A method of obtaining water from air. Water from Air: How Atmospheric Water Generators Work Extracting Air from Water
Inventor's name: Ladygin A.V.
Name of the patent holder: Limited Liability Company "Adequate Technologies"
Address for correspondence: 119435, Moscow, Novodevichy pr-d, 2, apt. 70, Ladygin A.V.
Start date of the patent: 1999.08.05
The invention relates to methods for autonomous production of fresh water of drinking quality from the moisture of the surrounding atmospheric air and can be used in everyday life and for the needs of the national economy. The technical result of the invention is the production of fresh water in the absence or inaccessibility of its traditional sources. The method consists in forming an air stream containing water vapor, artificially cooling the air stream and condensing the water vapor. The resulting fresh water-condensate is fed into the water collection tank, and the cooled air is fed to the condenser to ensure the operating mode of the refrigeration device. The formed air flow is passed through the air intake filter in ambient conditions with relative humidity from 70 to 100% and temperature from +15 to +50 o C, and then through an electrostatic field. The resulting cooled air is fed through the connecting skirt to the condenser radiator, while the volume of air passing through the radiator under the condition of 20 g of moisture per 1 m 3 of air and the average daily productivity of the installation up to 250 l / day lies in the range of 12-13 thousand m 3 per day.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to methods for the autonomous production of fresh water of drinking quality from the moisture of the surrounding atmospheric air and can be used in everyday life to meet the needs of the population in purified drinking water, as well as for the needs of the national economy in its industrial use.
Currently, the problem of obtaining fresh water in the absence or inaccessibility of traditional sources is very relevant.
One of the possible methods of solving the problem is the condensation of water contained in the atmospheric air.
Thus, a method and apparatus for removing water from air is known, in which water is removed from the air by repeating a four-stage cycle. In the first stage, the heat storage condenser is cooled with cold air supplied from outside, and the hygroscopicity increasing agent is moistened. At the second stage, water is removed from said reagent with a jet of air heated by solar radiation and brought to the heat storage condenser. In the third stage, the additional heat storage condenser is cooled with outside air, and the hygroscopicity increasing agent is moistened. At the fourth stage, water is removed from the specified reagent with air heated by solar energy /French patent N 2464337, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1981/.
Without belittling the merits of this method and the device for its implementation, however, it is necessary to note its more complex implementation.
A known method and device for extracting water from atmospheric air, one of which is an air-water generator according to US patent N 5203989 class. E 03 B 3/28, 1987.
According to this patent, an air stream containing water vapor is formed, it is cooled to a temperature below the dew point, the water vapor is condensed into water, and the dehydrated air is released into the atmosphere.
The known device contains a housing in which a refrigerating machine and a means of transporting an air flow are installed. The lower part of the housing is in communication with the condensate collector.
When pumping a stream of atmospheric air containing water vapor, they condense on the cooling element of the refrigeration machine and simultaneously cool the air stream that is released into the atmosphere.
The known method and device are characterized by low efficiency in the use of the refrigeration capacity of the refrigeration machine, since only a small part of it is used to condense water vapor, especially at low air humidity. At the same time, most of the cooling capacity is spent on cooling the dehydrated air emitted into the atmosphere.
A known method of extracting water from air /WO, 93/04764, cl. E 03 B 3/28, 1993/, consisting in the fact that they form an air stream containing water vapor, carry out artificial cooling of the air stream in one section of the second stream, organize heat transfer between parts of the air stream located on both sides of the artificial cooling section, condense water vapor in that part of the air stream, the temperature of which is below the dew point, and emit dehydrated air into the atmosphere.
In the known method, a single pre-cooling of the incoming air flow by the outgoing air is carried out, which makes it possible to improve the efficiency of using the cooling capacity of the refrigeration machine.
At the same time, the complex trajectory of the air flow creates a large gas-dynamic resistance.
Known installation for obtaining fresh water from moist air, which uses solar energy /DE 3313711, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1984/.
Due to the electricity received from solar panels, the refrigeration unit produces cold, which is released on the evaporator heat exchanger. Humid air is blown through the duct in which the evaporator is located with the help of a fan. As a result of contact with the surface of the heat exchanger-evaporator, the air cools, the vapor contained in it becomes saturated, partially condenses on the surface of the heat exchanger and flows into the water collector.
The disadvantages of this installation are high energy consumption and low productivity.
Known installation, which is the accumulation of cold for use at night /EP 0430838, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1991/.
During daylight hours, electricity from solar panels is supplied to the refrigeration unit, which produces cold. With the help of a valve, the refrigeration unit is connected to a thermally insulated container. The liquid in it is pumped through the refrigeration unit with the help of a hydraulic pump and cooled, as a result, cold accumulates in a thermally insulated container. Then the thermally insulated container is disconnected from the refrigeration unit with the help of a valve and connected to the heat exchanger-condenser. When the air humidity reaches a value close to 100%, the hydraulic pump and fan are switched on. With their help, cold liquid and moist air are passed through the condenser. The water vapor contained in the air condenses on its surface, and the droplets in it are captured by the droplet eliminator and the trapped moisture flows into the water collector.
The disadvantage of this installation is the need for energy consumption and the lack of autonomy during operation of the installation.
A device for obtaining fresh water is known, containing a heat exchange surface on which moisture from the outside atmospheric air condenses and the precipitated condensate is collected in a vessel for collecting condensate. The device contains a wind energy generator for driving a circulation plant that removes heat. The heat exchange surface and the wind power generator are located on a floating support structure. The circulation unit that removes heat has a heat exchanger located at a certain distance below the surface of the water to use the cold of the deep layers of water / application of the Federal Republic of Germany N 3319975, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1984/.
The disadvantage of this device is the presence of a wind power generator, which leads to the complexity of the design and reduces the reliability of the operation, complicates maintenance. The use of a closed cooling water circulation system and the location of the heat exchanger within the immersion depth of the floating support structure does not allow for cooling the circulating water to low temperatures, which reduces the efficiency of the device as a whole and does not allow for its high performance.
A device for condensation of dew is known, containing a support on which the condensing surface is located. The surface is electrically isolated from the ground, which ensures the creation of an electrostatic charge on the surface. Under certain climatic conditions, moisture in the air condenses on the surface. There is a collector into which condensate flows from the surface, as well as a device for pumping condensate into a tank. In one of the designs, the condensing surface is made in the form of a vertical metal sheet, and the collector is a channel along the edge of the sheet. The sheet can be rotated around the support for windward installation. In another design, the condensing surface is in the form of an inverted cone divided into triangular segments. The surface area can be increased by ribs. The tank, which can be installed underground, may have a plastic bag made of a permeable material. The bag is put on the lower end of the condensate supply pipe from the collection / GB 1603661, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1981/.
However, this device is not efficient enough in operation due to its large metal consumption.
The closest technical solution to the claimed one in terms of the combination of features is a method for obtaining water from air, which consists in the fact that an air stream containing water vapor is formed, the air stream is artificially cooled, the water vapor is condensed, and the resulting fresh water-condensate is fed into a container for water collection /RU 2081256, class. E 03 B 3/28, 1997/.
Without detracting from the dignity of the nearest method and device for its implementation, the claimed method is still the most industrially applicable, since it has a number of advantages compared to known traditional methods and installations for their implementation for obtaining water from air, namely:
Gives water of high (rain) quality, which can be stored for a long time;
Provides environmentally friendly operation;
The installation for implementing the method is transportable, simple and durable in operation, has a weight of 60 kg, small dimensions and cost.
The objective of the invention is to obtain fresh water in the absence or inaccessibility of traditional sources of condensation of water contained in the atmospheric air.
The problem is solved due to the fact that in the method of obtaining water from air, which consists in the fact that an air stream containing water vapor is formed, the air stream is artificially cooled, the water vapor is condensed and the resulting fresh water-condensate is fed into a collection tank water, and the cooled air - to the condenser to ensure the operation of the refrigeration device, the formed air flow is passed through the air intake filter in ambient conditions with a relative humidity of 70 to 100% and a temperature of +15 to +50 o C, and then through an electrostatic field the resulting cooled air is fed through the connecting skirt to the condenser radiator, while the volume of air passing through the radiator under the condition of 20 g of moisture per 1 m 3 of air and the average daily productivity of the installation up to 250 l / day lies in the range of 12-13 thousand m 3 per day.
The method is implemented as follows: forcibly, for example, by a fan, a stream of atmospheric air containing water vapor is formed, which, after passing through the air intake filter and an electrostatic field with an electric field strength of E=1.5 V, enters the condenser, where it is cooled below the dew point. The resulting fresh water-condensate flows down the tray into a container for collecting water. The cooled air is supplied through the connecting skirt to the condenser radiator to ensure the operation of the refrigeration unit.
The normal operation of the method for obtaining water from air occurs under the following basic environmental conditions:
Relative humidity from 70 to 100%;
Temperature from +15 to +50 o C.
It is more efficient to obtain water from the air in an environment with high absolute humidity and a significant daily temperature difference.
The limiting (non-working) conditions of the method for extracting water from air and the installation for implementing the method, under which its operation must be terminated, are:
Lowering the ambient temperature below +15 o C;
Increasing the ambient temperature above +50 o C;
Reducing the humidity of the ambient air below 70% at +20 o C;
Increasing the dust content of the ambient air over 0.5 g/m 3 ;
The deviation of the capacitor housing from the vertical at an angle of more than 5 o.
If the method of extracting water occurs directly by the sea, in a coniferous forest or in a flower meadow, then the resulting water will have healing properties.
The mineralization of the resulting water is achieved in two ways. Simple mineralization - by placing a piece of limestone in a pan or container to collect water, replacing the limestone every five years. Complex mineralization (to create a programmable mineral composition) - by introducing a microprocessor and salt containers into the design.
CLAIM
A method for obtaining water from air, which consists in the fact that an air stream containing water vapor is formed, an artificial cooling of the air stream is carried out, water vapor is condensed and the resulting fresh water-condensate is fed into a water collection tank, and the cooled air is fed to the condenser to ensure the operating mode of the refrigeration device, characterized in that the generated air flow is passed through the air intake filter in ambient conditions with a relative humidity of 70 to 100% and a temperature of +15 to +50 o C, and then through an electrostatic field, the resulting cooled air through the connecting skirt is fed to the condenser radiator, while the volume of air passing through the radiator under the condition of 20 g of moisture per 1 m 3 of air and the average daily productivity of the installation up to 250 l / day lies in the range of 12 - 13 thousand m 3 per day.
Getting water from air using the hypercondensation effect is a very simple, reliable, inexpensive and efficient technology. For the functioning of the water production plant, no energy sources are needed. The installation uses only solar energy from the Sun itself. The water receiving unit operates on the “set it and forget it” principle. The installation with a capacity of 1500 liters per day occupies a plot of land illuminated by the sun, 3x3 meters in size. In the city, it can be placed on the roof of a residential building,
The technology is awaiting funding!
Description:
Getting water from the air with minimal energy costs, or even without them at all, is a promising technology.
The existing generators of water from the atmosphere have a number of significant drawbacks: they are expensive, have low productivity, and are unable to meet the growing demand for water due to population growth, industrial and agricultural production. But they are used because there are no better devices. New sources of clean water are needed that do not have these shortcomings. One of these new sources of water production are installations that extract water from the atmosphere using the effect of hypercondensation.
The principle of water condensation from air containing it in the form of vapor is well known. Thanks to solar energy, this process is many times increased. The effect is called hypercondensation.
Installations created on this principle are simple in design, do not have moving parts and assemblies, which means there is nothing to break in them, they receive water from the air without using any traditional and familiar energy sources.Installations use and convert energy received from the Sun to produce water! They do not need fuel or electricity to operate. are also not used.
These units do not require maintenance and repairs and can operate completely autonomously, with high productivity for decades in a row, all year round in deserts and hot climates and in the warm season in mid-latitudes.
Ideal conditions for the most productive operation of plants are high humidity and sunlight. Such conditions are most suitable for the coastal regions of the planet between 50 parallels of northern and southern latitudes. But the installations will work perfectly in the conditions of the Libyan desert, one of the driest places on the planet, where the relative humidity does not exceed 35%.
The designed fresh water plants have several options for modular design and capacity: from 1,500 to 125,000 liters of water per day. Water is comparable in quality to spring water, does not require any additional purification and is completely ready for use, as well as for packaging for further storage and transportation.
Advantages:
– no energy sources are needed for the operation of the water production plant,
– the installation uses only solar energy from the sun itself,
- the installation for obtaining water from air occupies a small area. To accommodate and operate the installation with a capacity of 1500 liters per day, an unshaded piece of land illuminated by the sun, only 3x3 meters in size, is needed. In the city, it can be placed on the roof of a residential building, 
– the service life of the plant operating on the principle of hypercondensation is at least 25 years,
– the installation operates on the principle of “set it and forget it”,
– installations operating on the principle of hypercondensation do not have movable units and assemblies, which means there is nothing to break in them,
– the units do not require maintenance and repair and can operate completely autonomously,
– low installation cost.
Note: © Photo https://www.pexels.com.
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Demand rate 1 538
N. KHOLIN, professor, G. SHENDRIKOV, engineer
Rice. I. KALEDINA and N. RUSHEV
Technique of youth No. 7 1957.
underground rain
The summer sun is mercilessly scorching and sultry winds are blowing.
The soil is so dry that it is covered with a dense network of deep cracks. The plants have lowered their leaves, they clearly do not have enough moisture.
Where water is close, people water the land. But try to get her drunk when there is no large body of water nearby.
But surface watering is accompanied by a number of negative aspects, as a result of which the vital activity of the plant is disrupted. The upper layer is strongly waterlogged and at the same time air access to the lower layers of the soil is stopped, the beneficial activity of microorganisms is reduced. For the development of weeds and pests, such irrigation creates especially favorable conditions. Harmful salts are deposited on the surface of the soil, a crust is formed. And then, when the soil is loosened, its structure worsens, the roots are damaged. In addition, a lot of water is lost to evaporation and filtration.
Therefore, work has been underway for a long time to create such an irrigation method, in which moisture would fall immediately to the roots of plants.
Various systems were tested, but all of them were not widely used, as they were imperfect. In some cases, irrigation facilities turned out to be complex and very expensive, in others they did not meet agrotechnical requirements.
Once the authors of this article designed a very simple and convenient hydrodrill for injecting a clay solution into the soil. This hydraulic drill is a piece of a water pipe, at the end of which a nozzle with an automatically operating shutter is fixed. A hose is attached to the pipe, through which water is supplied from any machine with a pump and a container (sprayers, tankers, etc.) or a pipeline under pressure. The principle of its operation is based not on the rotation of the working body and not on the destruction of the soil, but on its erosion. When the hydraulic drill is turned on, the water itself opens the shutter and erodes the soil. The worker presses lightly on the pipe, and the hydraulic drill very easily, in a few seconds, deepens into the soil by 60-100 cm. The particles washed out at the same time are washed with water into the pores of the soil.
And with the help of this simple tool, several million vineyard bushes were once saved from death.
It was so. Last summer, everything in Crimea was suffocated by drought. Young vineyards on an area of more than 15 thousand hectares were on the verge of death, since there was no moisture available for plants in the soil. The leaves of the plants began to wither and turn yellow. To save them during surface irrigation, it was necessary to pour at least 500-800 cubic meters per hectare. m of water. But where to get it in such quantity in the drying up steppe? Agronomist D. Kovalenko, who worked as deputy head of the Crimean Regional Department of Agriculture, suggested that each grape bush should be given at least 3-4 liters of water. But do not pour it on the surface of the soil, as is usually done, but apply water directly to the roots. For this purpose, our hydraulic drill was used.
In tank trucks, sprayers from afar carried water to vineyards. Rubber hoses of hydraulic drills were attached to them and a modest ration of water was supplied to a depth of 60 cm. A few days later, the bushes revived, the leaves straightened out. The drought has been defeated. It was possible not only to save the plants, but they even began to develop rapidly. Against the backdrop of faded vegetation, it seemed a miracle.
Readers may have a question: “Is it really enough four liters of water to drink a large bush of grapes for the whole summer?” The same question at one time arose among specialists in land irrigation.
Back in October 1954, in the Odessa region, we carried out the following experiments: with a hydraulic drill, we fed 5 liters of water into wells to a depth of 60 cm. After that, several sections of the soil were made along the axis of the well. In one of them, made after 12 hours, there was four times more water than was poured into it. And in the section made after 48 hours, it became even more.
Where did she come from?
Scientists have long observed a similar phenomenon in nature. The most prominent Soviet soil scientist and meliorator, Academician A.N. Kostyakov, wrote: “We should especially note the problem of subsoil condensation irrigation, which should be based on any intensification of condensation processes in active soil layers of vaporous moisture contained in atmospheric and soil air, and the use of these processes for soil moisture.Our experience clearly confirmed the statements of the scientist. The increase in moisture in the wells cut by us occurred due to the condensation of water vapor in the moistened and, consequently, cooled area of the soil. In our opinion, the same phenomenon occurred during the watering of the Crimean vineyards in the exceptionally dry year of 1957, when no more than 4 liters of water were poured under a bush on average.
Rivers flow over the earth
An exact explanation of all the phenomena associated with the condensation of air vapor in the soil has not yet been given. The most significant works in this area include the works of the Soviet professor VV Tugarinov. The scientist throughout his life dealt with the issue of obtaining water from the air in those areas where people, animals and plants lack it. Huge masses of moisture are carried in the air. It has been calculated that in the central zone of the USSR over a section 100 km long, with a wind speed of 5 m/sec, so much water is carried in one day that a lake 10 km long, 5 km wide and 60 m deep could be formed from it. hotter. areas in such a space it will be even more. But it still remains inaccessible to either animals or plants. Only sometimes in the morning on the soil an insignificant amount of it condenses and falls in the form of dew, which then quickly evaporates.Is it possible to make water vapor in the atmosphere turn into water?
Professor Tugarinov proved that this is quite feasible. In 1936, on the territory of the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev, he built an interesting installation, which was a small sandy hill 6 m high. A vertical shaft was arranged in this hill, connected to two slightly inclined pipes. After several years of hard work, the scientist achieved a brilliant result: water began to ooze from the hill through the pipes. It was the more, the hotter the weather. In July, the amount of water reached its maximum. Physically, this phenomenon is quite understandable. Inside the hill, the temperature is lower than that of the surrounding air. On the surface of the colder particles of the soil from which the hill was composed, vapor condensation occurred - “dew” settled. As a result, the air pressure inside the hill also decreased, and outside warm air rushed there. More water accumulated, and it began to flow through the pipes. It turns out that water can be extracted from the air. And to extract in quantities sufficient even for irrigation of fields. If, for example, in the conditions of the Crimea it was possible to create a condensing surface with an area of one square kilometer, then in summer at a high temperature in 10 hours. it would be possible to obtain about 4,500 cubic meters. m of water. Unfortunately, at that time the scientist's idea was not supported.
Now the above-described method of using hydromechanization means makes it possible to implement Professor Tugarinov's ideas in a simpler and easier way. The soil itself becomes a moisture condenser here. A hydrodrill, on the other hand, creates channels in the soil through which air water vapor rushes into this natural condenser. In fact, the introduction of water through a hydrodrill is necessary only in order to create channels in the soil through which hot air rushes, and this causes the appearance of a kind of subsoil rain. In this way, a problem that many scientists have been trying to solve for a long time can be solved.
However, the use of a hydraulic drill is not limited to watering the soil.
It is known that the famous breeder Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin paid great attention to the deep feeding of plants. And it was no accident. With this method of feeding, the supply of nutrients occurs directly to the zone of active activity of the root system, due to which the yield increases by 1.5-2 times. But, despite the exceptional prospects of deep feeding, it was not possible to implement it on a large scale due to the high cost of work and low labor productivity.With the invention of the hydraulic drill, this task became solvable. Extensive experience in the use of hydraulic drills for deep feeding has shown that this is a very economical method. One person per day can drill several thousand wells with the simultaneous introduction of the required amount of feeding fluid into them. In addition, the use of hydraulic drills allows you to combine top dressing with deep irrigation.
The vineyard has a worst enemy - phylloxera. This is a very small insect that affects the root system of bushes. The plant becomes ill, begins to wither and eventually dies.
Previously, in order to get rid of this disease, vineyards infected with phylloxera had to be cut down and abandoned for several years. Hydrodrill made it possible to fight this terrible enemy. Pesticides are introduced into the soil in layers at different depths. Phylloxera dies from them, and the plants doomed to death fully recover and begin to bear fruit abundantly again.
But that's not all. In 1957, with the help of hydraulic drills, more than 25,000 hectares of vineyards were planted on the collective farms and state farms of the Odessa region. Within a few seconds, a well of a certain depth is drilled with a hydraulic drill. An earthen slurry is formed in it, into which a seedling or cutting is immersed. Simple, reliable and high performance!
The cost of planting vineyards with the help of a hydrodrill is four times cheaper, and the plants planted in this way take root better. Then they develop rapidly and begin to bear fruit earlier.
In conclusion, we would like to note that the hydraulic drill is already beginning to be used in other works: when draining swamps, when installing supports for vineyards, and when combating seepage and salinization of the soil. With the help of this simple device, it became possible to fulfill the dream of turning the desert lands of the Kara-Kum into flowering gardens. After all, the irrigation of cotton, vineyards, subtropical, essential oil and other plants cultivated there will require a very small amount of water, which can be obtained relatively easily even in the desert. It seems to us that the use of small hydromechanization in agriculture will help to successfully solve the problem of a significant increase in the yield of orchards, cotton, industrial crops, and many other agricultural plants.
Several wells with a depth of 0.5 - 0.6 m were drilled with a hydraulic drill. 5 liters of water were fed into each of them under a pressure of 2 atmospheres. After 12 hours, they excavated part of the wells in the form of a trench about a meter deep. The photo on the right shows well sections. The amount of moisture in the humidification zone after 12 hours. increased four times. On the left is a diagram of the distribution of water in the soil. When fluid is supplied by a hydraulic drill into the soil under high pressure, it rushes into the pores of the soil of the largest diameter, simultaneously expanding them. Numerous channels of various sections are created in the soil and its structure improves. These channels create good conditions for the movement of air currents and especially water vapor in the soil. The amount of condensation according to the formula derived by Professor V. V. Tugarinov depends on the difference in the elasticity of the vapors of the outside air and vapors near the condensing surface. If the difference in the elasticity of air vapor and soil vapor is one millimeter of mercury, under the condition of ideal passage of vapor in the soil, then due to condensation in one hour, 60 liters of water will be released in one cubic meter of soil.
TO THE GENERAL PIECE
(magazine "Homesteading")For many years I have been using a simple and convenient hydrodrill on my site, which I read about in the journal "Technology of Youth" (No. 7, 1958). Professor N. Khomin and engineer G. Shendrikov in the article “Water can be extracted from the air” told how, with the help of a hydraulic drill designed by them, a year before the publication of the article in the Crimea, several million grape bushes were saved. A young vineyard on an area of 15,000 hectares was dying from drought. A minimum of 500 or even 800 m3 of water (per 1 ha) was required, but there was none. But it was enough to apply only 3-4 liters of water directly to the roots of the plants with the help of a hydrodrill, as after a few days they not only “came to life”, but also began to develop rapidly.
The experiments carried out by the authors showed that if 5 liters of water are fed to a depth of 60 cm, then after 12 hours there will be several times more of it, because by introducing water, we create numerous channels underground where moisture will condense.
Under the action of water supplied to the hydraulic drill at a pressure of 1.5-2 atmospheres, it is buried to the desired depth.
When working with this device, you can not be limited to watering, but carry out deep feeding of plants, introduce chemicals to protect against phylloxera, drill a well in a few seconds, which is filled immediately with moisture, to plant a grape cutting.
A few words about the design of the hydraulic drill (see Fig.).
It consists of an inch pipe 1m long. A tip is screwed on the end. An inch tube 40 cm long is also welded across the other end of the pipe. One end of it is welded. Through the tap, water is supplied through the transverse tube, which enters the tip. This tube also serves as a handle.
The tip consists of a body and a cone fixed in the body with a figured washer. The cone, pressed against the body with a nut, blocks the feed; canal water. It can come out only through six grooves milled in the lower part of the body, against which the upper part of the cone is pressed.
Leaving the tip of the hydraulic drill, the water erodes the soil, and it sinks into the soil. After shutting off the tap, it is necessary to allow the remaining water to go outside, so that when lifting, the water remaining in the hydraulic drill would not wash away the soil from the walls of the well. Soil and rainwater do not enter the well, because I close it with a tin can, having previously made holes on its side wall. To supply, for example, a twenty-year-old fruit tree with moisture, it is enough for me to make 6-8 “shots”. The required pressure in the hydraulic drill was created using a Kharkov-made sprayer with a 50-liter tank. After... (Unfortunately, I don't have an ending).
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Operating principle
GV is a pyramidal frame with a moisture-absorbing filler. The pyramidal frame is formed by four posts pos. 3, welded to the base pos. 4, made of a metal corner.
A metal mesh pos. fifteen; from below to the base with the help of overlays pos. 6 a polyethylene pallet pos. 5 with a hole in the middle.
The inner space of the mesh frame is tightly (but without deformation of the walls) filled with a moisture-absorbing material. Outside, a transparent dome, pos. 1, which is fixed with four stretch marks pos. 8 and shock absorber pos. 14. HW has two working cycles: absorption of moisture from the air by the filler; evaporation of moisture from the filler with its subsequent condensation on the walls of the dome.
At sunset, the transparent dome is raised to provide air access to the filler; The fill absorbs moisture all night.
In the morning, the dome is lowered and sealed with a shock absorber; the sun evaporates moisture from the filler, the steam collects in the upper part of the pyramid, the condensate flows down the walls of the dome onto the tray and fills the container with water through the hole in it.
Making a water generator
Preparation for the manufacture of HV begins with the collection of the filler.
As a filler, scraps of newsprint are used; paper from newspapers should be taken free from typographic font in order to avoid contamination of the resulting water with lead compounds.
The work of collecting paper will take a lot of time, but during this time the remaining elements of the GW are made.
The base is welded from metal corners with shelf dimensions of 35x35 mm, four supports pos. 10 of the same corners and eight brackets pos. 13. The brackets are interconnected with steel bars pos. 17 length 930 mm. diameter 10 mm.
From above, a metal mesh with a mesh size of 15x15 mm is welded onto the shelves of the corners. mesh wire diameter 1.5-2 mm.
Four overlays pos. are cut out of the steel tape. 6. Holes with a diameter of 4.5 mm are drilled through the holes in the overlays in the corners of the base and threads are cut for the BM 5 screws; Then the base is installed in the place determined for the GW in the garden plot, vegetable garden, etc.
The place must be chosen so that the GW is not obscured by trees and buildings. After choosing the place of support, the base is fixed in the ground with cement mortar. It is allowed to weld support nickels with a diameter of 100 mm from a steel sheet 2 mm thick to the supports.
After that, four racks are welded alternately into the corners of the base square in such a way that the racks turned out to be 30 mm long in the center of the base at a height of approximately.
The material of the cross members is the same as that of the racks.
Then, a pallet pos. 5; the edges of the pallet, which will be under the overlays, are tucked to strengthen the attachment point. A round hole with a diameter of 70 mm is cut out in the center of the pallet - for water drainage. The edges of the holes can also be reinforced by welding on an additional polyethylene overlay.
Next, a mesh frame is fixed on the racks, which is a fine-meshed fishing net with a mesh size of 15x15 mm. The net is tied to the uprights and the edges of the metal mesh pallet using cotton tape like this. so that the net is taut between the racks.
It is also desirable to tie the net to the crossbars, dividing the internal volume of the pyramid into two compartments.
Before tying the net to the last rack, the compartments (starting from the top) of the resulting mesh frame are densely filled with crumpled scraps of newsprint. Filling should be done in such a way that there is no free space inside the pyramid and the protrusion of the mesh walls is minimal.
Then proceed to the manufacture of a transparent dome.
It is made of a polyethylene film, the cutting of which is carried out according to the drawing, pos. 1 and welded with a soldering iron along planes A, A1. The seam should be performed without overheating so that the polyethylene does not become brittle at the welding site.
To prevent violation of the integrity of the dome at the top of the pyramid, it is covered with a kind of polyethylene "cap" - fragment B according to the drawing, pos. 1. Then, after putting fragment B on the pyramid, carefully put the dome on the frame. Having straightened the dome, the edges of the planes C are welded together: a kind of roof is obtained.
Exploitation
At sunset, the transparent dome is tucked up to the level of the crossbars and fixed in this position with stretch marks, putting hooks on the rods pos. 17.
During the night, the paper absorbs moisture and, in the morning, the dome is lowered, fixing its lower edge on the base with a shock absorber.
During the day, the sun will heat the pyramid, the moisture from the paper will evaporate, the steam, as it cools, condenses on the walls into water, which flows down. Water is collected by substituting a container under a hole in a plastic pan.
At sunset, the cycle is repeated.
The lack of water is becoming one of the main factors hindering the development of civilization in many regions of the Earth. In the next 25-30 years, the world's fresh water reserves will be halved.
Over the past forty years, the amount of clean fresh water per person has decreased by almost 60%. As a result, today about two billion people in more than 80 countries suffer from a lack of drinking water.
And by 2025, the situation will worsen more, according to forecasts, more than three billion people will experience a lack of drinking water.
Only 3% of the Earth's fresh water is in rivers, lakes and soil, of which only 1% is easily accessible to humans. Despite the fact that the figure is small, this would be quite enough to fully satisfy human needs if all fresh water (namely this 1%) was distributed evenly over the places where people live.
Atmospheric air is a giant reservoir of moisture, and even in arid regions it usually contains more than 6-10 g of water per 1 m3. And 1 km3 of the surface layer of the atmosphere in hot, arid and desert regions of the Earth contains up to 20,000 tons of water vapor. The amount of water that is at any given moment in the Earth's atmosphere is 14 thousand km3, while in all river channels there is only 1.2 thousand km3. However, the weather and climatic conditions in these zones do not allow water vapor to reach saturation and fall out in the form of precipitation.
Every year, about 577 thousand cubic kilometers of water evaporate from the surface of the land and ocean, which then fall as precipitation. In this volume, the annual river runoff is only 7% of the total precipitation. Comparing the total amount of evaporating moisture and the amount of water in the atmosphere, we can conclude that during the year the water in the atmosphere is renewed 45 times.
A look into the past
In the history of mankind there are examples of extracting atmospheric moisture from the air, one of them is the wells built along the Great Silk Road, the greatest engineering and transport facility in the history of mankind. They were along the entire desert path at a distance of 12-15 km from each other. In each of them, the amount of water was enough to water a caravan of 150 - 200 camels.
In such a well, clean water was obtained from atmospheric air. Of course, the percentage of water vapor in the desert air is extremely small (less than 0.01% of the specific volume). But, thanks to the design of the well, thousands of cubic meters of desert air were “pumped” through its volume per day, and almost the entire mass of water contained in it was taken away from each such cubic meter.
The well itself was half its height dug into the ground. Travelers descended for water along the stairs, onto the blind areas and scooped up water. In the center stood a pile of stones neatly laid out in a high cone, depressions for accumulated water. The Arabs testify that the accumulated water, and the air at the level of the blind areas, were surprisingly cold, although there was a murderous heat outside the well. The lower back of the stones in the pile was damp, and the stones were cold to the touch.
One has only to pay attention to the fact that ceramic cladding was an expensive material even in those days, but well builders did not take into account the costs and made such coatings over each well. But this was done for a reason, clay material can be given any necessary shape, then annealed and a finished part can be obtained that can work in the most difficult climatic conditions for many years.
In the conical or tent vault of the well, radial channels were made, covered with ceramic lining, or the ceramic lining itself was a set of parts with ready-made sections of radial channels. Warming up under the rays of the sun, the lining transferred part of the thermal energy to the air in the channel. There was a convective flow of heated air through the channel. Jets of heated air were thrown into the central part of the vault. But, how and why did the vortex movement appear inside the well building?
The very first assumption was that the axis of the channels did not coincide with the radial direction. There was a small angle between the channel axis and the dome radius, i.e. the jets were tangential (Fig. 2). The builders used very small tangency angles. This is probably why the technological secret of ancient engineers remains unsolved to this day.
The use of jets of low tangentiality with increasing their number to infinity opens up new possibilities in vortex technologies. Just don't pretend to be pioneers. Engineers in antiquity brought this technology to perfection. The height of the well building, including its dug-in part, was 6 - 8 meters with a diameter of the building at the base of not more than 6 meters, but a vortex air movement arose and worked steadily in the well.
The cooling effect of the vortex was used with very high efficiency. The conical pile of stones really played the role of a capacitor. The falling "cold" axial flow of the vortex took away the heat of the stones and cooled them. Water vapor, contained in negligible amounts in each specific volume of air, condensed on the surfaces of the stones. Thus, in the deepening of the well there was a constant process of accumulation of water.
The “hot” peripheral flow of the vortex was thrown out through the entrance openings of the stair descents into the well (Fig. 3). Only this can explain the presence of several descents into the well at once. Due to the large inertia of the rotation of the vortex formation, the well worked around the clock. At the same time, no other types of energy, except for solar energy, can be used. Water was produced both day and night. It is possible that at night the well worked even more intensively than during the day, since the temperature of the desert air after sunset drops by 30 ... 40ºС, which affects its density and humidity.
Modern Method
As a result of the experiments, the Omsk inventor found a complex technological solution. The installation invented by him for extracting moisture from atmospheric air, in addition to its main task, makes it possible to remove dust particles from the air, even the smallest fraction.
The method allows to condense all the gaseous moisture present in the air stream, reaching the temperature of condensation and drop formation, exclusively in a gas-dynamic way without the use of a refrigerant.
The technological solution consists of two stages. When air passes through the first stage, an intensely swirling flow is created in order to separate dust and air particles, followed by dust settling in the bunker. In the second stage, in order to condense moisture with sufficient efficiency, the air must be cooled.
So, the entire volume of incoming air in the gradient separator is intensively swirling, and in the confusing part of the gradient separator, it is stratified and divided into two main components of the zone - central and peripheral.
Since, in the cross section of the swirling flow, the rarefaction of the emerging central vortex is much higher than the rarefaction of the peripheral toroidal vortex, the gaseous moisture is simply drawn in and concentrated in the central zone of the channel in the form of a “cord”. In the center of the swirling flow, due to a decrease in temperature, partial condensation of water vapor begins to occur, the smallest dust particles come into contact with each other, which results in intense coagulation of dust particles.
Based on the well-studied inertial forces, the air itself is pressed along the periphery and absolutely without any excess pressure, as it were, “re-compacted”, it is even more correct to use such a term as “pseudo-compression” and through the selective peripheral-radial pipe is sent back to the atmosphere by means of a smoke exhauster .
During the operation of the gradient separator, an artificial tornado is formed above its intake nozzle, which has the same dimensions as a naturally formed one, but with a much higher rotation intensity.
Next, the saturated moisture-air mixture is sucked off through the dust extraction pipe along the channel axis and sent to the second separation stage, where it is passed through the second gradient separator and water vapor condenses in the water intake bin.
As a result, the smallest dust present in the air settles in the hopper under the first separator. And in the second hopper under the second separator, almost all the moisture contained in the swirling air condenses.
General view of the Installation:
1. Gradient separator 1st stage;
2. Peripheral selection snail Gradient separator 1st stage;
3. Gradient separator 2nd stage;
4. Spike of peripheral selection Gradient separator of the 2nd stage;
5. Main smoke exhauster;
6. Smoke exhauster of peripheral selection of the 1st stage;
7. Smoke exhauster of peripheral selection of the 2nd stage;
8. Dust settling hopper No. 1.
9. Water-receiving bunker No. 2.
The minimum capacity of the unit, at which a noticeable effect of moisture formation can be obtained, is 150,000 Nm³/h. The amount of water that can be obtained from this plant is 1.357 tons per hour or 32.58 tons per day.