Grinding the plaster of the interior with lime mortar. Grinding plaster, or how to give old buildings a new life. Solution preparation technology

Grinding of wall and ceiling plaster is done by applying, spreading a thin layer of mortar on an old, previously cleaned surface. Surface preparation most often consists in cleaning it from whitewashing. A thin layer of lime can be removed by washing it with water with a brush or cloth. A thick layer must be scraped off with a scraper, scraper or a hard spatula.

Repair of plaster is done with the same mortar from which the old plaster was made. Lime mortar is made from finely sifted sand without the addition of gypsum. It is impossible to make pure lime dough or lime-gypsum mortar, because in the process of grinding the gypsum rejuvenates, losing its strength qualities. You can’t grind with pure cement or lime paste without adding sand - nothing good will come of it.

Preparation of walls and ceilings for grinding plaster.

Cracks.

Old cracks are cut with a sharp knife at an angle of 45 degrees, and for a stronger connection of the mixture with the old surface, it is desirable to cut the angle so that at the depth of the cut the width would be greater than the width at the beginning of the cut. Thin cracks are cut to a depth of no more than 10 mm. Wide cracks should preferably be cut to the thickness of the plaster. Embroidered cracks are abundantly moistened with clean water and sealed with mortar. The solution for wide cracks is made into a thick creamy solution by pressing it strongly into the crack. Thin cracks are sealed with a thinner solution.

The best way to repair small cracks is to use acrylic. After drying, the acrylic becomes rubbery and the crack sealed in this way will never appear again. Small cracks can be plastered with chalk in the proportion of 1 part gypsum to 2-3 parts chalk. Repair with such a composition requires a mandatory primer in several layers before painting. The primer is necessary so that the gypsum absorbs as little paint as possible. Cracks of any width are overwritten in the same way as a flat plane.

Rusty spots.

Rusty spots that appear before or after grinding must be removed by completely cutting off the rusty place. After the place is moistened with water and plastered. In rare cases, if the rust stain is weak, you can not knock it down completely, but cut it with a chisel or ax, moisten it and apply a solution.

The gap between the wall and the plinth..

The cracks should be cleaned with a sharp knife, remove debris and plaster residues and moisten with water. The plaster mortar is tightly and forcefully hammered into the cracks. The excess is removed and the place is rubbed with a grater. After the solution has set, the plinth is wiped with a wet rag from the solution. To avoid this procedure and not to scratch the varnished plinth, it can be sealed with a wide masking tape.

Grinding plaster is done as follows:

About half a square meter of the surface of the wall or ceiling is moistened with water and a small amount of the solution is applied with a grater in checkered strokes 10-20 cm apart. Then it is moistened again with water and rubbed without gaps. Grouting is done in a circular motion. In places where the layer has completely worn off to the old base, spread a fresh solution and rub this place again.

When grinding walls and streams, care must be taken to ensure that the mortar does not enter putty and painted surfaces. Also, the solution should not come into contact with wood and metal (wooden and metal door frames, window frames.), Because these materials change their volume (deform) depending on the ambient temperature. With deformation, cracks will necessarily appear at the points of contact of the plaster with metal or wooden surfaces. To prevent this from happening, the joints must be sealed with plaster, and preferably with acrylic. When dry, acrylic becomes rubbery, which prevents it from cracking. Do not confuse acrylic with silicone, because silicone is transparent and greasy and paint does not lie on it.

Grinding plaster on rods and baguettes is a rather complicated and labor-intensive work, because it is impossible to remove lime or paint from them with scrapers so as not to damage the surface. Lime is removed from rods and baguettes with hot water and hard brushes. Grinding is done in small half-graters. Cracks are sealed in the same way as on walls and ceilings.

Monolithic wall decoration, regardless of the type of material used, will always win in terms of reliability and durability over a restored defective surface. But it is far from always justified to completely dismantle the old coating for applying a new one, therefore, restoration measures should not be abandoned. The most common operations of this kind include grinding plaster. What is this operation? This procedure is in the nature of a minor repair in the form of sealing a damaged finish. Accordingly, it has its own characteristics and nuances of execution.

Grinding features

This technique can be compared to partial priming or spot restoration of a defective area. But if shallow flaws can be dealt with with putty with a light grout mixture, which will also provide a leveling effect, then grinding aims to repair deep damage, but with a small area. Does this mean that the work is being simplified? In a sense, yes, because the volume of laying can not be compared with the complex design of the walls with a new coating. On the other hand, the restoration of individual sections always entails a violation of the surface geometry - the same threat is especially evident during the grinding of plaster. What does it mean? Placing a thick layer of mortar in a small area can cause problems when correcting the surface. Accordingly, the accuracy of applying the mass and further alignment will be important. The problem is that mechanical alignment may not give the expected result, since the fluid mixture after work is still deformed under its own load.

Preparation for work

A critical step during which the target workspace is prepared. The surface is cleaned of dust, dirt and other foreign particles. Light sanding can also be done to remove loose layers of old remaining plaster. It is not worth overdoing this operation, since strong fluctuations can affect the structure of the adjacent solid coating. If, after stripping, elements of metal reinforcement appear outside, they should first be sealed with a special putty that can be used in contact with metal surfaces. It will also be important to have such a quality as the adhesiveness of grinding the plaster of the interior. This is a property that determines the adhesion of the new mortar layer to the base surface. As the removal of dirt from the damaged area increases adhesion, so the composition of the laid putty should, at a minimum, organically interact with the solution of the applied plaster. However, the choice of a suitable mixture should be given special attention.

What solution is required?

The main question in choosing a dry mix for grinding is what type of base should be? It is better to refuse modified compositions immediately, since the plasticizers included in them in small areas in direct contact with a foreign mixture can manifest their qualities in different ways. After all, do not forget what grinding of plaster means? This is the incorporation of a new solution into an already existing coating structure. A universal option may seem to be a traditional cement composition, in which both adhesion is high and strength will make it possible to form a reliable seal. But, the cement-sand mixture has a long curing period, and this is an undesirable characteristic for a mass laid flat in a small area.

The best solution would be a gypsum mortar. In addition to environmental friendliness and fast hardening, such a base will make it possible to perform plastic and shrinkage-resistant grinding of plaster. What will it give in practice? Firstly, it will remove the problems of post-processing damage, when it will be necessary to perform leveling and corrective operations. Finishing is performed once, after which the laid mass is not deformed. Secondly, gypsum will allow you to repair even complex and hard-to-reach areas precisely because of its plasticity. In some conditions, such plaster can be used as a substitute for putty.

Grinding technique

The operation is preferably performed manually with a spatula with a small rule for surface correction. After 2-3 hours after laying the base mass with complete sealing of the defective area, with the help of a lattice grater, sags and all kinds of irregularities should be removed. By the way, wall plaster grinding can be done in several layers if the embedment depth exceeds 25 cm. In this case, the first layer should be applied without intermediate treatment. Moreover, to increase adhesion with the subsequent layer, the initial surface should be made rough. And after the second pass, the excess is removed and the texture of the coating is leveled.

Grinding in combination with jointing

If it is necessary to make a deep seal of the crack, it is advisable to perform a preliminary jointing. This is a kind of cleaning, but in a more in-depth technological version. The jointing procedure consists in removing the remnants of the problematic concrete along the edges in the crack zone. Finishers are advised to blow out the defect cavity itself as much as possible, which will stop its further spread. In the process of grinding plaster with jointing of cracks, a chisel with a hammer is used to remove the old finish and a construction vacuum cleaner is used to purge the fracture. The rest of the operation is performed according to the standard scheme for laying the solution.

Features of outdoor work

Repair of the facade coating has its own specifics, for which the following amendments are made:

• The solution must be made on a composition intended for outdoor use. In particular, the silicate filler will allow you to perform high-quality grinding of facade plaster. What does this mean in terms of operational impact? At a minimum, protection from precipitation will be provided with the strengthening of the structure of the problematic coverage area.
• Plaster must not be applied to a dirty surface. To clean the facades, a special high-pressure washer is used.
• Termination is carried out with a mandatory preliminary primer in 2-3 thin layers. At the final stage, the leveling of the plaster can be done with a waterproof sealant.

Conclusion

As a repair and restoration operation, grinding allows you to preserve the overall structure of the base coat for some time, but you should not overestimate it. The heterogeneity of the finish structure in itself creates favorable conditions for the future formation of new cracks. Therefore, experts use the concept of temporary grinding of plaster. What does it mean? Repair of damages and defects of the coating is carried out only for a certain period until the next overhaul. Otherwise, there is a risk to detect signs of the same cracks in the place of grinding through a new decorative finish already in the first months after work.

Renovation of the interior includes an inspection of the condition and elimination of defects in all structures. Grinding the plaster allows you to restore the performance of this coating without completely replacing it.

This procedure for the restoration of old plaster significantly reduces the consumption of materials and the time during which the walls will be ready for applying a new finish.

Troubleshooting

Plastered walls are frayed when the bulk of the old coating retains its bearing capacity and is suitable for service for a long period.

The applied thin layer of the new solution must be comparable in hardness to the base, otherwise it will peel off and collapse.

Identification of defects and determination of the scope of repair work is carried out, obeying a few simple rules:

Some destruction is caused by a violation of the technology for preparing the solution or its application even during construction work on interior decoration. For example, throwing a solution on a base that is too wet or completely dry. In this case, it is better to clean the low-quality areas down to the wall material and re-plaster the plaster.

Recovery

It is possible to determine the scope of work and understand the issue, grinding the plaster, what kind of repair procedure it is, according to TERr 61-26-1. It includes only 2 positions: scraping off old paint and grinding itself.

To perform operations, you will need a tool for cutting cracks (painting spatula, straight knife, scraper) and working with mortar (wooden grater, brush for wetting).

Solution

The consistency of the mortar used for grinding the plaster should be thick. This is necessary not only for dense filling of crack cavities, but also for the possibility of obtaining a sufficiently thin layer over the surface of the preserved old coating.

Repair of places cleaned to the ground is carried out with the same mortar that was laid when creating the coating; on the frayed part of the wall, a different proportion is used 1/1 (for cracks - with the addition of gypsum):

Narrow cracks can be sealed with a more liquid solution. In this case, acrylic or chalk is also used as additives. To learn how to make a solution, see this video:

If gypsum is included in the composition of the solution, then after drying, a thorough primer of the laid layer must be carried out.

Performance

Grinding will be done with high quality, if you follow the features of the technology in the following sequence:

1. The uniform distribution of the solution over the entire area begins after all the places of the old plaster that have been sealed following the results of troubleshooting have dried.
2. Before applying the lime-sand composition, the wall is moistened with water or primed for strong adhesion of the renewed layer to the base. At the same time, it is better to wet no more than 2 m² of wall area.
3. When processing walls of a large area, the solution is kneaded in portions, using only a freshly prepared mixture.
4. Before leveling, the solution is applied to the wall with a float in a checkerboard pattern with an interval of 15 - 20 cm.
5. During grinding, the solution is periodically moistened.
6. The quality of the resulting surface increases when using felt or felt overlays on a wooden grater.
7. Since the grout layer is very thin, you should try to ensure the most uniform drying, eliminate drafts, direct sunlight, and uneven temperature of the wall materials.
8. At the points of contact with laid communications, the dried mortar may subsequently crack, so it is better not to coat foreign materials end-to-end, but to fill the gap left with acrylic sealants. No gaps should be left between the wall and the skirting board. For more information on grinding plaster, see this video:

Once cured, streaks and splashes on surrounding surfaces can be easily removed with water.

What is "grinding", for sure, every experienced master in finishing work knows. But for beginners in this business, we advise you to study in more detail all the subtleties of the recovery process.

Grinding plaster

Grinding of plaster consists in the restoration process of the leveling surface coating without its removal. In simple words, at this time, the gaps and irregularities formed over time are sealed with a new mixture, which must be applied as thinly as possible.

If you follow all the rules, such a restored surface can serve you for many more years.

Surface preparation work

Grinding plaster on the wall

The success of the entire recovery process directly depends on how carefully all actions are performed.

The initial stage of any repair work is the preparation of the necessary structures and surfaces, which is as follows:

1. In order for the restoration work to be done efficiently, it is necessary to embroider all the cracks for deep penetration of the plaster solution. To perform such work, you can use a sharp knife or spatula, with which you need to make a cut at an angle of 450 (how deep the cut depends on the degree of damage to the surface: small cracks can be embroidered by 1-1.5 cm, and large ones are better to be embroidered over the entire layer old plaster mortar).
2. At the next stage, it is necessary to clean all the embroidered recesses from debris and dust, and sprinkle them well with water (it would be nice to use a primer solution instead of water, but such work will cost an order of magnitude more expensive).
3. Next, you can proceed to the preparation of the gaps between the walls and baseboards. The cracks must be well cleaned of debris and old plaster, then moistened with water or treated with a primer.
4. If rusty spots have formed on the surfaces over time, such fragments of the old wall must be removed to its base (when the spot is small, you can not remove the mortar layer, but be sure to sand this area).

Elimination of defects

Grinding plaster on the wall in the apartment

After the preparatory work is completed, you can begin to eliminate defects:

• deep cracks must be filled with mortar so that there are no empty areas left in the recess;
• if the gaps are thin and not very deep, they can be filled with acrylic (if this is not possible, you can prepare a mixture of chalk and gypsum in a 2: 1 ratio, but then be sure to treat this area with a primer);
• then you need to fill the gap between the wall and the plinth with a solution;
• if a defect has formed at the point of contact of the plaster with communication structures (ventilation, pipes, etc.), use acrylic sealant to seal them.

After all the cracks and gaps are filled with the solution, give the surfaces time to polymerize, and only then proceed to grinding.

Solution preparation technology

Plastering in the basement

Basically, the restoration of the plaster is carried out using the same mixture that was used during the leveling of the surfaces. But, grinding of plaster should be carried out with a mixture in which the presence of sand is mandatory. The most suitable material will be sifted fine-grained sand.

Fresh plaster on the wall

The grinding solution is prepared in compliance with the following proportions:

• 1 part lime dough;
• 1 part of sifted sand;
• water (liquid needs to be poured in so much that the mixture has a thick consistency).

If you need a lot of grinding solution (a lot of damage), it is better to knead it in small portions. The finished mixture tends to set quickly, so the quality of such a solution will be much worse than freshly prepared.

Algorithm for grinding plaster

Stucco wall

If you decide to grind the old plaster, you will need a wooden plaster float for this.

Before proceeding with the application of the solution, the surface must be moistened with water, only then you can gain mass on a grater and cover the walls with it.

During grinding, your movements with the grater should be circular. Your task is to evenly distribute the plaster over the entire surface so that the applied material lies as evenly as possible.

Since this layer has a minimum strength, it must be dried very carefully in a natural way (it is better not to speed up the process and not to use building hair dryers and other equipment). Try to ensure that during drying the treated surface does not succumb to mechanical stress, and there are no drafts and sudden temperature changes in the room.

We grind the plaster with our own hands

When the surface is completely dry, you can start sanding the walls.

The approximate cost of grinding is shown in the table.

Grinding plaster on the walls

As you can see, the technology of work is quite simple and does not require large financial and time costs. But, its implementation will be possible only if the base layer of plaster is strong enough and needs only minor cosmetic repairs.

Indoor premises undergo wear and tear over time in the form of cracks, swelling of plastered coatings. The grinding of plaster is a renewal of the worn layer of the surface coating, while not replacing the entire finishing layer. Restore surfaces in stages. Economically, this type of repair is beneficial. The consumption of building materials for restoration work is reduced, the time for their implementation is reduced compared to a full-scale repair.

Reasons for interior renovation

The first sign of an impending home renovation is a piece of loose or swollen plaster. There are many reasons:

1. the building has shrunk;
2. there was mechanical damage to the wall coverings;
3. poor quality of the building materials used.

There is only one result - it's time to prepare for grinding the old finishing layer of walls or ceilings.

Fragment of a wall in need of grinding

Preparation begins with the acquisition of the necessary tools. Various tools are involved in repair operations: a trowel, a plaster grater. With a trowel and a board with a handle, called a trowel, the resulting flaws on the surface of the wall are removed. The grater makes the surface perfectly smooth, beautiful. Graters come in different configurations depending on what kind of work they are intended for.

Modern construction tools have advantages:

• light in weight;
• convenient to use;
• durable;
• a variety of work platform graters;
• affordable cost.

It is necessary to overwrite the putty with special additional devices, including meshes, which are coated with an abrasive coating. In each case, the grater and the corresponding device in the form of meshes are selected according to the size of the cells.

Grinding plaster is the grouting of an old layer of plaster

The plastered coatings are rubbed if the main area of ​​the coating has been preserved and is suitable for use. So that the new thin layer of the solution does not collapse, it is qualitatively compared with the base.

A preliminary assessment of the condition of the surfaces is carried out, the causes of damage and the amount of work to be done are determined. Technological causes are the result of violations associated with the preparation of mortar or finishing techniques:

1. Improperly prepared solution, violation of technology lead to the destruction of the finishing top layer and the plaster falling off in pieces.
2. Unslaked pieces of lime introduced into the mixture create the prerequisites for the appearance of blisters.
3. Weak mixing of solutions, rapid drying of the plaster leads to the formation of cracks.

To avoid violations of technology, it is necessary to comply with all technical standards, the ratio of constituent substances at the time of preparation of a homogeneous mass.

Defect detection rules:

1. Removed old wallpaper, paint or whitewash.
2. Visible damage is subdivided into categories: a) with cleaning to a shallow depth of up to 0.15 cm and grouting with mortar; b) areas with large flaws (delamination, rust damage, microorganisms, salt deposits).
3. By tapping on the wall, the damaged area will open.

Pay attention to the strength of the composition of the first layer. Careful inspection of the entire surface, identification of places requiring replacement.

Preparation for grinding

Grinding of the plaster of the interior is carried out after the preparatory work:

• Treatment of small cracks by the method of deep impregnation to strengthen the surface, after drying it is putty with paint of a thick dispersion composition.
• Larger cracks are sealed with a special mixture, which includes cement and PCI emulsion or PVA glue. The mixture is applied with a brush.

Cracking of cement plaster occurs in new buildings or buildings erected on sites with unstable soils. Here, shrinkage occurs unevenly, structures experience internal stress, which is the cause of large and deep cracks.

These flaws are closed using a different technology:

• Jointing of cracks, removal of weak plastered areas occurs mechanically using a hammer and chisel.
• Removes dust and dirt.
• The prepared place is treated with a solution with the addition of fine gravel or pieces of crushed brick.
• The treated area is grouted on the work surface.

The joints of the new and old coating are treated with paint and overwritten. To avoid the appearance of bumps and dents, the joints are carefully smoothed. The treated area is moistened with a damp brush. The plaster in the corners of the room is also carefully repaired.

Corner Finishing:

• prepare a gypsum mixture;
• the old coating is removed in the corners;
• the seams are cleaned;
• the surface is wetted;
• a fresh solution is applied to the corner surface;
• left to harden;
• put a wet board against the surface close to the old coating.

Grinding solution

To the question of what grinding of interior plaster is and what needs to be done so that the work is done efficiently, the answer is this: first, prepare the solution correctly.

It is important to keep the proportions:

• for 1 part of lime dough, take 1 part of prepared (sifted) sand;
• add water in an amount corresponding to a thick consistency.

The thick consistency of the solution densely fills the voids of the cracks, gives a thin layer of overlay on the old coating. Thoroughly cleaned places are repaired with a solution similar to the initially applied layer. Narrow cracks are sealed with a more liquid solution with acrylic or chalk additives. The dried layer with the addition of gypsum needs a subsequent primer.

Work performance technology:

• Dry the places where the defects are repaired.
• Take a wooden grater designed to do the finishing.
• Moisten the finishing surface with water.
• Dial the prepared rubbing mixture on a grater.
• Spread the solution evenly over the surface in a circular motion.
• In natural conditions, wait for drying (without temperature fluctuations, technical hair dryers).
• Start sanding the walls.

Pay attention to the points of contact with communication systems laid indoors. In order not to crack the outer finishing layer, a gap is left between foreign structures and the wall, which is filled with acrylic composite materials.

It is important to periodically moisten the solution during grinding.

Grinding the plaster of the interior is a small complex restoration of the appearance.

Peculiarities

Individual construction and industrial structures are equipped with plaster finishes on the surfaces of walls, ceilings, stoves. Often, for safety reasons, heat-resistant materials are used for finishing. Refractory mixtures are used by the owners of country and country houses.

Fire safety services are considering five types of solutions that are thermally stable. Modern construction makes extensive use of the properties of such materials in design. Facade decoration, interior design of premises for various purposes.

The plastering process is different in that special substances are introduced into the solution. But a reliable and durable layer of plaster undergoes wear. In such a situation, grinding plaster, what is it? It turns out that this common work is done with a felt or polyurethane float, wetting the surface abundantly. Technological methods are known: cleaning the surface, eliminating damage, applying a new restoring layer, drying and careful operation.

Conclusion

Modern housing and industrial construction has developed new technological methods for the restoration of worn parts and structures. A popular finish using cement-sand, gypsum mixtures with various fillers allows you to partially restore surfaces. Here the technique of grinding plaster is successfully used.