Garden landscape in the Bavarian style. Directions of landscape design: features and characteristics. Country style accessories
The concept of style is well known, because any activity today is carried out within the framework of this definition. The stylistic direction includes the features of some art, characteristic of a certain time. Landscape design, however, like many other architectural and construction projects, also takes place according to a certain style trend. Choosing the right style of landscape design is not an easy task. Firstly, the types of landscape design are quite diverse, and secondly, not every style will look perfect in a particular area. But the desire of any land owner is that, when they see his territory, those around him characterize it with the word: “Delightful!”. Therefore, creating a landscape masterpiece requires a lot of effort, time and knowledge of what landscape design styles are and how best to reproduce them. This is what will be discussed below.
regular style
Landscaping in the style of a regular (classical) is characterized by symmetrical and graceful forms. It is characterized by the presence of restraint and clear boundaries. This stylistic direction suggests the presence of a large object as the main part of the landscape composition, it can be a water source, a pond or a statue. Around it are paths of absolutely even shape, strewn with pebbles or gravel, and trees are arranged according to the same principle. As a rule, the paths are necessarily decorated with carefully trimmed hair.
Regular style or classic The classic style in landscape design allows for organization, planted in a strict symmetrical arrangement. Flower representatives can be from the brightest to discreet shades. The flower bed decorated with tulips, petunias, crocuses, for example, marigolds will also look most suitable for this style.
As part of such landscape compositions, there may be trees of a strict form. For example, the territory can be decorated with linden, catalpa, spruce or is also perfect.
A characteristic feature of the garden, decorated in the classical style, is the organization of bosquets, that is, geometric compositions created by decorative shearing of densely planted bushes or trees.
Classic style in the backyard landscape style
What it is? In short, this direction is the exact opposite of the aforementioned regular style.
It is characterized by the absence of any symmetry, clarity, restraint, everything is as natural and natural as possible. When designing in a landscape style, it is recommended not to focus on large objects, including the house itself, but rather to skillfully hide it behind the trees.
landscape style Features of such a landscape project are:
- Wildflowers and those that can be found in forest lands. They should be planted in an asymmetric order, according to the principle of the natural landscape. Some experts advise opting for colors of soft colors, close to pastels, which will create a greater effect of naturalness;
- Winding paths. Undersized grass will serve as the optimal cover for them, you can also use brick chips or sand cover.
Landscape-style paths have a winding shape Landscape garden (video description)
Japanese style design
The Japanese trend in landscape design is, first of all, achieving harmony between nature and man. Often this style is called "soothing", because the main goal of designing is to relax in the full sense of the word, from the physical state to the spiritual. The main landscape elements are stones and water.
Japanese style When designing the territory in this direction, focus on
- paths paved with stone;
- on decorative structures consisting of several stones (5-6 pieces);
- construction of stone fountains or sculptures.
These components are a mandatory requirement for creating a Japanese atmosphere.
As for vegetation, there are several basic recommendations - flowers of calm shades, low trees. Irises, ferns, dwarf pines, hydrangea, heather are suitable alternatives.
As for one more element - “water”, it can be organized as a miniature one, decorating it with a bridge and. These elements will give the landscape Japanese expressiveness and color.
Japanese-style pond is a must English style direction
English style in landscape design has a rich and long history. In view of this, often when designing a garden in this style, one can often find an imitation of ancient stylized ruins and statues.
English style Very often, natural water bodies complement the overall picture of a personal plot, although artificial ones are no exception, but created following the example of the first. Tall trees, sandy shores can be used as decorations for reservoirs. The paths can be lined with natural or similar stone, and small shrubs are planted along, as usual.
Designing in the English style is carried out in large areas, as there is a need to accommodate a large number of shrubs, trees, herbs. Dense vegetation is one of the main features.
For this flow, the observance of symmetry is completely irrelevant. On the contrary, winding paths, multi-tiered plants, alternation of shrubs and lawns and other contradictions are completely normal for a garden created according to the English principle. However, it is impossible not to mention the perfectly trimmed lawn, which is the main skate in this direction.
English style in the garden Country style
So far from a complex civilization, and so close to natural primitiveness, the style in landscape design is rustic. Its characteristic features are uncut grass on the lawn; nondescript and such ordinary plants; wattle fence, instead of a high stone fence; decoration in the form of aged vessels of various shapes. Among the trees, fruit trees, such as apple, cherry, pear, find their place, but the flower beds are decorated with daisies, cornflowers, tulips - in general, everything that reminds of a distant and carefree childhood. The final touch, emphasizing simplicity and rusticity, will be decorating the site with a clumsy stuffed animal, wooden cart or wheel.
Country style Country
The American continent is certainly considered the birthplace of this direction, the times of the development of the Wild West still remind of themselves. Wooden houses, garden fruit trees, a garden with a traditional wicker fence - all this is very familiar to the design of this style. In some features, it is very similar to the previous, rural one: there is still no lawns and natural grass, climbing plants on an extension to the house, trees and shrubs in wooden tubs, everything is quite natural and has no clear boundaries. Clay pots, wooden buckets or a trough act as decor.
Country style Chinese style
Landscape design in the Chinese style is, first of all, the unity of the principles of the ancient culture of Feng Shui and modern achievements in landscape design. All components of the design should be located in their place according to the cardinal points. The basic rules are naturalness, splendor and beauty. Since, according to Chinese signs, red is a symbol of life and good luck, as well as wealth and glory, it is easy to assume that a garden plot would be simply unthinkable without plants of different shades of red. One of the central places will be given to a pond with lotuses, a small bamboo bridge is an obligatory attribute.
Chinese style A good option for choosing trees will be willow, peach or plum trees. Their number should be moderate so that they do not stand out too much and do not cover the main elements of landscape decoration. And of course, the main component of the overall picture has always been, is and will be - with a curved roof, built in the traditional Chinese style, which the inhabitants of the East call "the eyes of the garden."
mediterranean current
The main condition is the preservation of sophistication, but at the same time simplicity and nobility. The Mediterranean style in landscape design suggests the presence of "living" fences, consisting of shrubs, beautiful rose gardens, meadows with herbs and fruit trees.
mediterranean style As in other style directions, the construction of some water components, for example, a fountain, a stream or a waterfall, will not be superfluous. In some cases, to achieve completeness and maximum compliance with the chosen style, it is recommended to build a gazebo, preferably where there are many trees. It can be decorated with flowerpots and provide a path leading to a water feature.
Consultation with an expert on choosing a style (video)
So, as you can see, the styles of landscape design are diverse and unique. And these are just some of them, in fact, there are a lot of them, for every taste. The main thing to remember is that a wise choice and the right approach is the key to making dreams come true!
Any owner of a personal plot of land, whether it be a summer cottage or a full-fledged country house, wants his plot to become that unique and wonderful place where it is pleasant to be and where you can feel really good.
Perhaps this article will help you understand the styles of landscape design and choose the style that suits you. The landscape design styles presented in this article are the most popular in the world, and therefore, it is likely that you will find inspiration in the photos presented.
Modern style in landscape design.
What we call modern style in landscape design is actually a trend that began in the 50s and 60s of the last century. The modern style is based on simple geometry and linear designs.
Modern design, despite the simplicity of forms, is quite elegant and refined. The garden, designed in a modern style, is a well-organized space. The focus in such a garden is on large and small forms - buildings or furniture, and not on plants. In the modern style of landscape design, flowering plants are practically not used. The mood is created not through flowers, but thanks to multi-colored decorative elements - pillows, flower pots and more.
The basis of modern style is the creation of contrast. For example, a large concentration of green grass against the background of an ordinary concrete wall or simple plain garden furniture with very bright pillows. When creating contrast, don't overdo it. Pick two or three spots in your yard and add one contrasting element to each spot.
Tuscan style in landscape design.
Tuscan gardens are known for their impressive design. These gardens have inspired us throughout the ages, starting with Renaissance gardens. They have their own identity. Of course, creating a Tuscan-style landscape in the middle lane is very difficult, but you can at least convey its mood.
Tuscan style in landscape design is closely related to agriculture. Tuscan gardens are often surrounded by vineyards and olive trees, and grow herbs that are used as spices in the kitchen. If your climate allows, be sure to plant citrus plants in pallets in your Tuscan-style garden.
In a Tuscan garden, there must be a relaxation area in the form of a gazebo, where a friendly company can gather. There are many benches in the Tuscan landscape. A Tuscan garden does not have to look perfectly manicured, the plants in it grow naturally. There are no plants that require special care. For the same reason, the Tuscan style of landscape design is not characterized by the presence of lawns. 
Country style in landscape design.
The country style originates from the famous English gardens of the 1600s. This style is ideal for summer cottages and farmhouses, it blends perfectly with rustic architecture. Country-style landscapes were originally designed for practical use. Country style in landscape design implies the presence of beehives, fruit trees, vegetables and herbs. Country-style flowers are used only as an addition.
Plants are the basis of country style in landscape design, and not decorative elements, as, for example, in the modern style of landscape design. Country style is characterized by the presence of small open areas hidden among lush vegetation. In the open area you can place a gazebo. The gazebo should be placed away from the house, which will provide a sense of mystery to everyone relaxing in your garden.
The country style is characterized by the presence of sinuous. Geometric shapes, straight perfect lines, and even symmetrical curves are not typical of this landscape style. Better pay attention to the combination of flowers in the garden. Country style in landscape design has a deep charm and extraordinary character.
Features of country style in landscape design.
English landscape style
The English style in landscape design is an attempt to move away from the French regular style that has reigned in Europe for a long time with its ideal forms to a simpler and freer style. However, it should be said that in an English garden, as in a French regular one, there is always a perfectly manicured lawn.
A feature of the English style in landscape design is the mandatory presence of a pond or lake on the site. In English gardens there are always trees and shrubs. Initially, English gardens were very large in area, but today, even in a small summer cottage, you can successfully imitate the English style.
Elements of an English garden:
Xeriscape in landscape design.
Xeriscape is a special style in landscape design. It is designed for difficult areas with not very favorable conditions, and, in particular, with a lack of moisture - with dry soils. The basis for creating a xeriscape landscape is the selection of unpretentious drought-resistant plants. Xeriscaping is an effective way to save money by using less water. So, for example, it is estimated that eliminating the use of the lawn reduces the cost of water required to irrigate the site by approximately 80%.
But keep in mind that you will be able to save on water only in the third year. In the first two summers, a xeriscape site needs thorough watering at regular intervals to allow the plants to develop deep root systems. Xeriscape is more than a style, it is the idea of sustainable use of water. Usually people opt for xeriscaping not so much in order to save money, but in terms of saving natural resources, so landscapes in this style, in principle, are not characterized by the presence of irrigation installations. Barrels are installed on the plots to collect rainwater, which is used for irrigation.
Mediterranean style in landscape design
Peculiar variations of the Mediterranean style are Tuscan and Spanish styles are also described in this article. Dreaming of a vacation on the Mediterranean coast - recreate the beauty of the Mediterranean landscape in your own backyard.
A feature of the Mediterranean landscape is that many aromatic herbs grow here. Lavender is the minimum task. When recreating the Mediterranean style of the landscape in your summer cottage, make sure that among the selected plants there are a lot of fragrant herbs, as well as herbs that are also spices - melissa, etc. Another idea - in a Mediterranean-style garden, you can organize a place for the Italian game of bocce .
Colonial style - photo and description.
The colonial style of landscape design dates back to when the first British settlers established colonies in North America. The settlers began to lead a new way of life and created a special style of landscape design - the colonial style. This style is based not on high aesthetics, but on practicality as the basis of survival. There are not many plantings for ornamental purposes in the colonial landscape. The color palette is pastel.
Colonial gardens have 3 territories. The first is intended for practical use, there are agricultural buildings. The second is reminiscent of our orchard. The third is a garden of herbs and vegetables, in other words, a vegetable garden. Everything is like ours))). The colonial style is characterized by straight and symmetrical paths - between flower beds. Colonial landscapes, like architecture, are symmetrical and often break into square zones with paths between them.
Cape Cod Style
Cape Cod, a cape in eastern Massachusetts, is the birthplace of the Cape Cod style that has spread throughout the country and then the world. Houses in this style merge with the landscape, as they are painted in natural colors, however, they are distinguished by their charm. Cape Cod landscapes are simple and graceful.
There are not many plants here, or rather, not more than you need in order to feel like in a garden. Cape Cod uses flowers in containers and bushes of lush greenery. There are not many flowers - they are used as an accent for greenery. White flowers are welcome, which go well with greenery and white fences.
coastal style
Coastal gardens are one of the few that are based not on creating beauty, but on emphasizing what is. The coastal landscapes are simple, their design enhances the natural beauty of their location. Coastal gardens vary in size but are always relaxing in their simplicity. Natural beauty is emphasized by mass plantings of herbs and shrubs. Shrubs are the basis of the coastal style.
A mandatory element of a coastal-style garden is the presence of a patio with wicker chairs or benches. The use of light colors in small architectural forms is the basis of the style, so light granite and sand are ideal for decorating winding paths. Regardless of your location, the waterside garden is guaranteed to provide you with a peaceful place to unwind, a great place to unwind and read a book.
Spanish style - photo and description
The Spanish style in landscape design has been greatly influenced by Islamic, Persian and Moorish traditions in landscape design. Originating in Spain, this style is now popular all over the world, especially in areas with a similar hot and dry climate. The Spanish style of landscape design perfected the principle of dividing space and creating closed areas. Patios, terraces overlooking the landscape, fountains - all these are features of the Spanish style.
The Spanish landscape must have water. Fountains and the use of water are extremely important features in the Spanish style. Yards – designed down to the smallest detail. Decorative ponds of the correct geometric shape with symmetrical flower beds around can replace fountains. Symmetry is one of the main elements of the Spanish garden.
Drought-resistant plants form the basis of the Spanish landscape. Ceramic tiles are widely used, with the help of which almost any small architectural forms and design elements are created, such as: built-in benches, fountains, ponds, retaining walls, paths, and so on. Large terracotta pots with bright blue glaze are also a must-have decor item.
I hope this short guide to landscape design styles has helped you decide on the style for your summer cottage, and the photos and description of the styles have sent your creativity in the right direction. Good luck in creating beauty!
Landscape design is the activity of creating a beautiful and comfortable environment in various areas, as a rule, outside the dwelling - in a garden, in a park, in a recreation area, etc. The purpose of this activity is to create aesthetics and harmony of natural and man-made forms. Landscaping provides truly limitless opportunities for creativity and allows you to fabulously transform even a modest personal plot. In this short article, get acquainted with the main components of landscape design and terminology.
Landscaping styles
The main types of landscape design:
Within each design direction, different styles have developed that differ in the forms and elements used, materials and preferred plants. Currently, there are many style directions in modern landscape design, for example:
other.
Within each style, certain rules for the selection of individual design elements and their combination are expected to be observed. A detailed description of each of the listed styles can be found on our website at the appropriate links above.
The main components of landscape design
The choice of elements depends on the size of the site, the aesthetic preferences of the designer and the style direction.
Large forms: trees and shrubs
To create relatively large elements, shrubs and trees (both ordinary and dwarf) are used, which can be composed of:
- alleys - even rows of plants along the path;
- hedges - rows of closely planted shrubs;
- plantings of bouquet and nesting type - a group of several plants planted in a circle;
- borders - framing individual sections with the help of undersized densely planted shrubs;
- tapeworms - separately planted shrubs or trees of especially valuable species;
- backstage - a continuous row of trees or shrubs that limit the view of the distant perspective;
- labyrinths - high hedges, forming a system of intricate paths;
- topiary - small-leaved shrubs and trees, the crown of which has a bizarre shape due to curly haircut.
All of these elements are most characteristic of a regular look design.
Space for imagination: flowers and cereals
— an integral element of the garden, it serves as a wonderful green or colored background for other objects.
Flowers are the brightest element of landscape design. There are certain ways to organize flowers in flower beds and flower beds, allowing you to most fully reveal their beauty.
- - planting flowers, forming a certain geometric shape along the contour and area;
- arabesque - a flower bed of an unusual, intricate shape;
- - bordering strip of flowers;
- monogarden - a plot on which one specific type of flower is grown (rosary, gladularium, syringarium, dahliarium);
- border - a narrow row of flowers of the same species along the edge of a hedge;
- - a border made up of flowers, different in appearance, color and height.
Romantic fleur: ampelous plants
Plants grown in hanging bowls and planters are called ampelous. As a rule, they have stems hanging down, or vice versa, rising up along the supports. Their use is a spectacular method of vertical gardening. With their help create and decorate:
- pergolas (canopies) and arches - to decorate the entrance to the garden;
- trellis and trellises - as green walls and partitions that allow zoning the space;
- gazebos, sheds, verandas - climbing plants on their walls create a romantic image.
Small architectural forms
Small architectural forms (abbreviated MAF) include.
Landscaping is nothing more than a combination of building architecture, horticulture and landscaping. This is a kind of art, the main direction of which is to achieve aesthetics and harmony in the forms of the urban and suburban green environment. This is achieved through the use of various kinds of construction and other types of work, such as leveling the site by carrying out appropriate land work, installation of landscape architectural products - fountains, benches, statues, etc., landscaping work. Like other areas of design, landscape design also has its own styles, which we will discuss below.
There are two main types of landscape design: the regular style of landscape design (classic style) and the landscape style.
The features of the regular style of landscape design are such that they contain lawns of a large area, paths and paths are decorated in rectilinear forms, there are ceremonial flower beds, and trees and shrubs alternate.
The landscape style of landscape design is such that it imitates the natural landscape, which means that green spaces are planted randomly, winding paths and large lawns and flower beds are completely absent, great preference is given to water objects, like artificial reservoirs.
Landscaping styles
The decoration of the land occurs with the use of various materials laid in a certain position and sequence. Landscape decor, its totality, which includes architectural landscape decor and green decor, which is placed on the land, depending on its type and density on the site, is determined by the style of landscape design.
To date, there are 13 main ones, which are used in the improvement of all types of land, including the improvement of the palace plot, the improvement of the estate of a private house, the improvement of the garden and the improvement of other types of land. Consider them:
- german garden style;
- the American dream;
- Japanese garden style;
- garden style stones.
Landscape design styles differ from each other in many ways, for example, elements for decorating a site in the Japanese style are based on compositions from different types of natural stones, while classical and English styles are based on stucco decoration and architectural landscape elements, like fountains. and statues.
In the "Landscape Design" section of our website, articles will appear with descriptions of each of the above types of landscape design, and a lot of interesting things will be said about landscape design materials, greenery for landscape design, etc.
Throughout the history of the development of gardening art in different countries of the world, their own unique types of gardens and styles of their design have been formed. Despite the fact that some of them have lost their original features by our time, their basic concept and principles of organization to this day are a source of inspiration for landscape designers designing modern backyard territories.
The main types of gardens and their design styles
In landscape design, two main, basic principles are distinguished, in accordance with which the future image of a landscaped area is formed - these are the so-called formal (regular) and landscape (landscape) styles.
It is noteworthy that all these elements in the overall composition are combined in such a way that the visitor is not able to immediately capture the entire territory of the park with a glance, but could admire the opening views while walking through its isolated spaces - “green rooms”, pavilions, courtyards and halls. .
Dutch gardens
They can be considered a model of efficient and maximally rational use of space. Most of them are characterized by the features of a formal style: here you can observe the same strict symmetry, thoughtful arrangement of geometric elements and shapes. However, in some variations of the design of Dutch gardens there is a pronounced landscape style, along with which there is an efficient use of space and light.
This trend is explained quite simply: The Netherlands is one of the most densely populated European countries, so the area of the local territories is usually small and requires a professional approach to its organization and arrangement.
A distinctive feature is the abundance of flowers - tulips, snowdrops, daffodils. A striking example here is the world-famous Royal Flower Park in the Netherlands.
English landscape gardens
They belong to one of the oldest trends in landscape gardening art. Formed for the first time in England at the beginning of the 18th century, this landscape style began to actively spread throughout Europe, displacing the previously more popular formal direction “à la française”, which was used as the main style in European gardening at that time.
French landscape, formed under the influence of the English landscape style (Ermenonville Park);
The French Renaissance is the forerunner of the French formal style, which arose on the basis of the principles of the Italian Renaissance (Chateau Ambleville castle with parks in the spirit of the Italian Renaissance).
Italian gardens
Stylistically based on the use of symmetry and strict geometry. It was this direction that had a tremendous impact on the formation of the concept of English and French gardens, and on the history of landscape art in general. A significant role in this was played by the Renaissance, during which the landscape gardening areas in Italy began to expand, acquiring a more pronounced geometricity and symmetry in their appearance.
Until the Renaissance, the medieval Italian garden was enclosed in solid wall insulation and served exclusively as a place for growing fruits, vegetables and medicinal herbs, or, in the example of monastic gardens, for spending time in prayer and meditation. Figuratively speaking, with the onset of the Renaissance, the wall between the garden and the landscape outside was destroyed, and fountains, antique sculptures, water objects began to appear in the territories - everything that was designed to delight and surprise.
As an example of such a landscape organization, one can cite the palace and park complex Palazzo e Giardino Giusti (Giusti Park) in the east of Verona, built back in the 16th century, and to this day is considered one of the best examples of Italian garden and park art.
Japanese gardens
A group that includes such traditional types of gardens and private parks as:
stone lanterns;
Tsukubai - small stone pools, mainly for ritual purposes;
Fences, barriers, various devices and devices (shishi-odoshi, etc.);
Trees and flowers (azaleas, camellias, ginkgo, Japanese cedar, sakura, bamboo, willow, Japanese cypress, etc.);
Live fish - mainly multi-colored koi (so-called "brocade carps") are common in Japan.
As examples that clearly demonstrate the canons of the Japanese style in landscape design, one should cite such well-known parks as:
Kenroku-en (Kanazawa);
Koraku-en (Okayama);
Kairaku-en (Mito).
Korean garden style
They are another example of using the principles of landscape design style. Initially (like Japanese ones) formed under the influence of Chinese trends in landscape design, they eventually acquired their own unique character, filled with elements of Korean culture and traditions.
The classic type of landscape gardening in Korea is characterized by such details as:
Evergreen trees and plants - mainly Korean cedar and bamboo;
Natural streams, waterfalls;
It is noteworthy that in the organization of such landscapes, both formal and landscape style techniques can be used.
The most famous example of a traditional Persian garden is the park at the mausoleum-mosque of the Taj Mahal, located in Agra (India). Despite the fact that this historical and cultural object is located outside of Iran, its organization clearly demonstrates the main canons of a special planning style characteristic of Persian gardens - the so-called. "charbag" ("chaharbag"). This style of landscape design provides for the division of space into four rectangular parts, separated by paths or channels with running water.
Spanish gardens
Separate, independent direction. Having largely adopted the features inherent in Persian, Islamic and Roman styles, this type of garden has acquired its own unique character over time and gained popularity in different parts of the world - primarily in countries with a hot and dry climate.
An interesting feature of the organization of most gardens in the Spanish style is the use of numerous techniques and heterogeneous elements aimed at activating the human senses (hearing, smell, touch, etc.). Thus, in the arrangement of territories subordinate to this direction, the following are used:
Small multi-level fountains with bubbling water;
Fragrant flowers and fragrant herbs;
Fruit trees;
Artificial ponds, etc. "reflecting" pools;
Objects that provide shade and coolness: arcades (a continuous series of equal arches), pergolas, trellises, garden pavilions;
Drip irrigation systems that provide freshness and humidity.
The use of symmetry in the improvement of territories subordinate to this direction is one of the basic principles of the original Spanish style. Good examples of its implementation are well-known historical and cultural sites - such as the Generalife - the former residence of the emirs of the Nasrid dynasty who ruled Granada, Maria Luisa Park in Seville, Seville Alcazar.