Reinforcement of gypsum plaster with mesh. Facade reinforcing mesh. Polyurethane plaster mesh with fine mesh

Knowing how the plaster is carried out on the grid allows you to skillfully act when there is a risk of mortar slipping. To prevent this from happening, the wall is reinforced with reinforced material. Do you need mesh for plastering? As a reinforcing layer, it is simply necessary.

The solution on the walls lingers in the cells of the canvases and does not flow down. After the applied mixture hardens on the surface of the walls, a durable durable coating is formed. A 10 mm thick layer of plaster can do without reinforcement. With a thicker coating, the installation of reinforcement is required.

Modern mesh plastering technologies use several types of reinforcing materials:

• fiberglass;
• polymeric;
• metal.

fiberglass

Similar fine meshes are used on surfaces with non-critical defects.

The fiberglass grid for plaster represents a thin fine-meshed cloth.

Wall plastering on a grid of this type is applied to the walls inside the premises. Fiberglass sheets are mounted on surfaces that do not require special alignment.

Typically, such a grid is covered with a thin layer.

Polymer

Recently, plastic has become very popular. In terms of their bearing capacity, polymer sheets are in some cases equivalent to metal reinforcement, and at a cost an order of magnitude lower.

Polymer meshes do not weigh down the structure

On sale you can always find a polymer mesh with different cell sizes and thicknesses. It can be used to level walls with surface deflections up to 20 mm per 1 running meter.

metal

It is recommended to use metal mesh on surfaces with large defects.

The metal grid for plaster is applied generally to finishing of facades. Metal reinforcement reinforces the surfaces of fences with complex geometry, deflections of more than 20 mm per 1 running meter.

For metal, mainly cement-based mixtures are used.

Metal coatings are produced in several modifications:

1. The woven structure of the cover is made from fine wire. Woven fabric covers walls both inside and outside buildings. The usual cell size is 10x10 mm.
2. Woven reinforcement is also called chain-link mesh. It is very convenient to use when reinforcing large areas. The standard cell size is 20x20 mm.
3. Welded sheets are made by spot welding of metal rods. Welded reinforcement is used for significant shrinkage of buildings and structures. The cells of such reinforcement are made in sizes from 20x20 mm to 30x30 mm.
4. Expanded-drawn fittings are made by stretching a metal sheet, previously cut through with transverse notches. When the sheet is stretched on a special machine, the sheet forms diamond-shaped cells. Reinforcement of this type not only withstands a thick layer of plaster, but also significantly increases the load-bearing capacity of building envelopes.

Plastering on metal meshes forms the most reliable and durable layer of wall decoration than on the basis of reinforcement from other materials.

Mesh installation

Each type of reinforcement, taking into account the characteristics of the material. For more information about the types of building grids, see this video:

Attach the mesh to the solution

Lightweight plaster mesh does not require special fixation.

Fiberglass mesh for plaster is attached around the perimeter with a mortar rubbed with a spatula.

The strips are overlapped with each other with an overlap of 150-200 mm, for which, before starting work, the mesh is cut into strips, taking into account this overlap.

With a particularly complex configuration of the wall surface, the canvas is additionally fixed with dowels. If the strips are placed on wooden surfaces, then it is convenient to make fasteners with a stapler.

Coating with polymer sheets

Plastic sheets are fixed in some cases in the same way as. In other mounting options, they resort to the use of dowels and self-tapping screws. The material is overlapped, leading one strip to another by 150-200 mm.

Metallic coatings

Fasten the metal mesh to the dowels

Metal plaster mesh can withstand fairly thick layers of finishes. Due to the fact that such reinforcement has a significant specific gravity, the fastening of metal reinforcement must be especially reliable. Installation of a metal wall covering is performed as follows:

1. The pre-reinforced coating is cut into fragments of the required size, not forgetting the overlaps when connecting the meshes with an overlap.
2. If the canvases have been stored in a warehouse for a long time, they are treated with a solvent or rust reducer.
3. Thin coatings are cut with scissors for metal. Welded and expanded metal sheets are cut with a grinder with a cutting wheel for metal.
4. Grids are fastened with dowels. To do this, holes are drilled in the wall (if the wall is concrete, then this is done with a puncher). Plastic dowels are inserted into the holes.
5. Begin reinforcement from one of the upper corners of the wall. Having attached the grid to the wall, screw the screws with washers into the dowels. Washers play the role of clamps.
6. A distinctive feature is that during such work, the canvas is fixed in such a way that a small gap of 3-5 mm remains between the reinforcement and the wall. This is necessary to place reinforcement in the body of the plaster layer, which gives the wall decoration greater solidity and high bearing capacity. For a detailed description of the process, see this video:

Reinforcement must be fixed in a taut state and not sag. Otherwise, you can get the formation of voids in the body of the finish, which will adversely affect the bearing capacity of the plaster.

Installation of beacons

When the reinforced canvases are fixed on the fence, guide bars (beacons) are installed to move the rules along them. The rules are made from a piece of metal profile with a length of 1 to 1.5 m.

The guide rails are fixed with gypsum mortar. The ruler controls the level of beacons.

Wall plastering

Mesh fences are plastered in 2-3 layers.

The walls are plastered in several layers

Work is carried out in the following order:

1. The first layer is applied using the cape method. The typed solution on the trowel is thrown onto the fence with a sharp movement of the hand. To do this, use a mixture of consistency resembling liquid sour cream. This method of applying the solution allows you to get a dense, durable layer of plaster.
2. After the first layer "grabs", the next layer of plaster is applied. The second layer is made from a denser mixture - a pasty consistency.
3. Plastering is done from the bottom up. The solution thrown from below is picked up by the rule and brought up. During the movement of the rule, it is slightly alternately shifted from side to side. This contributes to the uniform distribution of the mixture over the wall surface.
4. After the plaster has dried, the beacons are removed. The remaining gaps are sealed with mortar.
5. At the end of the work, be sure to grout the surface of the walls. To do this, take a liquid mixture. With circular movements of a wooden grout or trowel, the liquid solution is rubbed onto the plastered wall, which finally forms the finished surface of the wall.

Plaster on the grid is an effective way to rough finish the walls. A particular advantage of this method is that it can be used to apply a thick layer of grout that will not slip and flake off under its own weight during the finishing process. What is the procedure itself, what types of mesh to use in certain cases, and how to fix them? More on this later.

When plastering walls without the use of a reinforcing layer, there is a high risk that the applied mortar will simply fall off the base. And when finishing brick and wooden surfaces, the plaster may begin to peel off and crumble even after the repair is completed. This is usually due to insufficient adhesion of the materials indicated above. The grid allows you to form a monolithic slab, which is not afraid of any load. Different grids are designed for a certain load, and the type of material used depends on the thickness of the plaster layer.

On a note! With the help of reinforcement, a durable coating is created that does not crack during long-term operation. Even if the mortar preparation technology is violated, the mesh will ensure the integrity of the plaster layer.

Grid types

There are several types of products used for reinforcement, the main of which are the following materials:

• fiberglass;
• metal.

Types of reinforcing mesh: a - metal; b - fiberglass

When applying a thin layer of mortar on a flat surface, a fiberglass cloth is usually used. For finishing curved walls, when the thickness of the plaster is more than 2 centimeters, only a metal product is suitable.

In turn, metal meshes also come in several types:

• woven - a durable and flexible material that is made from a small wire section. Use such a product for both external and internal work. When choosing a woven fabric for reinforcement, it should be borne in mind that the optimal mesh size in this case is 1x1 cm;
• wicker - she is a chain-link mesh. Best suited for finishing surfaces with a large area. The most common cell size is 2x2 cm;
• welded - made of wire using spot welding. The rods located perpendicular to each other form square cells, the optimal size of which during reinforcement is 2-3 cm. Welded products are most often used for finishing buildings subject to strong shrinkage;
• expanded metal- made from sheet metal by forming diamond-shaped cells on a special machine. Such material is usually mounted in cases where a small solution consumption is expected per 1 m2.

How to fix a metal mesh?

To work with a metal mesh, you will need self-tapping screws, building dowels and metal mounting tape.

1. Before mounting the canvas, it is necessary to cut off the desired piece, having previously measured the area on which the plaster will be applied in the future. For cutting thin material, metal scissors will suffice. If the product is made of wire with a diameter of 2 mm or more, you will need a grinder. The cut cloth must be degreased by wiping it with a rag moistened with a solvent.
2. Fastening the mesh under the plaster should start from the ceiling. The top of the material is fixed along the entire length with self-tapping screws, under the caps of which cut fragments of the mounting tape are placed. Wide washers can also be used as spacers, but they are much more expensive than tape.
3. When mounting on a concrete or brick surface, drill holes in the wall and insert plastic dowels into them.
4. The distance between the screws depends on the size of the cells and the thickness of the mesh itself. But in any case, it is desirable that the fastening step be no more than 40-50 cm. At the fixing points, the canvas may come into contact with the wall, and in the intervals between the fasteners, it should not come into contact with the surface, since in this case the quality of the plaster layer will deteriorate.
5. At the joints, the material is mounted with an overlap of 8-10 cm.
6. A properly fixed canvas should be well stretched. If the material does not vibrate in places where there are no fasteners, then everything is in order. Otherwise, the formation of voids under the mesh is possible, which will adversely affect the quality of the finish.

Installation of fiberglass

In this case, the plaster mesh is attached to the wall by fixing the material only along the perimeter of the canvas. First, with the help of self-tapping screws, the upper edge of the mesh is fixed in several places, and then all other sides. Additional fasteners are usually not used, since later, when applying the solution, the mesh is securely fixed in the thickness of the plaster.

It is possible to fix the fiberglass mesh on the wall with only one plaster solution; if difficulties arise, you can use self-tapping screws

Since the mesh was initially rolled up, for ease of installation it is better to unwind and fasten the material along the walls, parallel to the floor. You need to start fastening from above, from any corner of the room. The joints are overlapped with an overlap of 15-20 cm.

Should know! It is best to cut the material so that you can stretch the whole canvas. This will provide a higher strength of the plaster layer.

Preparing the wall for plaster and installing beacons

Even when using a grid, the surface needs preliminary preparation:

• First of all, the wall is freed from the old finish (if any) - paint, plaster, etc.
• Next, dust is removed from the surface. If there is fungus and mold on the wall, the affected areas should be cleaned with a metal brush.
• After that, the surface is treated with a primer, which improves the quality of adhesion, strengthens the base and prevents the formation of mold and corrosion.

After preparing the base and installing the reinforcing fabric, you need to help form a flat surface during the plastering process. A special profile is used as beacons.

Installation is the following procedure:

1. Using the building level, set the extreme profile in a strictly vertical position and fasten it with two self-tapping screws.
2. Next, the lighthouse is fixed with a plaster solution.
3. The next step is to install the beacon on the other side of the wall. To mount all profiles in the same plane, a thread is pulled between the extreme guides.
4. Then the remaining beacons are installed, the distance between which should be less than the length of the rule.

Surface plastering

After installing the beacons, you can proceed to the plastering process. The plastering of the walls along the grid is carried out in several stages, at each of which one layer of mortar is applied.

First stage. Plastering is usually done in 2 or 3 layers, depending on the wall material. The initial layer is applied by "spraying". To do this, prepare a solution that should resemble sour cream in consistency. The finished mixture is thrown with a trowel or ladle in random order. The solution can also be smeared, but the first option is easier and faster. The applied mixture is leveled with a spatula. The thickness of the "splatter" layer should be about 10 mm.

Second phase. After the first layer has completely dried, a thicker mixture of pasty consistency is kneaded. The solution applied with a trowel is leveled with a rule, which is pressed against the beacons and pulled from the bottom up. This layer should completely cover the reinforcing mesh. After the solution has set, the profiles are pulled out, and the remaining grooves are closed.

Third stage. The final procedure is the final leveling of the frozen surface. To do this, prepare a liquid solution and, applying it to the wall, rub it in a circular motion with a trowel.

The above plastering technology is suitable for finishing any surface, regardless of which reinforcing mesh is used.

During construction, reinforcement is an indispensable material. Reinforcement allows you to strengthen the structure and extend its service life. But why do you need to reinforce the walls, and what materials are needed for the work? We'll figure out.

Very often, during the construction or repair process, you may encounter many wall defects that are quite difficult to disguise or remove completely. You can level the wall with a ball of plaster. But if there are many rough bumps or cracks on the wall, then the plaster itself will not be able to hide them. In such cases, you can apply the reinforcement of the walls with a mesh.

The reinforced surface is more elastic and better absorbs mechanical loads. Reinforcement of walls with mesh is recommended if the thickness of the plaster is 2 centimeters or more.

What is reinforcement used for?

Reinforcement is used in such cases:

1. Wall irregularities. In the process of leveling the walls, you may encounter very large irregularities, to hide which you will have to make a large layer of plaster. But the plaster itself is very heavy and if the layer is quite thick, then it can swell and peel off.
2. Too flat wall. In such cases, the mesh helps the mortar adhere more tightly to the wall.
3. Cracks. With the help of mesh reinforcement, the size of large cracks can be significantly reduced, and if the cracks are smaller, then they can be completely hidden. Also, the mesh prevents the appearance of cracks and microcracks, if used during the construction process.

How to choose the right mesh for reinforcing the wall?

There are many nuances to be aware of when choosing a grid. Reinforcement mesh can be metal, plastic or fiberglass.

Metal mesh is suitable for reinforcing walls with large irregularities (more than 4 centimeters). The metal works well in an alkaline environment and such meshes can be used for plastering with a solution that includes cement. It is also recommended to use metal meshes if the plaster will be carried out with clay. Only in this case it is better to take a grid with a cell size of 50 × 50 millimeters. It is also good to reinforce with metal mesh the walls, which are often subject to mechanical loading (walls of the garage, the first floor of the building).

The use of a plastic mesh is possible only if the plaster does not contain cement. Often used with gypsum mortar for finishing wall plaster. Such a mesh is cheaper than metal or fiberglass, but it is also not durable. When working with such a mesh, experience is needed, as it quickly sags and deforms.

If the plaster layer is thinner, then fiberglass mesh may be used. Such a mesh relatively well keeps the opening of cracks, but small sizes.

Mesh installation

In order to attach the grid to the wall you will need:

• dowel-nails d=6mm and self-tapping screws 4.5mm;
• perforator;
• wire for knitting mesh;
• scissors for cutting metal:
• lighthouses.

The surface of the wall must be cleaned and treated with a primer. Cut the mesh into pieces so that the piece is the entire height of the wall. We start fastening from the bottom with the help of dowel-nails and go up.

To fix the grid, you can bend the edge of the nail or use a galvanized mounting tape. Also often the mesh is fixed with a knitting wire. For this, the dowel must not be completely hammered in and the wire must be tied to the hats with the letter Z. After fastening the wire, the dowel is finished off.

When calculating the required number of dowels, you need to know that about 16-20 pieces will be spent per 1 m².

In order for the mesh not to sag or deform, it must be well stretched and pressed firmly against the wall surface. If there are places where the grid lags behind the wall by 1 centimeter or more, then the plaster may peel off the surface there. The joints must be made overlaid. After fixing the grid, beacons are set.

Then you can proceed to the first layer of plaster. It must be made with a liquid solution. It is necessary to apply the plaster mortar with sharp movements so that it adheres well to the wall between the cells of the reinforcing mesh.

If the first layer has dried well, then you can apply the second. The finishing ball of plaster is made from a thicker solution. Application must be done from the bottom up.

19.04.2014 17:30

In the last few decades, we have such a definition as a renovation of an apartment. This means that there are certain European standards recommended for implementation in the process of performing European-quality repairs. One of these standards is reinforced wall plaster, that is, plastering surfaces using a reinforcing mesh.

Many believe that plaster reinforcement is used to increase adhesion (cohesion) of surfaces and protect them from cracks. This is true, but only in part. To increase and improve adhesion, special compositions are used, with the help of which a primer is made. Reinforcement of plaster is mainly done to hold the plaster layer together, which prevents it from cracking.

The reinforcing mesh can be metal, plastic and fiberglass. The stucco reinforcing metal mesh has large cells with a diameter of more than 4 mm. A metal reinforcing mesh is used when leveling walls with a large amplitude of curvature, when differences in some cases can reach up to 4-5 cm. To plaster such curved walls, plaster is applied in a thick layer, which, after drying, often swells and moves away from the surface. Reinforcement avoids this.

Plastic mesh has less strength and can be chemically attacked by cement-sand plaster. The plastic reinforcing mesh has cells of 2-3 mm, it is mainly used under gypsum plaster when applying a layer of small thickness. Its use is advisable when applying a layer of less than 20 mm, when finishing more or less even walls.

Typically, a layer of gypsum plaster does not exceed 15 mm and is applied in one layer. Reinforcement of plaster on the walls is often done not with a continuous coating, but partially and only in problem areas. However, when performing plastering of ceilings and walls in new buildings, which are still shrinking, reinforcement is done over the entire surface. The painting plastic reinforcing mesh on the walls and ceiling of the new building protects the plaster walls and ceilings from cracks.

According to the observations of European manufacturers of gypsum plaster mixture, the use of a reinforcing layer on the walls of new apartments subject to deformation, the risk of cracks along the thickness of the entire plaster layer is significantly reduced. Let's consider a specific example. After the brick new building was put into operation, rough work was carried out in it. The walls and ceiling were plastered with a gypsum mixture over a building cement-sand plaster. A painting grid was used, in some places even in two layers. Within three years, small cracks appeared in the upper putty layer on the surface of the ceilings and on the walls in several places. Such cracks can be easily repaired.

If it is necessary to strengthen the plaster to prevent the appearance of cracks on it, a reinforcing plaster layer (ASh) is used. For reinforcement, a special mesh is fixed inside the layer, which strengthens the solution. The features of reinforcing plaster, as well as the methods of its application and the types of mesh, will be discussed today.

When reinforcement is needed

Reinforcing plaster is used for:

1. The need to apply a large layer of mortar (additional name),
2. To prevent flaking of the mixture at the junctions of dissimilar surfaces,
3. When carrying out plastering work until the building has completely shrunk.

The norm for the layer thickness is 1.5-2 cm, if the thickness of the solution is greater, then cracks may appear on it. Reinforcement prevents the appearance of defects, so the paint finish does not have to be redone.

Also, problems appear in the case of alignment of walls with surfaces of dissimilar material. If part of the wall is brick and part is gas silicate, then the plaster layer on their border can peel off or give large cracks. Using a grid prevents problems at minimal cost.

Reinforcement is necessary when finishing is carried out before the end of the complete shrinkage of the building. In a good way, it is necessary to plaster the walls six months after the completion of the installation of the box, if it is not possible to wait, then the use of the grid will come to the rescue.

Mesh types

Depending on the plaster, different types of mesh are used for reinforcement. The network happens:

1. metal,
2. plastic (polypropylene),
3. Fiberglass.

Metal mesh is used to strengthen lime-cement plaster, and is also used in masonry work. The material has cells from 1x1 to 5x5 cm.

Polypropylene and fiberglass mesh is used to reinforce the gypsum and polymer mixture, as well as to strengthen the mortar layer on the facade (thermal insulation). Note the U-13 and U-22 polypropylene meshes, which have a mesh size of 13×15 and 22×35 mm, respectively. Polypropylene is not afraid of moisture, is easily attached and 100% copes with the function of strengthening the plaster layer.

Fiberglass mesh has a smaller cell size and is used for full or partial reinforcement of plaster. The material differs in density - the higher it is, the more tear resistant the mesh. Density range - 45-160 gr/m2, cells 2×2-5×5 mm. Such a mesh is more often used in facade work for laying over a heat-insulating layer.

Applying plaster

Reinforcement features depend on the type of plaster mortar.

If it is necessary to strengthen the lime mortar, then a metal mesh is used, which is fixed to the work surface before finishing. The mesh is fixed mechanically (dowels, nails) after stretching to prevent sagging. In exceptional cases, the metal mesh is pressed into the soil layer, but this is a technologically incorrect solution, since the reinforcement layer is not fixed to the surface. The further process of plastering is no different from the usual one - spraying, priming and grinding.

Reinforcement of polymer and gypsum plasters (Typhoon, Rotband, etc.) is carried out inside the solution. For ordinary walls or ceilings, a layer of the mixture is first applied, leveled, then the mesh is fixed, another layer of mortar is applied and grinding is performed. The reinforcement of the heat-insulating cake on the facades is somewhat different. First, the mixture is applied with strokes, the mesh is rolled out on top and smeared with another layer on top. For work, use metal spatulas (from 30 cm) and half trowels.

On the reinforcing plaster, the appearance of cracks is excluded, therefore, it is possible to putty the walls and ceiling immediately after the mortar has dried. Reinforcement increases the cost of work by 20-30%, but the costs are paid off by a longer period of operation of the plaster layer without repair.