts and rooflights, the creation of an additional slope of a flat roof to divert water from the parapet (counter slope).

Using the TECHNONIKOL systems for creating slopes or counter-slopes TECHNONICOL-Clean, you get significant advantages:

Reducing the load on the base due to the use of plates made of TECHNONICOL extruded polystyrene foam of low density (25-35 kg/m3);
The absence of "wet" processes in the production of work on the creation of slopes and counterslopes;
A significant reduction in the time for the implementation of slopes of a flat roof;
Reducing the labor costs of performing work.

The installation of a slope-forming layer of wedge-shaped thermal insulation TECHNONICOL-Clean cannot completely replace the main thermal insulation layer required by thermal engineering calculation, due to the inconsistency of the layer thickness, despite the fact that it is made from a highly effective thermal insulation material.

The most economical option for today flat roof slopers is the use of wedge-shaped plates made of expanded polystyrene. This method has proven itself as an alternative to the very labor-intensive demolition using a cement-sand screed. Practice and experience show that the optimal slope on the roof is 1.7-2%, and the counter-slope is 3.4-4%. The use of thermal insulation with a slope will be the right solution to the problems of the formation of stagnant zones.

Razklonka wedge-shaped thermal insulation.

Application wedge-shaped thermal insulation has a significant advantage - it speeds up and simplifies the installation of the roof, even in winter. The use of a prefabricated flat slate screed and wedge-shaped thermal insulation eliminates “wet” processes during the roof slope, as well as the time spent on drying and curing the screeds. Thermal insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam has a closed-porous structure and is not afraid of moisture during roof assembly, which simplifies its storage on the roof and its use, which is undoubtedly important in the Russian climate. Razklonka wedge-shaped thermal insulation most appropriate in the production of repair work on the membrane roof.

flat roof slope

We will create slopes on a flat roof with a wedge-shaped insulation. Calculate the material for the slope. Installation experience 10 years. There will be no puddles on the roof at all.

The slope of a flat roof, in addition to other methods of its construction, can also be performed with a heater. Roofing with insulation is the creation of a system of slopes and counterslopes on the surface of a flat roof using a special mineral wool insulation or extruded polystyrene foam. Slab insulation made of mineral wool or extruded polystyrene foam has a wedge-shaped shape of various catches. This type of insulation is made from a rectangular slab insulation by cutting it at a certain angle. Today, the most popular manufacturer of wedge-shaped insulation for creating a ramp is TechnoNikol.

TechnoNikol produces wedge-shaped insulation made of mineral wool and extruded polystyrene foam. Wedge-shaped mineral wool insulation comes with a slope of 1.7% and 4.2% and is designated Technoruf H30 - WEDGE 1.7% and Technoruf H30 - WEDGE 4.2%, respectively. The wedge-shaped insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam is designated TechnoNikol XPS-WEDGE and has slopes of 1.7% and 3.4%. Wedge-shaped insulation with a slope of 1.7% is used to create the main slope of the roof, and TechnoNikol wedge-shaped insulation with slopes of 3.4% and 4.2% is used to create a slope in the roof valley.

The laying of the wedge-shaped insulation starts from the bottom of the slope and moves towards the top of the slope. When laying a wedge-shaped insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam, it can be temporarily fastened together with double-sided tape for ease of installation.

Our company has been working with roofing systems for a long time and successfully uses the ramp and slope system made of extruded polystyrene foam and mineral wool from TechnoNikol. Turning to us - you will receive high-quality work on laying wedge-shaped insulation.

One of these problems is the formation of a vegetative layer on the roof: seeds dispersed through the air settle in favorable conditions and germinate. This leads to damage by plant roots to the main waterproofing coating and, consequently, to premature failure of the entire roof structure. The second problem is related to repeated and periodic processes of freezing/thawing of atmospheric precipitation in stagnant zones, which also leads to a reduction in the service life of the roofing. Traditionally, cheap filling insulation (expanded clay, perlite) or lightweight concrete mixtures (expanded polystyrene concrete, expanded clay concrete, perlite concrete) were used to create slopes and counter slopes.

Both solutions are associated with additional difficulties: the use of bulk insulation is associated with the problem of their displacement, and, consequently, with a violation of the design slopes. In addition, sufficiently large granules of filling insulation (20 mm) do not allow a smooth increase in slope. The use of light concrete mixtures leads to additional loads on the base, an increase in the deflection of the supporting structure and an increase in the cost of the entire roofing system. In roofs with a concrete load-bearing base, the installation of slopes by traditional methods involves the use of "wet" processes (expanded clay pouring with cement laitance, slope installation of lightweight concrete). All this complicates the reconstruction and installation of the roof at low temperatures. To solve the problem of creating slopes, it is necessary to use an inexpensive rigid sloped slab. As our practice shows, the optimal slope on the roof is 2%, the counterslope is 4%.

Analyzing the needs of the roofing solutions market and many years of experience in their application, TechnoNIKOL Corporation offers a revolutionary solution - ready-made slopes "TECHNOPLEX-Clean", which are a set of slabs with a slope of 2% (slabs A and B) and 4% (slabs J and K ). The use of TECHNOPLEX-Clean boards allows solving the problems of stagnant zones associated with the installation of a slope on the roof and a slope in the valley to the water intake funnels, an increase in the slope or a change in the direction of the water flow, the creation of slopes (grooves) at ventilation shafts and skylights, as well as additional slope to divert water from the parapet (counter slope). Using the TechnoNIKOL systems for creating slopes or counterslopes Technoplexclin, you get additional benefits:

1. Reduction of loads on the base due to the use of boards from extruded polystyrene foam "TECHNOPLEX" of low density (25-35 kg/m3);
2. Absence of "wet" processes in the course of work on the device of slopes and counterslopes;
3. A significant reduction in labor costs for the implementation of slopes;
4. Reducing the time of work. The device of a slope-forming layer of wedge-shaped thermal insulation "TECHNOPLEX-Clean" cannot completely replace the main thermal insulation layer required by thermal engineering calculation, due to the variability of the layer thickness, although it is made from a highly effective thermal insulation material.

Conclusion. The use of a wedge-shaped thermal insulation ramp has an undeniable advantage - it speeds up and simplifies the installation of the roof, even in winter. The use of a prefabricated flat slate screed and wedge-shaped thermal insulation excludes “wet” processes from the production cycle, as well as the time spent on drying and curing the screeds. Extruded polystyrene foam insulation has a closed porous structure and is not afraid of moisture during roof assembly. This simplifies its storage on the roof and its use, which is especially important in the conditions of Russian construction sites.

A detailed analysis of the development of the XPS market, an analysis of the current and potential competitive environment, an assessment of the regions in which it is promising to open an XPS production can be found in the report of the Academy of Industrial Market Studies« Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Thermal Insulation Market in Russia ».

In the name of the long service life of the roof and the building structure located under it, you need to know how the flat roof is flattened. In order to create the most effective protection, you should familiarize yourself with the options used for its design.

The list of risk factors associated with stagnant water includes:

Damage and rupture of the coating. A phenomenon characteristic of periods of fluctuations in plus and minus temperatures, for sharp frosts. Water in the process of crystallization significantly increases in volume, which leads to delamination of the mineral protective dressing on bituminous roofs. Due to the violation of the protective layer, the material becomes vulnerable to UV radiation. On membrane and bulk roofs, due to the alternation of freezing with thawing of water, a grid of small cracks appears.
Overstressing the waterproofing mat. The temperature difference outside the building, inside and inside the building creates excessive stress on the coating. Around stagnant puddles, the stress state intensifies, resulting in gaps and cracks.
Deflection of a thin bearing base. A typical example is corrugated sheet roofing, on which the accumulation of precipitation can cause deformation and subsequent rupture of the coating.
Moisturizing insulation. Microscopic cracks unnoticed by the naked eye will let water into the body of the roofing system, which may not happen if the water is drained at a brisk pace. An equivalent trouble on roofs with poor-quality seams. Wet insulation loses half of its insulating properties and gains weight. Weighting is very undesirable for roofing systems arranged on corrugated board.
The origin of vegetation. Dust accumulated on a flat roof, coupled with stagnant water, is a wonderful environment for rooting and further prosperity of wind-blown plant seeds. Not all roof coverings are capable of steadfastly resisting life-loving roots invading them.

Flat roof slope options

The slope of a flat roof forms a barely noticeable relief with valleys and watersheds resembling ridge ridges of pitched roofs. The essence of its formation is to regulate the flow of water.

Instead of a split bar, a similar device made of basalt wool or expanded polystyrene is used. Fillet can be arranged directly on the object from a concrete solution.

The following proven methods are used for flat roof slopers:

The use of backfill thermal insulation: most often expanded clay or perlite, less often vermiculite. To create a ramp with a filling insulation, the roof area is divided into segments. Guides are installed at the required angle, between which the material is poured. On top of the backfill, a concrete mix screed with the M150 marking is arranged. Concrete pouring without fail should be reinforced with a road mesh. The final layer of concrete can be replaced by a dry screed made of plywood or flat slate sheets. The uniquely time-consuming method is not accurate due to the inherent displacement of loose particles. In addition, it is difficult to form a slope rise in this way.
Pouring lightweight concrete- mixtures with the inclusion of expanded clay, polystyrene chips, perlite and similar aggregates. It is carried out according to the traditional scheme of the screed device, only the guides are installed at the required angle. The disadvantage of the method is in weather restrictions, tk. the screed can not be poured at minus thermometer readings. The concrete ramp will dry for at least 28 days, during which the screed will need to be moistened and protected from rain and wind.
Installation of metal structures. They are made of profile PP nomenclature 75×50×05 or similar material according to the dimensions of the increase and decrease. Distances between structures are calculated depending on the upcoming load. Sheets of flat slate are laid on top of the formed relief. The disadvantages of the method lie in significant material costs and labor investments.
Lathing construction. It is used extremely rarely, because. the application is unprofitable, besides, it is too difficult to implement such minor deviations, but among other methods it is still mentioned.
Application of wedge-shaped thermal insulation boards produced from basalt wool, foam glass, expanded polystyrene, polystyrene specifically for slopes on flat roofs and for creating an outflow of water from parapets.

Wedge-shaped plates are cut at the factory, which guarantees the accuracy of the result of the upcoming work. The set of material must be accompanied by practical installation instructions.

Advantages of using wedge-shaped plates

Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool boards for the formation of slopes have an equivalent set of advantages, these are:

Insignificant weight, due to which the slope made of insulation creates the least load on the supporting building structures.
Transportation to the place of laying without the use of lifting construction equipment.
Independence of technology from weather conditions. Possibility to carry out successful laying, despite unfavorable forecasts for builders.
Perceptible relief and acceleration of actions for the formation of inclined planes. There is no need to postpone finishing work due to the need to withstand technological breaks. For example, wait 28 days for the cement-sand screed to gain the required hardness parameters.
A significant reduction in the cost of building slopes, necessary and sufficient for the unhindered flow of rain and melt water.

How to make a slope with plates?

The polymer membrane is strictly prohibited from direct contact with bitumen and bitumen-polymer waterproofing. They can coexist only if the same separating layer is laid between them.

A geotextile underlay is also required when laying slabs immediately on a rough concrete pavement, i.e. if they are used exclusively to form a slope on an uninsulated roof.

Marking of ramp elements

The Russian manufacturer of building systems TechnoNikol, for example, offers wedge-shaped ramping kits made of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. In both cases:

Plates marked with letters A and B are intended for assembling slopes with a size of 1.7%.
If the material is marked with the letters J and K, then it is used in the construction of slopes of 3.4% and 4.2%.
Flat insulation boards with the letter C are used for climbing. Elements marked C can be laid both under and on top of the ramp.

More details on the diagrams:

Mounting rules

The installation of wedge-shaped slabs on the base without preliminary thermal insulation is carried out by methods commonly used or by bituminous coating. The priority is the mechanical method of fastening to the base, according to which the telescopic plates are fastened with self-tapping screws with a telescopic nozzle.

The type of fastener must correspond to the type of base to which the panels are fixed:

For installation on corrugated board, self-tapping screws Ø 4.8 mm are required.
For fastening to concrete screeds with a strength of B-15 and cement-sand screeds with a strength of M150, pointed roofing screws Ø 4.8 mm are needed together with a polymer anchor sleeve.
For fixing on concrete bases of class B-25, it is necessary to stock up on driven anchors.

The use of insulation fillets

Video lesson on the device slopes

For those who want to know how to competently make an ideal ramp on a flat roof, the video will help to get acquainted with the specifics of the work in detail:

The list of options for slopes on a flat roof rightly tops the wedge-shaped insulation boards. They are designed to make work easier and significantly speed up processes. With the assigned duties, the wedge-shaped ramp does an excellent job.

It has a number of its advantages, such as: its installation will take less materials, ease and simplicity of installation and additional useful territory.

For many, the phrase flat roof is in no way associated with a slope. Although this is far from true. Even the most even roof has its slope, even if it is minimal.

At a minimum, this is necessary so that melt water, and water after rain, can safely drain into the installed funnels, which are part of the internal catchment area, or into the gutter of the external system.

In addition, it is easy and simple to install additional, necessary equipment on such a roof. To date, There are several types of flat roofs:

Operated roof;
unused roof;
Traditional roofs;
Inversion roofs.

The slope that should be on this type of roof, is about 1-5 degrees, if you neglect this, then water, both rain and melt, will accumulate, which in turn will damage the roof.

In summer, you may not encounter such a problem, since rainwater dries up under the rays of the sun. In winter and autumn, such water can freeze at night and melt during the day.

Puddles form, which ultimately leads to the fact that moisture gradually penetrates the insulation. The essence of the mechanism is that moisture penetrates the layer, which means that inevitable leaks occur.

But this is not the only problem. In addition, puddles on the roof can be covered with dust, which at one time settles on the bottom. Seeds of various herbs and plants can fall into this puddle and germinate there.

Often on the streets you can find houses on the roofs of which there is grass or thin trees. It is logical that this spoils the roof, and also spoils the aesthetic appearance of the entire building.

To avoid such a nuisance, and thereby extend the life of your roof, Roof sloping needs to be done.. Such complex manipulation is carried out at the time of construction itself.

The process itself is quite complex, and includes many activities of different structure. The purpose of this procedure is for the roof itself to acquire the necessary slope..

But before you start the slope of the roof, you need to find out what a flat roof consists of.

Flat roof

In fact, it is a pie with several layers:

Immediate foundation, which is reinforced concrete slabs that have a certain wave height;
, which can be made from different materials, such as bitumen, or roll materials;
The next layer is, which can be made of mineral wool or other durable material.

The ingredients of this pie can be changed if the builder wants to do the whole roof with the new building materials. It should be understood that such a procedure as a bias, carried out directly at the time of laying the insulation.

It is important that in addition to such main layers of the roof, there must also be water intake funnels or gutters.

The angle of the roof slope is very important, and it depends on many parameters. The first thing to pay attention to is wind effect. If you live in an area where there are frequent strong winds, then it is worth making a small angle of inclination.

CAREFULLY!

If you make a strong slope of a flat roof, then the wind can tear the sheets of the roof. It is important to note that the angle of the roof dictates the necessary conditions for the truss system, as well as for all components of the roof, namely: rafters, sheathing step.

Obviously, the steeper the slope of the roof itself, the faster the outflow of water.

Percent slope

Minimum angle and roof slope calculation

The minimum slope angle can be determined based on the materials of the roof itself:

If the roof is made of then its minimum slope must be at least 12 degrees(according to SNiP). If the roof is made of angle increases up to 15 degrees. It is important to understand that the gaps of the material, and other joints, must be treated with a special sealant - frost-resistant / waterproof. If the angle of inclination is 15 degrees, then the sheets of material should overlap by about 200mm., if the angle is smaller, then the overlap should increase;
The minimum slope angle may be in cases where if the roof of your house is made of artificial materials. These, in turn, include membrane coatings, materials based on bitumen. It is logical that by the value of the slope angle, affects the number of layers of the roof. If, for example, the roof is carried out in two layers. then an angle of inclination of 15 degrees is quite enough;
Having covered the roof, it is worth understanding that quite enough and 11 degrees of inclination angle, but at the same time you need to make a crate of a solid type.

Such a process as a flat roof slope, made from these materials.:

Extruded polystyrene (technonikol);
Wool, both mineral and glass/basalt based;
polyurethane foam;
foam concrete;
Foam glass;
Various types of backfill materials.

Each of the materials has its pros and cons. Before starting work, it is necessary to correctly calculate the angle of inclination itself. In fact, it is quite easy to carry out this calculation, for this you need to use a goniometer, or with fairly simple mathematical formulas.

Despite the fact that a flat roof is called a flat roof, it still needs a slope. The minimum slope for a flat roof is 1 degree or 1.7%.

The instructions for using bituminous and polymer coatings for sloping indicate that the optimum angle of inclination should be 1.5 degrees. An inclination of 1-2 degrees is acceptable.

Everything is very simple here. You need to know the height of the roof and its width. Further, simple trigonometric formulas will help calculate the direct angle (sine, cosine, tangent). And according to the existing table, which was calculated earlier, you can find out the value as a percentage.

There is another way to calculate - the value of the height of the roof must be divided by half the width, and the result already obtained is multiplied by one hundred, after that, in the table, you can find out the percentage value of the future angle of inclination. This option is faster, but they are both correct in terms of accuracy.

Minimum slope

Sloping a flat roof with bulk materials

If you decide that the slope procedure will be carried out using bulk materials, then the first thing worth noting is the scheme by which such a procedure must be carried out:

First of all, on the concrete base itself, it is necessary to lay a layer of glass insulation. This material not only has a long service life (30-35 years), but also has a high waterproofing performance;
Farther, it is necessary to pour the main material on it - expanded clay. But at the same time, everyone needs to create the right bias;
Necessarily it is necessary to cover the layer of expanded clay with a special polyethylene film. It is important to note that it must be overlapped;
Further, it is necessary to apply the prepared sand-cement screed doing it smoothly, slowly. Its essence is to level the layer of poured expanded clay;
After these events, you can start carry out the formation of the roofing "pie", according to the developed .

Remember that when laying each layer, you need to ensure that the previously prepared angle of inclination is maintained.

ATTENTION!

If you are worried that the expanded clay will move when you start laying a sand-cement screed on top of it, you can fill it with cement milk. But it is worthwhile to understand that because of him, the design becomes heavier.

If you want to create a minimum angle of inclination, and the roof area is not particularly large, then a sand-cement mortar is quite enough.

bulk material

Thermal insulation materials

Another good material for roof slopes are thermal insulation materials. Experts claim that this is the most affordable option.

Its advantage is that it is quite light and quite cheap which plays a very important role in construction. Mineral wool, the best material. The scheme of the process is quite simple.

It is necessary to attach the material to the base itself, using self-tapping screws or dowels. Some prefer sheets of such cotton wool to be glued to a previously cleaned base with special glue. Such a process can be performed both during and during the installation of the roof.

Thermal insulation material

foam concrete

A good material that can be used to flatten a flat roof is foam concrete. It should immediately be noted that this procedure must be carried out using special equipment.

On the base itself, a layer of foam concrete is poured, but at the same time the angle of inclination itself is noted, and after make a special screed of foam fiber concrete. Next, it is important to apply waterproofing material.

A huge plus of this kind of razuklonka - high rate of thermal insulation, as well as other mechanical characteristics. For example strength and durability.

Speaking of cons, they are here too, or rather one. This is the price. She is high enough. And again, to carry out such a procedure on your own will not work. Therefore, in this case, it is worth contacting professionals.

If the roof has a minimum slope, then it is important to note that in this case, proper drainage systems must be installed. The slope itself is done exclusively to the side (funnel, gutter);
If your roof is bituminous, it is worth making the slope angle less than 6 degrees, while the bottom layer of waterproofing must be made of membrane materials;
It is important to know that with small values of the slope angle, it is necessary to carry out ventilation of the under-roof space itself, with all the slopes. The thickness of the gap also depends on the value of the angle (the larger the angle, the smaller the thickness, and vice versa).

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