The eighth letter of the alphabet. The number of letters in the alphabets of different peoples

Real Russian Alphabet.
Grigori Ovanesov.
Grigory Tevatrosovich Ovanesov.
ALPHABET OF A SINGLE LANGUAGE.
№__ch.z.__r.__No.__ch.z.__r.____No.__ch.z.____r.____No.__ch.z.___r.

1__1___a___10__10____w____19___100____y____28__1000____r

2__2___b___11__20____i_____20__200____m_____29__2000____s

3__3___y____12__30___l_____21__300____th____30___3000___v

4__4___d____13__40___x_____22__400____n____31__4000____t

5__5___е____14__50___s______23__500____ш____32__5000___р

6__6___z____15__60___k______24__600____o____33__6000___c

7__7___e____16__70___h______25__700____h____34__7000___y

8__8___s____17__80___z______26__800____p___35___8000___f

9__9___t____18___90___g____27__900____j____36___9000___q
_____________________________________________________________________________
# - The number of the letter. h.z. - the numeric value of the letter. R. - Russian alphabet.
To indicate the beginning of a sentence, you must use the same letters with an increased size. It also means that the letter h is a soft voicing of the letter Г, which is used in Russian, but is not recorded and is used in dialects (adverbs), especially by shepherds when they drive cows reproducing the sound he (ge). Such a pronunciation of the letter G as h is considered non-literary. In addition, the same letter G as a throaty thin wheezing sound is written as g. Moreover, the letters “e” are voiced as “yyy”, “t” as “tx”, “s” as “tc”, “z” as “dz”, “j” as “j”, r as a solid (English) “ p” and “q” as “kh”. There are no diphtones Ya (ya), Yu (yu), E (ye) and Yo (yo) in the alphabet, since their sounding by separate mono sounds already exists in the alphabet. Of course, b and b signs are not letters, since they are not voiced, and cannot be used in the alphabet. In the process of voicing the letters of the alphabet, people actively used a wide range of sounds that animals and birds make, imitating them. Of course, the predecessors of the alphabet in graphic notation are two interconnected alphabets compiled millions of years ago. They were restored by me for the first time in the world, with the same number of letters, which ensured upright posture, the development of grasping movements and the creation of the semantic content of words with the voicing of letters. Moreover, having restored two ancient ABCs, I turned out to be their modern creator. In addition, with the help of the ABC, the concepts of counting and numbers with letter-by-letter notation and designation with the fingers of the hand were introduced, the decimal system of counting units, the concepts of length and time were compiled. Actually, the number of fingers with gaps between them on the hands and feet is four nines, which together make up the number 36.
Thus, with the help of the Unified Alphabet, a letter-by-letter way of writing numbers was created. For example, the number 9999 was originally written letter by letter as q j g t or 3446 as vnkhz (see the alphabet above). Actually, it was not easy for me to figure out the mechanism of letter-by-letter recording of numbers and numbers on my own. For this, I used only the alphabet with the numerical values ​​of the letters. In principle, this is a very serious topic, so I singled it out separately.
Moreover, for the first time in the world, I gave the definition of NUMBER and NUMBER.
In this case, the Number is the number in the record voiced by a letter or a word.
So a Number is a quantity written either letter by letter or by numbers.
Of course, the quantity is HOW MUCH.
It should be borne in mind that the number 0 is voiced by the word “zero, zero”, the number 1 is voiced by the word “one, one”, the number 2 is voiced by the word “two, two”, etc., moreover, in different languages ​​in their own words.
Moreover, the reflection of the Unified Alphabet in the form of the positions of the fingers and their grasping movements made it possible to substantiate how all numbers up to the largest from 10,000 and beyond, which are now used for counting, were created.
In the alphabet, the numerical values ​​of the letters determine the order in which the columns (groups) are distributed. In the first nine (first column), the digital record of the numbers of letters and their numerical values ​​are written in the same way. In this case, the numbers of the other three columns of letters are written in two-digit numbers. Moreover, the numerical values ​​in each column include significant numbers from 1 to 9. Moreover, in the second column, one zero is added to each of these numbers, in the third column two zeros and in the fourth column three zeros. There is also a complete correspondence between each digital entry of a two-digit letter number and its numerical value.
It should be borne in mind that Russian-speaking people, due to the lack of a significant number of letters (mono sounds) of the first alphabet in the world, with the help of which the semantic content of words and their voicing were created, have serious problems with the study of other dialects of the common language of the peoples of the world.

An alphabet is a collection of letters or other characters used to write in a particular language. There are many different alphabets, each with its own characteristics and history.

In this case, we will talk about the Russian alphabet. Over the course of several centuries of existence, it developed and underwent changes.

History of the Russian alphabet

In the 9th century, thanks to the monks Cyril and Methodius, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared. From that moment, Slavic writing began to develop rapidly. It happened in Bulgaria. It was there that there were workshops where liturgical books were copied and also translated from Greek.

A century later, the Old Church Slavonic language comes to Russia, church services are conducted in it. Gradually, under the influence of the Old Russian language, Old Slavonic undergoes some changes.

Sometimes an equal sign is put between the Old Slavonic and Old Russian languages, which is completely wrong. These are two different languages. However, the alphabet originated, of course, from Old Slavonic.

At first, the Old Russian alphabet consisted of 43 letters. But the signs of one language cannot be accepted by another language without amendments, because the letters must somehow correspond to the pronunciation. How many Old Church Slavonic letters were removed from, how many and what kind of letters were destined to appear, this is the subject of a separate article. We can only say that the changes were significant.

Over the following centuries, the alphabet continued to adapt to the requirements of the Russian language. Letters that were not in use were abolished. A significant reform of the language took place under Peter I.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian alphabet had 35 letters. At the same time, "E" and "Yo" were considered one letter, just like "I" and "Y". But the alphabet contained letters that disappeared after 1918.

Most of the letters of the alphabet until the beginning of the 20th century had names different from modern ones. If the beginning of the alphabet is familiar (“az, beeches, lead”), then the continuation may seem unusual: “verb, good, eat, live ...”

To date, the alphabet consists of 33 letters, of which 10 are vowels, 21 and two letters that do not represent sounds (“b” and “b”).

The fate of some letters of the Russian alphabet

For a long time, "I" and "Y" were considered variants of the same letter. Peter I, reforming, canceled the letter "Y". But after a while she again took her place in writing, since many words are unthinkable without her. However, the independent letter "Y" (and short) became only since 1918. Moreover, "Y" is a consonant letter, while "I" is a vowel.

The fate of the letter "Yo" is also interesting. In 1783, the director of the Academy of Sciences, Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova, proposed introducing this letter into the alphabet. This initiative was supported by the Russian writer and historian N. M. Karamzin. However, the letter was not widely used. "Yo" settled in the Russian alphabet by the middle of the 20th century, but its use in print media continues to be unsteady: either "Yo" is required to be used, or it is categorically not accepted.

The use of the letter "Yo" vaguely resembles the fate of the Izhitsa "V", the letter that once completed the alphabet. It was practically not used, because. was replaced by other letters, but continued to proudly exist in some words.

The next letter worthy of special mention is "Ъ" - a solid sign. Before the reform of 1918, this letter was called "er" and was used in writing much more often than now. Namely, it was necessarily written at the end of words ending in a consonant. The abolition of the rule to end the word with "er" led to great savings in the publishing business, since the amount of paper for books was immediately reduced. But the solid sign remained in the alphabet; it performs a very necessary function when it stands inside a word.

To record sounding speech, letters are required. There are 33 letters in modern Russian that make up the Russian alphabet. All the necessary information about the alphabet is presented in our article.

Short story

Who created the Russian alphabet? The question is not so obvious. Indeed, over the antiquity of years, a lot of changes have been made to it, many reforms have been carried out.

In Russia, the alphabet - Cyrillic - appeared in connection with the adoption of Christianity, and it was required primarily in the church. Each letter had a different name (for example, a - az, b - beeches, c - lead, etc.) The numbers were also indicated by letters. Written without spaces or punctuation marks. Long and well-known words were written in abbreviated form, putting a special sign over them - a title. To make it easier for the monks who were taught to read to memorize the alphabet in order, they were offered to memorize a special prayer ("alphabet"), where each line began with a letter in alphabetical order (the first - in az, the second - in beeches, etc.).

There is no doubt that the creators of the first Slavic alphabet are Saints Cyril and Methodius. But what is the first alphabet? There is an opinion that Cyril created the Glagolitic alphabet, and the Cyrillic alphabet, which is the basis of the modern alphabet, is the creation of a student of St. Cyril, Clement of Ohrid.

Many reforms of the Russian alphabet were intended to bring it closer to what sounds are actually still used in speech. Therefore, the letters Ѯ, Ѱ, Ѳ, V and several others disappeared.

Oral speech is primary, so the alphabet is designed to reflect its phonetic composition.

Letters of the Russian alphabet

The basis of the Russian, as well as the Latin, alphabet was Greek. Many letters are very similar now. For example, β - in, π - p, etc. However, the sound composition of the Greek language differs from the Slavic. Therefore, Cyril and Methodius slightly increased the number of letters, striving to ensure that the alphabet had signs for all vowels and consonants. We do not have to resort to the use of special icons or write 2-3 letters to convey one sound.

Learning the alphabet

Letters in Russian, as in any other alphabet, are arranged in a certain order. Naturally, it is random. So is it necessary to memorize the Russian alphabet in order? Of course you do! After all, it is in this sequence that the words in the dictionary and the names of the children in the school magazine, books in the library and articles in the encyclopedia are located - any elements of any list. Of course, the alphabet is usually given at the beginning of the dictionary for those who could not remember it, but it is always better to know for yourself than to rely on a hint.

Learning the alphabet is easy. The alphabet of the Russian language for children in the form of a poster with colorful pictures can be bought at any store for schoolchildren. There are many poems and songs for memorizing the alphabet in order. For foreigners studying Russian, a transcription table of the Russian alphabet can be useful, which offers not only the outline of letters, but also their pronunciation.

What have we learned?

From the article, we learned that the basis of the Russian alphabet is its Greek counterpart. We learned by whom and when the alphabet was invented. They answered the question why in everyday life to know the order of the letters in the alphabet.

The modern Russian alphabet consists of 33 letters. The alphabet in its current representation has existed since 1942. In fact, the year 1918 can be considered the year of the formation of the modern Russian alphabet - then it consisted of 32 letters (without the letter ё). The origin of the alphabet, according to historical documents, is associated with the names Cyril and Methodius and dates back to the 9th century AD. From the moment of its origin until 1918, the alphabet changed several times, incorporating and excluding signs. At one time it had over 40 letters. The Russian alphabet is also sometimes called the Russian alphabet.

Russian alphabet with the name of the letters

On our site for each letter of the Russian alphabet there is a separate page with a detailed description, examples of words, pictures, poems, riddles. They can be printed or downloaded. Click on the letter you want to go to its page.

A a B b C c D d E f f f g f g h I i y y k k l l M m N n O P p p r s s t t u u v f x x z z z h Sh sh y y y y b

Often in written speech, instead of the letter e, the letter e is used. In most cases, the substitution is straightforward for the reader, but in some contexts it is necessary to use the letter ё to avoid ambiguity. Russian letters are neuter nouns. It should be borne in mind that the style of the letters depends on the font.

Letter numbering

In some logical tasks to determine the next element in a series, in games when solving comic ciphers, in competitions for knowledge of the alphabet, and in other similar cases, it is required to know the serial numbers of the letters of the Russian alphabet, including numbers when counting from the end to the beginning of the alphabet. Our visual "strip" will help you quickly determine the number of a letter in the alphabet.

• BUT
  1
  33
• B
  2
  32
• AT
  3
  31
• G
  4
  30
• D
  5
  29
• E
  6
  28
• Yo
  7
  27
• AND
  8
  26
• Z
  9
  25
• And
  10
  24
• Y
  11
  23
• To
  12
  22
• L
  13
  21
• M
  14
  20
• H
  15
  19
• O
  16
  18
• P
  17
  17

• R
  18
  16
• FROM
  19
  15
• T
  20
  14
• At
  21
  13
• F
  22
  12
• X
  23
  11
• C
  24
  10
• H
  25
  9
• W
  26
  8
• SCH
  27
  7
• Kommersant
  28
  6
• S
  29
  5
• b
  30
  4
• E
  31
  3
• YU
  32
  2
• I
  33
  1

Letters of the Russian alphabet

Frequent questions about the letters of the Russian alphabet are: how many letters are in the alphabet, which of them are vowels and consonants, which are called uppercase and which are lowercase? Basic information about letters is often found in popular questions for primary school students, in erudition and IQ tests, in questionnaires for foreigners on knowledge of the Russian language, and other similar problems.

Number of letters

How many letters are in the Russian alphabet?

There are 33 letters in the Russian alphabet.

Some people, in order to memorize the number of letters in the Russian alphabet, associate them with popular phrases: “33 pleasures”, “33 misfortunes”, “33 cows”. Other people associate with facts from their lives: I live in apartment number 33, I live in region 33 (Vladimir region), I play in team number 33 and the like. And if the number of letters of the alphabet is forgotten again, then the associated phrases help to remember it. It will probably help you too?

Vowels and consonants

How many vowels and consonants are in the Russian alphabet?

10 vowels + 21 consonants + 2 no sounds

Among the letters of the Russian alphabet are:

• 10 vowels: a, o, y, s, e, i, e, e, u, and;
• 21 consonant letters: b, c, d, d, d, g, h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, f, x, c, h, w, u;
• 2 letters that do not mean sounds: b, b.

The letter means sound. Compare: “ka”, “el” are the names of letters, [k], [l] are sounds.

Uppercase and lowercase

Which letters are uppercase and which are lowercase?

Letters are uppercase (or uppercase) and lowercase:

• A, B, C ... E, U, Z - capital letters,
• a, b, c ... uh, u, z - lowercase letters.

Sometimes they say: large and small letters. But this wording is incorrect, since it means the size of the letter, and not its style. Compare:
B is a large capital letter, B is a small capital letter, b is a large lowercase letter, b is a small lowercase letter.

Proper names are written with a capital letter, the beginning of sentences, an appeal to “you” with an expression of deep respect. In computer programs, the term "letter case" is used. Uppercase letters are typed in uppercase, lowercase letters are typed in lowercase.

Thus, the Proto-Slavic alphabet is a Message - a set of coding phrases that allow each sound of the language system to be given an unambiguous graphic correspondence (i.e., a letter).

And now - WARNING! Consider the first three letters of the alphabet - az, beeches, lead. Az - "I". Beeches (beeches) - "letters, letters." Lead (vede) - “learned”, perfect past tense from “lead” - know, know.
Combining the acrophonic names of the first three letters of the alphabet, we get the following:
"az buki vede" - "I know the letters."

Combined into phrases and all subsequent letters of the alphabet:
A verb is a “word”, and not only spoken, but also written.
Good - "property, acquired wealth."
There is (este) - the third person singular from the verb "to be".

We read: "the verb is good" - "the word is a property."

Live - imperative mood, plural of "live" - ​​"live in labor, and not vegetate."
Zelo - "zealously, with zeal" (cf. English zeal - stubborn, zealous, jealous - jealous, as well as the biblical name Zealot - "jealous"). Earth - "planet Earth and its inhabitants, earthlings."
And - the union "and".
Izhe - "those who, they are."
Kako - “like”, “like”.
Humans are "reasonable beings".

We read: “live zealously, earth, and others like you” - “live, working hard, earthlings, and as befits people.” Think - imperative mood, plural of "think, comprehend with the mind."

Nash - "our" in the usual sense.
On - "one" in the meaning of "the only one."
Chambers (peace) - "the basis (of the universe)". Wed "to rest" - "to be based on something."

We read: "think our peace" - "comprehend our universe."
Rtsy (rtsi) - imperative mood: "speak, utter, read aloud."
Wed "speech". The word is "transmitting knowledge."
Firmly - "confidently, with conviction."

We read: "Rtsy word is firm" - "carry knowledge with conviction."
Uk - the basis of knowledge, doctrine. Wed science, teach, skill, custom.
Fert, f (b) ret - “fertilizes”.
Kher - "divine, given from above" (cf. German herr - lord, God, Greek "hiero" - divine, English hero - hero, and also the Russian name of God - Khors).

We read: “uk faret Kher” - “knowledge fertilizes the Almighty”, “knowledge is a gift of God”.
Tsy (qi, tsti) - "sharpen, penetrate, delve into, dare."
Worm (worm) - "he who sharpens, penetrates."
Sh (t) a (Sh, Sh) - “what” in the meaning of “to”.
Ъ, Ь (еръ / еръ, ъръ) are variants of one letter, meaning an indefinite short vowel close to “e”.
The variant “b” arose later from “iъ” (this is how the letter “yat” was displayed in writing until the 20th century).
Yus (yus small) - "light", old Russian "yas". In modern Russian, the root "yas" is preserved, for example, in the word "clear".
Yat (yati) - "to comprehend, to have."
“Tsy, worm, shta bra yus yati!”

It stands for “Dare, sharpen, worm, in order to comprehend the Light of Being!”.

The combination of the above phrases makes up the alphabetical Message:

“Az beeches vede. The verb is good.
Live green, earth, and like people,
think of our peace.
Rtsy word firmly - uk feret Kher.
Tsy, worm, shta bra yus yati!

And if you give this message a modern sound, it will turn out something like this:

I know letters. The letter is a treasure.
Work hard earthlings
As befits reasonable people.
Comprehend the universe!
Carry the word with conviction: Knowledge is a gift from God!
Dare, delve into, so that the Light of Existence can be comprehended!