Pipes for a ditch in the country - an overview of the main options and features of the work. Crossing the ditch - wooden bridge Carrying out concrete work

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If your country house has an artificial or natural reservoir, then it would be quite appropriate to equip it with a beautiful bridge. This element of landscape design will help to make the site unique and stylish. Let's talk about it in more detail.

What to consider before construction

Most often, such a structure has a functional purpose and serves as a crossing over a reservoir. However, there is an alternative to this approach. You can build a decorative wooden bridge.

The best places for such structures, according to landscape designers:

• ditches, ravines, dry streams;
• ponds, rivers, canals and lakes;
• beds, flower beds, lawns, flower beds;
• paths near decorative arches and arbors.

Choosing a place for construction

1. When there is a stream and a pond at the same time in the country, the best solution would be to throw a bridge over the stream. After all, a small structure is safer and does not require significant labor and financial investments from you.
2. The bridges connecting the islands on the pond are very spectacular.
3. The basics of engineering, and even simple logic, suggest that the crossing should be equipped at the narrowest point of the reservoir. Most likely, she will divide the water surface into two parts of different sizes. It can be used. For example, emphasizing the main volume of the reservoir and the shallows, or delimiting the garden and a place to relax.
4. In a regular garden, which has an artificial reservoir of a regular rectangular shape, the principle of symmetry applies. According to him, it is desirable to make a bridge exactly in the middle of the pond. Then, in addition to the crossing, the structure will also serve as an observation deck.

Note!
Like other landscape structures, wooden bridges for giving should harmoniously fit into the design of a suburban area.
At the same time, the design must be safe and durable.

Material, design and shape of the bridge

Of course, wood is the best choice for all structures in the suburban area. Among other things, it goes well with other types of building materials.

The best woods for bridge construction are oak, larch and cedar. The instruction warns that it is possible to ensure maximum durability of the structure if it is impregnated with an antiseptic and a moisture-proof agent. These compounds will not affect the color and texture of the material in any way, but they will protect it from harmful insects and microorganisms and give it water-repellent properties.

At the initial stage of work, you need to create a visualization of the bridge in the form of its sketch, drawing, diagram. To do this, you need to know what types of such structures exist. The table below presents to your attention the main types of small bridges.

Construction construction

First of all, for work you will need to prepare tools and materials

What will be needed

1. Wooden beam and boards.
2. Hammer, screwdrivers, planer, saw, drill, file, nails, screws.
3. Tassels.
4. Emery cloth of different grain sizes.
5. Roulette, pencil,
6. Varnish or paint, antiseptic, moisture-proof composition.

Bridge installation

1. Do-it-yourself wooden bridge installation should begin with the arrangement of the support platform, as well as strengthening slopes and banks, if necessary. To do this, you can use gravel and stone of different fractions.
2. Mounted on the platform, it will serve as the basis of the structure.
3. The junction points of these bridge elements must be waterproofed using roofing felt or polyethylene.
4. To stop the displacement of the base, the bars should be fixed with metal profiles.
5. Boards are laid on them and a pressure bar is mounted.
6. You can fix the flooring with both nails and self-tapping screws.. It is undesirable that their hats protrude above the level of the boards. Therefore, they should be drowned by 3-4 mm.

1. Now you can put railings. The optimal height of their installation is 0.7-1 m.
2. Lastly, the bridge is treated with an antiseptic and moisture-resistant impregnation., then painted or covered with a weather-resistant varnish.

Note!
Construction becomes more complicated when the width of the reservoir in the suburban area is more than 6 m.
In this case, wooden bridges for the garden should have a reinforced concrete foundation, as well as intermediate supports.

Before hammering nails or screwing in screws, drill small holes in the boards with a drill. This will prevent the wood from cracking and increase the life of the structure.

A special case is if you decide to build a step-type bridge. Then lifts should be attached to its foundation, which will be the foundations of the steps.

On top of them, attach narrow planks that will create the outer fabric of the structure.

To mount the railing, you can buy balusters (then the price of the structure will increase significantly) or use a regular small-section timber. It should be sanded and soaked with an antiseptic.

The simplest shape is rectangular. In most cases, it is selected during self-assembly of the bridge. Rounded or more complex handrails are best ordered from a carpentry workshop.

Conclusion

Now you know how to make country wooden bridges. These structures can simultaneously perform functional tasks and serve as decoration for a suburban area. The video in this article will develop its theme.

The device for entering a summer cottage requires certain knowledge and the use of high-quality materials, since any mistakes can lead to negative consequences: pipe clogging, destruction or subsidence of the embankment. Let's consider how to make a bridge over a ditch in a country house with minimal time and money, and what materials will be needed to carry out the work. The work is quite simple, but the technology has certain nuances that you should definitely be aware of.

Basic requirements for the entry device

As noted above, during the work it is important to comply with a number of conditions, otherwise the result may be such that the entire structure will have to be redone. The main requirements for such structures are as follows:

What you need to know about pipes and their installation

There are several main options that are used most often, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages, so you should choose carefully to avoid unnecessary problems in the process ().

Types of pipes

When choosing one or another solution, you need to know the following information:

• The most widespread pipes made of concrete are very strong and durable, this option was used almost everywhere 20 years ago.. This option has one significant drawback: the large weight of the elements, so it is unlikely that it will be possible to do the work yourself, it requires the involvement of lifting equipment, and these are additional costs.
• Metal products are also widely used. Thick-walled products are used, the service life of which is 40-50 years. This option is able to withstand even the highest loads without deformation and changes in linear parameters, it is important to choose the optimal diameter to ensure the required throughput.

Advice! To increase the resistance of products to corrosion and extend the service life, it is best to pre-treat the surface with mastic, this will save the metal for a much longer period.

• Self-made reinforced concrete structures, for their construction, large-diameter plastic pipes are used, around which a reinforcing frame is arranged, and concrete of a grade of at least M200 is poured. With the correct calculations of the throughput and a high-quality reinforcing belt, such systems are able to serve for a long time.
• Corrugated plastic pipes have appeared relatively recently, but have already gained immense popularity due to a number of advantages: low weight with impressive bearing capacity, very simple laying technology (you can purchase all the necessary fittings to simplify the process), low cost, resistance to aggressive influences and the most minimal weight compared to other options.

Features of the laying process

In order for the passage through the ditch in the country to be reliable, work should be carried out in a certain order, the instruction is as follows:

• First, the walls of the ditch are leveled, and the bottom is cleaned of silt and other impurities.
• Next, a pillow of crushed stone or gravel is poured, and even better, a reinforced concrete footing about 15 cm thick is poured.
• To strengthen the walls and prevent washout, the base is covered with geotextile, after which a pillow of 30 cm of crushed stone is poured, a pipe is laid, and sprinkled around with the same crushed stone.

Sometimes it may be necessary to cut the elements, in this case, if there is still no electricity on the site, renting a diesel generator for a summer residence will help.

In order for your entrance to the dacha through the ditch to be as durable as possible, it is also necessary to strengthen its slopes. Strengthening the ditch in the summer cottage can be carried out in any way convenient for you: laying turf, using geotextiles or by concreting.

When purchasing a land plot, the first thing the owners think about is a convenient check-in to it. Regardless of the purpose, construction materials, tools and various utensils will have to be imported for improvement.

Check-in is necessary just to get to the site with the whole family, without leaving vehicles unattended on the street. Often, sewers or drainage ditches become obstacles for arrival. Then the question arises: how to do it? It should be comfortable, practical and durable. You can turn to professionals or arrange everything with your own hands.

First of all, you should carefully study the features of the landscape, measure the depth and width of the ditch, take into account the technical characteristics and features of the soil. In no case should the ditch be filled up; with the arrival of spring floods or heavy rains, flooding will become natural. In the water there may be beds, a house and a basement.

The organization of arrival at the site through the ditch, first of all, provides for the arrangement of the drainage system. This will ensure uninterrupted outflow of water in the event of rain or floods. It is worth considering and calculating several options, determining the profitability of construction work, taking into account the capabilities, desires and characteristics of the site. Among the services of construction companies there are specialists offering professional assistance in the manufacture of such entrances through ditches.

Access device options

Before starting work, it is necessary to carefully study the place of the future structure. If there are nearby neighbors who have already arranged the entrance, talk to them, find out the methods, ways and costs of construction.

The device for entering the site through a ditch should be started in compliance with some basic rules:

• Measure the width and depth of the ditch.
• Determine the type of drainage pipe, calculate its length and width, select the appropriate material.
• Prepare materials and tools.
• Make a work plan.

Advice! It is important to decide on the design of the future race even before the start of construction, so that it coincides in style with the general design decisions of the site and the house.

The arrangement of the check-in begins with the acquisition of the necessary materials; , screenings, pipes, cement and sand.

Perhaps, for a more durable race model, reinforced concrete structures, metal channels, wooden and waterproofing building materials will be needed. For summer cottages, it is practiced to use budget flooring options from decommissioned railway sleepers or finished metal structures.

To achieve maximum strength, you can order the services of a concrete truck and pour the surface of the race with industrial concrete.

Rigid coating choose a variety of:

1. Wooden. The most affordable and cheapest material, but short-lived. To extend the service life, wooden materials are treated with special compounds or hardwoods are used: larch and oak.
2. Paving stones. Aesthetic appearance. The coating is made using paving slabs and stone. Rather high price, installation requires special skills.
3. Concrete slab. In the case of a seamless web and reinforcing cage, it lasts a long time. Additional costs and effort require delivery and installation.
4. Asphalt. An inexpensive way, but for high-quality work requires special equipment. A convenient and practical option for new areas where renovation work is being carried out.
5. monolithic cover. You can pour concrete yourself.
6. Crushed stone or screenings. The easiest way, but requires constant backfilling and leveling the coating.

The width of the entrance is calculated taking into account the dimensions of the entrance gate, it must be at least 2 meters wider. Mandatory condition: the joint must coincide with the road surface, and carefully processed to prevent erosion.

Advice! For safety, fences must be mounted on both sides: concrete, metal, brick or stone.

Before starting work and laying the pipe, a layer of sand is poured and compacted.

Using a pipe

Depending on financial capabilities and taking into account the durability of the structure, pipes for water drainage are chosen:

1. Asbestos-cement. Given the low weight and affordable price, these types of pipes are most popular with summer residents with shallow ditches and a planned low load capacity. To enhance wear resistance, a structure of crushed stone and sand is built around the pipe.
2. Plastic corrugated pipe. The most affordable option: lightweight, non-corrosive, has a long service life. For strengthening use crushed stone with sand.
3. Metal. They are susceptible to corrosion and have a short service life.
4. Concrete. The most impractical due to transportation difficulties and heavy weight.

Advice! When choosing a pipe, it is necessary to take into account its cross section so that water can freely pass through it.

The pipe for entering the site through the ditch is closed on both sides with lattice barriers to prevent debris, stones and branches from entering.

On top of the pipe, to strengthen the structure, a powerful frame is usually made, poured with concrete. At will it is made out by a finishing covering to taste. If a monolithic slab is laid, the distance between it and the road is isolated as much as possible.

Without using a pipe

Check-in can be equipped without installing a pipe as a way to drain water. This is possible provided:

• small, up to half a meter, the depth of the ditch;
• the location of the site on a hill;
• arid climate with little rainfall.

The easiest and most budgetary way, if the ditch is shallow, is to cover it from above with a material strong enough to ensure the passage of vehicles. A reinforced concrete slab is suitable for entering the site through a ditch. Its delivery requires effort and expense, but such a design will last a long time. For durability, before laying it, strengthen the edges of the ditch with crushed stone, stones or concrete.

How to make a check-in on a site with a slope

If between the site and the road there is a slope in one direction or another, the check-in is planned taking into account the angle of the inclined plane. During construction work, all options must be considered in order to exclude spontaneous movement of the machine downhill and sliding in the event of icing.

With a large slope, if possible, the trajectory is maximally lengthened and curved. Or equip a flat area in front of the gate. It is recommended to provide awnings protecting them from precipitation. Thus, there is a possibility that it will be possible to avoid icing in the winter. Such structures are assembled from wood and metal. The coating is chosen for every taste: corrugated board, slate, soft tiles or polycarbonate.

Modern technologies allow you to mount a floor heating system directly at the entrance. It is additionally treated with waterproofing materials. In the cold season, this method does not allow the formation of ice.

If the road is higher than the site, it is necessary to take care of additional traction for the wheels of the car in order to avoid automatic rolling.

Devices for entering the site through a ditch: creation, requirements, order of work. Check-in at the summer cottage provides an opportunity for its full service. Without proper arrangement of the entrance to the site, it will not be possible to carry out construction work, deliver firewood, fertilizers, and even more so, a personal car. Even on foot it will be difficult to enter the entrance, which is not properly equipped.

Quite often, it takes a lot of effort to ensure the necessary entry, but the problem can be solved with your own hands, if you understand the specifics of the work.

You can consider that the owners of the plot in the country are lucky if it is located on a flat area and there are no problems with the approach to it. In fact, such territories have an incredible relief - hills, pits, ravines, which means that there are obstacles in front of the entrance that will make it difficult for a car to drive. Usually, a drainage system is laid along the main road to drain sedimentary and flood waters, and there is a trench along the front of the site, which is the most popular obstacle to entering the site.

The entry device can have several options:

1. Normal, smooth entrance. This is perhaps the rarest case when it is enough just to lay the cover and install the gate of the required width.
2. Entrance with a drainage system. The rules for arranging summer cottages recommend laying the system along the road, which makes it necessary to create an entrance above the drainage trench when using a pipe.
3. Ditch entry. If there is a large and wide ditch in front of the place where the gate should be, then the following methods of entry are used - using pipes, using wooden sleepers or laying. Depending on the width of the ditch, measures should be taken to strengthen the walls and create a reliable floor.
4. Entry at an angle. In this case, certain security measures are required at the entrance to the vehicle.

Each option has its own, special specifics, which must be taken into account in order to ensure the normal arrival of not only a personal car, but also special equipment - if construction is underway, then a truck, as well as a truck crane, a fire engine, an ambulance van and so on.

Choosing a coating

The entry device to the site through a ditch is subject to the most intensive wear, which is due to the high requirements for the coating. The choice of material for the ride should be made taking into account whether you have a personal car, what vehicles can drive to your home, and whether parking is required. The coating must be durable, strong, resistant to climatic influences in different seasons, frost-resistant, and resistant to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Coverage on the entrance area is of two types - economical rigid and simple or with a high level of strength. In the first case, it is a compacted and leveled soil with a bulk layer, which has such drainage components as gravel, sand and crushed stone.

A separate discussion deserves a hard coating, which has several types:

The choice of coating material for entering the site will largely depend on the financial condition of the owner. If the owners are not too rich, then most often they make a sandy layer, but pouring with concrete has gained the most popularity.

Regulatory requirements

In addition to the general convenience of residents and appearance, the device for entering the site must necessarily comply with SNiP standards, which help to ensure at least minimum security requirements and do not make it possible to interfere with other people.

The following normalized parameters are distinguished:

The owner of the site must determine the entry devices himself, but at the same time, he must not in any way impair the traffic capacity of the road and not create a personal car park on it. In the case when the site is also part of a gardening partnership, then the creation of a check-in should also take into account the rules that are established in the partnership.

How to create a drive through a drainage ditch?

The entrance to the site should not block the system, which means that it is impossible to simply fill up the ditch. It will be possible to save drainage by laying a pipe with a diameter of 0.3-0.5 meters, depending on the volume of water that is diverted. You can use plastic, metal, reinforced concrete and even asbestos-cement products.

The arrangement of the entrance to the site through the ditch is carried out in the following order:

Entrance to the site through a ditch of increased strength is carried out using concrete walls. Such a construction can be done as follows:

1. All actions before laying and laying are performed in the same way as in the method above.
2. After the pipe is laid, formwork should be installed on both sides of it, the height of which will correspond to or slightly more than the height of the ditch.
3. Reinforcing steel rods should be installed in the formwork, the diameter of which should be from 1.2 to 1.4 cm.
4. After that, the reinforcing walls are poured. The width of the concrete tape should be from 15 to 20 cm.
5. When the concrete has completely hardened, the formwork is completely dismantled.
6. On top of the pipe, the entire space should be covered with a mixture of crushed stone and sand between the concrete walls.

When creating these types of entry, the pipe must be laid parallel to the bottom of the ditch, i.e. be with the same bias. After backfilling the pipe, water should never seep through the prepared embankment.

How to make a check-in from the sleepers?

If the ditch is wide enough before entering the site, then you will need to make a flooring - a bridge. One of the fastest and cheapest options would be to use wooden railroad ties. The fact is that it is the sleepers that are impregnated with special anti-rotten compounds, which also give the tree resistance to moisture. We also note that they are not strong enough for the movement of loaded trucks. In addition, sleepers (especially those that have been used) have a special smell that becomes stronger in the sun.

But the material attracts low cost and ease of installation, even with your own hands. It should be borne in mind that during the season when the soil is very wet, the sleepers may begin to diverge. To avoid such cases, they need to be very well fastened together.

Overlapping with reinforced concrete slab

The device of entry through a ditch with the implementation of overlapping with a reinforced concrete slab is carried out quickly, but is costly. But the strength of this overlap makes it possible to call in any type of transport. The main disadvantage is the large weight, because of which you will have to pay for the work of the crane operator. Also, problems sometimes arise if the walls of the ditch are weak and cannot support the weight of the slab. The most common option is to install supporting concrete walls on both sides. This will require the installation of formwork, after which steel reinforcement is laid and poured with concrete mortar. The gap between this type of support and the walls of the ditch should be covered with rubble and sand, and then compacted.

Inclined entry device

Often the entrance to the site is complicated by the presence of a slope down or up. In this case, spontaneous movements of cars should be excluded and the adhesion of the wheels to the road surface should be increased. The most common way to solve this problem is to use the principle of a ramp, the maximum slope of which is 24 degrees.

The manufacture of the ramp for entry is carried out in the following order:

1. Cut off the ground from the surface with the formation of steps.
2. On the sides, the entrance is limited by curbs (concrete walls). To do this, make a formwork, install a reinforcing mesh and pour concrete.
3. Pour crushed stone between the curbs, and the thickness of its layer should be from 12 to 18 cm with the formation of the required slope and good.
4. Fill the drive surface with concrete, the thickness should be at least 10 cm.

If possible, a topcoat can be applied on top. The most attractive option is paving slabs.

The procedure for performing work on concreting

One of the most reliable and simple ways of arranging the entrance is pouring concrete. This way you will make both the entrance and the parking / parking area. When concreting follow the following order:

1. Remove the soil to a depth of 20-30 cm, and tamp the bottom.
2. Fill in a cushion of crushed stone and sand, its thickness should be from 25 to 35 cm (after compaction).
3. Lay a finished steel reinforcing mesh on top of the pillow or install a reinforcing layer of steel reinforcement with a diameter of at least 1 cm with laying in the form of a grid and cells no larger than 25 cm.
4. Make a mortar of cement, and its grade must be at least M300 (1 part), sand (3 parts) and crushed stone (4 parts).
5. Pour the resulting concrete solution with a thickness of at least 12-15 cm into the race and carefully compact. The surface should be leveled and checked with a spirit level.

In no case should there be depressions on the surface in which water will accumulate. It is advisable to make an entrance with a slight slope from the center line so that sedimentary moisture flows off.

Alternative

If you have big problems, you can choose alternative solutions. With a large slope angle, you will have to make an entrance along a curved path, which will help to gradually reduce the magnitude of the difference. If the area in front of the site does not allow you to do this, then you will have to make an elongated entrance that will run parallel to the site, and there must be a turnaround area in front of the gate. Too big bumps and ditches will sometimes have to be bypassed if you make an entrance to the site from the back side of the site. On the front side, it will be necessary to make convenient and small bridges to install a gate for those who have income to housing, but do not reach it.

Starting to equip their newly acquired site, many happy owners are faced with the problem of hard-to-reach check-in on it. The reason for this is wastewater or that run along the road or even around the entire perimeter of the village. The most affordable thing that you can easily do with your own hands and that the first thing that comes to mind for inexperienced summer residents is to fit a bulldozer or arm yourself with shovels, fill the ditch well, level it, tamp it down and asphalt it.

The design of the entrance to the site through a ditch

Many people do just that. Excellent, no problem until the period of heavy rains or snowmelt comes. The fact is that the waste ditch is left for a reason, but in order to direct groundwater or wastewater to bypass the site. Otherwise, flooding threatens the buildings, the cellar, and the basement of the house.

Making the correct entry to the site is more difficult than just digging a ditch, but it is more reliable.

This work does not constitute big difficulties, the main thing is to take into account some nuances.

The dissimilar location of the plots, the terrain, the type of soil determine the different device for entering the territory through a ditch, but still some general features must be taken into account when doing these works with your own hands. What do you need to decide before starting?