High-quality warm plaster for interior work. Warm plaster. Theory and practice of application. Options for obtaining heat-insulating plaster

To give the building additional thermal insulation, warm plaster is used - a material based on cement and composite materials: expanded vermiculite, perlite sand, pumice powder, polystyrene foam, etc. Depending on the type of such fillers, it can be used both for exterior and interior decoration.

Purpose

Although the thermal insulation properties of this material are higher than those of conventional plaster, it cannot replace the full insulation of the house with mineral wool or polystyrene foam, but it will be a good addition.

facade insulation;
heat and sound insulating material for interior and exterior walls;
insulation of balconies, verandas, slopes of doors and windows, stairwells, etc.;
sealing joints of floors, cracks and cracks;
heat insulator for well masonry;
material for finishing work in the premises;
insulation of water supply pipes;
thermal insulation of floors and ceilings.

How much more effective is such a coating retains heat? Let's compare the main indicators - thermal conductivity coefficients: for a simple cement-sand plaster, it is 0.93 W / m ° C. And the cement-polystyrene foam (Knauf Grunband) already has 0.35 W / m ° C, which is almost three times lower! In gypsum plaster with filler, the thermal conductivity will be even lower, about 0.25 W / m ° C.

Types of thermal insulation solutions

The main difference between warm plaster and ordinary plaster is the replacement of sand in the mixture with more voluminous heat-insulating components. Such mixtures may differ not only in composition, but also in application methods and technical and operational characteristics. We list the main types of such fillers:

The thermal insulation properties of this material will largely depend on the correctness of the work and compliance with the proportions during mixing. Subject to all conditions, you can get not only insulated walls, but also additional sound insulation. In general, plastering with these mixtures does not differ from the usual one, so no special skills are required from the master.

As you know, any room should retain heat as much as possible, this will increase the comfort of living and significantly reduce heating costs in the cold season. But often the cost of this type of work is prohibitive, and in rooms with a complex configuration, it can be very difficult to make high-quality thermal insulation. In such situations, heat-insulating plaster for outdoor use will be the best option, although you can use it from the inside - as you prefer.

Thermal insulation plaster mixtures have a number of advantages:

Ease of finishing: you can do all the work yourself with the help of the simplest devices. In addition, the speed of insulation in this way is much higher, and the technological process is simpler.

The price of this option is much lower than any other type, you can save a lot of money.
The composition of the insulation does not include any materials harmful to human health. The composition is environmentally friendly and can be used for finishing structures both outside and inside.
The material does not support combustion. If it contains expanded polystyrene granules, then they are treated with fire retardants and belong to the G1 combustibility group. If perlite, vermiculite or foam glass is used as a filler, then the plaster is completely non-combustible. This is a very important factor that significantly increases the safety of operation.
Unlike mineral wool, heat-insulating plaster is much less susceptible to moisture; with minimal surface protection measures, it will last several decades without problems.
The material not only retains heat, but also serves as a good sound insulator. Thanks to him, extraneous sounds will bother you much less.
The resistance of the composition to low temperatures allows it to be used in almost any climatic zone, even in cold northern regions.

Features of the composition of mixtures

All types of solutions of this type consist of the following components:

Filler, which provides thermal insulation qualities - it can be perlite, foam glass, polystyrene and other similar materials.
Astringent component, for facade compositions it is always cement, for internal use gypsum and lime mixtures can be used.
Modifying additives, providing resistance to moisture, increasing elasticity, giving a certain color, and so on.

The main types of mixtures

If you need the most budgetary version of the composition, or it is difficult to obtain it in your area, then you can make it yourself. Consider the most common and easy-to-use mixtures.

Based on sawdust

This is the easiest way, but a mixture of this kind has less thermal insulation qualities than similar ones. However, the composition holds heat 4 times better than brick, so its use is also justified.

The cooking process is as follows:

Three parts of sawdust are taken, they must be dry, clean, and their size should be as small as possible - so the texture will turn out much more attractive.

Next, 1 part of cement is added, preferably grade M500 - in no case should you save on strength.
The third component is two parts of paper, which must be torn into small pieces or shredded in another way.
After mixing all the components, water is added until a consistency is obtained that is comfortable for application to the wall.

When covering wooden surfaces, slats (the so-called shingles) should be filled on them; when processing concrete and brick bases, they should be pre-moistened to improve adhesion.

Based on perlite or foam granules

The above option is only suitable for interior work, but if necessary, then another composition should be prepared:

Four parts of perlite or expanded polystyrene granules, the first option does not support combustion, so it is recommended to purchase it, especially since the cost of the material is quite democratic.
One part of cement, preferably M500 D0, this option guarantees maximum reliability of the coating and its durability.
A plasticizer will also be required, professional builders most often use PVA glue, it needs a little - about 50-60 grams per bucket of cement. The easiest way is to buy a jar in a hardware store, so you save money - the stationery version is available in small packages and is much more expensive.

The preparation of the composition is carried out as follows: glue or other plasticizer is diluted in water, after which the solution is added to the mixture until a consistency suitable for application to the wall is obtained.

Advice! When preparing compositions, it is easiest to use a bucket as a measure of one part, this option is convenient and not too heavy.

Ready formulations

Heat-insulating facade plaster is also sold ready-made. Therefore, you can purchase it and start work. The advantage of this option is the simplicity of the process, because you do not need to collect all the components, measure the parts and mix them.

In addition, the finished mixture contains water-repellent and antifungal additives, as well as components that increase moisture resistance and improve resistance to ultraviolet rays.

Features of the work

The instructions for applying the composition are quite simple, however, consider its features:

The surface must be cleaned of dirt, if there are cracks and potholes on it, they must be repaired.
The next step is to prime the surface with a deep penetration compound.
Next, you should set up plaster beacons, it is better to fix them with any facade plaster, you can also use a heat-insulating mixture. After setting up the structure, you should wait for it to dry and then proceed to further work.
The solution is thrown either with a special bucket, if the stand is thick, it is better to work in two stages.
Leveling is done using the rule, if texture is needed - the solution is thrown onto a flat surface with a broom.
Until the end of work, it is worth protecting the surface from precipitation.

Advice! If you need a smooth surface, it is better to use a thermal insulation compound as a base, and on top.

Conclusion

If you need a thermal insulation plaster for interior work, any composition can be used, while a sawdust-based mix for outdoor work will not work. The video in this article will help you understand this topic even better, you yourself can do all the necessary work.

Hello dear readers! What do you think, is there such a material that can be both decoration and insulation? There is such a material - it is a heat-insulating plaster for outdoor work.

What kind of plaster is this, what advantages and disadvantages does it have? Let's figure it out.

Warm plaster for facades is considered an innovative material, this is how manufacturers present it. Indeed, this insulation has appeared on our markets recently, but has already managed to occupy its niche and find both its fans and those who consider warm plaster not a suitable heat insulator for our climate.

Who is right? To answer this question, it is worth carefully studying the properties and composition of the material in question.

Basic properties such as thermal conductivity and vapor permeability depend on the composition. Today, manufacturers offer mixtures that instead of ordinary sand include:

expanded polystyrene;
wood production waste;
vermiculite;
perlite chips;
fine fraction expanded clay;
pumice filler.

The highest thermal insulation qualities are shown by mixtures based on expanded polystyrene, they are also the cheapest, and therefore reviews of this particular type of warm plaster are most often found on the Web. The indicator of such a gypsum mixture with polystyrene foam filler is 35 W / (m ° C), which is considered a good indicator.

Opponents of warm plaster usually put "at the peak" of its supporters that in order to provide the thermal insulation indicators required for our climate, it is necessary to apply this insulation in several layers, which in the end is much more expensive than originally planned. By the way, the price of warm plaster is far from low, which is also its disadvantage.

Main property

Heat-insulating plaster is a heater, the main purpose of which is to keep heat inside the house. Let's compare its thermal conductivity with other materials. Warm plaster with a layer of 5 mm in its thermal conductivity is equal to 2–4 mm of polystyrene foam insulation or double brickwork.

You may have a question, why is warm plaster so capable of retaining heat? How is it different from ordinary plaster? So, heat-insulating plaster has such properties because components that have a very low thermal conductivity (foamed glass, polystyrene foam granules, etc.) are added to its composition. They are bound with cement or gypsum, and various polymers are also added. This is all mixed up and got a warm plaster.

Additional Benefits

In addition to energy-saving abilities, this appearance of finishing the facade of the house has a number of other advantages.

Fire safety

Due to the fact that such mineral fillers as perlite, vermiculite, foam glass are added to the plaster, it can be classified as NG, that is, non-combustible materials. But this does not apply to plaster with foamed polystyrene as a filler, it belongs to class G1.

Versatility

In addition to acting as a heat insulator, it can also serve as a finishing plaster for the facade of your house.

Frost resistance

It can be used in regions with a harsh, cold climate, as this material is not afraid of frost and can withstand temperatures up to -60 degrees.

moisture resistance

Compared to a conventional thermal insulator, such as mineral wool, which absorbs moisture like a sponge, this material repels any liquid from its surface and prevents moisture from being absorbed inside.

Advantages and disadvantages

The undoubted advantages of warm plaster include its versatility: to buy such a mixture means to solve two problems at once, these are insulation and facade decoration.

And also the advantages of this material include:

high steam and thermal insulation properties;
high adhesive properties, if the surface is properly prepared, then the mixture is able to cover the facade for more than 10 years;
the possibility of finishing painting the facade in any color;
ease of application, plaster a small house with an area of 150-200 square meters. meters, even without experience, it is possible in a few days;
does not require reinforcement and fastening;
unaffected by rodents and insects.

The disadvantages of this heater include:

the need for a thick layer. Manufacturers claim that 2-2.5 cm is enough, but practice shows that in fact the layer should be 2 times larger - at least 5 cm;
relatively high price.

One can argue with the last point, because by choosing a warm mixture for the facade, there is no need to purchase fasteners that are required for heaters in the form of plates or in rolls, as well as reinforcing mesh and final finishing.

Application

The application of plaster begins with a thorough preparation of the surface: it must be cleaned, the seams sealed, and the facade must be treated with a primer. After that, you can start warming. The technology for applying this type of mixture is no different from applying other solutions. Tools used: grater, spatula and roller.

With a spatula, the heat-insulating plaster mixture is thrown onto the wall, and rolled out with a roller or scraper in an even layer. If you have no experience with the material at all, then we recommend using special beacons that are mounted on the walls in 1x1 m squares. Beacons will help to apply an even layer, ensuring the same insulation of the entire surface.

Separately, it is necessary to talk about the dilution of the solution, since most plaster mixtures are sold in the form of a dry powder. When diluting the solution, the manufacturer's instructions must be strictly followed. In order to save money, you should not try to dilute the mixture thinner, since the heat-conducting properties of such a solution can decrease several times. A thick mixture is also not worth doing, it will be poorly applied and lays down in an uneven layer.

Conclusion

To summarize: warm plaster for the facade is a great option if you want to insulate and decorate your house at the same time. As a heater, this material has more advantages than disadvantages.

That's all, see you soon on the pages of our site.

Owners of private houses and apartments in high-rise buildings are trying in any way to keep the heat inside the rooms. To do this, a variety of materials are chosen as a heater.

More recently, thermal insulation plaster has appeared on the construction market. It is used as the main (if the house is located in a warmer region) or additional insulation.

Warm external plasters contain mineral or organic components that are able to retain heat in the wall. In this case, the room cools down much more slowly. Ordinary sand is replaced with foamed glass, sawdust, perlite, expanded clay, vermiculite or polystyrene. In addition, the finished plaster mix contains additional components that prolong the life of the hardened layer and repel water.

Thermal insulation plaster has the following advantages:

Fire safety. Almost all components do not burn. If the composition contains sawdust or polystyrene that can ignite, they are treated with fire retardants.
Additional soundproofing. The plaster is applied in a fairly thick layer, which prevents extraneous noise from entering the premises.
Resistant to temperature extremes.
Finishing availability. The price of warm plaster mixes is relatively low, and if you make the composition yourself, you can reduce the cost of thermal insulation even more.
Ease of arrangement. All finishing work can be done with your own hands, but before you start you need to practice a little on any surface.
Light weight. Due to the large number of porous additives, even a very thick layer will not create a strong load on the main wall.
Can be applied to any substrate.

Such an arrangement of a heat-insulating layer also has its drawbacks. This is increased moisture absorption. Refer only to those compounds that contain sawdust, perlite and vermiculite. But this flaw can be eliminated if everything is covered from above with a water-repellent decorative material. A ventilated facade is best suited.

What is the warm mixture

In order for the heat-insulating plaster for outdoor use to have the desired characteristics, it must consist of certain components:

Astringents. For external work, only white Portland cement is used. Other components, such as lime or gypsum, are only suitable for internal insulation of a house. But this option is better not to choose.
Filler - the substance that will not allow heat to leave the premises.
additional substances. Coloring, water-repellent, adding plasticity and strength.

Varieties of heat-insulating mixtures for plastering

Types of warm plasters are distinguished by filler. Each variety has its own technical characteristics, therefore, before buying, you should independently study them at home, and then go to the store for the desired composition.

Sawdust based plaster

This option is easy to do with your own hands. Small sawdust can be purchased for a penny at any sawmill. In addition, you need cement grade M 500 and some paper. Pay attention to the sawdust must be well cleaned. It is advisable to choose the smallest fraction.

The components are mixed in the following ratio: 3 parts of sawdust x 1 part of cement x 3 parts of shredded paper. First, the dry ingredients are mixed, and then water is added in small portions. The result should be a fairly thick mixture.

It can be applied to a wooden surface, but before that, shingles (small slats) are stuffed. This option is also suitable for concrete or brick bases. But to increase adhesion, you need to moisten the wall with water.

Some workers do not want to work with such a composition, because they consider it ineffective. But sawdust-based plaster is able to retain heat very well. The only drawback is the low coefficient of water repulsion. But a hydrophobic decorative coating solves this problem.

Polystyrene as a filler

Such facade warm plaster also protects well from heat loss. But several significant drawbacks make this composition dangerous to human life:

Polystyrene absorbs a lot of moisture. This has a bad effect not only on thermal insulation properties. If the moisture accumulated in the insulation freezes, it will begin to destroy the insulation layer.
The filler is treated with a flame retardant, because it does not ignite well. But if such a heater starts to burn, then a lot of caustic and black smoke will be released as a result.

If the first defect can be corrected, then the second one can cause the death of the inhabitants of the house.

Stucco mixture with the addition of foamed glass

These are small glass granules, inside of which there are many air bubbles. Due to the fact that water cannot moisten this substance, such plasters are absolutely not afraid of water. They are perfect for.

Ready-made plaster mixtures are easily applied to the base and do not lose their attractive appearance for a long time, protecting the house from heat loss and precipitation.

Mixtures based on perlite, vermiculite and expanded clay

Such representatives of warm plasters have approximately the same characteristics. These components absorb a lot of moisture. In addition, perlite is also very light. In strong winds, the granules are weathered from the dry mix.

All of the above are preferably used for interior work. But you can process the walls from the outside, but for protection you will have to use a hydrophobic decorative material.

Basic rules for applying warm plaster

To create a layer that will really protect against the loss of warm air, you need to know how to properly apply plaster.

Everyone starts, as usual, with the preparatory stage.

Removal of old decorative coating.
Elimination of cracks, chips at the corners, any other recesses and bulges.

Next, plaster beacons are installed. This must be done without fail, since heat-insulating plaster is applied with a layer of 5 cm or more. It is very difficult to control how evenly a layer of this thickness lays without beacons. At one time, you can lay up to 2.5 cm of the mixture, so they divide all the work into several approaches.
Now you need to prepare the solution. If you bought a ready-made mixture, then everything must be done as indicated in the instructions. In the case when the mixture was prepared with your own hands, you should first find out the recipe and also follow it exactly.
You can start applying the solution. To do this, use a trowel or spatula.
Alignment. To complete this step, you need to acquire a rule. It is moved from bottom to top and simultaneously from side to side.
After the first layer dries, apply the second.
To finish, use decorative acrylic plaster or any other finishing option that can protect the heat-insulating plaster.

It must be remembered that the key to successful insulation with plaster is the right weather conditions:

The air temperature is within +5 - +25 degrees Celsius.
Lack of wind. Otherwise, debris will stick to the applied layer.
Air humidity is not higher than 75%.
The time will come when the sky is covered with clouds.
It is better to start work after 11 o'clock in the morning, when the facade has already dried out from the dew.

The construction of a warm and comfortable country house requires the solution of often very complex and contradictory tasks. For example, to get savings on materials and, at the same time, not to increase your costs in the future when operating the house, to make the house warm and comfortable. Help in solving such a problem can provide warm plaster.

A somewhat unusual name accurately reflects the purpose of the material. At its core, it is a building mixture with thermal insulation properties. It acquires them through the use of materials with low thermal conductivity. The composition of warm plaster is usually as follows:

porous filler - expanded polystyrene granules, perlite sand, foam glass (expanded glass), etc.;
a binder mixture, which is usually cement, lime, gypsum and mixtures thereof;
polymer additives - plasticizers, water-repellent, air-releasing, etc.

Familiarization with the composition of warm plaster allows you to understand what its good thermal insulation properties are based on. This is due to the presence of a porous filler, literally stuffed with numerous air bubbles. And he, as you know, is a good heat insulator. So it turns out that after applying warm plaster to the wall, it turns out to be, as it were, protected by an additional layer of heat insulator.

Properties of thermal insulation plaster

The advantages that warm plaster has are not limited to thermal insulation. The very composition of the mixture suggests what possibilities this material holds.

Fire safety. Warm plaster with mineral filler (perlite, vermiculite, foam glass) is not combustible at all and belongs to the NG class according to the classification system. The exception is heat-insulating plaster based on expanded polystyrene foam, it is combustible and belongs to group G1.
Ecological purity. Traditional heaters (mineral wool, polystyrene) emit harmful substances, which does not happen with warm plaster.
Multifunctionality. In addition to the heat-insulating coating, warm plaster can serve as a material for decorative finishing and be used as a topcoat. At the same time, it can be used to level surfaces.
thermal insulation characteristics. It should be noted that heat-insulating plaster is not inferior to traditional materials in its properties. A layer of such plaster 5 cm thick is equivalent to laying two bricks or two to four centimeters of polystyrene foam.
Physical characteristics. Heat-insulating plaster is much lighter than traditional plaster and during installation it practically does not have an additional effect on the foundation and walls. In addition, it has high adhesion to all wall materials.
Practical application of warm plaster- it is easy to work with it and it does not require special qualifications.

About fillers

In many ways, the properties of heat-insulating plaster are determined by the type of filler. As a filler can be:

Sawdust. When using them, the cheapest, but least effective type of warm plaster is obtained.
Styrofoam. Expanded polystyrene has good sound and heat insulation characteristics, has good adhesion. But it is a combustible material and at the same time it releases toxic substances.
Perlite is a material obtained from volcanic glass (obsidian) heated to 1100°C. At this temperature, obsidian begins to swell, becomes porous, a large number of air bubbles form in it, as a result of which the material acquires thermal insulation properties. Thanks to them, it finds application in various materials as an additive that provides these characteristics. One of the options for using it is called - perlite plaster.
The disadvantage of perlite is its high hygroscopicity, which requires the use of additional materials to protect it during finishing.
Vermiculite. A mineral belonging to the mica group (the so-called intumescent mica). Materials based on it are able to withstand temperatures from minus 260 to plus 1200 degrees Celsius. When fired, it significantly increases in volume (up to 50 times), resulting in scaly particles. By its properties, vermiculite is similar to perlite, absolutely non-flammable and non-toxic.
The disadvantages of the mixture, in which vermiculite is used as a filler, are the same as for perlite plaster - high hygroscopicity, which requires additional costs for protection.
Foam glass. This is foamed quartz sand, the structure of which includes closed glass cells. Foam glass is a waterproof and refractory material, very durable and does not shrink, does not need additional protection. However, heat-insulating plaster based on it is inferior in its characteristics to materials using perlite and vermiculite.

About application and protection

Warm plaster is used for interior and exterior. As already mentioned, due to the porosity of the filler, air bubbles act as a kind of insulation. Moreover, warm plaster is usually used as an additional element of thermal protection, and allows you to save on heating in winter and air conditioning in summer.

We are talking about the fact that insulating plaster will be applied in addition to the protection laid down during the design of the building. It is irrational to use it as the main defense. According to calculations, with a brick wall thickness of 51 cm, the insulating plaster should have a thickness of ten centimeters, with a smaller wall thickness, the thickness of the layer of heat-insulating material should be even greater.

However, when using modern building materials (porcelain blocks, foam concrete), it is quite possible to reduce the required thickness of the plaster, since these materials, unlike bricks, themselves have good heat-shielding characteristics. However, even in this case, warm plaster will be useful precisely as an additional protection, increasing the overall thermal resistance of the building.

Options for obtaining heat-insulating plaster

For interior decoration, such material is convenient to use in places with a complex configuration, as well as to increase overall thermal protection. By the way, a mixture for additional thermal protection can be made independently. Warm plaster with your own hands can be obtained in the following way:

it is necessary to mix three parts of sawdust and one part of cement;
then add paper pulp two parts;
add water;
the resulting mixture must be mixed to the state of a normal solution.

If it is to be applied to wooden surfaces, then it is necessary to fill the shingles, otherwise the material will not stick to the surface. A brick or concrete base must be pre-moistened before applying plaster to it.

The warm plaster obtained in this way, the reviews of which are very positive for those who have used the described method of obtaining, resembles cardboard in appearance. Its heat resistance is four times higher than conventional plaster

Another way to make warm plaster with your own hands is different from the one outlined, and gives a versatile material suitable for indoor and outdoor use. For this are used:

cement, 1 part;
vermiculite or perlite, 4 parts;
plasticizer;
water.

All components are commercially available, PVA glue can serve as a plasticizer, fifty to sixty grams per bucket of cement. Everything is prepared very simply. First, PVA glue is diluted in water, then it is necessary to mix dry cement with filler and add water with a plasticizer, achieving a thick but plastic mass.

After the mixture is ready, let it stand for 15 minutes, mix again and you can start working. Such heat-insulating plaster, the reviews of which those who used it are commendable, is successfully used in various versions for interior and exterior decoration.

industrial materials

However, in addition to the possibilities of self-production, you can use the finished product. The industry successfully produces various grades of such material, for example, Knauf Grunband heat-insulating plaster. It is a plaster mixture (dry) intended for all types of work, based on sand, cement, filler in the form of expanded polystyrene (granules) and hydrophobic additives and has water-repellent and heat-insulating properties.

Another option would be Houncliff Insulating Plaster. It consists of a composite filler (produced by the manufacturer), basalt fiberglass, sand, cement, polymer binders.

Applying hot plaster

The mixture, such as warm Knauf plaster, must be diluted before application. Dilute the entire volume (bag), observing the dosage and mixing time indicated in the instructions. As a result, a plastic, lump-free mixture should be obtained. She is ready to go within a few hours.

The surface must be cleaned of dirt and dust before applying the material on it, it is possible to plaster at a temperature not lower than plus 5°C. Apply the finished mixture with a spatula and level (rub) with a grater or rule.

The thickness of the layer is not recommended to be made more than 2.5 centimeters, if you want to get a greater thickness, then you need to sequentially make several layers. The surface can be painted after two or three days. After 28 days, the layer acquires maximum strength, and the heat-insulating ability reaches its maximum value after 60 days after drying.

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