Ceresit tile grout: selection, specifications, colors and application. Ceresit tile grout: selection, specifications, colors and application Cement grout ceresit ce 40 2
When laying tiles in the kitchen, in the bathroom or when creating ceramic cladding on the street, you need to take care of the surface finish - grouting. This will help protect the tile from moisture and prolong its life. It is for these purposes that the cement-based Ceresit CE 40 grout is intended, which is characterized by frost resistance and water-repellent properties. Further in the article, we will consider the scope and color palette of grout from Ceresit.
To work with this grout, the width of the joint should not a exceed 10 mm.
Scope of grout Ceresit CE 40
Due to its excellent performance, the mixture can be used for outdoor and indoor work on vertical and horizontal surfaces. This can be filling joints in ceramic or porcelain stoneware surfaces, facings made of natural stones, such as marble, granite and others.
High elasticity allows the grout to be used even on deformable substrates, such as chipboard, drywall, DSP. Ceresit CE 40 is also suitable for underfloor heating systems, terraces and other substrates that are subject to rapid temperature changes.
In the photo - grout ceresite ce 40
Modifiers for water resistance and antifungal properties - Aquastatic and MicroProtect, respectively, allow the grout to be used for rooms with high levels of humidity. For example, bathrooms, showers and baths. The joint filler is not superfluous on the street either: it can be used for building facades or tile coverings near the pool.
The manufacturer produces other products. Read about what a primer is good for.
Contraindications for use: the mixture is not suitable for fillet and expansion joints, as well as those adjacent to plumbing. For these purposes, silicone fillers are more suitable.
Specifications
Color palette
The palette of the mixture includes 30 colors, which allows you to choose the tone for any tile. Popular colors are white, gray-blue, dark blue, chili, caramel, anthracite, sugar.
Estimated costs can be found below:
| Seam width, mm | Tile size, cm | Consumption, kg / m 2 |
| 5 | 20x20 | 0,5 |
| 3 | 15×15 | 0,4 |
| 3 | 10×20 | 0,4 |
| 2 | 10x10 | 0,4 |
| 3 | 5×5 | 0,7 |
| 2 | 5×5 | 0,5 |
Fact: the specific consumption of the mixture during work depends on the width of the seam, the size of the tile, as well as the general qualifications of the master.
User manual
After laying the tiles, it is necessary to withstand a technological pause. The specific time depends on the adhesive or cement-sand mixture used. For the latter, the exposure period is 7 days. After this time, you can proceed to the preparation and filling of the seams.
The quality of the result is directly affected by the presence of moisture, grease, cement and other contaminants on the tiles and edges. All this must be wiped off the lining before grouting. It is recommended to dampen the edges of the tiles with a damp cloth or sponge.
How to breed
It is necessary to dilute Ceresit CE 40 grout in water having a temperature of 15-20 0 C. It is necessary to strictly observe the recommended proportions, alternately mixing the dry mixture with the liquid. If the mixture is small, then manual mixing is allowed. To create large solutions, it is recommended to use a construction mixer or a drill with a special nozzle. The optimal number of revolutions is 400-800 per minute.
On the video - dilution of the grout Ceresit ce 40:
The result should be a homogeneous mass without lumps, which should be infused for 5 minutes. After that, the solution must be mixed again. To achieve a uniform color result on tiles, it is best to use grout from the same batch.
Important: after preparing the solution, it must be used within 2 hours.
How to apply on tiles
To apply the grout, you will need a rubber spatula, which should capture a small amount of the mixture from the container. When filling the joints, it is necessary to collect excess mixture from the tiles and apply them to the unfilled places. Work with grout should be even, applying medium force to fill.
After wiping all the seams, you need to wait 15 minutes and wipe the surface with a damp sponge. Excessive moisture can cause a difference in the tones of the grout, so the sponge must be squeezed out well.
On the video - the use of grout Ceresit ce 40:
After filling the seams and wiping them, it remains to remove the dried plaque, which must be done no later than 8 hours from the moment of grouting. The same period for the technological passage. You can walk on the tile one day after filling. During this time, it is necessary to protect the grout from drying out, moisture, wind, sunlight and mechanical damage. Moisture is allowed no earlier than 7 days after application.
Important: if the tile is located outdoors or in conditions with an open source of water, then it is necessary to cover it for 7 days until the solution has completely set.
Price
The cost of grout Ceresit CE 40 is 370-590 rubles. It all depends on the packaging, the chosen color and the offer of a particular store.
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What is the price of grouting tiles in the bathroom and which one should be used and what name will help to understand the content in this
But how to use a moisture-resistant grout for tile joints in the bathroom and what is the consumption of this material when used, this will help to understand
There are Ceresit grouts for tiles in almost every hardware store in Russia, but for each case you need to use a certain type of mixture. If you have never encountered laying tiles, then you are unlikely to be able to immediately understand what kind of mixture you need to buy. Therefore, in this article we have collected a description and technical characteristics of all Ceresit grouts and instructions for their use.
In total, Ceresit has 6 types of tile grout:
- Ceresit CE 33 Super. Suitable for narrow joints up to 5 mm.
- Ceresit CE 35 Super. For joints from 4 to 15 mm.
- Ceresit CE 43 Super Strong. Strong elastic grout for joints 5-20 mm.
- Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic. Elastic, for seams up to 10 mm.
- Ceresit CE 79 Ultra Pox. Chemical resistant two-component grout. Good for mosaic.
- Ceresit CS 25. Silicone grout-sealant, mainly used for sealing joints between tiles and a bathroom, at the sink.
There is also Ceresit CT 10 Super. This is a water repellent that gives the seams water-repellent properties after application, additionally protects them from dirt and fungus. Completely transparent.
Specifications
The photo shows the technical characteristics of all Ceresit jointing compounds:
CE 35 
CE 33 
CE 40 
CE 43 
CE 79 
CS 25 
CT 10
Quick article navigation
Grout selection table
| Name | CE 33 | CE 35 | CE 40 | CE 43 | CS 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Permissible joint width, mm | <5 | 4-15 | 10 | 5-20 | 5-30 |
| Color range, pcs. | 26 | 5 | 30 | 12 | 16 |
| Water resistance | + | + | + | + | + |
| hydrophobicity | together with ST 10 | together with ST 10 | + | + | + |
| Dirt resistance | together with ST 10 | together with ST 10 | + | + | + |
| Sun and weather resistance | + | + | + | + | + |
| Antifungal effect | + | + | + | + | |
| Fillet and expansion joints | + | ||||
| Connection to a sink or bath | + | ||||
| Wet areas (kitchens, bathrooms, showers) | together with ST 10 | together with ST 10 | + | + | + |
| External cladding (facade, plinth, balcony) | together with ST 10 | together with ST 10 | + | + | + |
| Decorative stone or brick masonry | + | + | + | ||
| Pools | + | + | + | + | + |
| High load floors (garages, shops, porches) | + | ||||
| Glazed ceramic tiles | + | + | + | ||
| Unglazed porcelain tiles or clinker | + | + | + | + | + |
| Natural stone (except marble) | + | + | + | + | + |
| marble tiles | + | ||||
| Mosaic made of glass, stone or ceramics | + | + | + | + | |
| rubble stone | + | + | + | ||
| decorative brick | + | + | + |
Grout consumption
Below is a summary table of the consumption of all Ceresit grouts (approximate consumption of dry mix per square of cladding):
| Tile size, cm | Seam width, mm | Seam depth, mm | Consumption CE 33, kg/m2 | Consumption CE 35, kg/m2 | Consumption CE 40, kg/m2 | Consumption CE 43, kg/m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5*5 | 2 | 0,5 | 0,5 | |||
| 5*5 | 3 | 0,7 | 0,7 | |||
| 10*10 | 2 | 0,4 | 0,4 | |||
| 10*10 | 3 | 0,4 | 0,4 | |||
| 15*15 | 3 | 0,4 | 0,4 | |||
| 20*20 | 5 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,5 | ||
| 25*25 | 8 | 0,8 | ||||
| 30*30 | 10 | 1,0 | ||||
| 40*40 | 12 | 1,0 | ||||
| 50*50 | 12 | 1,2 | ||||
| 60*60 | 5 | 8 | 0,2 | |||
| 40*40 | 5 | 8 | 0,3 | |||
| 24*6 | 5 | 8 | 1,0 | |||
| 24*6 | 10 | 8 | 1,9 | |||
| 40*20 | 10 | 15 | 1,4 | |||
| 40*20 | 20 | 20 | 3,6 | |||
| 50*20 | 20 | 30 | 5,0 |
The consumption of two-component grout CE 79 will depend on its application. If you use it to fix tiles, then the approximate consumption will be as follows:
If you are using this epoxy grout for grouting cladding:
Approximate consumption of silicone grout-sealant CS25:
Color spectrum
Tile grouting instructions
- Work can only be started after the tile adhesive has completely cured (see the drying time on the packaging). If laying took place on a conventional cement-sand mixture, then this period should be at least 7 days.
- The edges of the tile must be free of adhesive residue, grease and dust. For better adhesion, it is recommended to moisten them with a damp sponge.
- If you are filling an old lining, the old mixture must be completely removed from the joints. They must be equal in depth and width.
- If the tile is not covered with glaze, you must first test whether the pigments from the grout will stain its surface.
Preparing the mixture
- To stir the dry cement-based mixture, it is best to use water at a temperature of 15-20 degrees. Measure the required amount of water (but do not overdo it, otherwise the technical characteristics of the grout will deteriorate) and, while stirring, gradually pour the dry mixture into it. You should get a homogeneous solution without lumps.
- If you are preparing a small amount of the mixture, this can be done manually, but for large volumes it is more convenient to stir it with a drill or a mixer with a nozzle at 400-800 rpm.
- After that, it is important to wait a pause of 5 minutes for the mixture to mature, and mix it again. You now have 60 minutes to use it.
Grout application
When working, be sure to protect your skin and eyes, the grout contains cement, which, after dilution with water, gives an alkaline reaction.
Sealing decorative masonry:
- The application of the mixture is done using a mounting gun or a cone-shaped bag with a hole. In this case, it is better to start work from the top of the walls, and move down.
- After filling the masonry joints, they must be smoothed out with a narrow spatula or rubber jointer. First of all, the vertical seams are smoothed, and then the horizontal ones.
- The excess is removed with a spatula when the mixture hardens a little.
Applying silicone grout
- Adjacent surfaces to the seam are recommended to be covered with masking tape.
- In the expansion joints, you must first insert a polymer tourniquet.
- Cut off the tip of the cartridge, leaving the thread, and screw the tip onto it. Then you will need to cut off part of the tip so that the size of the hole is equal to the width of the seam.
- Insert the cartridge into a special gun and evenly fill the seam.
- Not later than 15 minutes after application, moisten the sealant with soapy water and smooth with a damp spatula, removing excess. After that, the masking tape can be removed.
- The thickness of the grout should be approximately half the width of the joint.
- If you need to remove fresh silicone grout, you can do this with alcohol or acetone. Hardened - only mechanically.
When the silicone grout hardens, acetic acid is released into the air, so you need to ensure good ventilation and immediately leave the room after work is done.
Applying epoxy grout
Grout Ceresit CE 79 consists of two components that are sold in one package. To prepare the mixture, it is necessary to completely drain the hardener (component B) into the epoxy resin (component A) and mix thoroughly with a mixer at a speed of 400 rpm. The mixture can be used within 90 minutes after preparation.
Filling the seams with a spatula:
The seams must be completely and without gaps filled with a special spatula for epoxy grouts. With the same spatula, you need to remove the excess, with diagonal movements in relation to the seams.
Filling joints with a mounting gun:
The finished mixture must be loaded into the cartridge for the gun and evenly squeezed through the tip with a hole of a suitable diameter into the seams. The excess is removed with an epoxy grout trowel.
Tile fixing:
If the cladding is used in rooms with a high chemical or hydraulic load (pools, garages), the base must first be treated with epoxy waterproofing.
The finished mixture must be applied to the base with a notched trowel (the size of the teeth is selected depending on the format of the tile).
Surface cleaning:
- Fresh remains of epoxy grout can only be removed with a soft and slightly damp sponge. In a circular motion, it must first be turned into an emulsion, and then this mass should be removed.
- After 3-6 hours (but no more) after application, you need to remove the remaining plaque on the tile with a soft, clean and damp sponge.
- To simplify the cleaning process, you can use special epoxy grout removers (for example, Litonet, Sopro, Mapei Keraproxy and others).
- The tool must be cleaned with a brush under a stream of warm water. Hardened grout can only be removed mechanically.
- A day after application, it will be possible to walk on the epoxy grout, and in a week it will be completely ready for protection against mechanical and chemical stress.
Application of hydrophobic antifungal impregnation for seams
- If the seams are affected by the fungus, before applying Ceresit CT 10, they must be removed with a wire brush. After that, the dust is removed, and the joints are treated with a fungicidal (antifungal) preparation CT
- Joints must be completely filled with grout. If necessary, they need to be repaired, but the impregnation can be applied only a week after applying the grout.
- To protect adjacent surfaces, they can be covered with masking tape.
- Shake the impregnation thoroughly before use.
- Apply impregnation with a brush to the joints.
- If the entire surface is treated, it can be poured and then spread evenly with a rubber spatula or a short pile roller.
- After 5-15 minutes, the excess impregnation must be removed and the surface wiped with a damp cloth.
- Fresh dirt can be easily removed with water, but dried dirt can only be removed with a solvent.
Properties of grouting ceramic tiles Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic
- available in 30 colors, including white;
- has an enhanced antifungal effect (Trio Protection "Micro Protect" formula);
- water-repellent (Aquastatic effect);
- resistant to dirt, easy to clean;
- elastic, resistant to deformation;
- has a high color fastness;
- perfectly smooth;
- water and frost resistant;
- can be used on underfloor heating;
- suitable for indoor and outdoor use;
- environmentally safe.
Scope of Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic
Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic grout is designed for grouting ceramic, stone (including marble) and glass facings on floors and walls inside and outside buildings, with a joint width of up to 10 mm. Due to its high elasticity, Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic ceramic tile grout can be used on deformable substrates (chipboard, chipboard, plasterboard, etc.) and substrates subject to temperature fluctuations (heated floors, terraces, outdoor pool baths, etc.) .
Thanks to the Aquastatic effect (hydrophobic properties) and the MicroProtect formula (high resistance to fungus and mold), CE 40 grout is optimal for use in rooms with constant humidity: bathrooms, showers, kitchens, etc.
Corner joints, expansion joints and joints adjoining sanitary equipment are recommended to be filled with CS 25 silicone grout.
Foundation preparation
The grouting of tiled cladding joints should only be carried out after the expiration of the period specified in the instructions for the adhesive used. If a traditional cement-sand mixture was used to fasten the tiles, the joints can be filled no earlier than 7 days after laying the tiles.
The base and tile adhesive must be dry. The edges of the joints must be cleaned of tile adhesive, as well as dust, grease and other contaminants that prevent the adhesion of the grout. It is recommended to moisten the edges of the tiles with a damp sponge. When grouting existing tile facings, the old grout must be completely removed.
In the case of matte, unglazed or stone tiles, it is necessary to test the color of the tiles with the pigments contained in the grout.
Execution of work
To prepare the mixture, take a measured amount of clean water with a temperature of +15 to +20 ° C. Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic dry mix is gradually added to the water while stirring, achieving a homogeneous mass without lumps. Mixing must be done with a mixer or a drill with a nozzle at a rotation speed of 400-800 rpm. Then, a technological pause is maintained for about 5 minutes to mature the mixture and mix again. The Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic mixture, ready for use, must be used up within 2 hours of preparation. An overdose of water leads to a deterioration in the technical characteristics of the grout!
The joints are filled with Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic grout using a rubber spatula, collecting excess from the surface with diagonal movements. After about 15 minutes, the surface of the lining is gently wiped with a damp, well-wrung out, often rinsed sponge. Excessive wetting of the seams can lead to uneven tone! Dried plaque from the tiles is removed with a dry soft cloth no later than 8 hours after grouting. Technological passage is possible after 8 hours, and the first contact with water - 7 days after filling the joints of ceramic tiles.
Works should be carried out at air and substrate temperatures from +5 to +30 °C and relative air humidity not higher than 80%. High humidity of the base, different amount of mixing water, uneven drying and too intensive smoothing of the seams can lead to uneven tone. In order to avoid differences in the shades of the joints, it is recommended to use the grout of the same batch on the same plane. When working, use tools made of stainless materials. Within 24 hours after filling the joints, the grout must be protected from drying out (protected from direct sunlight, wind, heat, etc.), and within 7 days - from contact with water (for outdoor work, provide protection from rain).
Shelf life Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic
In dry conditions, on pallets, in original undamaged packaging - no more than 24 months from the date of manufacture.
Packaging Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic
Grout for joints of ceramic tiles Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic is supplied in polymer buckets of 2 kg.
Specifications Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic
| CE 40 Aquastatic: | mixture of cement, mineral aggregates, pigments and polymer modifiers |
| Bulk density of the dry mix: | 0.95 ± 0.1 kg/dm³ |
| Amount of mixing water: | 0.6 - 0.64 l per 2 kg of dry mix |
| Density of the mixture ready for use: | 1.75 ± 0.1 kg/dm³ |
| Mobility by immersion of the cone, PC: | 7.5 ± 1.0 cm |
| Consumption time: | at least 2 hours |
| Application temperature: | +5 to +30 °C |
| Possibility of technological passage: | after 8 hours |
| Compressive strength at the age of 28 days: | not less than 15 MPa |
| Tensile strength in bending at the age of 28 days: | not less than 3.5 MPa |
| Adhesion to concrete at the age of 28 days: | not less than 0.6 MPa |
| Achieving full hydrophobicity: | in 7 days |
| Frost resistance of the hardened solution: | at least 100 cycles (F100) |
| Operating temperature: | -50 to +70 °C |
| Flammability group: | NG (GOST 30244-94) |
Approximate consumption of dry mix CE 40 Aquastatic depending on the joint width and tile size:
Note:
The consumption of material depends on the quality of preparation of the foundation and the qualifications of the performers of the work and may be higher than the indicated values.
Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic grout is designed for joints up to 10 mm wide. It is water and frost resistant. It can be used for grouting joints in the bath along with such grouts as Ceresit CE 35 Super.
CE 40 Aquastatic - elastic water-repellent grout
for joints up to 10 mm
- available in 30 colors, including white;
- has an enhanced antifungal effect (Trio Protection "Micro Protect" formula);
- water-repellent (Aquastatic effect);
- resistant to dirt, easy to clean;
- elastic, resistant to deformation;
- has a high color fastness;
- perfectly smooth;
- water and frost resistant;
- can be used on underfloor heating;
- suitable for indoor and outdoor use;
- environmentally safe.
Application area
Grout CE 40 Aquastatic is intended for grouting ceramic, stone (including marble) and glass facings on floors and walls inside and outside buildings, with a joint width of up to 10 mm. Due to its high elasticity, the grout can be used on deformable substrates (chipboard, chipboard, drywall, etc.) and substrates subject to temperature fluctuations (heated floors, terraces, outdoor pools, etc.).
Thanks to the Aquastatic effect (hydrophobic properties) and the MicroProtect formula (high resistance to fungus and mold), CE 40 grout is optimal for use in rooms with constant humidity: bathrooms, showers, kitchens, etc.
It is recommended to fill corner, deformation and seams adjacent to sanitary equipment.
Foundation preparation
The grouting of tiled cladding joints should only be carried out after the expiration of the period specified in the instructions for the adhesive used. If a traditional cement-sand mixture was used to fasten the tiles, the joints can be filled no earlier than 7 days after laying the tiles.
The base and tile adhesive must be dry. The edges of the joints must be cleaned of tile adhesive, as well as dust, grease and other contaminants that prevent the adhesion of the grout. It is recommended to moisten the edges of the tiles with a damp sponge. When grouting existing tile facings, the old grout must be completely removed.
In the case of matte, unglazed or stone tiles, it is necessary to test the color of the tiles with the pigments contained in the grout.
Execution of work
To prepare the mixture, take a measured amount of clean water with a temperature of +15 to +20 ° C. The dry mixture is gradually added to the water with stirring, achieving a homogeneous mass without lumps. Mixing must be done with a mixer or a drill with a nozzle at a rotation speed of 400-800 rpm. Then, a technological pause is maintained for about 5 minutes to mature the mixture and mix again. The ready-to-use mixture must be used up within 2 hours of preparation.. An overdose of water leads to a deterioration in the technical characteristics of the grout!
The joints are filled with grout with a rubber spatula, collecting excess from the surface with diagonal movements. After about 15 minutes, the surface of the lining is gently wiped with a damp, well-wrung out, often rinsed sponge. Excessive wetting of the seams can lead to uneven tone!
Dried plaque from the tiles is removed with a dry soft cloth no later than 8 hours after grouting. Technological passage is possible after 8 hours, and the first contact with water - 7 days after filling the joints.
- Works should be carried out at air and substrate temperatures from +5 to +30°C and relative air humidity not higher than 80%.
- High humidity of the base, different amount of mixing water, uneven drying and too intensive smoothing of the seams can lead to uneven tone. In order to avoid differences in the shades of the joints, it is recommended to use the grout of the same batch on the same plane.
- When working, use tools made of stainless materials.
- Within 24 hours after filling the joints, the grout must be protected from drying out (protected from direct sunlight, wind, heat, etc.), and within 7 days - from contact with water (for outdoor work, provide protection from rain).
Shelf life
In dry conditions, on pallets, in original undamaged packaging - no more than 24 months from the date of manufacture.
Package
Dry mix CE 40 Aquastatic is supplied in 2 kg plastic pails.
Specifications
Color range CE 40 Aquastatic
CE 40 Aquastatic color range (click to enlarge) The product contains cement and when interacting with water gives an alkaline reaction, therefore, when working with it, it is necessary to protect the eyes and skin. If the mixture gets into the eyes, rinse them with water and seek medical attention.
In addition to the technical description, when working with the material, one should be guided by the relevant building codes and rules of the Russian Federation. The manufacturer is not responsible for non-compliance with the technology when working with the material, as well as for its use for purposes and conditions not provided for in this technical description. If in doubt about the suitability of a particular application of a material, you should test it yourself or consult the manufacturer. The technical description, as well as recommendations not confirmed in writing, cannot serve as a basis for the unconditional liability of the manufacturer. With the advent of this technical description, all previous ones become invalid.
Art. No. 2406437
Ceresit CE 40 Aquastatic. Due to its high elasticity, the grout can be used on deformable substrates (particle boards, drywall, etc.) and substrates subject to temperature fluctuations (heated floors, terraces, outdoor pools, etc.).
Due to the "Aquastatic" effect (hydrophobic properties) and the "MicroProtect" formula (high resistance to fungus and mold), the grout is optimal for use in rooms with constant humidity: bathrooms, showers, kitchens, etc. Designed for filling joints of ceramic, stone (including marble) and glass facings on floors and walls inside and outside buildings, with a joint width of up to 10 mm.
Properties:
- has an enhanced antifungal effect (Trio Protection "Micro Protect" formula)
- water repellent resistant to dirt
- easy to clean
- elastic, resistant to deformation
- has high abrasion resistance
- has a high color fastness
- perfectly smooth
- water and frost resistant
- Can be used on underfloor heating
- suitable for indoor and outdoor use
- environmentally safe.
Stages of work:
Preparing the mixture:
To prepare the mixture, take a measured amount of clean water with a temperature of +15 to +20 degrees Celsius. The dry mixture is gradually added to the water with stirring, achieving a homogeneous mass without lumps. Small amounts of grout are mixed manually, and significant amounts are mixed with a mixer or a drill with a nozzle at a rotation speed of 400-800 rpm.
Then, a technological pause is maintained for about 5 minutes to mature the mixture and mix again. The ready-to-use mixture must be used up within 60 minutes of preparation.
An overdose of water leads to a deterioration in the technical characteristics of the grout!
Seam filling:
The grout is applied to the lining with a rubber spatula and spread over its surface, gently rubbing into the seams. The excess grout is collected with a spatula and the operation is repeated again.
Cleaning the cladding surface:
After about 15 minutes, the surface of the lining is gently wiped with a damp, well-wrung out, often rinsed sponge.
Excessive wetting of the seams can lead to uneven tone!
Dried plaque from the tiles is removed with a dry soft cloth no later than 8 hours after grouting.
Technological passage is possible after 8 hours, and the first contact with water - 7 days after filling the joints.