Project on the theme of the house of the future. House of the future: smart technologies. Home office with virtual experiences

The desire for comfort has always been one of the most important human desires. Over the past decades, many innovations have appeared on the market that can provide comfort and optimal conditions in a home. At the same time, the sheer number of such devices created the problem of managing them. If you equip the house with modern heating, air conditioning, lighting and other equipment, then you will have to spend too much time on their adjustment. "Smart Home" is a technology of the future that allows you to create your own infrastructure for interaction and control of all systems in the house and in the surrounding area.

What can "smart home"

Almost everything that is connected to the control complex. Smart home functions are based on the coordination of various equipment.

The standard set includes control and monitoring functions:

• lighting;
• microclimate;
• executive systems;
• fire and burglar alarms;
• anti-flooding and gas leakage prevention system;
• access to the house and territory;
• multiroom, media center;
• video surveillance and notification.

Device and principle of operation

The system has a modular configuration, so it can be designed for any house, apartment, budget and vary in functionality. The heart of the whole complex is a server connected to WI-FI. Receiver and transmitter modules are connected to the server, which will interact with sensors and power units via wireless communication.

Smart home control is carried out in three ways: push-button or touch switches, remote control or smartphone from anywhere in the world where there is access to the World Wide Web. As a rule, the creators of smart devices have a resource of a set of applications, access to which is provided free of charge to users via the Internet. Thanks to the proposed applications, various modes are configured, equipment operation algorithms are programmed and scenarios are created. In addition, all personal settings are copied to the cloud storage and, in case of an accidental failure, they can always be returned.

The simplest "smart home" is controlled sockets. They can connect equipment, set the operating mode and control via the network.

Lighting

To control the light, power blocks are provided that can act as a simple switch or dimmer. Lighting can be controlled via a motion sensor. The user gets the opportunity to turn on and off all at once or individual points of illumination at the touch of a button. Select different brightness modes and program them according to time or situation. For example, turn on the TV, and the light is automatically dimmed. You can also choose to fade out in sleep mode or keep the room bright with sunlight.

When lighting is connected via a motion sensor, the light will turn on automatically when a person appears in the room, and go out if there is no movement after a set period of time. It is possible to choose your own lighting scenario for a party, a romantic date or create the effect of presence at the time of departure. Settings allow you to notify the user if he forgot to turn off the light or turn it off automatically. Manufacturers claim that it is not only convenient and comfortable, but also economical. With well-designed lighting control algorithms, up to 30% of electricity is saved.

Microclimate

This function is provided by temperature and humidity sensors. In this case, the devices are installed in those rooms where adjustment is necessary. The user can set different modes: choose a constant temperature and humidity for the entire dwelling, for each room individually, as well as set variable modes by hours and days of the week. In accordance with the given algorithm, the system will regulate climate devices (heating, air conditioning, humidification, dehumidification, ventilation). There are many additional features in the apps. For example, "open window" or "guests". In the first case, the heating will be turned off so as not to consume excess electricity or gas, and in the second case, when people gather, the intensity of the ventilation will increase. On average, automatic climate control allows you to save up to 40% of energy costs and create favorable conditions for the health of households.

Executive systems

These include power devices that open / close doors, gates, barriers, curtains, blinds, roller shutters. It can also be automatic valves on the water supply, heating or gas pipeline, watering and fire pumps, video camera turns. With these devices, you can close the curtain or open the door to the guest without getting up from the sofa. The possibility of settings allows you to program the automatic closing and opening of curtains / blinds according to the time of day or depending on natural light. You can adjust the watering of flower beds and lawns using external weather sensors. Gates, doors and shutters can work in tandem with the burglar alarm and close in case of unauthorized entry.

Multiroom and media center

This is the possibility of distributing sound and video around the house and even around the house. Moving around the room, the user, using the remote control or smartphone, switches the sound and / or image to other devices. The function is also performed using motion sensors.

From the latest developments, leading manufacturers offer voice-controlled speaker systems. At the same time, the device is able to adapt to the voice and pronunciation of the owner. In addition to music and video, it answers questions using and filtering information from Wikipedia.

Access control

In a "smart home" even the locks on the doors are connected to a system that "recognizes" only one owner, indicating the status of the rest of the residents. In addition to the key, special locks are opened using a smartphone, but only the owner has unlimited access. For others, access can be allowed or denied, as well as configured by time or for a specific period.

Fire and burglar alarm

For safety, it is important to equip the "smart home" with a fire alarm. It includes smoke and fire detectors, which are located in fire hazardous areas. When a fire and / or smoke is detected, the device by default notifies the owner, and at the choice of an additional concierge on duty, security or sends a message to the fire department, including an audible alarm. In the presence of a fire extinguishing system, the "smart home" itself suppresses the source of ignition.

Security alarm system is based on motion sensors, door and window opening sensors, video surveillance. In case of unauthorized entry by an outsider, the system blocks entrances and exits, turns on an audible alarm and, as in case of fire, notifies the owner and the relevant security services. As additional functions, a remote control can be installed to enter an access code after opening the doors or an alarm code to call security.

Prevention of floods and gas leaks

To determine an emergency, gas analyzers are attached to the installation sites of gas equipment, which, if any hydrocarbon is detected in the air, send a signal to the server. As a result, a command is given to the automatic valve to shut off the gas and at the same time notifies the owner. The rest of the household will learn about the leak by a loud alarm. Optionally, the notification of the emergency gas service is configured.

To detect water leakage, a special sensor is used, which is installed at the lowest point of the room with sanitary equipment. The algorithm of the anti-flooding function is similar - the water is automatically shut off, and the owner is notified.

Video surveillance and notification

Video surveillance indoors and outdoors is carried out for two purposes. The first is the intercom function, which provides video communication with the visitor. The owner can see who rang the doorbell and record the communication session. The second goal is video recording when an alarm is triggered. Video monitoring can also be carried out with the services of a nanny, housekeeper or technicians. Video cameras are installed openly or hidden and have IR illumination for night video shooting. The user can turn on the camera at any time and see what is happening in his home. In the settings, you can select the baby monitor mode, while the camera will react to the noise and cry of the baby.

The notification function is made on the owner's smartphone or several users. You can set up an alert to any number, e-mail. The reason for the notification is also configurable, since by default, for each action of the "smart home" a message will come and "clog" the memory of the mobile device or mail. The owner at any time from any point can control the operation of all equipment, find out the temperature in the premises.

outdoor systems

The smart home is not limited to the control and management of indoor equipment. Indeed, in the local area, lighting is also needed, often watering or street heating. Particularly relevant today are anti-icing systems on paths, steps and snowmelt on roofs. All these functions can also be controlled by the "smart home" complex. As a result, a person can forget about household trifles. While the "house" itself will solve all the problems, the owner can enjoy life with comfort and confidence.

Problems of "smart home"

The main problem of all intelligent systems is the lack of general standardization. Because of this, the equipment of one manufacturer is not compatible with the devices of another. Although there are exceptions in some cases. Choosing a "smart home", the consumer is forced to take advantage of the offer of one specific manufacturer. If the selected company does not have some “interesting” function, then it cannot be supplemented with third-party devices. The same applies to applications that are rarely universal. Even the means of wireless connection of the modules is different.

For many, the main problem may be the cost of a smart home, but some of its elements are quite affordable.

prospects

The developers believe that the possibilities of intelligent control systems are far from being exhausted and are at the initial stage of development. Despite the wide functionality, the potential of such equipment is huge. In the future, it is planned to expand technologies and capabilities, including monitoring not only technical and engineering devices, but also the physical condition of residents. The systems of the future will be able to hear the heart and breathing of a person, analyze his behavior, and, if necessary, independently call an ambulance or warn of a critical state of the body.

Hello dear readers! Today I invite you to take a trip to the near future for at least a few minutes and imagine in what kind of houses our children and grandchildren will live.

Back in the middle of the 20th century House of the Future in the view of the architects, it looked like a mansion with intricate shapes and several bedrooms. In the modern view, with a change in the priorities of society, the views of architects have also changed dramatically.

In the 21st century, the concept of "House of the Future" is based, first of all, on the fact that the fuel reserves on the planet are not unlimited. This led to a rethinking of old views, primarily on the energy efficiency of the house. New projects of houses of the future have appeared, in which the most daring ideas are realized, sometimes somewhat strange and therefore seeming unlikely to be realized from the point of view of a modern person. Nevertheless, the circumstances that are developing in modern society make us obey certain rules of the game. Here are three basic rules that will be taken into account when designing the house of the future:

1. Location and dimensions of the house.

The house should be located in a place convenient for human habitation. Most likely, this is a small, but comfortable enough house for the whole family to live. But the main criterion is that the house of the future should be energy efficient and environmentally friendly. This future is already very close. So, at least, claims Luigi Colani, who built the house of the future today. Watch and enjoy the amazing ideas of the Great Master.

The modern way of life is changing very quickly. The houses currently being designed do not take into account such changes at all. It is very difficult, and sometimes impossible, to change anything in the design of a house. Therefore, the house of the future must be, first of all, sufficiently transformable and assembled like a Lego constructor, so that the homeowner can “adjust” the house to his needs at any time.

2. Complete autonomy from existing communication systems.

The house will be completely autonomous from all networks: electrical, heating, water supply, sewerage, etc. The Internet will not be an exception.

As for the Internet, it should be noted that new information technologies do not remain in the background, but will be taken into account in the design and construction of houses in the future. First of all, the house of the future will be "smart" - fully controlled through a computer connected to the Internet. Own smart control system will allow efficient use of energy (electricity and heat) in the house.

3. Autonomy from external sources of energy supply.

As mentioned above, the house of the future will be as autonomous as possible. Water, for example, will come to the house from an artesian well. Electricity will be generated from renewable sources: sun, wind, water (river currents, thermal springs, sea tides, etc.).

As you can see, the degree of autonomy of the house of the future, in the end, will depend on the efficiency of the generated electrical energy, for example, solar energy (unfortunately, the efficiency of its use remains very low). The house of the future should consume a minimum of energy from outside and produce enough energy for its own needs.

Thus, the house of the future should be a fairly flexible system that can be easily integrated with the latest technologies.

Naturally, the use of hydrocarbons (for example, natural gas or oil) as energy sources will be completely excluded. High cost, non-ecology, non-renewability, depletion of stocks - these factors are more than enough to exclude their use in the house of the future.

In the end - a small sketch. Imagine a beautiful, small house surrounded by trees and flower beds. The house looks picturesque with a garden surrounding it, in which there are many fruit trees and shrubs. Between the trees and bushes are neatly trimmed green lawns. Behind the house is a large lawn and swimming pool. The path leading along the shady alley of your park among tall trees - cedars, pines, larches and oaks, goes to a small picturesque pond. A wonderful picture of the future, where you are happy and calm for yourself and your children...

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Well, who among us has not fantasized about housing and communal services, imagining the future? Fantasts and futurologists added fuel to the fire, and idealistic pictures appeared before my eyes: everything is robotic, technological, intellectual. Well, most of the predictions came true one way or another. Moreover, many things are actively used in everyday life, the invention of which was not even thought of fifteen or twenty years ago. So congratulations, we are consumers of a “bright future”. But further - more! Inventive minds do not sleep and offer us more and more interesting scenarios for the development of the situation. Let's get acquainted with the main concepts?

The time when the interior style of the house was chosen once and for years will be a thing of the past. Electronic ink and "smart" paints that will be used to paint walls and objects will allow you to change their color and texture at any time. At your request, the interior can be updated at least every day. And that's not all, 3D technologies will become an integral part of everyday life, simulating a virtual environment: huge displays instead of walls, ceilings, floors and windows with images of a very different plan, for example, natural areas. Just imagine that it will be possible to set up the surrounding space in such a way that it creates the feeling that the house is in the forest, by the lake, in the mountains or on the ocean coast ...

In addition, such equipment will have another function - displaying events taking place somewhere outside your home in real time. For example, a family dinner is planned, but some of the relatives live in another city, what to do? The problem is easily solved, just select something like the “family gathering” option in the settings, and the “broadcast” of guests is guaranteed!

It goes without saying that with this approach, the attitude to the organization of work processes will also change. The real presence of a person in the workplace will no longer be necessary. Everything can be done remotely: in the morning the house is only a house, and in the afternoon it is also an office.

However, the main thing here is not to overdo it, otherwise it may turn out to be a utopian picture in the style of Isaac Asimov, who described a society in which people from childhood grew up surrounded by a huge number of robots and communicated with each other only virtually, which led to an endemic "anthropophobia" - fear bodily contact with people of flesh and blood

Of course, futurologists have not bypassed the issue of reducing the burden associated with the daily worries of every housewife: laundry, cleaning, grocery shopping, cooking. Most of the work will be undertaken by various high-tech developments. There are already refrigerators and ovens running Android. They can be controlled remotely using applications on a smartphone: select recipes, set temperature conditions, update notes on household issues.

There are already refrigerators and ovens running Android.

Time will pass, and the number of functions will increase significantly. Some combined cleaner-washer-dryer-ironing machines will evaluate the current state of clothes, putting them in order if necessary, and refrigerators will inspect their own contents and re-order products by contacting delivery services via the Internet. All houses will be equipped with intelligent systems that control as many elements as possible. It will be possible to give voice commands to everything from “turn off the lights in the living room” to lamps to “walk the dog and wash the dishes” to robots. The cleaning process will completely change: walls, floors, furniture will be created from some self-cleaning materials, mini-robots will scurry around everywhere, able to distinguish garbage from necessary things and quickly rid the home of useless rubbish.

Personalization

The trends of recent years have shown that the demand for products that provide an individual approach to the consumer is growing all the time. Well, our future homes will also adapt to the owner. The total "chip" will greatly contribute to this.

The house will track the owner's movements, anticipating his desires.

The house will track the owner's movements, anticipating his desires. He went to the door - it opened, reached out to the kettle - it turned on, touched the bathroom - the water was at the right temperature, went to bed - heating, massage, relaxing music turned on and the main light turned off. You can fantasize endlessly ... Up to the point that smart devices will adapt to the mood and physical condition of the owner. If you didn’t get enough sleep, it means that coffee will be stronger today, and the music will be more cheerful. Health problems - the equipment will ensure the collection of tests, sending them to the doctor, monitoring the timely intake of medicines and adapting the environment to current needs (humidity, temperature, disinfection) In general, all the features of the owner will be taken into account, habits and wishes will be remembered - the entire infrastructure will adapt to his individual needs.

From the private to the whole

All of the above is related to private property, but if you scale it? What will the houses be like? There are many answers to this question, the majority of architects agree that everything will come to some kind of modular system. The basic equipment of the house with a minimum set of residential areas will be available to everyone. And then according to needs: the family grew - bought a nursery, decided to go in for sports - bought a gym, and so on. At the same time, the problem of gifts will be solved - for each significant holiday, it will be possible to give missing sections to relatives and friends.

There is also the theory of "disposable" houses, according to which typical houses will be designed for operation by only one generation of residents. After that, the buildings are demolished so that a “green zone” appears in their place (soil and vegetation covers are restored). And new neighborhoods appear elsewhere.

But perhaps the most interesting project is nomadic cities! The mobile city project is being promoted by Manuel Diminges, a graduate of the Polytechnic University of Madrid's Graduate School of Architecture. It is a kind of platform called Very Large Structure (which literally means "very large structure"), mounted on giant tracks. The size of the city located on it is impressive - 560 meters long, 182 meters high. A three-level structure is assumed: at the bottom - warehouses and construction sites, in the middle - large mechanisms (responsible, for example, for waste disposal and air conditioning), and at the top - residential buildings. The city can move from one place to another, looking for the most suitable conditions for life (economic, natural). Moreover, we are not talking about using the reserves of the current location until they are depleted. The design assumes autonomy: solar panels, wind turbines. A worthy project!

By the way, with a variety of innovative ideas, they have a common feature - the desire to make the home moveable in space. Well, the human need for a regular change of environment is understandable. The world around us is changing, we are changing - we have to adapt. But keeping up with the times is much more pleasant together with ... home! So, forward, from the bright present to the bright future!

The construction of even the smallest house begins with design. A project prepared on paper will allow you to plan the area of ​​\u200b\u200bconstruction, the number of rooms, windows and doors, as well as calculate the cost of work and the amount of materials needed.

If you are going to build a house, you can ask for help from specialized companies to order a project, choose the right one from among the finished ones, or independently develop a plan for a new home.

It is more rational to create a house project with your own hands when all construction work is planned to be carried out without outside help.

The first stage is planning

The first stage of project development involves the general planning of the future house, its size, purpose, the presence of a garage or other additional buildings, as well as the geographical features of the site, the presence or absence of a sewerage and water supply system.

The second stage - sketches

At the second step, all conditions and desires are taken into account and assembled into a certain model of a house with a certain number of floors and rooms.

The draft design has the character of a sketch and depicts the future of the building from different sides: facade, side, rear and in section (transverse and longitudinal).

Here is a list of the materials used, as well as the design features of the house: the type of roof, the thickness of the walls and ceilings.

Before you start your own project at home, it is better to carefully study the photos of finished plans in order to draw ideas and experience.

Third stage - work plan

The working version of the project serves as a guide for the construction team and involves a complete description of all the planned work on the construction of the house: architectural, structural, engineering and design.

In an architectural type project, the location of all rooms, their area, the presence of balconies or terraces, the dimensions of windows and doors, the slope of the roof, and the thickness of the walls are outlined and drawn.

Important! Glazing and decoration of balconies can be ordered at low prices on the website viploggias.ru. "Modern Balcony" is a company with many years of experience.

The constructive type of the project involves a detailed consideration of each element of the house from the foundation, walls and ceilings to the chimney, stairs and rafters. For example, a complete decoding of the characteristics is applied to the windows, where the profile width, the type of lining, the number of layers of double-glazed windows, the presence of a window sill are noted.

Engineering and technical design is aimed at drawing up a detailed plan for the implementation of work on the establishment of sewerage, water supply, ventilation, heating, electrical wiring, grounding and security systems.

The design project makes final adjustments to the construction of the house. At this stage, they finally determine the color scheme of the facade, walls, roof and interior decoration of the room.

Timber house project

Most often, economical, strong and durable wood is chosen as the main material for construction.

However, the project of a private house made of timber requires certain conditions to be met:

• If the construction requires beams of more than 6 m, then additional insulation of the joints of the logs will be required;
• Joints are placed in a checkerboard pattern;
• The number of corners must be even;
• Particular attention must be paid to the proper distribution of the load;
• Log partitions are placed only above load-bearing walls or on additional pillars.

brick house project

The project of a brick house must necessarily include an assessment of financial capabilities, since this type of construction is expensive and the need to create a strong and costly foundation.

Note!

When building brick houses, other features of the material should also be taken into account: the use of clay bricks on the lower floors, double waterproofing in the bathroom, wall reinforcement for greater strength, strict adherence to horizontal masonry, laying out window and door openings with a quarter.

Terrace project

A correct and competent extension to the terrace house also requires a separate project. When compiling it, it is necessary to take into account its structure, location, degree of openness, shape and the presence of steps.

Most often, the terrace is located near one of the walls of the house or rings the entire building, less often it is installed separately from the residential building or adjacent to the pool.

As in the project of the house, the area, dimensions, materials, mass of the structure and type of foundation must be indicated in the terrace plan.

How to make a project at home with your own hands?

You need to stock up on paper, a ruler and a pencil and try to depict your future home in detail.

Reference points and assistants will be ready-made standard projects posted on the Internet, supplementing and expanding which you can get the perfect plan for a new building.

Note!

DIY house project photo

Note!

In the modern world, technology is advancing in a big step, radically changing our lives. Many companies producing various household appliances are already endowing it with artificial intelligence, moreover, many devices are able to unite into a single network (which allows them to "communicate" with each other and with the owner) thus forming the Smart Home system. Of course, such systems are still far from the famous house of Tony Stark, where artificial intelligence - the butler Jarvis spoke almost like a person, completely controlled the house and could create holograms everywhere. But this is only the beginning!

If earlier saying “Smart Home”, most often they meant a complex and expensive system of remote control of light, heating and other systems, today this concept has become much broader. “Smart” finishing materials have already appeared, programs for smartphones that allow you to control electrical appliances from a distance, robots that can do the cleaning for you, and much more. Especially for you, we have identified three main technologies that can change our homes and the comfort of living in them in the future.

1. Smart home - smart materials

All surfaces in the homes of the future will be made from “smart materials”, which will allow many different functions. For example, walls to be able to block the Wi-Fi signal, thus ensuring the impossibility of hacking and "theft" of your Wi-Fi, French researchers from the Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble have created wallpapers that help prevent electromagnetic pollution and "theft" of Wi-Fi. Special paper blocks the Wi-Fi signal, thereby preventing it from penetrating outside a separate room or house.

The windows of your house, which are installed on the Rehau press fitting, will also become multifunctional, turning into huge transparent screens - this technology was presented at CES 2012. Samsung specialists have developed Smart Window - windows that, as journalists said, resemble "giant transparent tablets ". Another development in this area is the GravitySpace floor, which is able to recognize people by their body weight. At the same time, this floor is a large screen on which, for example, a virtual ball can appear if you want to play football.

2. Smart home appliances

Smart home appliances will also be multifunctional. For example, on the refrigerator screen, you can search for recipes, leave notes, and more. In 2013, Samsung introduced the T9000 refrigerator, which runs on the Android operating system. On its screen, you can not only search for recipes, but also view the Google calendar, write notes in Evernote, listen to music and even send tweets.

In general, all household appliances will become intelligent and can be controlled not only with the help of buttons, but simply by giving voice commands. So already now there are such artificial intelligence technologies for the home as “Cleopatra”, thanks to which the “smart home” can recognize quite a lot of voice commands, such as “turn on the light in the living room”, “reduce the temperature to so many degrees” and the like. In addition, thanks to the built-in motion sensors and the built-in sensor in the owner's watch, the "smart home" knows in advance about his approach to the door and opens them. Also, for example, "Cleopatra" can report missed calls, remind you of various events, etc.

Already, most manufacturers of household appliances are embedding remote control systems in their products, thanks to which one or another household appliance can be turned on or off simply by pressing the desired button on the smartphone screen. Pretty soon, such technologies will allow you to control all appliances in the house from your smartphone: from a coffee maker to a door lock.

3. Smart robots - assistants

If robots - vacuum cleaners are now becoming commonplace, then the work of assistants who can fully do all the housework for you has not yet become a reality. Moreover, in such universal robots - assistants as in the movie "I am a robot" is still very, very far away. But this does not mean that in the near future there will be no assistant robots in our intelligent house - instead of one, there will be several universal robots, each of which will perform certain functions.

Many have already been developed, of which: the Hector robot can remind the elderly owner of the need to take pills; the Roomba robot will vacuum the floor itself, and the Mint robot will wash it; The Mirra robot was created to clean the pool. Also this year at CES 2013, the Winbot robot was introduced, which can clean windows by itself.

It's a pity, but humanoid robots - assistants, are not yet available to an ordinary citizen. Honda's Asimo is the only working humanoid robot assistant. True, so far the list of its capabilities is quite limited, in addition, it cannot be bought, but can only be rented.

Of course, most of you will say that “Smart Home” technology, even in developed countries, will not be widely used soon, but in Russia it will reach decades later, but we can say with confidence that this is not so. Already now in Russia there are companies that offer advanced developments in systems of this type, including industrial land for the construction of high-tech enterprises. Therefore, it is possible that very soon you, dear reader, will be able to appreciate all the advantages of a “smart home”.