Spray tinting of car windows is a technology. How to make a mirror surface on glass at home

Applying tinting to the glass of a car, each driver argues in his own way:

• for one, it is eye protection from sunlight and the glare of headlights of oncoming cars;
• for another - an indispensable element of appearance, an important detail of tuning;
• still others cannot imagine their iron without it, which will be visible to the eyes of all outsiders.

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There are even those who, disregarding the rules of the road and the safety of their children, use tinted windows to transport children without a child restraint (child car seat).

In any case, this must be done in compliance with current regulations, and the method that each car owner will use for this is chosen individually. The method of spraying a thin layer of metal is one of them.

What is it

Tinting by the magnetron method (the second name is plasma) is commonly called tinting by spraying. The method is carried out by placing the surface to be treated in a special chamber, where the thinnest layer of metal is applied to it: bronze, gold, aluminum, and so on.

The method has long been known in narrow circles, today it is practically not used on cars due to the large number of negative features associated with their operation.

Blackout according to GOST and penalties for non-compliance

To avoid getting a fine, car windows must meet the requirements specified in the following documents:

1. , which entered into force on January 1, 2015 to replace GOST 5727-88.

For the first time, Rosstandart introduces new terms and clarifications regarding automotive double-glazed windows:

1. According to clause 5.1.2.5 of GOST 32565-2013: "The light transmission of glasses that provide the driver with an overview must be at least 70." The obsolete document required 75% compliance. The throughput of other glasses around, as before, is not standardized, subject to the presence of 2 exterior mirrors. That is, in this case, the rear can be tinted tightly.
2. In addition, for the first time, the term “resin-coated safety glass” appears in official documents, which means the recognition of the legality of a film pasted on the inside of a car that increases its safety.
3. Another important element is the information that the strip in the upper half of the windshield can have any percentage of transmission: “Light transmission of other (non-wind) and shading strips of windshields in the area above zone B for vehicles of category M and other vehicles is not standardized.” The only criterion for passenger cars is its width is not more than 14 cm.

   

   It follows from this that the “divorce” of a self-serving traffic police officer about a too dark stripe on the windshield is illegal.

4. Finally, there was a legal permission to use a film for energy-saving glass, which was not mentioned before: “Glass dyed in bulk or having a polymer coating capable of reducing the throughput of light or thermal energy.” Prior to this, some "hardcore" lawyers tried to prove that the use of any film on the windshield is illegal.
5. Another curious fact is the lack of information about, while the canceled GOST forbade its use.

Car tinting is regulated not only by the previously presented standards, but also by the Rules of DD, in clause 7.3 the following is written: "there are coatings or additional elements that interfere with the driver's view."

Thus, claim 3 can be applied to a driver driving such a car. The amount of the fine under the third paragraph will be 500 rubles.

The main advantage of this method when meeting with the traffic police is that he will not be able to remove it, he will not break the glass either, but there is a possibility of losing the diagnostic card.

Spray tint on auto glass

Changing the appearance of the car by spraying metal oxide came from construction. In this direction, it has practically no drawbacks that affect the operation on the roads.

The main difficulty of the work when performing this procedure is to determine the amount of the mixture needed to achieve the result:

1. Insufficient will lead to the fact that the owner of the car will be dissatisfied with the result.
2. Excessive, on the contrary, will cause close attention of the traffic police.

Application technology

Glass tuning associated with the application of tinting by spraying involves a complex technological process that should be performed only by professionals and on appropriate equipment.

Most of the negative reviews from people who have previously encountered such a procedure are related to the fact that the technology was violated, and the work was carried out in artisanal conditions.

The procedure is to perform the following steps:

1. All glass to be tinted is being removed.
2. The surface is cleaned of dust particles, dirt, grease stains. Polished if necessary.
3. The cleaned glass is placed in a vacuum chamber.
4. A thin layer of metal is sprayed onto the surface.

DIY

Do-it-yourself spraying is not a relevant topic today, since this method, in comparison with the film method, is significantly inferior to it. In addition, the technology is considered to be a thing of history; it was widely used in the second half of the last century.

Many motorists of that time proudly used cars with a metallic coating that reflects the sun's rays and gives off a mirror shine. This continued until the material applied in violation began to peel and crumble, which made the machines look very unpleasant.

Service price

The cost of the service affects the specific performance of work and its technological complexity. As mentioned earlier, self-tinting will lead to the fact that the coating will become unusable very quickly.

A professional one will cost an order of magnitude higher than applying a conventional film, which will last much longer.

Table 1. Prices for spray tinting.

As can be seen from the information provided, the prices for spraying depend on the model and design features of the car. However, many salons provide discounts when ordering a comprehensive tinting of the entire car.

Advantages and disadvantages

Sputtered glass receives improved characteristics regarding resistance to mechanical stress, does not fade in the sun and is characterized by high light and heat reflection.

As mentioned earlier, this method is widely used in the production of door and window double-glazed windows, shop windows, internal glass partitions.

Spray tinted glass has a number of disadvantages, primarily the following:

1. In the process of performing work, it is required to remove all glasses, which complicates the process and increases its cost.
2. Compared to the conventional application of the film, it has low wear resistance, it is scratched when lowering / raising with grains of sand.
3. In winter, wrinkles may appear around the heating system. This happens because the materials (metal of the threads, glass and spraying) are incompatible.
4. Removing tinting by spraying is impossible, therefore, when tinting, there is only one way out - to change to a new one.

Despite the positive effects that this method gives, it is practically not used on cars, since the application technology has many negative factors.

Any actions related to changing the car that are not related to its scheduled repair can be classified as tuning, this also applies to tinting.

It, in turn, can be carried out in several ways: the most common gluing of the film, the use of a well-known sputtering, which is carried out according to modern standards, automatic or partial application of a protective decorative film.

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MIRROR GLASS

glass products

At VETRA we offer mirror glass of our own production, i.e. mirrored glass.

In the manufacture of mirror glasses, the production base of the glass company VETRA uses vacuum magnetron sputtering of thin films of metals or their oxides.

A distinctive quality of magnetron sputtering is the high adhesion (affinity) of the deposited coating and tinted glass, which distinguishes our products from others, for example, stickers of special films.

The perfection of technology, the high quality of the raw materials used and the strict control of production at all its stages ensure the impeccability of our products.

The tinted glass sprayed in this way is called architectural glass. Architectural glass is glass for construction purposes, which is used, among other things, for external glazing of elements of buildings and structures: facades, stained-glass windows, translucent roofs, winter gardens, etc.




Such glasses are actively used in rooms where it is necessary to ensure an inconspicuous presence: for equipping meeting rooms, rooms for focus groups, rooms for security services, psychologists (especially for children). Psychologists watch children through a mirrorGisellawithout interfering with them, which allows children to behave naturally and allows them to correctly assess the pedagogical situation.

Using such a glass-mirror, and watching customers, staff or children, you will remain completely invisible to them.




Application area spy mirrors are not limited to this. Interior designers use this unique glass, which is transparent on one side, to conceal television panels. Those. in other words, the spy glass is mounted directly in front of the TV screen and looks like an absolutely ordinary mirror from the outside. But as soon as you turn on the TV, the Gisella mirror starts its work, you can enjoy the bright image of your TV without any distortion. In other words, by doing so you mask the TV with a mirror, which can also be used directly as a mirror.






These mirrors are based on high-quality glass with a thickness of 2 to 19 mm, the followingspecies :

plain clear glass

• mass-tinted glass
• patterned glass
• strained glass
• laminated glass (triplex)
• bent (curved) glass
• glass with combined properties.

The sputtered metal layer gives a specular, and the layer of metal oxides allows you to get different shades on the surface.

By adjusting the thickness of the sprayed metal layer,we can set the desired degree of surface specularity, and get effects from transparent to full mirror.

Vacuum mirror deposition of glass allows you to create mirror surfaces of different shades: steel, graphite, bronze, dark bronze, golden, lemon, yellow, blue, green, and it is also possible to develop decorative effects according to the customer's request.

Sputtering of metals and their oxides on glass makes it possible either to improve the quality of glass or to give it additional useful properties. For example, there is spraying on. Or tint.

How difficult is the process - spraying? Is it possible to do it with your own hands, in a home laboratory? What useful properties are attached to glass by sputtering?

We will answer these and other questions in the article further on our portal.

Spraying metal on glass: how it's done

Installation for magnetron sputtering on glass

There are two main methods for spraying metal onto glass:

1. Pyrolytic method - sputtering is carried out during the glass manufacturing process.
2. Vacuum sputtering on glass is carried out on special installations on ready-made glass sheets.

Several methods of vacuum deposition on glass have been developed: cathode, ion-plasma, magnetron, etc. In view of its simplicity and relative cheapness of the process, magnetron sputtering on glass is the most popular.



Spray installation: view inside the installation

By its principle, it resembles the operation of a conventional cathode-ray tube of old-style TVs: ions of inert gases dispersed in a magnetic field meet a target (metal, metal oxide) on their way and knock out atoms from it, which cover the glass placed across the lines of the magnetic field with a thin layer.

The simplicity of the magnetron method turned out to be so seductive that the idea arose to do sputtering on glass with your own hands. In Moscow and other cities, there were several attempts to implement it at home - they were engaged in the creation of home-grown installations, mainly by specialists from enterprises of the corresponding profile.

We’ll warn you right away: none of the craftsmen known to us have succeeded in creating stable equipment for magnetron sputtering in home (garage) conditions that gives high-quality results. Although the experiments continue.

Types of coated glass



Glass with a mirror coating as part of a double-glazed window

In everyday life, we so often meet glass with different types of coating that we even stop paying attention to it. The most conspicuous example is mirror-coated glass. The one that allows you to see from inside the house, but does not allow you to look inside.

Fundamentally, it differs from a mirror with an amalgam substrate only in that under industrial conditions such a thin reflective layer of metals is applied that the glass acquires the properties of translucency: in one direction you can see through it, in the other you can only see your own reflection.

Usually titanium-coated glass is used as a “spy window”: due to the unique properties of titanium, such glasses are durable and do not change their properties for decades.



Titanium-coated glass in showcase

In Moscow, the price of mirror-coated glass is from 360 rubles / m². By the way, buying a mirror film for glasses, you will not win anything: the total price of "glass + film" will be the same.

Do not confuse mirror-coated glass with silver-coated glass. Sputtering with silver ions is used to create energy-saving glasses. They do not let in infrared radiation from the apartment to the street, contribute to the conservation of heat. Among specialists, they are briefly designated: .

Another common application of vacuum magnetron technology is glass tinting by sputtering. It is popular with motorists. Windows in residential buildings, after all, are cheaper tint with film(see articles and).



Mineral crystals with sapphire coating for watch dials

It is impossible not to say a few words about glasses with sapphire coating. They are used in the watch industry for glazing dials. A common material for this is mineral glass artificially grown from silicon oxide crystals. But for James Bond and other fans to use wristwatches instead of brass knuckles, such glass seems not strong enough, prone to scratches; therefore, Swiss watchmakers have learned to “grow” glass from artificial sapphires. It has a very high hardness and a corresponding price.

A compromise between cost and quality has been found in the creation of sapphire-coated mineral glass: it is almost as cheap as regular mineral glass and almost as hard as sapphire glass. One problem: the coating wears off over time.

Some new Russian admirers of the work of Ian Fleming (the author of Bondiana) ask if there is diamond-coated glass for watches?

Alas, it hasn't arrived yet. But we are waiting any minute - especially for the inhabitants of Rublyovka!

This is how energy-saving glass is distinguished from ordinary glass. Glazing of the loggia with glasses with tinted coating


There are several common methods for tinting car windows. The most known to us are: glass tinting by adding additives to the glass mass during production, car glass tinting with a film, car glass tinting by spraying.

Spray tinting technology for car windows

The first and last methods are actively used in the production cycle using special equipment. Car tinting with a film - this method is well known to all of us, moreover, many have already done it. That is, it is film tinting that is in our country - a popular way.

Each of these methods has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and we will not consider them, so that it does not turn out that “... the cockerel praises the cuckoo ...”, that is, you understand. If we have already talked about window tinting with a film on the pages of the site, as a possibility of an independent process, then a few words can be said separately about spray tinting.

In the recent past, tinting car windows by spraying in a handicraft way was carried out in "garage car services" - it was fashionable and "cool" in its own way. Until the tint peeled off and turned the car into a laughingstock for others and a problem for the owner. Moreover, the color of the tinting of the car by spraying turned out to be more mirror-like, and this is strictly prohibited in those set forth in GOST RF.

Toning by spraying occurs as follows. Polished transparent glass is placed in a vacuum chamber where a thin layer of metal oxides is applied to it, which gives the glass a certain color and properties.

The technology of tinting car windows by sputtering is scientifically called magnetron sputtering (the second name is plasma). The main advantage of magnetron sputtering is that the finish coating has better resistance to atmospheric and mechanical influences and has high heat and light reflectance. This technology is now relevant when processing glass into double-glazed windows, for internal partitions, stained-glass windows, etc.

In the automotive industry, the method of tinting car windows by spraying has not been widely used. The reason is simple. Window glass does not experience those intense mechanical stresses that are applied to automotive glass. Therefore, spray tinting of car windows did not take root.


Considering what production facilities and outdated equipment were used for this, the reasons for the refusal of drivers from this method of glass tinting are understandable. Plus, there are a number of disadvantages in glass tinting by spraying.




Disadvantages of spray tinting

• For spraying, it becomes necessary to dismantle all the glasses. This greatly increases the complexity of the process, especially when it comes to laminated glass.
• Unlike regular, this coating has low wear resistance, scratches when the glass moves, from grains of sand and dust.
• In winter, problematic “wrinkles” appear on the rear window of the car around the glass heating threads - the expansion coefficient of three materials: glass, spraying, metal of the filaments is completely different and incompatible with each other.
• If it is necessary to carry out tinting or retinting, you will have to change the glass.

But, in any case, you will make the decision to tint the car windows by spraying or by some other method yourself. And proceed from your own opinion. Make the right choice with the information.


Good luck to you car lovers.



Mirror glass, one way glass, one way mirror, translucent glass, spy glass(SpyGlass), In many films (especially detective) you can see "one-way" mirrors. Those in the room cannot see who is watching them, they only see their own reflection. At the same time, outside visitors can easily see the suspects. Is it possible to create such glass? Yes you can!

See, but be invisible.



glass properties

Such mirrored glasses do exist and are used for covert observation of people (in order to control behavior or espionage), or to protect the premises from prying eyes.

Such glass must be transparent - to allow light to pass through (so that viewers can see the image). At the same time, it should have mirror properties.

According to optical laws, the reflection coefficients depend only on the optical properties of the medium (the refractive index n) and on the angle of incidence of the beam. Since there is air on both sides of the glass under conditions suitable for human life (and its optical properties depend only on humidity, temperature and pressure and change very little), the glass will have the same properties (refractive indices n, reflection R, transmission T, absorption K) both for light rays falling from the "hidden" space and into it.

Then due to what it is possible to achieve the effect of one-way visibility?







Solution and physical processes

Operating principle mirror glass in that the darkened interior is not visible against the backdrop of a bright reflection.

There are no translucent mirrors that let light in one direction and not the other (it would be "Maxwell's demon"). in the physical sense (as a design of one-way visibility, which does not depend on illumination or other working conditions) - it contradicts physical laws. This concept is used mainly in psychology to discuss moral and ethical issues.

So the person in the room willsee the street clearlyuntil the difference in illumination becomes less than 10÷100. Those. already some time after sunset, the street will not be visible very well. At night, viewers in the room will not see anything.

For the same to be hidden from the eyes of observers on the street, it is necessary that the difference in illumination be at least 2. Therefore, it will be possible to see the outside of the room late at dusk, when it will be only slightly lighter outside than inside.

In order to avoid this, it is necessary to increase the illumination outside at least 2 times compared to the room. This means that it may be necessary to install lamps in front of glass with one-sided transparency, which will create a brighter illumination at night than indoors.






How is a one-way mirror made?

What is the difference between such a one-sided mirror and the usual one and how to make it?

Ordinary mirrors are usually glass with a reflective coating applied to its back side (various alloys of tin, silver, copper, titanium or aluminum). In this case, the deposition is very dense and the deposition layer is thick. This layer is called amalgam.

Mirrors with one-way transparency are made in a similar way, but the sputtering layer is thin and transmits part of the light. Alternative option - application translucent mirror film. It can be applied over existing glazing.

The cost of both methods is the same, the principle of operation is the same. Resistance to mechanical stress (scratches, shocks), temperature conditions and humidity is also approximately the same.