Must be at least 0. Fire alarm systems. Gas fire detectors
GOST 25328-82
Group G12
INTERSTATE STANDARD
CEMENT FOR MORTAR
Specifications
masonry cement. Specifications
ISS 91.100.10
OKP 57 3811
Introduction date 1983-01-01
INFORMATION DATA
1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Industry of Building Materials of the USSR
2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the State Committee of the USSR for Construction Affairs of 09.04.82 N 93
3. INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
4. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS
Item number |
|
2.1, 4.1, 6.1 |
5. REPUBLICATION. December 2003
This standard applies to cement obtained on the basis of Portland cement clinker and intended for mortars used in the production of masonry, facing and plastering works, as well as for the manufacture of unreinforced concrete grades M 50 and below, for which frost resistance requirements are not imposed.
1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1. Cement must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to technological regulations approved in the prescribed manner.
1.2. Cement for the construction of mortars is a product obtained by joint grinding of Portland cement clinker, gypsum, active mineral additives and filler additives.
1.3. The materials used for the manufacture of cement must comply with the requirements stipulated in the standards or specifications for these materials.
1.4. Additives
1.4.1. Active mineral additives - according to normative and technical documentation (NTD).
Granulated blast-furnace or electrothermophosphoric slags - according to GOST 3476.
1.4.2. Filler additives
Quartz sand with a silica content of at least 90%. The content of clay, silt and fine pulverized fractions of less than 0.05 mm should not be more than 3%.
Crystalline limestone, marble and dust from electrostatic precipitators of clinker kilns - according to NTD.
1.5. Gypsum stone - according to GOST 4013. It is allowed to use phospho- and borogypsum according to NTD.
1.7. It is allowed to introduce plasticizing or water-repellent additives into cement that improve the quality of cement. The amount of plasticizing additives should be no more than 0.5%, and water-repellent additives - no more than 0.3% of the mass of cement.
1.8. It is allowed to introduce air-entraining additives into cement in an amount of up to 1% of the mass of cement.
1.9. In the manufacture of cement, in order to intensify the grinding process, it is allowed to introduce technological additives that do not impair the quality of cement, in an amount of not more than 1% of the mass of cement.
1.10. The compressive strength of cement at 28 days of age must be at least 19.6 MPa (200 kgf/cm).
1.11. The beginning of cement setting should occur no earlier than 45 minutes, and the end - no later than 12 hours from the start of mixing.
1.12. The water separation of the cement paste made at W/C=1.0 should not be more than 30% by volume.
1.13. Cement samples shall show uniform volume change when tested by boiling in water.
1.14. The fineness of cement grinding should be such that when sifted through a sieve N 008 according to GOST 6613, at least 88% of the mass of the sieved sample passes.
1.15. The content of sulfuric anhydride in cement must be at least 1.5 and not more than 3.5% of the mass of cement.
2. ACCEPTANCE RULES
2.1. Cement acceptance rules - according to GOST 30515.
3. TEST METHODS
3.1. The chemical composition of cement is determined according to GOST 5382.
3.2. The physical and mechanical properties of cement are determined according to GOST 310.1 - GOST 310.6.
3.4. The water separation of cement is determined by the following method.
3.4.1. Equipment
Porcelain glass with a capacity of 1 l.
Metal spatula.
Technical scales.
Graduated cylinder with a capacity of 500 ml.
3.4.2. Testing
350 g of cement and 350 g of water are weighed with an accuracy of 1 g. Water is poured into a porcelain glass, then a sample of cement is poured into the glass for 1 min, continuously stirring the contents with a metal spatula. The resulting cement paste is stirred for another 4 minutes and carefully poured into a graduated cylinder. The cylinder with the cement paste is placed on the table and the volume of the cement paste is immediately counted. During the experiment, the cylinder must stand still and not be subjected to shocks and shaking.
The volume of settled cement paste is noted 4 hours after the first reading.
The coefficient of water separation (volume) as a percentage is calculated by the formula
where is the initial volume of cement paste, cm;
- the volume of settled cement paste, see
4. PACKAGING, LABELING, TRANSPORT AND STORAGE
4.1. Packaging, marking, transportation and storage of cement is carried out in accordance with GOST 30515.
5. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE
5.1. Cement must be used in accordance with the Instructions for the preparation and use of mortars approved by Gosstroy.
Due to the delayed hardening at low temperatures, this cement should generally be used at an ambient temperature of at least 10 °C.
6. MANUFACTURER WARRANTY
6.1. The manufacturer guarantees the compliance of cement with all the requirements of this standard within a month, subject to compliance with its transportation and in accordance with the requirements of GOST 30515.
Electronic text of the document
prepared by CJSC "Kodeks" and checked against:
official publication
Moscow: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2004
Fire safety of warehouses
In ensuring the fire safety of storage facilities, the specialization of the warehouse plays an important role, whether it is intended for storing food or non-food products, or it is used for storing dangerous types of goods: toxic and flammable. That is why on the territory of any warehouse there must be special means of preventing and extinguishing fires (fire extinguishers, fire and smoke detectors, fire hydrants). In addition, it is important to remember and be aware of the conditions that will help reduce the risk of an emergency. In accordance with the Code of Rules "Determination of categories of premises, buildings and outdoor installations for explosion and fire hazard" (SP 12.13130.2009) For explosion and fire hazard of premises are subdivided into categories A, B, C1-C4, D and D, and buildings - into categories A, B, C, D and D, according to table 1.
Table 1
|
Characteristics of substances and materials, |
|
|
increased fire and explosion hazard |
Combustible gases, flammable liquids with a flash point of not more than 28 ° C in such an amount that they can form explosive vapor-gas-air mixtures, the ignition of which develops an estimated excess explosion pressure in the room exceeding 5 kPa, and (or) substances and materials that can explode and burn when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen or with each other, in such an amount that the calculated overpressure of the explosion in the room exceeds 5 kPa |
|
fire and explosion hazard |
Combustible dusts or fibres, flammable liquids with a flash point of more than 28 °C, flammable liquids in such an amount that they can form explosive dust-air or vapor-air mixtures, the ignition of which develops an estimated excess explosion pressure in the room exceeding 5 kPa |
|
fire hazard |
Combustible and slow-burning liquids, solid combustible and slow-burning substances and materials (including dust and fibers), substances and materials that can only burn when interacting with water, atmospheric oxygen or with each other, provided that the premises in which they are located (contact), do not belong to category A or B |
|
moderate fire hazard |
Non-combustible substances and materials in a hot, incandescent or molten state, the processing of which is accompanied by the release of radiant heat, sparks and flames, and (or) combustible gases, liquids and solids that are burned or disposed of as fuel |
|
reduced fire hazard |
Non-flammable substances and materials in a cold state |
In addition, general-purpose warehouses are divided into open (platforms, platforms), semi-closed (sheds) and closed (heated and unheated). The main type of storage facilities are closed warehouses. To determine the admissibility of storing certain substances and material assets in them, the degree of fire resistance, as well as the classes of constructive and functional fire hazard, must be taken into account. The degree of fire resistance of a building is determined by the fire resistance of its building structures, the structural fire hazard class of a building is determined by the degree of participation of building structures in the development of a fire and the formation of its dangerous factors, and the functional fire hazard class of a building and its parts is determined by their purpose and features of the technological processes used.
Federal Law No. 123-FZ of July 22, 2008 "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" (hereinafter referred to as the Technical Regulations) defines the fire resistance of buildings - I, II, III, IV, V - four classes of constructive fire hazard - C0, C1, C2 and C3 (non-flammable, low flammable, moderately flammable, flammable). According to the functional fire hazard, buildings are divided into five classes F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, depending on the methods of their use and the threat to human life. Warehouse buildings (parts of buildings) belong to class F5.2.
The minimum distance between the stack (rack) and the wall (column, protruding structure, heating appliances) must be at least 0.7 m, between the stack (rack) and the ceiling (truss or rafters) - 0.5 m, between the stack and the lamp - 0.5 m, between the luminaire and the combustible structure - 0.2 m.
In sectionless warehouses or sections with a width of up to 30 m and an area of not more than 700 m2, a passage must be left at least 1.5 m wide against evacuation exits (doorways). In warehouses with an area of more than 700 m2, in addition, a passage must be left at least 1 .5 m along the warehouse premises. On the floor of the warehouse, clear lines distinguish areas for storing materials and goods, taking into account longitudinal and transverse passages, emergency exits and access to fire extinguishing equipment. It is not allowed to place longitudinal and transverse aisles with the location of warehouse columns on them. It is forbidden to use aisles and gaps between stacks, even for temporary placement of goods, inventory and cushioning material.
The gaps between stacks or racks are determined by the relevant technological instructions. For example, when placing tires on the racks of warehouses, the longitudinal passage must be at least 1.2 m, and the transverse passages against the evacuation doors must be at least 4.5 m. The number of transverse passages is determined depending on the length of the warehouse at the rate of every 25 m between the axles doorways, but no further than 25 m from the transverse walls.
Joint storage in the same section (sectionless warehouse) with rubber or tires of other materials, regardless of the uniformity of the fire extinguishing agents used, is not allowed.
In warehouses for the storage of cotton fiber, wool, tarpaulin, bags, the longitudinal passage and passages against the doors must be at least 2 m wide. In height, the distance from the top of the bales to electric lamps and electrical wiring must be at least 1 m. more than six wagon lots with a capacity of not more than 300 tons) must be separated by aisles. In sections or non-sectional warehouses where cotton fiber, wool, bags, tarpaulin are stored, it is not allowed to store other combustible materials or goods.
This requirement is also valid for warehouses (sections) where reactive metals are stored, as well as metals or concentrates in combustible containers (packaging).
For the storage of natural rubber, cotton fiber, and reactive metals, storage facilities are used that are not lower than the II degree of fire resistance, for the storage of synthetic rubber and tires - not lower than the III degree of fire resistance.
The distances between buildings, structures and structures (hereinafter referred to as buildings) on the territory of production facilities, depending on the degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire hazard and the category for explosion and fire hazard, should be taken not less than those indicated in Table 2.
table 2
|
Degree |
Distances between buildings, m |
||
|
I and II degree |
III degree |
III degree of fire resistance |
|
|
I and II degree |
Not standardized | ||
|
III degree | |||
|
III degree | |||
NOTE The smallest distance between buildings is considered to be the clear distance between external walls or structures. In the presence of building structures protruding by more than 1 m and made of materials of group G1 - G4, the distance between these structures is considered the smallest distance.
The distance between buildings is not standardized:
a) if the sum of the floor areas of two or more buildings of III and IV degrees of fire resistance of classes C1, C2 and C3 does not exceed the floor area allowed between the fire walls, counting according to the most fire hazardous category, the lowest degree of fire resistance and the lowest class of constructive fire hazard of the building;
b) if the wall of a taller or wider building or structure facing another building is type 1 fireproof;
c) if buildings and structures of the III degree of fire resistance, regardless of the fire hazard of the premises located in them, have opposing fire walls of the 2nd type with filling of openings of the 2nd type.
The specified distance for buildings I, II, as well as III and IV degrees of fire resistance of class C0 of categories A, B and C is reduced from 9 to 6 m, subject to one of the following conditions:
buildings are equipped with stationary automatic fire extinguishing systems;
specific fire load in category B buildings is less than or equal to 10 kg per 1 sq. m floor area.
Distances from closed warehouses of flammable and combustible liquids to other buildings and structures should be taken in accordance with.
In fire barriers separating rooms of categories A and B from rooms of other categories, corridors, stairwells and elevator lobbies, lobbies with constant air overpressure should be provided according to the Code of Rules “Heating, ventilation, air conditioning. fire safety requirements. The device of common vestibules for two rooms or more of the specified categories is not allowed ”(SP 7.13130.2009).
The device of common vestibules for two rooms or more of the specified categories is not allowed.
If it is impossible to install tambour locks in fire barriers that separate rooms of categories A and B from other rooms, or doors, gates, hatches and valves - in fire barriers that separate rooms of category C from other rooms, a set of measures should be provided to limit the spread of fire and penetration of combustible gases, vapors of flammable and combustible liquids, dust, fibers capable of forming explosive concentrations into adjacent floors and rooms. The effectiveness of these measures must be justified.
In the openings of fire barriers that cannot be closed by fire doors or gates, for communication between adjacent rooms of categories C, D and D, it is allowed to provide open vestibules equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations. The enclosing structures of these vestibules must be fireproof.
In rooms of class F5.2 of categories A, B and C1, in which flammable liquids are used or stored, the floors should be made of non-combustible materials or materials of the G1 combustibility group.
When designing administrative and amenity premises and buildings up to 50 m high (including the attic floor) of warehouse facilities, the provisions of this section, presented below, should be used.
When designing buildings rebuilt in connection with the expansion, reconstruction or technical re-equipment of enterprises, deviations from the requirements of these standards in terms of geometric parameters are allowed.
Built-in premises should be made, as a rule, from lightweight enclosing structures, including collapsible ones, and placed dispersed.
In buildings of the IV degree of fire resistance of classes C2 and C3, built-in premises (with the exception of latrines, personal hygiene for women, hand baths, drinking water supply devices, washbasins and half-showers) are not allowed to be placed near the outer walls, on mezzanines and technological platforms.
The height of the built-in premises (from floor to ceiling) is allowed to be at least 2.4 m.
Administrative and household premises can be located in the extensions of buildings.
Annexes of I and II degrees of fire resistance should be separated from buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance by fire partitions of the 1st type.
Extensions below the II degree of fire resistance, as well as extensions to buildings below the II degree of fire resistance and extensions to rooms and buildings of categories A and B should be separated by fire walls of the 1st type.
Annexes of IV degree of fire resistance of class C0 are allowed to be separated from buildings of IV degree of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1 by fire walls of the 2nd type.
Administrative and amenity premises can be located in inserts and extensions of buildings of categories C, D and D:
I, II, and III degrees of fire resistance of fire hazard class C0;
IV degree of fire resistance of all fire hazard classes.
Inserts should be separated from the premises by fire walls of the 1st type.
Inserts from rooms of categories C, D, and D are allowed to be separated:
in buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1, III degrees of fire resistance of class C0 with fireproof partitions of the 1st type;
in buildings of III degree of fire resistance of class C1 and IV degree of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1 - fire walls of the 2nd type.
Buildings should be taken with a number of floors no more than two and separated from the premises by fire walls and floors of the 1st type.
Buildings from premises of categories C, D and D are allowed to be separated:
in buildings of I, II degrees of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1, III degrees of fire resistance of class C0 - fire partitions of the 1st type and ceilings of the 2nd type;
in buildings of III degree of fire resistance of class C1 and IV degree of fire resistance of classes C0 and C1 - fire walls of the 2nd type and fire ceilings of the 3rd type.
The total area of the inserts allocated by fire partitions of the 1st type and fire walls of the 2nd type, as well as built-ins and storage facilities, should not exceed the area of the fire compartment established in the Code of Rules “Fire Protection Systems. Ensuring fire resistance of protected objects” (SP 2.13130.2012).
Corridors should be divided by fire partitions of the 2nd type into compartments with a length of not more than 60 m.
In buildings of I and II degrees of fire resistance with no more than three floors, the main stairs can be designed open to the entire height of the building, provided that the remaining (at least two) stairs are placed in ordinary type 1 staircases. At the same time, lobbies and floor halls, in which open staircases are located, must be separated from adjacent rooms and corridors by fireproof partitions of the 1st type.
Cladding and finishing of the surfaces of walls, partitions and ceilings of halls for more than 75 seats (except for halls in buildings of the V degree of fire resistance) should be provided from materials of combustibility groups of at least G2.
The degree of fire resistance, the class of constructive fire hazard, the height of buildings and floor area within the fire compartment should be taken according to SP 2.13130.2012, except where otherwise specified.
Multi-storey warehouse buildings of categories B and C should be designed with a width of no more than 60 m.
The area of the first floor of a multi-storey building is allowed to be taken according to the norms of a one-story building, if the ceiling above the first floor is type 1 fireproof.
Warehouses of categories B1 - B3 of industrial buildings should be separated from other premises by fire partitions of the 1st type and floors of the 3rd type, when storing these products on high-rise racks - by fire walls of the 1st type and floors of the 1st type. At the same time, the premises of warehouses for finished products of categories B1 - B3, located in industrial buildings, should, as a rule, be located near the outer walls.
The area of grain storage buildings between fire walls should be taken no more than 3000 square meters. m.
Warehouses of raw materials of feed mills should be designed as one-story. Warehouses for finished products in the form of packaged goods (sacks and bags with flour, animal feed) can be designed multi-storey (no more than six floors).
In the container warehouse building on the ground floor at the end, it is allowed to have rooms for charging battery loaders.
The building envelope of the battery charging room must have an REI limit of 45 and a structural fire hazard class of K0.
The accumulator charging rooms must be separated from the rest of the storage rooms by type 2 fire walls and type 3 floors and have a separate exit.
Window openings of container cargo warehouses with production of category B should be filled with glass blocks, arranging opening window transoms with an area of at least 1.2 square meters in part of the openings. m with mechanized opening for smoke removal. The total area of the openings is assumed to be at least 0.3% of the floor area of the warehouse.
Receiving facilities for unloading bulk materials from railway and road transport category B for explosion hazard may be designed with bunkers located in recessed rooms with openings filled with easily dumped structures with an area of at least 0.03 sq. m per 1 cu. m of space. The area of these premises should not exceed 1000 square meters. m and the height is 6 m.
Auxiliary premises for service personnel should be located in separate buildings.
It is allowed to locate auxiliary premises in annexes at the end of industrial buildings on the side of placement of premises of categories B1 - B4, D or D (with the exception of grain cleaning departments of mills).
The largest allowable floor area between the fire walls of storage buildings for fertilizers and pesticides should be taken from table 3.
Table 3
|
Degree |
Floor area between fire |
|||
|
one-story |
two-storey |
multi-storey |
||
|
Not limited |
||||
When determining the floor area for storing ammonium nitrate (with the exception of waterproof nitrate), it should also be taken into account that between fire walls it is allowed to store no more than 5000 tons of nitrate in bulk and no more than 2500 tons of nitrate in special bags.
It is allowed to store up to 3500 tons of ammonium nitrate in special bags in separate storage buildings, separated by partitions made of material of the NG group with a fire resistance rating of at least R 45 into storage rooms for storing saltpeter in each of them in the amount of not more than 1750 tons.
Partitions separating warehouses for the storage of explosive and flammable pesticides from other premises must have a fire resistance rating of at least EI 45 and fire hazard class K0; doors in these partitions must have a fire resistance rating of EI 30.
Warehouses for the storage of ammonium nitrate in an amount not exceeding 1500 tons may be separated from other rooms, including warehouses for fertilizers and pesticides, by solid (without openings) partitions made of material of the NG group with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 45.
Tobacco warehouses, as a rule, are located in separate one- or multi-storey buildings, designed to store a six-month supply of tobacco raw materials.
Warehouses of tobacco should be divided by fire walls into compartments no more than 1500 square meters. m, for warehouses of finished products - 750 sq. m.
Aerosol products of the 2nd and 3rd fire hazard levels should be stored, as a rule, separately from other goods in one-story warehouse buildings or fire compartments of such buildings. Storage in warehouses located in the basement and underground floors is not allowed.
When stored in a warehouse together with other combustible goods, the total amount of aerosol products of the 2nd and 3rd fire hazard levels should not exceed:
Aerosol packages of level 2 - 1100 kg;
Level 3 - 450 kg.
The total amount of aerosol products when stored in a warehouse together with other combustible goods can be increased if there is automatic water fire extinguishing and the allocation of separate rooms or specially designated areas for aerosol products with a mesh fence (made of steel wire with a diameter of at least 3 mm, a cell size of not more than 50 mm ), excluding the expansion of cylinders in case of fire. The total amount of aerosol products of the 2nd and 3rd levels of fire hazard in this case should not exceed:
For outdoor storage - 5500 kg;
When stored on racks - 11000 kg.
In open areas or under sheds, storage of aerosol products of the 2nd and 3rd levels of fire hazard is allowed only in non-combustible containers. The distance from such storage places to buildings (structures) should be at least 15 m or at fire walls.
For aerosol products of the 1st level of fire hazard, fire safety requirements for placement and storage should be presented as for combustible goods.
The buildings of the warehouse for active ventilation and the floor storage should be designed as one-story, without attics.
The location of auxiliary premises in the floor storage building is not allowed.
In the oversilo and undersilo galleries connecting the working buildings of the elevators with the silo buildings, light enclosing structures (made of profiled galvanized steel or asbestos-cement sheets) should be provided. It is allowed to use other structures, but in combination with sections of easily dropped structures.
Warehouse buildings with high-rise rack storage of category B should be designed as one-story I-IV degrees of fire resistance class C0.
Racks must have horizontal screens made of materials of the NG group with a height step of no more than 4 m.
The screens should cover the entire horizontal section of the rack, including the gaps between the paired racks, and should not interfere with loading and unloading operations. The screens and bottoms of containers and trays shall have holes 10 mm in diameter, evenly spaced, with a square side of 150 mm.
The structures of ramps and canopies adjacent to buildings of I, II, III and IV degrees of fire resistance, fire hazard classes C0 and C1, should be taken from materials of the NG group.
In order to ensure timely and unhindered evacuation of people, rescue people who may be exposed to dangerous fire factors, as well as to protect people on evacuation routes from the effects of dangerous fire factors, when designing and operating warehouse buildings, it is necessary to be guided by the provisions of the Technical Regulations, as well as the Code of Rules of the "System fire protection. Escape routes and exits” (SP 1.13130.2009) and “Fire protection systems. Fire warning and evacuation control system. Fire safety requirements” (SP 3.13130.2009).
To determine the need to protect warehouse buildings with automatic fire protection systems, as well as when designing the necessary systems at protection facilities, it is necessary to be guided by the provisions of the Technical Regulations, as well as the Code of Practice “Fire Protection Systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules” (SP 5.13130.2009), “Fire protection systems. Electrical equipment. Fire safety requirements” (SP 6.13130.2009), “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements” (SP 7.13130.2009), “Fire protection systems. Internal fire water supply. Fire safety requirements” (SP 10.13130.2009).
To determine the need to provide storage facilities with external fire water supply, as well as when designing these systems, it is necessary to be guided by the requirements of the Technical Regulations and the Code of Practice "SP 8.13130.2009" (Fire protection systems. Sources of external fire water supply. Fire safety requirements).
It should also be noted that in order to constantly ensure fire safety during the operation of objects of this category, it is necessary to comply with the requirements of the Rules for the fire regime in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390.
- Annex A (mandatory). Normative references (not applicable) Appendix B (informative). Terms and definitions (not applicable) Annex B (mandatory). Materials for the calculation of the level of fire safety of people with limited mobility (not applicable) Appendix D (mandatory). Calculation of the number of elevators required for the evacuation of disabled people from security zones Appendix E (recommended). Examples of arrangement of buildings, structures and their premises (not applicable)
Information about changes:
Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the national body of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced material is canceled without replacement, the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
4 Land requirements
4.1 Entrances and routes
4.1.2 It is not allowed to use non-transparent gates on hinged double-acting hinges, gates with rotating blades, turnstiles and other devices that create an obstacle to the MGN on the MGN movement routes.
4.1.3 The design documentation should provide for the conditions for unhindered, safe and convenient movement of the MGN along the site to an accessible entrance to the building, taking into account the requirements of SP 42.13330. These paths should be joined with transport and pedestrian communications external to the site, specialized parking spaces, and public transport stops.
The system of information support tools must be provided on all routes available for the MGN for the entire time (during the day) of the operation of an institution or enterprise in accordance with GOST R 51256 and GOST R 52875.
4.1.4 It is allowed to combine transport passages on the site and pedestrian routes to objects, subject to the urban planning requirements for the parameters of traffic routes.
At the same time, it is necessary to make restrictive markings of pedestrian paths on the carriageway, which will ensure the safe movement of people and vehicles.
4.1.5 When crossing pedestrian paths by vehicles at the entrances to the building or in the area near the building, elements of early warning of drivers about the crossing points, up to its regulation in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51684, should be provided. Curb ramps should be installed on both sides of the crossing over the carriageway.
4.1.6 If there are underground and overhead crossings on the site, they should, as a rule, be equipped with ramps or lifting devices, if it is impossible to organize a ground crossing for the MGN.
The width of the pedestrian path through the island of safety at the points of crossing the carriageway must be at least 3 m, the length - at least 2 m.
4.1.7 The width of the pedestrian path, taking into account the oncoming traffic of disabled people in wheelchairs, should be at least 2.0 m. every 25 m horizontal platforms (pockets) with a size of at least 2.0x1.8 m to ensure the possibility of wheelchairs for people with disabilities.
The longitudinal slope of the traffic paths, along which the passage of disabled people in wheelchairs is possible, should not exceed 5%, the transverse slope - 2%.
Note - All parameters of the width and height of the communication paths here and in other paragraphs are given in clear (clear).
4.1.8 When arranging exits from the sidewalk to the traffic lane, the slope should be no more than 1:12, and near the building and in crowded places it is allowed to increase the longitudinal slope to 1:10 for no more than 10 m.
Curb ramps at pedestrian crossings should be located entirely within the area intended for pedestrians, and should not protrude into the roadway. The height difference at the exit points to the carriageway should not exceed 0.015 m.
4.1.9 The height of the curbs along the edges of the pedestrian paths in the territory is recommended to be at least 0.05 m.
The height difference of curbs, side stones along operated lawns and landscaped areas adjacent to pedestrian paths should not exceed 0.025 m.
4.1.10 Tactile aids that perform a warning function on the pavement of pedestrian paths on the site should be placed at least 0.8 m before the information object or the beginning of the dangerous section, change of direction, entrance, etc.
The width of the tactile strip is taken within 0.5-0.6 m.
4.1.11 The pavement of footpaths, sidewalks and ramps must be made of solid materials, even, rough, without gaps, not creating vibration during movement, and also preventing slipping, i.e. maintaining a strong grip of shoe soles, walking aid supports and wheelchair wheels in wet and snowy conditions.
The pavement of concrete slabs must have a thickness of joints between the slabs of no more than 0.015 m. A pavement of loose materials, including sand and gravel, is not allowed.
4.1.12 The width of flights of stairs of open stairs should be at least 1.35 m. For open stairs on terrain differences, the width of the treads should be taken from 0.35 to 0.4 m, the height of the riser - from 0.12 to 0.15 m. All steps of the stairs within the same flight must be the same in shape in plan, in terms of the width of the tread and the height of the rise of the steps. The transverse slope of the steps should be no more than 2%.
The surface of the steps must have an anti-slip coating and be rough.
It should not be used on the paths of MGN steps with open risers.
The march of an open staircase should not be less than three steps and should not exceed 12 steps. It is unacceptable to use single steps, which must be replaced by ramps. The distance between the handrails of the stairs when clean must be at least 1.0 m.
The edge steps of the flights of stairs should be highlighted in color or texture.
Paragraph 6 does not apply from May 15, 2017 - Order
4.1.14 Stairs should be duplicated by ramps or lifting devices.
Outdoor stairs and ramps must be equipped with handrails. The length of the ramp march should not exceed 9.0 m, and the slope should not be steeper than 1:20.
The width between the handrails of the ramp should be in the range of 0.9-1.0 m.
A ramp with an estimated length of 36.0 m or more or a height of more than 3.0 m should be replaced with lifting devices.
4.1.15 The length of the horizontal platform of a straight ramp should be at least 1.5 m. At the upper and lower ends of the ramp, a free zone of at least 1.5x1.5 m in size should be provided, and in areas of intensive use at least 2.1x2.1 m • Free zones must also be provided for every change in the direction of the ramp.
Ramps must have a double-sided fencing with handrails at a height of 0.9 m (allowable from 0.85 to 0.92 m) and 0.7 m, taking into account the technical requirements for stationary support devices in accordance with GOST R 51261. The distance between the handrails should be within 0.9-1.0 m. Wheel fenders 0.1 m high should be installed on intermediate platforms and at the exit.
4.1.16 The surface of the ramp should be non-slip, clearly marked with a color or texture that contrasts with the adjacent surface.
In places where slopes change, it is necessary to install artificial lighting of at least 100 lux at floor level.
The need for a device for heating the surface of the ramp, platforms under a canopy, shelter is established by the design task.
4.1.17 The ribs of the drainage gratings installed on the MGN movement paths must be located perpendicular to the direction of movement and closely adjoin the surface. The gaps in the cells of the gratings should be no more than 0.013 m wide. The diameter of round holes in the gratings should not exceed 0.018 m.
Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
4.2 Car parks for the disabled
4.2.1 At individual parking lots on the site near or inside the buildings of service institutions, 10% of places (but not less than one place) should be allocated for the transport of disabled people, including 5% of specialized places for vehicles of disabled people in a wheelchair at the rate, with the number of places :
Allocated places must be marked with signs adopted by GOST R 52289 and SDA on the surface of the parking lot and duplicated with a sign on a vertical surface (wall, pole, rack, etc.) in accordance with GOST 12.4.026, located at a height of at least 1.5 m.
4.2.2 It is advisable to place places for personal vehicles of disabled people near the entrance to an enterprise or institution accessible to disabled people, but no further than 50 m, from the entrance to a residential building - no further than 100 m.
Stopping areas for specialized public transport vehicles carrying only disabled people (social taxis) should be provided at a distance of no more than 100 m from the entrances to public buildings.
4.2.3 It is allowed to provide special parking spaces along transport communications if the road slope is less than 1:50.
Parking spaces parallel to the curb must be dimensioned to allow access to the rear of the vehicle for use of a ramp or lift.
The ramp should have a blister finish that provides a comfortable transition from the parking area to the sidewalk. In places of disembarkation and movement of disabled people from personal vehicles to the entrances to buildings, a non-slip coating should be used.
4.2.4 The marking of a parking space for a disabled person's car in a wheelchair should be provided with a size of 6.0x3.6 m, which makes it possible to create a safe zone on the side and behind the car - 1.2 m.
If the parking lot provides a place for regular parking of cars, the interiors of which are adapted for the transportation of disabled people in wheelchairs, the width of the side approaches to the car must be at least 2.5 m.
4.2.6 Built-in, including underground parking lots should have a direct connection with the functional floors of the building with the help of elevators, including those adapted for the movement of disabled people in a wheelchair with an attendant. These lifts and approaches to them must be marked with special signs.
4.3 Landscaping and recreation
4.3.1 On the territory, on the main routes of movement of people, it is recommended to provide for at least 100-150 m places for rest accessible for MGN, equipped with sheds, benches, pay phones, signs, lamps, alarms, etc.
Resting places should serve as architectural accents that are part of the general information system of the facility.
4.3.3 The minimum level of illumination in recreation areas should be taken as 20 lux. Lamps installed on recreation areas should be located below the eye level of the seated person.
4.3.4 Devices and equipment (mailboxes, payphone shelters, information boards, etc.) placed on the walls of buildings, structures or on separate structures, as well as protruding elements and parts of buildings and structures should not reduce the normalized space for passage, as well as the passage and maneuvering of the wheelchair.
Objects, the front edge of the surface of which is located at a height of 0.7 to 2.1 m from the level of the pedestrian path, should not protrude beyond the plane of the vertical structure by more than 0.1 m, and when they are placed on a free-standing support - more than 0, 3m.
With an increase in the size of protruding elements, the space under these objects must be allocated with a curb stone, a side at least 0.05 m high, or fences at least 0.7 m high.
Around stand-alone supports, pillars or trees located on the path of movement, warning paving in the form of a square or a circle should be provided at a distance of 0.5 m from the object.
4.3.5 Payphones and other specialized equipment for people with visual impairments should be installed on a horizontal plane using tactile ground indicators or on separate plates up to 0.04 m high, the edge of which should be at a distance of 0.7-0.8 from the installed equipment m.
Shapes and edges of hanging equipment must be rounded.
4.3.7 In exceptional cases, during reconstruction, mobile ramps may be used. The width of the surface of mobile ramps should be at least 1.0 m, the slopes should be close to the values of stationary ramps.
5 Requirements for premises and their elements
In buildings and structures, conditions should be provided for MGN to use the premises in full for the safe implementation of the necessary activities independently or with the help of an escort, as well as evacuation in case of an emergency.
5.1.1 The building must have at least one entrance accessible to the MGN from the surface of the earth and from each underground or above-ground level accessible to the MGN connected to this building.
5.1.2 External stairs and ramps must have handrails, taking into account the technical requirements for stationary support devices in accordance with GOST R 51261. With a width of stairs at the main entrances to the building of 4.0 m or more, dividing handrails should be additionally provided.
5.1.3 The entrance platform at the entrances accessible by MGN should have: a canopy, a drainage system, and, depending on local climatic conditions, heating of the surface of the coating. The dimensions of the entrance area when opening the door leaf to the outside must be at least 1.4x2.0 m or 1.5x1.85 m. The dimensions of the entrance area with a ramp are at least 2.2x2.2 m.
The surfaces of entrance platforms and vestibules must be hard, not slip when wet, and have a transverse slope within 1-2%.
5.1.4 * Entrance doors when designing new buildings and structures must have a clear width of at least 1.2 m. When designing reconstructed, subject to major repairs and adaptable existing buildings and structures, the width of the entrance doors is taken from 0.9 to 1.2 m The use of doors on swinging hinges and revolving doors on the paths of movement of the MGN is not allowed.
In the leafs of external doors accessible to MGN, viewing panels should be provided filled with transparent and impact-resistant material, the lower part of which should be located within 0.5 to 1.2 m from the floor level. The lower part of the glass door leaves to a height of at least 0.3 m from the floor level must be protected by a shockproof strip.
External doors accessible to MGN may have thresholds. In this case, the height of each element of the threshold should not exceed 0.014 m.
Paragraph 4 does not apply from May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
With double-leaf doors, one working leaf must have the width required for single-leaf doors.
5.1.5 Transparent doors at the entrances and in the building, as well as fences, should be made of impact-resistant material. On transparent door leafs, a bright contrasting marking with a height of at least 0.1 m and a width of at least 0.2 m should be provided, located at a level not lower than 1.2 m and not higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the pedestrian path.
Paragraph 2 does not apply from May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
5.1.6 Entrance doors accessible to disabled people should be designed as automatic, manual or mechanical. They must be highly identifiable and have a symbol indicating their availability. It is advisable to use automatic swing or sliding doors (if they do not stand in the way of evacuation).
On the MGN movement paths, it is recommended to use single-acting hinged doors with locks in the "open" or "closed" positions. You should also use doors that provide a delay of automatic closing of the doors, lasting at least 5 seconds. Swing doors with a closer (with a force of 19.5 Nm) should be used.
5.1.7 The depth of tambours and tambour-locks with direct movement and one-sided opening of doors should be at least 2.3 with a width of at least 1.50 m.
When sequencing hinged or hinged doors, it must be ensured that the minimum free space between them is not less than 1.4 m plus the width of the door opening into the space between the doors.
The free space at the door on the side of the latch should be: when opening "away from you" - at least 0.3 m, and when opening "towards you" - at least 0.6 m.
With a vestibule depth of less than 1.8 m to 1.5 m (during reconstruction), its width must be at least 2 m.
It is not allowed to use mirrored walls (surfaces) in vestibules, stairwells and emergency exits, and mirrored glass in doors.
Drainage and water collection grates installed in the floor of vestibules or entrance platforms should be installed flush with the floor surface. The width of the openings of their cells should not exceed 0.013 m, and the length of 0.015 m. It is preferable to use gratings with diamond-shaped or square cells. The diameter of round cells should not exceed 0.018 m.
5.1.8 If there is control at the entrance, access control devices and turnstiles with a clear width of at least 1.0 m, adapted for the passage of disabled people in wheelchairs, should be used.
In addition to the turnstiles, a side passage should be provided to ensure the evacuation of disabled people in wheelchairs and other categories of MGN. The width of the passage should be taken according to the calculation.
5.2 Traffic paths in buildings
Horizontal communications
5.2.1 Ways of movement to the premises, areas and places of service inside the building should be designed in accordance with the regulatory requirements for the ways of evacuation of people from the building.
The width of the movement path (in corridors, galleries, etc.) must be at least:
The width of the transition to another building should be taken - at least 2.0 m.
When moving along the corridor, a disabled person in a wheelchair should be provided with a minimum space for:
turn by 90 ° - equal to 1.2x1.2 m;
180° turn - equal to the diameter of 1.4 m.
In dead-end corridors, it is necessary to provide the possibility of turning the wheelchair by 180 °.
The clear height of the corridors along their entire length and width must be at least 2.1 m.
Note - When reconstructing buildings, it is allowed to reduce the width of corridors, provided that sidings (pockets) are created for wheelchairs measuring 2 m (length) and 1.8 m (width) within the line of sight of the next pocket.
5.2.2 Approaches to various equipment and furniture should be at least 0.9 m wide, and if necessary, turn the wheelchair by 90 ° - at least 1.2 m. wheelchair should take at least 1.4 m.
The depth of space for maneuvering the wheelchair in front of the door when opening “away from you” must be at least 1.2 m, and when opening “towards you” - at least 1.5 m with an opening width of at least 1.5 m.
The width of the passage in the room with equipment and furniture should be taken at least 1.2 m.
5.2.3 Floor areas on the traffic paths at a distance of 0.6 m in front of doorways and entrances to the stairs, as well as before turning the communication paths, must have tactile warning signs and / or a contrastingly painted surface in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026. It is recommended to provide light beacons.
Zones of "possible danger", taking into account the projection of the movement of the door leaf, should be marked with a marking paint that contrasts with the color of the surrounding space.
5.2.4 The width of door and open openings in the wall, as well as exits from rooms and corridors to the stairwell must be at least 0.9 m. If the slope depth in the wall of an open opening is more than 1.0 m, the width of the opening should be taken according to the width of the communication passage but not less than 1.2 m.
Doors on escape routes should have a color that contrasts with the wall.
Doorways to the premises, as a rule, should not have thresholds and differences in floor heights. If it is necessary to install thresholds, their height or height difference should not exceed 0.014 m.
5.2.6 On each floor where there will be visitors, recreation areas for 2-3 seats should be provided, including for wheelchair users. With a large floor length, a recreation area should be provided after 25-30 m.
5.2.7 Structural elements and devices inside buildings, as well as decorative elements placed within the dimensions of the movement paths on walls and other vertical surfaces, must have rounded edges and not protrude by more than 0.1 m at a height of 0.7 to 2, 1 m from floor level. If the elements protrude beyond the plane of the walls by more than 0.1 m, then the space under them should be allocated with a side with a height of at least 0.05 m. When placing devices, indicators on a free-standing support, they should not protrude by more than 0.3 m .
Barriers, fences, etc. should be installed under the march of an open staircase and other overhanging elements inside the building that have a clear height of less than 1.9 m.
5.2.8 In rooms accessible to the disabled, it is not allowed to use pile carpets with a pile height of more than 0.013 m.
Carpets on the paths of movement must be tightly fixed, especially at the joints of the sheets and along the border of dissimilar coatings.
Vertical communications
Stairs and ramps
5.2.9 In case of a difference in floor heights in a building or structure, stairs, ramps or lifting devices accessible to the MGN should be provided.
In places where there is a difference in floor levels in the room, to protect against falls, fences with a height of 1-1.2 m should be provided.
The steps of the stairs must be smooth, without protrusions and with a rough surface. The edge of the step must be rounded with a radius of not more than 0.05 m. The side edges of the steps that are not adjacent to the walls must have bumpers with a height of at least 0.02 m or other devices to prevent the cane or leg from slipping.
Stair steps must be with a riser. The use of open steps (without risers) is not allowed.
5.2.10 In the absence of elevators, the width of the flight of stairs must be at least 1.35 m. In other cases, the width of the flight should be taken according to SP 54.13330 and SP 118.13330.
The final horizontal parts of the handrail should be 0.3 m longer than the flight of stairs or the inclined part of the ramp (allowed from 0.27-0.33 m) and have a non-traumatic end.
5.2.11 With an estimated width of the flight of stairs of 4.0 m or more, additional separating handrails should be provided.
5.2.13* The maximum height of one rise (march) of the ramp should not exceed 0.8 m with a slope of not more than 1:20 (5%). If the floor height difference on the movement paths is 0.2 m or less, it is allowed to increase the slope of the ramp up to 1:10 (10%).
Inside buildings and on temporary structures or temporary infrastructure facilities, a maximum ramp slope of 1:12 (8%) is allowed, provided that the vertical rise between the sites does not exceed 0.5 m, and the length of the ramp between the sites is not more than 6.0 m. When designing reconstructed, subject to major repairs and adaptable existing buildings and structures, the slope of the ramp is taken in the range from 1:20 (5%) to 1:12 (8%).
Ramps with a height difference of more than 3.0 m should be replaced with elevators, lifting platforms, etc.
In exceptional cases, it is allowed to provide screw ramps. The width of the spiral ramp at full turn should be at least 2.0 m.
Every 8.0-9.0 m of the length of the ramp march, a horizontal platform should be arranged. Horizontal platforms must also be arranged at each change in the direction of the ramp.
The platform on the horizontal section of the ramp with a straight path of movement or at a turn should have a size of at least 1.5 m in the direction of travel, and on a screw - at least 2.0 m.
Ramps in their upper and lower parts must have horizontal platforms measuring at least 1.5x1.5 m.
The width of the ramp march should be taken according to the width of the lane in accordance with 5.2.1. Handrails in this case take the width of the ramp.
Inventory ramps must be designed for a load of at least 350 and meet the requirements for stationary ramps in width and slope.
5.2.14 Along the longitudinal edges of the marches of the ramps, to prevent slipping of the cane or leg, wheel breakers with a height of at least 0.05 m should be provided.
The surface of the ramp march should visually contrast with the horizontal surface at the beginning and end of the ramp. It is allowed to use light beacons or light tapes to identify adjacent surfaces.
Paragraph 3 does not apply from May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
5.2.15* Fencing with handrails must be installed along both sides of all ramps and open stairs, as well as at all horizontal surface height differences of more than 0.45 m. Handrails should be placed at a height of 0.9 m (allowed from 0.85 to 0.92 m), near ramps - additionally at a height of 0.7 m.
The railing handrail on the inside of the stairs must be continuous along its entire height.
The distance between the handrails of the ramp should be taken in the range from 0.9 to 1.0 m.
The final horizontal parts of the handrail should be 0.3 m longer than the flight of stairs or the inclined part of the ramp (allowed from 0.27 to 0.33 m) and have a non-traumatic end.
5.2.16 It is recommended to use handrails with a round section with a diameter of 0.04 to 0.06 m. The clear distance between the handrail and the wall should be at least 0.045 m for walls with smooth surfaces and at least 0.06 m for walls with rough surfaces.
On the top or side, external in relation to the march, the surface of the railing handrails should be provided with relief designations of floors, as well as warning stripes about the end of the railing.
Elevators, lifting platforms and escalators
5.2.17 Buildings should be equipped with passenger lifts or lifting platforms to provide wheelchair access to floors above or below the main entrance to the building (ground floor). The choice of the lifting method for the disabled and the possibility of duplicating these lifting methods is established in the design assignment.
5.2.19 The choice of the number and parameters of elevators for the transportation of disabled people is made according to the calculation, taking into account the maximum possible number of disabled people in the building, based on the nomenclature in accordance with GOST R 53770.
Paragraphs 2-3 do not apply from May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
5.2.20 Light and sound informing signaling in the elevator cabin accessible to the disabled must comply with the requirements of GOST R 51631 and the Technical Regulations on the safety of elevators. Each door of an elevator designed for the disabled must have tactile floor level indicators. Opposite the exit from such elevators at a height of 1.5 m there should be a digital designation of the floor with a size of at least 0.1 m, contrasting with the background of the wall.
5.2.21 The installation of lifting platforms with inclined movement for overcoming flights of stairs by disabled people with damage to the musculoskeletal system, including wheelchairs, should be provided in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51630.
The free space in front of the lifting platforms must be at least 1.6x1.6 m.
In order to ensure control over the lifting platform and the user's actions, the lifting platforms can be equipped with dispatching and visual control means, with information output to the operator's remote workstation.
5.2.22 Escalators should be equipped with tactile warning signs at each end.
If an escalator or a passenger conveyor is on the main path of the MGN, at each of their ends, fences protruding in front of the balustrade with a height of 1.0 m and a length of 1.0-1.5 m should be provided for the safety of the blind and visually impaired (clear width not less than the moving canvas ).
Escape routes
5.2.23 Design solutions for buildings and structures must ensure the safety of visitors in accordance with the requirements of the "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", "Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements" and GOST 12.1.004 with the obligatory consideration of the psychophysiological capabilities of disabled people of various categories, their number and the location of the intended location in the building or structure.
5.2.24 Places of maintenance and permanent location of the MGN should be located at the minimum possible distance from the evacuation exits from the premises of the buildings to the outside.
5.2.25 Width (clear) of sections of evacuation routes used by MGN must be at least, m:
5.2.26 The ramp, which serves as an evacuation route from the second and higher floors, must have an exit outside the building to the adjacent territory.
5.2.27 If, according to the calculation, it is impossible to ensure the timely evacuation of all MHNs within the required time, then in order to rescue them, safety zones should be provided on the evacuation routes in which they can be until the arrival of rescue units, or from which they can be evacuated for a longer time and (or ) escape on their own along the adjacent smoke-free staircase or ramp.
The maximum allowable distances from the most remote point of the room for the disabled to the door to the security zone should be within reach for the necessary evacuation time.
Safety zones are recommended to be provided in the elevator lobbies for transporting fire departments, as well as in the elevator lobbies used by the MGN. These elevators can be used to rescue the disabled during a fire. The number of elevators for MGN is set by calculation in accordance with Appendix G.
The security zone may include the area of the adjacent loggia or balcony, separated by fire barriers from the rest of the premises of the floor that are not included in the security zone. Loggias and balconies may not have fire-resistant glazing if the outer wall below them is blank with a fire resistance rating of at least REI 30 (EI 30) or the window and door openings in this wall must be filled with fire-resistant windows and doors.
5.2.28 The area of the safety zone should be provided for all disabled people remaining on the floor, based on the specific area per one rescued, subject to the possibility of maneuvering:
If a smoke-free staircase or a ramp serving as an evacuation route is reasonably used as a safety zone, the dimensions of the landings of the staircase and the ramp must be increased based on the size of the designed zone.
5.2.29 The safety zone must be designed in accordance with the requirements of SP 1.13130 regarding structural solutions and materials used.
The security zone must be separated from other premises and adjacent corridors by fire barriers that have fire resistance limits: walls, partitions, ceilings - at least REI 60, doors and windows - of the first type.
The safety zone must be smoke-free. In case of fire, an overpressure of 20 Pa should be created in it with one open door of the emergency exit.
5.2.30 Each security zone of a public building must be equipped with an intercom or other device for visual or text communication with the control room or with the premises of the fire post (guard post).
Doors, walls of the premises of the security zones, as well as routes to the security zones must be marked with an evacuation sign E 21 in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.
The evacuation plans should indicate the location of the safety zones.
5.2.31 The upper and lower steps in each flight of evacuation stairs should be painted in a contrasting color or tactile warning signs should be used, contrasting in color with respect to the adjacent floor surfaces, 0.3 m wide.
It is possible to use a protective corner profile for orientation and assistance to the blind and visually impaired at each step along the width of the march. The material should be 0.05-0.065 m wide on the tread and 0.03-0.055 m wide on the riser. It should visually contrast with the rest of the step surface.
Step edges or handrails on escape routes should be painted with glow-in-the-dark paint or have light tapes pasted on them.
5.2.32 It is allowed to provide external evacuation stairs (third type stairs) for evacuation if they meet the requirements of 5.2.9.
In this case, the following conditions must be met simultaneously:
the ladder should be at a distance of more than 1.0 m from window and door openings;
the stairs must have emergency lighting.
It is not allowed to provide escape routes for the blind and other disabled people through open external metal stairs.
5.2.33 Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
At objects with permanent residence or temporary residence of MGN in corridors, elevator lobbies, in stairwells, where the operation of doors in the open position is provided, one of the following methods of closing the doors should be provided:
automatic closing of these doors when the alarm and (or) automatic fire extinguishing installation is activated;
remote closing of doors from a fire post (from a security post);
mechanical unlocking of doors in place.
The paragraph has not been applied since May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
5.2.34 Illumination on evacuation routes (including at the beginning and end of the path) and at the places of provision (provision) of services for MGN in public and industrial buildings should be increased by one step compared to the requirements of SP 52.13330.
The difference in illumination between adjacent rooms and zones should not be more than 1:4.
5.3 Sanitary facilities
5.3.1 In all buildings where there are sanitary and amenity premises, places specially equipped for MGN in dressing rooms, universal cabins in latrines and showers, bathrooms should be provided.
5.3.2 In the total number of cabins for latrines in public and industrial buildings, the share of cabins available for MGN should be 7%, but not less than one.
In the additionally used universal cabin, the entrance should be designed taking into account the possible difference between the sexes of the accompanying person and the disabled person.
5.3.3 An accessible cabin in a common lavatory should have dimensions in terms of at least, m: width - 1.65, depth - 1.8, door width - 0.9. In the cabin next to the toilet, a space of at least 0.75 m should be provided for placing a wheelchair, as well as hooks for clothes, crutches and other accessories. There must be free space in the cab with a diameter of 1.4 m for turning the wheelchair. Doors must open outwards.
Note - The dimensions of accessible and universal (specialized) cabins may vary depending on the arrangement of the equipment used.
In the universal cabin and other sanitary facilities intended for use by all categories of citizens, including the disabled, it should be possible to install folding support handrails, bars, swivel or folding seats. The dimensions of the universal cabin in terms of not less than, m: width - 2.2, depth - 2.25.
One of the urinals should be located at a height of no more than 0.4 m from the floor or a vertical urinal should be used. Toilets with back support should be used.
5.3.4 In accessible shower rooms, at least one cabin equipped for a disabled person in a wheelchair should be provided, in front of which space should be provided for the entrance of the wheelchair.
5.3.5 For disabled people with impaired musculoskeletal system and visual impairments, closed shower cabins should be provided with the door opening outward and entering directly from the dressing room with a non-slip floor and a pallet without a threshold.
An accessible shower cabin for MGN must be equipped with a portable or wall-mounted folding seat, located at a height of not more than 0.48 m from the level of the pallet; hand shower; wall handrails. The depth of the seat must be at least 0.48 m, length - 0.85 m.
The dimensions of the pallet (ladder) must be at least 0.9x1.5 m, the free zone - at least 0.8x1.5 m.
5.3.6 At the doors of sanitary facilities or accessible cabins (toilet, shower, bath, etc.), special signs (including embossed ones) should be provided at a height of 1.35 m.
Accessible booths must be equipped with an alarm system that provides communication with the premises of permanent duty personnel (security post or facility administration).
5.3.7 The geometric parameters of the areas used by the disabled, including those on wheelchairs, in the sanitary facilities of public and industrial buildings, should be taken according to table 1:
Table 1
|
Name |
Plan dimensions (clear), m |
|
Shower cubicles: |
|
|
closed, |
|
|
open and with a through passage; half souls |
|
|
Women's personal hygiene cabins. |
|
5.3.8 The width of the aisles between the rows should be taken at least, m:
5.3.9 In accessible cabins, water taps with a lever handle and a thermostat, and, if possible, with automatic and sensor taps of a non-contact type, should be used. The use of taps with separate control of hot and cold water is not allowed.
It is necessary to use toilets with automatic water drain or with manual push-button control, which should be located on the side wall of the cabin, from which the transfer from the wheelchair to the toilet is carried out.
5.4 Internal equipment and devices
5.4.2 Devices for opening and closing doors, horizontal handrails, as well as handles, levers, taps and buttons of various devices, openings for vending, drinking and ticket machines, openings for chip cards and other control systems, terminals and operating displays and other devices that can use MGN inside the building, should be installed at a height of not more than 1.1 m and not less than 0.85 m from the floor and at a distance of not less than 0.4 m from the side wall of the room or other vertical plane.
Switches and electrical sockets in the premises should be provided at a height of not more than 0.8 m from the floor level. It is allowed to use, in accordance with the terms of reference, switches (switches) for remote control of electric lighting, curtains, electronic devices and other equipment.
5.4.3 Doorknobs, locks, latches and other devices for opening and closing doors should be used, which should be of a form that allows a disabled person to operate them with one hand and does not require excessive force or significant rotation of the hand at the wrist. It is advisable to focus on the use of easily controlled instruments and mechanisms, as well as U-shaped handles.
Handles on sliding door leafs must be installed in such a way that when the doors are fully open, these handles are easily accessible from both sides of the door.
Door handles located in the corner of a corridor or room should be placed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the side wall.
5.5 Audiovisual information systems
5.5.1 Elements of the building and territory accessible to the MGN should be identified with accessibility symbols in the following places:
parking places;
passenger boarding areas;
entrances, if not all entrances to the building, structure are accessible;
places in common bathrooms;
dressing rooms, fitting rooms, locker rooms in buildings where not all such rooms are accessible;
elevators and other lifting devices;
security zones;
aisles in other MGN service areas where not all aisles are available.
Direction markers indicating the path to the nearest available element may be provided, as appropriate, at the following locations:
inaccessible building entrances;
inaccessible public restrooms, showers, bathrooms;
elevators not adapted for the transportation of disabled people;
exits and stairs that are not evacuation routes for the disabled.
5.5.2 Hazard information and signaling systems located in premises (except premises with wet processes) intended for the stay of all categories of disabled people and on their movement paths must be comprehensive and provide visual, sound and tactile information indicating the direction of movement and places to receive services. They must comply with the requirements of GOST R 51671, GOST R 51264, and also take into account the requirements of SP 1.13130.
The means of information used (including signs and symbols) must be identical within a building or a complex of buildings and structures located in the same area, within an enterprise, transport route, etc. and comply with the signs established by the current regulatory documents on standardization. It is advisable to use international characters.
5.5.3 The media system of zones and premises (especially in places of mass visiting), entrance nodes and traffic routes should ensure the continuity of information, timely orientation and unambiguous identification of objects and places visited. It should provide for the possibility of obtaining information about the range of services provided, the location and purpose of functional elements, the location of escape routes, warn of dangers in extreme situations, etc.
The paragraph has not been applied since May 15, 2017 - Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated November 14, 2016 N 798 / pr
5.5.4 Visual information should be placed on a contrasting background with the size of signs corresponding to the viewing distance, be linked to the artistic design of the interior and be located at a height of at least 1.5 m and not more than 4.5 m from the floor level.
In addition to the visual one, an audible alarm should be provided, as well as, according to the design assignment, a stroboscopic alarm (in the form of intermittent light signals), the signals of which should be visible in crowded places. The maximum frequency of stroboscopic pulses is 1-3 Hz.
5.5.5 Light annunciators, fire safety evacuation signs indicating the direction of movement, connected to the warning and control system for the evacuation of people in case of fire, to the warning system for natural disasters and extreme situations, should be installed in the premises and areas of public buildings and structures visited by MGN, and industrial premises with jobs for the disabled.
For emergency sound signaling, devices should be used that provide a sound level of at least 80-100 dB for 30 s.
Sound signaling devices (electrical, mechanical or electronic) must meet the requirements of GOST 21786. The equipment for driving them must be located at least 0.8 m before the warning section of the track.
Noise indicators should be used in rooms with good sound insulation or in rooms with low levels of noise of subjective origin.
5.5.6 In the lobbies of public buildings, it is necessary to provide for the installation of sound informers by the type of public telephones, which can be used by visitors with visual impairments, and text phones for visitors with hearing impairments. Information desks of all kinds, ticket offices of mass sale, etc. should be equipped similarly.
Visual information should be located on a contrasting background at a height of at least 1.5 m and not more than 4.5 m from the floor level.
5.5.7 Enclosed spaces of buildings (premises for various functional purposes, lavatory cabins, an elevator, a dressing room cabin, etc.), where a disabled person, including those with hearing impairments, may be alone, as well as elevator lobbies and safety zones must be equipped a two-way communication system with the dispatcher or duty officer. The two-way communication system must be equipped with audible and visual alarms. Outside such a room, a combined audible and visual (intermittent light) alarm should be provided above the door. In such rooms (cabins) emergency lighting should be provided.
In a public restroom, an alarm signal or detector should be output to the duty room.
6 Special requirements for places of residence for persons with disabilities
6.1 General requirements
6.1.1 When designing residential multi-apartment buildings, in addition to this document, the requirements of SP 54.13330 should be taken into account.
6.1.2 Accessible to MGN should be adjacent territories (pedestrian routes and platforms), premises from the entrance to the building to the zone of residence of the disabled person (apartment, living cell, room, kitchen, bathrooms) in apartment buildings and dormitories, premises in residential and service parts (a group of service premises) of hotels and other temporary residence buildings.
6.1.3 Dimensional schemes of movement routes and functional places are calculated for the movement of a disabled person in a wheelchair, and for equipment - also for the visually impaired, blind and deaf.
6.1.4 Residential apartment buildings and residential premises of public buildings should be designed to meet the needs of disabled people, including:
accessibility of the apartment or dwelling from the ground level in front of the entrance to the building;
accessibility from the apartment or dwelling to all premises serving residents or visitors;
the use of equipment that meets the needs of persons with disabilities;
ensuring the safety and convenience of using equipment and devices.
6.1.5 In residential buildings of the gallery type, the width of the galleries must be at least 2.4 m.
6.1.6 The distance from the outer wall to the railing of the balcony, loggia must be at least 1.4 m; the height of the fence - in the range from 1.15 to 1.2 m. Each structural element of the threshold of the outer door to the balcony or loggia should not be higher than 0.014 m.
Note - If there is free space from the balcony door opening in each direction of at least 1.2 m, the distance from the fence to the wall can be reduced to 1.2 m.
The railings of balconies and loggias in the area between heights from 0.45 to 0.7 m from the floor level must be transparent to provide a good view to a disabled person in a wheelchair.
6.1.7 Dimensions in terms of sanitary and hygienic premises for individual use in residential buildings must be at least, m:
Note - Overall dimensions can be specified during the design process, depending on the equipment used and its location.
6.1.8 The clear width of the entrance door to the apartment and the balcony door should be at least 0.9 m.
The width of the doorway to the sanitary and hygienic premises of residential buildings should be at least 0.8 m, the width of the opening in the cleanliness of interior doors in the apartment should be taken at least 0.8 m.
6.2 Social housing houses
6.2.1 When taking into account the needs of disabled people in a specialized form of residence, it is recommended that buildings and their premises be adapted according to an individual program, taking into account the tasks specified by the design assignment.
6.2.2 Multi-apartment residential buildings with apartments intended for the disabled and the elderly should be designed not lower than the second degree of fire resistance.
6.2.3 In residential buildings of the municipal social housing stock, the number and specialization of apartments for certain categories of disabled people should be established by the design assignment.
When designing residential premises, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of their subsequent re-equipment, if necessary, taking into account the needs of other categories of residents.
6.2.4 When designing apartments for families with disabled people in wheelchairs at the level of the first floor, it should be possible to directly access the adjacent territory or the apartment plot. For a separate entrance through the apartment vestibule and a lift device, it is recommended to increase the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment by 12. Take the parameters of the lift in accordance with GOST R 51633.
6.2.5 The residential area for the disabled must have, at a minimum, a living room, a combined sanitary unit accessible to the disabled, a hall-front area of at least 4 and an accessible traffic path.
6.2.6 The minimum size of the accommodation for a disabled person moving in a wheelchair must be at least 16.
6.2.7 The width (along the outer wall) of the living room for the disabled must be at least 3.0 m (for the infirm - 3.3 m; those moving in a wheelchair - 3.4 m). The depth (perpendicular to the outer wall) of the room should be no more than twice its width. If there is a summer room in front of the outer wall with a window with a depth of 1.5 m or more, the depth of the room should be no more than 4.5 m.
The width of the sleeping quarters for the disabled must be at least 2.0 m (for the infirm - 2.5 m; for wheelchair users - 3.0 m). The depth of the room must be at least 2.5 m.
6.2.9 The area of the kitchen of apartments for families with disabled people in wheelchairs in residential buildings of the social housing stock should be taken at least 9. The width of such a kitchen should be at least:
2.3 m - with one-sided placement of equipment;
2.9 m - with double-sided or corner placement of equipment.
Kitchens should be equipped with electric stoves.
In apartments for families with disabled people who use wheelchairs, the entrance to a room equipped with a toilet can be designed from the kitchen or living room and equipped with a sliding door.
6.2.10 The width of utility rooms in apartments for families with disabled people (including those in wheelchairs) must be at least, m:
6.2.11 In residential buildings of the municipal social housing stock, it should be possible to install, if necessary, videophones for persons with hearing impairments, and also provide for improved sound insulation of residential premises for this category of persons.
As part of the apartment of a disabled person, it is advisable to provide a pantry with an area of at least 4 for storing tools, materials and products used and produced by disabled people when working at home, as well as for placing typhlotechnics and Braille literature.
6.3 Premises for temporary stay
6.3.1 Hotels, motels, boarding houses, campsites, etc. the layout and equipment of 5% of residential rooms should be universal, taking into account the resettlement of any categories of visitors, including the disabled.
It is necessary to provide free space in the room with a diameter of 1.4 m in front of the door, by the bed, in front of cabinets and windows.
6.3.2 When planning the rooms of hotels and other institutions of temporary residence, the requirements of 6.1.3-6.1.8 of this document should be taken into account.
6.3.3 All types of signaling should be designed taking into account their perception by all categories of disabled people and the requirements of GOST R 51264. The location and purpose of signaling devices is determined in the design assignment.
Intercoms with sound, vibration and light alarms, as well as video intercoms, should be used.
Residential premises for permanent residence of disabled people must be equipped with autonomous fire detectors.
7 Special requirements for places of service for people with limited mobility in public buildings
7.1 General
7.1.1 When designing public buildings, in addition to this document, the requirements of SP 59.13330 should be taken into account.
The list of elements of buildings and structures (premises, zones and places) available for MGN, the estimated number and category of disabled people are established, if necessary, by the design assignment, approved in the prescribed manner in agreement with the territorial body of social protection of the population and taking into account the opinion of public associations of disabled people.
7.1.2 When reconstructing, overhauling and adapting existing buildings for MGN, the project must provide for accessibility and convenience for MGN.
Depending on the space-planning decisions of the building, on the estimated number of visitors with limited mobility, the functional organization of the service establishment, one of two options for the forms of service should be used:
option "A" (universal project) - accessibility for the disabled of any place in the building, namely, common traffic routes and service places - at least 5% of the total number of such places intended for service;
option "B" (reasonable accommodation) - if it is not possible to equip the entire building with accessible equipment, the allocation at the entrance level of special rooms, zones or blocks adapted to serve the disabled, providing all types of services available in this building.
7.1.3 In the service area for visitors to public buildings and structures for various purposes, places for the disabled should be provided at the rate of at least 5%, but not less than one place of the estimated capacity of the institution or the estimated number of visitors, including when allocating specialized service areas for MGN in building.
7.1.4 If there are several identical places (instruments, devices, etc.) for serving visitors, 5% of the total number, but not less than one, must be designed so that the disabled person can use them (unless otherwise specified in the design assignment) .
7.1.5 All aisles (except one-way) must provide the possibility of a 180° turn with a diameter of at least 1.4 m or 360° with a diameter of at least 1.5 m, as well as frontal (along the aisle) service for disabled people in a wheelchair along with an escort.
7.1.7 In the auditoriums, on the stands of sports and entertainment facilities and other entertainment facilities with fixed seats, there must be places for people in wheelchairs at the rate of at least 1% of the total number of spectators.
The area allocated for this should be horizontal with a slope of no more than 2%. Each place must have dimensions of at least, m:
with side access - 0.55x0.85;
when accessed from the front or rear - 1.25x0.85.
In multi-level entertainment spaces in public buildings where no more than 25% of seats and no more than 300 seats are located on the second floor or intermediate level, all wheelchair spaces may be located on the main level.
Each hall with a sound system must have a sound amplification system, either for individual or collective use.
When used in a blackout hall in the area of spectator seats, ramps and steps must be illuminated.
7.1.8 At the entrances to public buildings (station stations of all types of transport, social institutions, trade enterprises, administrative and management institutions, multifunctional complexes, etc.), an information mnemonic diagram (tactile traffic diagram) must be installed for the visually impaired, displaying information about the premises in the building, not interfering with the main flow of visitors. It should be placed on the right side in the direction of travel at a distance of 3 to 5 m. A tactile guide strip with a drawing height of not more than 0.025 m should be provided on the main traffic routes.
7.1.9 When designing interiors, selecting and arranging instruments and devices, technological and other equipment, it should be assumed that the reach zone for a visitor in a wheelchair should be within:
when located to the side of the visitor - not higher than 1.4 m and not lower than 0.3 m from the floor;
with a frontal approach - not higher than 1.2 m and not lower than 0.4 m from the floor.
The surface of tables for individual use, counters, the bottom of cash desk windows, information and other service points used by visitors in wheelchairs should be at a height of no more than 0.85 m above the floor. The width and height of the leg opening should be at least 0.75 m, and the depth should be at least 0.49 m.
It is recommended to provide a part of the barrier for issuing books in the subscription with a height of 0.85 m.
The width of the working front of the counter, table, rack, barrier, etc. at the place of receipt of the service must be at least 1.0 m.
7.1.10 Places or areas for spectators in wheelchairs in classrooms with an amphitheater, auditoriums and lecture halls should be provided with security measures (fence, buffer strip, etc.).
7.1.11 In classrooms, auditoriums and lecture halls with a capacity of more than 50 people, equipped with fixed seats, it is necessary to provide at least 5% of the seats with built-in individual listening systems.
7.1.12 Places for persons with hearing impairments should be placed at a distance of no more than 3 m from the sound source or equipped with special personal sound amplification devices.
It is allowed to use an induction circuit or other individual wireless devices in the halls. These places should be located in the zone of good visibility of the stage and the sign language interpreter. The need to allocate an additional (with individual lighting) zone for the interpreter is established by the design task.
7.1.13 The area of the premises for the individual reception of visitors, accessible also for the disabled, should be 12, and for two workplaces - 18. In premises or areas for receiving or serving visitors to several places available for MGN, there must be one place or several places arranged in a common area.
7.1.14 Layout of changing cabin, fitting room, etc. must have a free space of at least 1.5x1.5 m.
7.2 Buildings and premises for educational purposes
7.2.1 Buildings of educational institutions are recommended to be designed accessible to all categories of students.
Design solutions for buildings of professional educational institutions should take into account the possibility of teaching students with disabilities in the specialties approved by the current legislation. The number of students in groups is set by the customer in the building for design.
Buildings of special rehabilitation educational institutions that combine training with correction and compensation of developmental deficiencies for a certain type of disease are designed according to a special design assignment, including a list and area of premises, specialized equipment and organization of educational and rehabilitation processes, taking into account the specifics of teaching.
7.2.2 An elevator for disabled students moving in a wheelchair in institutions of general education, as well as primary and secondary vocational education, should be provided in a dedicated elevator hall.
7.2.3 Student places for students with disabilities must be placed identically in the same type of classrooms of the same educational institution.
In the classroom, the first tables in the row near the window and in the middle row should be provided for students with visual impairments and hearing impairments, and for students moving in a wheelchair, 1-2 first tables in the row at the doorway should be allocated.
7.2.4 In the assembly and auditoriums of non-specialized educational institutions, places for the disabled in wheelchairs should be provided at the rate of: in the hall for 50-150 seats - 3-5 seats; in the hall for 151-300 seats - 5-7 seats; in the hall for 301-500 seats - 7-10 seats; in the hall for 501-800 seats - 10-15 seats, as well as their accessibility to the stage, stage.
Places for students with disabilities with damage to the musculoskeletal system should be provided on horizontal sections of the floor, in rows directly adjacent to the aisles and at the same level as the entrance to the assembly hall.
7.2.5 In the reading room of the library of an educational institution, at least 5% of the reading places should be equipped with access for disabled students and separately for students with visual impairments. The workplace for the visually impaired should have additional lighting around the perimeter.
7.2.6 In educational institutions in the locker rooms of the gym and pool for students with disabilities, a closed locker room with a shower and a toilet should be provided.
7.2.7 In educational institutions for students with hearing impairments in all rooms, it is necessary to provide for the installation of a light signaling school bell, as well as a light signaling evacuation in case of emergencies.
7.3 Buildings and premises of health care and social services of the population
7.3.1 For the design of buildings for inpatient and semi-inpatient social services (hospices, nursing homes, boarding schools, etc.) and buildings intended for inpatient stay of patients, including the disabled and other MGN (hospitals and dispensaries of various levels services and various profiles - psychiatric, cardiological, rehabilitation treatment, etc.), the terms of reference should establish additional medical and technological requirements. When designing social service institutions for the elderly and disabled, GOST R 52880 should also be observed.
7.3.2 For patients and visitors of rehabilitation institutions specializing in the treatment of people with disabilities, up to 10% of wheelchair spaces should be allocated in car parks.
A passenger boarding area should be provided at an accessible entrance to a medical facility where people receive medical care or treatment.
7.3.3 Entrances to medical institutions for patients and visitors should have visual, tactile and acoustic (voice and sound) information indicating the groups of rooms (departments) that can be accessed through this entrance.
Entrances to doctors' offices and procedural rooms should be equipped with light signaling devices for calling patients.
7.3.4 Emergency room, infection room and emergency department should have autonomous external entrances accessible to the disabled. The emergency room should be located on the first floor.
7.3.5 The width of the corridors used for waiting should be at least 3.2 m for two-way cabinets, and at least 2.8 m for one-way.
7.3.6 At least one of the sections of the hall of therapeutic and mud baths, including the dressing room at it, must be adapted for a disabled person in a wheelchair.
In the halls of physiotherapy exercises, devices and materials that soften the impact should be used as fences that guide and restrict movement.
7.4 Buildings and premises for public service
Trade enterprises
7.4.1 The configuration and placement of equipment in sales areas accessible to disabled people should be designed to serve persons moving in wheelchairs on their own and with accompanying persons, disabled people on crutches, as well as visually impaired people.
Tables, counters, settlement planes of cash registers should be located at a height not exceeding 0.8 m from the floor level. The maximum depth of the shelves (at the entrance close) should not be more than 0.5 m.
7.4.2 At least one of the cash desks in the hall must be equipped in accordance with the requirements of accessibility for the disabled. At least one accessible cash register must be fitted in the cash settlement area. The width of the passage near the cash register must be at least 1.1 m (table 2).
Table 2 - Accessible passages of the settlement and cash zone
|
Total number of passes |
Number of passes available (minimum) |
|
3 + 20% additional passes |
7.4.3 To focus the attention of visually impaired customers on the necessary information, tactile, light indicators, displays and pictograms, as well as a contrasting color scheme of interior elements, should be actively used.
7.4.4 In a place convenient for the visually impaired visitor and in an accessible form, there should be information about the location of trading floors and sections, about the assortment and price tags for goods, as well as means of communication with the administration.
Catering establishments
7.4.5 In the dining halls of catering establishments (or in areas intended for specialized service of the MGN), it is recommended to provide for the service of disabled people by waiters. The area of such dining halls should be determined based on the area standard of at least 3 per seat.
7.4.6 In self-service establishments, it is recommended to allocate at least 5% of seats, and with a hall capacity of more than 80 seats - at least 4%, but at least one for persons moving in wheelchairs and with visual impairments, with an area of \u200b\u200beach seat not less than 3 .
7.4.7 In the premises of the dining halls, the arrangement of tables, inventory and equipment should ensure the unhindered movement of disabled people.
The width of the aisle near the counters for serving dishes in self-service establishments must be at least 0.9 m. To ensure free bending when a wheelchair passes, it is recommended to increase the width of the aisle to 1.1 m.
Buffets and snack bars should have at least one table 0.65-0.7 m high.
The width of the passage between tables in the restaurant must be at least 1.2 m.
The wheelchair bar section shall have a tabletop width of 1.6 m, a height from the floor of 0.85 m and legroom of 0.75 m.
Consumer service enterprises
7.4.8 In public service establishments in the dressing rooms, fitting rooms, dressing rooms, etc. provided for by the project. at least 5% of their number must be wheelchair accessible.
The equipment of dressing rooms, fitting rooms, changing rooms - hooks, hangers, shelves for clothes should be accessible both for the disabled and for other citizens.
Station buildings
7.4.9 The premises of the buildings of stations of various types of passenger transport (railway, road, air, river and sea), crossings, platforms and other structures designed to serve passengers must be accessible to the MGN.
7.4.10 In the buildings of stations, the following should be available:
premises and service facilities: vestibules; operating and cash rooms; hand luggage storage; check-in points for passengers and baggage; special waiting and rest rooms - deputy rooms, mother and child rooms, long-term rest rooms; latrines;
premises, zones in them or additional service facilities: trading (dining) halls of restaurants, cafes, cafeterias, eateries; trade, pharmacy and other kiosks, hairdressers, slot machine halls, vending and other machines, points of communication enterprises, payphones;
service premises: administrator on duty, medical care, security, etc.
7.4.11 The area of recreation and waiting areas for MGN in the buildings of stations, if it is created, is determined based on the indicator - 2.1 per seat. Part of the sofas or benches for sitting in the halls should be located at a distance of at least 2.7 m opposite each other.
7.4.12 It is recommended to place a special waiting and rest area on the main floor, on the same level as the entrance to the station building and exits to the platforms (aprons, berths), while providing illuminated, safe and short passages between them.
Waiting rooms should have a convenient connection with the lobby, restaurant (cafe-buffet), restrooms and left-luggage offices, located, as a rule, on the same level with them.
7.4.13 Places in a special waiting and rest area should be equipped with individual means of information and communication: headphones connected to information support systems of stations; displays with duplication of the image of information boards and sound announcements; technical means of emergency communication with the administration, accessible to tactile perception; other special systems of signal and information support (computers, telephone inquiries, etc.).
7.4.14 At railway stations, where the access of passengers from the platforms to the station square or to the opposite residential area is crossed by railway tracks with a train traffic intensity of up to 50 pairs per day and a train speed of up to 120 km/h, for the movement of disabled people in wheelchairs it is allowed to use transitions in the level of the rails, equipped with automatic signaling and light indicators. On a section of such a passage along the railway track (including the end ramp in relation to the platform), a protective fence with a height of at least 0.9 m should be provided with handrails located at the same height.
7.4.15 At the edges of the boarding side of the apron, warning signal strips should be used along the edges of the platform, as well as tactile ground indicators for visually impaired passengers.
On platforms, it is necessary to provide for the duplication of visual information of speech and sound (speech) information with textual information.
7.4.16 Check-in of tickets and check-in of luggage for unaccompanied MGN should be carried out, if necessary, at a special counter with a height of no more than 0.85 m from the floor level.
Declaration counters at international airports must be wheelchair accessible.
7.4.17 It is not recommended to use island aprons in bus stations for servicing MGN.
7.4.18 Aprons for passengers should be convenient in height for boarding / disembarking disabled people on a wheelchair and with a violation of the musculoskeletal system. Aprons that are not equipped with such facilities must be adapted for the use of stationary or mobile lifts for boarding / disembarking disabled people.
7.4.19 In each row of entrance/exit turnstiles, at least one widened passageway for the passage of a wheelchair shall be provided. It should be placed outside the ticket control area, equipped with horizontal handrails at a distance of 1.2 m, highlighting the area in front of the passage, and also marked with special symbols.
7.4.20 In airport terminals in the boarding galleries from the level of the second floor, every 9 m, horizontal rest areas should be provided with a size of at least 1.5x1.5 m.
When boarding an aircraft from ground level, a special lifting device should be provided for lifting or lowering (disembarking) the MGN: an ambulatory autolift (ambulift), etc.
7.4.21 At airport terminals, it is recommended to provide a room for a special escort and assistance service for the disabled and other minors, as well as a storage area for small-sized wheelchairs used to serve disabled people during check-in, control, screening and in flight.
7.5 Objects of physical culture, sports and sports and leisure purposes
Premises for spectators
7.5.1 At the stands of sports and entertainment facilities intended for competitions in Paralympic sports, seats for spectators in wheelchairs should be provided at the rate of at least 1.5% of the total number of spectator seats. At the same time, 0.5% of seats can be organized by temporary transformation (temporary dismantling) of a part of the seats for spectators.
7.5.2 Places for the disabled in stadiums should be provided both in the stands and in front of the stands, including at the level of the competition area.
7.5.3 Places for the disabled should be located mainly near emergency exits. Seats for accompanying persons should be located in close proximity to seats for the disabled (alternate or located at the back).
The width of the aisle between the rows where disabled people sit in wheelchairs must be clean, taking into account the wheelchair - at least 1.6 m (with a seat - 3.0 m).
7.5.4 Places allocated for the placement of disabled people in wheelchairs should be fenced off with a barrier. Places for accompanying persons should be located in close proximity. They can alternate with places for the disabled.
7.5.5 At sports, sports and entertainment and sports and recreation facilities, it is necessary to provide areas for walking guide dogs and other service dogs. In the guide dog area, it is recommended to use an easy-to-clean hard surface.
7.5.6 If sound information is provided in the stands of sports and sports and entertainment venues, then it must be duplicated with textual information.
Premises for physical culture and sports
7.5.7 It is recommended to ensure accessibility for MGN to all auxiliary premises in educational and training physical culture and sports facilities: entrance and recreational premises (lobbies, wardrobes, recreation areas, buffets), locker rooms, showers and bathrooms, coaching and educational and methodological premises, medical and rehabilitation facilities (medical rooms, saunas, massage rooms, etc.).
7.5.8 Distance of service premises for those involved, including the disabled, from the places of physical culture and sports activities should not exceed 150 m.
7.5.9 The distance from any place of stay of a disabled person in the hall to the evacuation exit to the corridor, foyer, outside or to the evacuation hatch of the stands of sports and entertainment halls should not exceed 40 m. The width of the aisles should be increased by the width of the free passage of a wheelchair (0 .9 m).
7.5.10 An accessible route for MGN must be provided to at least 5% of the bowling lanes, but not less than one lane of each type.
In outdoor sports fields, at least one accessible route of traffic must directly connect opposite sides of the field.
7.5.11 When arranging equipment in gyms, it is necessary to create passages for people in wheelchairs.
7.5.12 For orientation of persons with complete loss of vision and visually impaired, it is recommended: along the walls of the hall at the specialized pool baths and at the entrances to the hall from the changing rooms and showers, horizontal handrails should be installed at a height from the floor in the range from 0.9 to 1.2 m, and in the halls with a pool for children - at a level of 0.5 m from the floor.
On the main traffic routes and on the bypass paths of the specialized pool, special tactile strips for information and orientation should be provided. The width of the orientation strips for open bathtubs is at least 1.2 m.
7.5.13 In the shallow part of the pool bath for the disabled with damage to the musculoskeletal system, a gentle staircase with dimensions of at least: risers - 0.14 m and treads - 0.3 m should be arranged. It is recommended to arrange a staircase outside the dimensions of the bath.
7.5.14 The walkway along the perimeter of the baths must be at least 2 m wide in indoor and 2.5 m in open baths. On the area of the bypass path, space for the storage of wheelchairs should be provided.
The edge of the pool bath along the entire perimeter should be distinguished by a strip that has a contrasting color with respect to the color of the bypass path.
7.5.15 It is necessary to have accessible dressing rooms in the following areas: first-aid posts/rooms for first aid, rooms for coaches, referees, officials. For these premises, it is allowed to have one accessible universal dressing room, designed for persons of both sexes and equipped with a toilet.
7.5.16 In the locker rooms at sports facilities for disabled people, the following should be provided:
storage space for wheelchairs;
individual cabins (each with an area of at least 4 square meters) at the rate of one cabin for three simultaneously engaged disabled people using wheelchairs;
individual cabinets (at least two) with a height of no more than 1.7 m, including for storing crutches and prostheses;
a bench with a length of at least 3 m, a width of at least 0.7 m and a height from the floor of not more than 0.5 m. Free space must be provided around the bench for the entrance of a wheelchair. If it is not possible to arrange an island bench, a bench with a size of at least 0.6x2.5 m should be provided along one of the walls.
The size of the passage between the benches in the common dressing rooms should be at least 1.8 m.
7.5.17 The area in the common dressing rooms for one place for a disabled person should be taken at least: in the halls - 3.8, in the pools with a hall of preparatory classes - 4.5. Estimated area per disabled person involved in locker rooms with clothes stored in a separate dressing room - 2.1. The area for individual cabins - 4-5, common locker rooms for the disabled with an attendant - 6-8.
Specific indicators of the area include places for changing clothes, wardrobes for storing home clothes in common dressing rooms.
7.5.18 The number of showers for the disabled should be taken from the calculation - one shower screen for three disabled people, but not less than one.
7.5.19 In dressing rooms, a single closet for street and home clothes measuring 0.4x0.5 m clean should be used.
Individual lockers for storing clothes for disabled people using a wheelchair in locker rooms of gyms should be located in the lower tier, no more than 1.3 m high from the floor. With an open method of storing home clothes, hooks in dressing rooms should be installed at the same height. Benches in dressing rooms (for one disabled person) should have dimensions of 0.6x0.8 m in plan.
7.5.20 In the rest room at the dressing rooms, an additional area should be provided at the rate of at least 0.4 for each of the disabled people in wheelchairs working at the same time, and the rest room at the sauna should be at least 20 square meters.
7.5.21 A handrail should be sunk into a niche in the wall, with which a hall for the blind is equipped. The walls of the halls must be absolutely smooth, without ledges. All fasteners for equipment, regulators, electrical switches must be flush with the wall surface or recessed.
7.5.22 For sports games for disabled people in wheelchairs, halls with a rough, springy floor covering made of synthetic materials or sports parquet should be used.
7.5.23 For sports games for people with visual impairments, the floor surface must be perfectly even and smooth, the boundaries of the playgrounds are marked with embossed adhesive strips.
7.6 Buildings and premises for entertainment, cultural and educational purposes and religious organizations
7.6.1 For the disabled, it is recommended to make the premises of the spectator complex accessible: lobby, cash lobby, wardrobe, bathrooms, foyers, buffets, corridors and corridors in front of the auditorium. In accordance with the design assignment, the following premises of the performance complex should be accessible to the disabled: a stage, a stage, artistic restrooms, an artistic vestibule, a canteen, bathrooms, lobbies and corridors.
7.6.2 The ramps in the halls leading to the rows in the tiered amphitheaters must have railings along the walls and illumination of the steps. With a ramp slope of more than 1:12, places for disabled people in wheelchairs should be provided on a flat floor in the first rows.
Spectacle institutions
7.6.3 Places for the disabled in the halls should be located in the area of the hall accessible to them, providing: full perception of demonstration, entertainment, information, music programs and materials; optimal working conditions (in the reading rooms of libraries); rest (in the waiting room).
In the halls, at least two dispersed exits must be adapted for the passage of MGN.
In auditoriums equipped with chairs or benches, there must be seats with armrests, at the rate of at least one chair with an armrest for five chairs without armrests. Benches should provide good back support and space under the seat at least 1/3 of the depth of the bench.
7.6.4 In multi-tiered halls, it is necessary to provide places for the disabled in a wheelchair at the level of the first tier, as well as at one of the intermediate ones. It is necessary to provide places for wheelchairs in club boxes, boxes, etc.
At least 5% of the total number of reclining seats in the aisles, but at least one must be special seats, located as close as possible to the exits from the hall.
7.6.5 It is preferable to place seats for the disabled in the auditoriums in separate rows with an independent evacuation route that does not intersect with the evacuation routes of the rest of the audience.
In auditoriums with a seating capacity of 800 or more, seats for disabled people in wheelchairs should be dispersed in different areas, placing them in the immediate vicinity of emergency exits, but no more than three in one place.
7.6.6 When placing seats for spectators in wheelchairs in front of the stage, stage in the first row or at the end of the hall near the exit, free areas should be provided with a clear width of at least 1.8 m and a place for an attendant nearby.
In front of the stage, the stage in the first row, as well as in the center of the hall or on its sides, individually illuminated areas should be provided to accommodate sign language interpreters, if necessary.
7.6.7 In order to be able to participate in programs for people with disabilities in wheelchairs, a stage is recommended with an increase in the depth of a flat tablet up to 9-12 m and a proscenium - up to 2.5 m. The recommended height of the stage is 0.8 m.
For climbing to the stage, in addition to stairs, a stationary (mobile) ramp or lifting device must be provided. The width of the ramp between the handrails must be at least 0.9 m with a slope of 8% and sides on the sides. Stairs and ramps leading to the stage must have railings on one side with double handrails at a height of 0.7 / 0.9 m.
cultural institutions
7.6.8 Taking into account the needs of disabled visitors, for museums with an exhibition area of up to 2000, it is recommended that the exposition be located on the same level.
Ramps should be used to organize sequential movement and simultaneous inspection of the exposition.
7.6.10 If it is impossible to use visual information for the visually impaired in rooms with special requirements for the artistic solution of interiors, in the exhibition halls of art museums, exhibitions, etc. other compensatory measures may be applied.
7.6.11 The hinged showcase must be located at a height accessible for visual perception from a wheelchair (the bottom at a mark of no more than 0.85 m from the floor level).
A horizontal showcase should have a space under it for the entrance of a disabled person in a wheelchair.
Showcases at a height of 0.8 m require a horizontal handrail with rounded corners. For people with visual impairments, a warning textured color strip 0.6 to 0.8 m wide at the floor level should be provided around the exposition table.
7.6.12 Passages in the reading room of the library must be at least 1.2 m wide.
7.6.13 In the service area for persons with visual impairments, reading places and shelves with special literature are recommended to be equipped with additional lighting. It is necessary to provide for a high level of natural illumination of this reading area (KEO - 2.5%), and the level of artificial illumination of the reading table - at least 1000 lux.
7.6.14 It is recommended to design rooms for classes in a club building with the participation of disabled people for no more than 10-12 people, including 2-3 people with disabilities in wheelchairs.
7.6.15 The number of seats for disabled people in wheelchairs in the club auditorium is recommended to be taken according to the capacity of the hall, not less than:
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seats in the hall |
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7.6.16 In circus buildings, it is allowed to use service entrances for spectators to access the seats located on the flat floor in front of the first row. Places for the disabled in the halls of circuses should be placed near the evacuation hatches in those rows, the plane of which is on the same level as the foyer. In this case, the passage area must be increased to at least 2.2 m (in places where the disabled are supposed to be accommodated).
Cult, ritual and memorial buildings and structures
7.6.17 The architectural environment of buildings, structures and complexes for religious purposes, as well as ritual objects for all types of solemn ceremonies, funeral and memorial objects must meet the requirements of accessibility for MGN, as well as confessional requirements in terms of placement and equipment of places of ritual events.
7.6.19 Traffic routes intended for disabled people and other MGNs should not fall into the traffic zones of religious and other ceremonial processions and motorcade entrance routes.
7.6.20 In the seating area, at least 3% of the seats are recommended for wheelchair users (but not less than one).
When arranging in religious and ritual buildings and structures, as well as in their areas, places of ablution should be equipped with at least one place for disabled people in wheelchairs.
7.6.21 The distance from the edge of the path to the places of laying flowers, wreaths, garlands, stones, amulets, installing icons, candles, lamps, distributing holy water, etc. should not exceed 0.6 m. Height - from 0.6 to 1.2 m from the floor level.
The width (front) of the approach to the place of worship is at least 0.9 m.
7.6.22 In the territories of cemeteries and necropolises, access to MGN should be provided:
to burial sites, to columbariums of all kinds;
to the buildings of administration, trade, catering and household buildings for visitors, to public toilets;
to water folding devices and bowls for watering;
to exhibition areas;
to public memorials.
7.6.23 At the entrance to the territory of cemeteries and necropolises, mnemonic diagrams of the layout of cemeteries and necropolises should be provided on the right side in the direction of travel.
On the paths of movement through cemeteries, at least every 300 m, recreation areas with places for sitting should be provided.
7.7 Buildings of facilities for the service of society and the state
7.7.1 The general requirements for the accessibility of the main groups of premises, administrative buildings, where MGN is received, are:
their preferred placement at the entrance level;
mandatory availability of a reference and information service; possible combination of a reference and information service and an office on duty reception;
in the presence of premises for collective use (conference rooms, meeting rooms, etc.), it is desirable to place them no higher than the second level (floor).
7.7.2 In the lobbies of administrative buildings, it is recommended to provide a zone for service machines (telephones, payphones, sales, etc.) and a reserve area for kiosks.
The information desk in lobbies and areas of specialized services for the disabled should be clearly visible from the entrance side and easily distinguishable by visually impaired visitors.
7.7.3 Halls of court institutions should be accessible to all categories of persons with disabilities.
A place for a disabled person in a wheelchair must be provided in the jury box. The plaintiff's and attorney's seats, including the pulpit, must be accessible.
A place for a sign language interpreter should be provided in the hall, convenient for conducting cross-questioning by all participants in the trial.
If courtroom detention cells are provided, then one of the cells must be wheelchair accessible. Such a chamber may be designed for several courtrooms.
Solid partitions, security glazing or separating tables that separate visitors from those detained in the meeting rooms of penitentiary institutions must have at least one seat accessible to disabled people on each side.
7.7.4 The minimum size of the area of the room (office or booth) for individual reception (for one workplace) is recommended to be 12.
In reception rooms for several service places, it is recommended to make one of the service places or several service places arranged into a common area accessible to MGN.
7.7.5 In the department of pension payments, intercoms with the possibility of two-way activation should be provided.
7.7.6 In the buildings of institutions and enterprises that contain operating and cash rooms intended for serving visitors, it is necessary to comply with the requirements for the unhindered accessibility of the MGN.
In all buildings of credit and financial institutions and postal enterprises, it is recommended to provide for the installation of an organized reception system for visitors, consisting of an apparatus that issues coupons indicating the order of reception; illuminated panels above the doors of the respective offices and windows indicating the number of the next visitor.
7.7.7 The premises of banking institutions, in which the access of customers is not limited by technological requirements, it is recommended to include:
cash block (cash hall and depository);
operating block (entrance group of premises, operating room and cash desks);
auxiliary and service premises (negotiation rooms with clients and loan processing, vestibule, ante-lobby, pass office).
7.7.8 In addition to the operating and cash hall, it is recommended to include in the zone of visitor accessibility of enterprises:
entrance with a vestibule (universal type - for all groups of visitors);
pre-barrier (visitor) part of the delivery department, combined, if necessary, with an area for individual storage of subscription publications and correspondence;
call center (with booths for long-distance telephones, including automatic machines, and waiting areas);
currency exchange and sales kiosks (if available).
7.7.9 With several island (autonomous) workplaces of tellers, one adapts to serve the disabled.
7.7.10 When calculating the area of office premises, the area per one disabled person using a wheelchair equal to 7.65 should be taken into account.
8 Special requirements for places of employment
8.2 When designing buildings of institutions, organizations and enterprises, workplaces for the disabled should be provided in accordance with the programs for the vocational rehabilitation of the disabled, developed by local social protection authorities.
The number and types of jobs for the disabled (specialized or ordinary), their placement in the space-planning structure of the building (dispersed or in specialized workshops, production sites and special premises), as well as the necessary additional premises are established in the design assignment.
8.3 Workplaces for disabled people should be safe for health, rationally organized. The design assignment should establish their specialization and, if necessary, include a set of furniture, equipment and auxiliary devices specially adapted for a particular type of disability, including taking into account GOST R 51645.
8.4 In the working area of the premises, a set of sanitary and hygienic requirements for the microclimate must be ensured in accordance with GOST 12.01.005, as well as additional requirements established depending on the type of disease of the disabled.
8.5 The distance to latrines, smoking rooms, rooms for heating or cooling, half-showers, drinking water supply devices from workplaces intended for disabled people with damage to the musculoskeletal system and visual impairments should be no more than, m:
Adjacent placement of men's and women's latrines for the visually impaired is undesirable.
8.6 Individual closets in the amenity premises of enterprises and institutions should be combined (for storing street, home and work clothes).
8.7 Sanitary services for working disabled people must be provided in accordance with the requirements of SP 44.13330 and this document.
In sanitary and amenity premises, the number of cabins and devices necessary for disabled people working at an enterprise or institution with a violation of the musculoskeletal system and visual impairments should be determined on the basis of: at least one universal shower cabin for three disabled people, at least one washbasin for seven invalids, regardless of the sanitary characteristics of production processes.
8.8 If it is difficult for disabled people in a wheelchair to access places of public catering at enterprises and institutions, a dining room with an area of 1.65 for each disabled person, but not less than 12, should be additionally provided.
In rooms where children stay in childcare facilities (kindergartens, nurseries, schools, etc.), switches should be installed at a height of 1.8 m from the floor.
In saunas, bathrooms, sanitary facilities, soap rooms of baths, steam rooms, washing rooms of laundries, etc. installation of switchgears and control devices is not allowed.
In washbasin rooms and zones 1 and 2 ( GOST R 50571.11-96 ) in bathrooms and showers, cord-operated switches may be installed.
Switching devices of the lighting network of attics with elements of building structures (roofing, trusses, rafters, beams, etc.) made of combustible materials must be installed outside the attic.
7.1.54. Switches for lamps for working, security and evacuation lighting of premises intended for the stay of a large number of people (for example, retail premises of shops, canteens, hotel lobbies, etc.) should be accessible only to service personnel.
A luminaire must be installed above each entrance to the building.
House license plates and fire hydrant indicators installed on the outer walls of buildings must be illuminated. The electric light sources of license plates and hydrant indicators should be powered from the building's internal lighting network, and the fire hydrant indicators installed on outdoor lighting poles should be supplied from the outdoor lighting network.
Fire-fighting devices and burglar alarms, regardless of the building's power supply reliability category, must be powered by two inputs, and in their absence, by two lines from one input. Switching from one line to another should be automatic.
Electric motors installed in the attic, distribution points, separately installed switching devices and protection devices must have a degree of protection of at least IP44.
Electricity metering
In residential buildings, one single or three-phase settlement meter (with three-phase input) should be installed for each apartment.
Settlement meters in public buildings, which house several consumers of electricity, should be provided for each consumer, isolated in administrative and economic terms (studio, shops, workshops, warehouses, housing maintenance offices, etc.).
In public buildings, calculated electricity meters should be installed at the ASU (MSW) at the balance delimitation points with the power supply organization. In the presence of built-in or attached transformer substations, the power of which is fully used by the consumers of this building, settlement meters should be installed at the low-voltage terminals of power transformers on combined low-voltage switchboards, which are at the same time the ASU of the building.
ASU and metering devices of different subscribers located in the same building may be installed in one common room. By agreement with the energy supply organization, settlement meters can be installed at one of the consumers, from the ASU of which other consumers located in this building are powered. At the same time, at the inputs of the supply lines in the premises of these other consumers, control meters should be installed for settlement with the main subscriber.
Estimated meters for the general house load of residential buildings (lighting of staircases, offices of house management, yard lighting, etc.) are recommended to be installed in ASU cabinets or on main switchboard panels.
When installing apartment shields in the hallways of apartments, meters, as a rule, should be installed on these shields, it is allowed to install meters on floor shields.
For the safe replacement of a meter directly connected to the network, a switching device must be provided in front of each meter to relieve voltage from all phases connected to the meter.
Disconnecting devices for removing voltage from settlement meters located in apartments should be located outside the apartment.
After the meter connected directly to the network, a protection device must be installed. If several lines equipped with protection devices leave after the meter, the installation of a common protection device is not required.
Protective security measures
7.1.67. Grounding and protective measures for the safety of electrical installations of buildings must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Ch. 1.7 and additional requirements given in this section.
In all rooms, it is necessary to connect the open conductive parts of general lighting fixtures and stationary electrical receivers (electric stoves, boilers, household air conditioners, electric towels, etc.) to the neutral protective conductor.
7.1.69. In the premises of buildings, metal cases of single-phase portable electrical appliances and desktop office equipment of class 1 according to GOST 12.2.007.0-75 "SSBT. Electrical products. General safety requirements" must be connected to the protective conductors of a three-wire group line (see. clause 7.1.36 ).
Metal frames of partitions, doors and frames used for laying cables should be connected to protective conductors.
7.1.70. In rooms without increased danger, it is allowed to use pendant luminaires that are not equipped with clamps for connecting protective conductors, provided that the hook for their suspension is insulated. The requirements of this paragraph do not supersede the requirements clause 7.1.36 and are not the basis for two-wire electrical wiring.
To protect group lines supplying socket outlets for portable electrical appliances, it is recommended to provide residual current devices (RCDs).
7.1.72. If the overcurrent protection device (circuit breaker, fuse) does not provide an automatic shutdown time of 0.4 s at a rated voltage of 220 V due to low short-circuit currents and the installation (apartment) is not covered by a potential equalization system, the installation of an RCD is mandatory.
7.1.73. When installing RCDs in series, selectivity requirements must be met. With two- and multi-stage circuits, the RCD located closer to the power source must have a rate and trip time of at least 3 times greater than that of an RCD located closer to the consumer.
In the coverage area of the RCD, the zero working conductor should not have connections with grounded elements and a zero protective conductor.
In all cases of application, the RCD must provide reliable switching of load circuits, taking into account possible overloads.
It is not allowed to use RCDs in group lines that do not have overcurrent protection, without an additional device that provides this protection.
When using RCDs that do not have overcurrent protection, their design verification in overcurrent modes is necessary, taking into account the protective characteristics of the higher-level device that provides overcurrent protection.
7.1.77. In residential buildings, it is not allowed to use RCDs that automatically disconnect the consumer from the network in the event of a power failure or unacceptable drop in mains voltage. In this case, the RCD must remain operational for a time of at least 5 s when the voltage drops to 50% of the nominal.
According to table A11, we determine the thermal resistance of external and internal doors: R nd \u003d 0.21 (m 2 0 C) / W, therefore, we accept double outer doors; R vd1 \u003d 0.34 (m 2 0 C) / W, R vd2 \u003d 0.27 (m 2 0 C) / W.
Then, using formula (6), we determine the heat transfer coefficient of external and internal doors:
W / m 2 about C
W / m 2 about C
2 Calculation of heat losses
Heat losses are conditionally divided into basic and additional.
Heat losses through the internal enclosing structures between the premises are calculated if the temperature difference on both sides is >3 0 С.
The main heat losses of the premises, W, are determined by the formula:
where F is the estimated area of \u200b\u200bthe fence, m 2.
Heat losses, according to formula (9), are rounded up to 10 W. The temperature t in the corner rooms is taken 2 0 C higher than the standard. We calculate heat losses for external walls (NS) and internal walls (VS), partitions (Pr), floors above the basement (PL), triple windows (TO), double external doors (DD), internal doors (DV), attic floors (PT ).
When calculating heat losses through the floors above the basement, the outside air temperature t n is taken to be the temperature of the coldest five-day period with a security of 0.92.
Additional heat losses include heat losses that depend on the orientation of the premises in relation to the cardinal points, on wind blowing, on the design of external doors, etc.
The addition to the orientation of the enclosing structures along the cardinal points is taken in the amount of 10% of the main heat losses if the fence is facing east (E), north (N), northeast (NE) and northwest (NW) and 5% - if west (W) and southeast (SE). The additive for heating the cold air rushing through the outer doors at the height of the building H, m, we take 0.27N from the main heat losses of the outer wall.
Heat consumption for heating the supply ventilation air, W, is determined by the formula:
where L p - supply air consumption, m 3 / h, for living rooms we take 3 m 3 / h per 1 m 2 of living quarters and kitchen area;
n - the density of the outside air, equal to 1.43 kg / m 3;
c - specific heat capacity, equal to 1 kJ / (kg 0 С).
Household heat releases supplement the heat transfer of heating devices and are calculated by the formula:
,
(11)
where F p is the floor area of the heated room, m 2.
The total (total) heat loss of the building Q floor is defined as the sum of the heat loss of all rooms, including staircases.
Then we calculate the specific thermal characteristic of the building, W / (m 3 0 C), according to the formula:
,
(13)
where is a coefficient that takes into account the influence of local climatic conditions (for Belarus 
);
V zd - the volume of the building, taken according to the external measurement, m 3.
Room 101 - kitchen; t in \u003d 17 + 2 0 C.
We calculate the heat loss through the outer wall with a northwest orientation (C):
outer wall area F = 12.3 m 2;
temperature difference t= 41 0 C;
coefficient taking into account the position of the outer surface of the building envelope in relation to the outside air, n=1;
heat transfer coefficient, taking into account window openings k \u003d 1.5 W / (m 2 0 C).
The main heat losses of the premises, W, are determined by the formula (9):
Additional heat loss for orientation is 10% of Qbase and is equal to:
Tue
Heat consumption for heating the supply ventilation air, W, is determined by the formula (10):
Household heat emissions were determined by the formula (11):
Heat costs for heating the supply ventilation air Q veins and household heat emissions Q household remain the same.
For triple glazing: F=1.99 m 2 , t=44 0 С, n=1, heat transfer coefficient K=1.82W/m 2 0 С, it follows that the main heat loss of the window Q main = 175 W, and additional Q ext \u003d 15.9 W. The heat loss of the outer wall (B) Q main \u003d 474.4 W, and the additional Q ext \u003d 47.7 W. The heat loss of the floor is: Q pl. \u003d 149 W.
We sum up the obtained values of Q i and find the total heat loss for this room: Q \u003d 1710 W. Similarly, we find heat losses for other rooms. The results of the calculation are entered in table 2.1.
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Table 2.1 - Sheet for calculating heat losses |
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room number and purpose |
Fencing surface |
temperature difference tv - tn |
Correction factor n |
Heat transfer coefficient k W/m C |
Main heat losses Qbase, W |
Additional heat loss, W |
Heat Sweat. on the filter Qven, W |
Genesis heat output Qlife, W |
General heat loss Qpot \u003d Qmain + Qadd + Qven-Qlife |
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|
Designation |
Orientation |
The size a, m |
The size b,m |
Area, m2 |
Orientation | ||||||||||
Continuation of table 2.1
Continuation of table 2.1
Continuation of table 2.1
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ΣQ FLOOR= 11960 |
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After the calculation, it is necessary to calculate the specific thermal characteristic of the building:
,
where α-coefficient, taking into account the influence of local climatic conditions (for Belarus - α≈1.06);
V zd - the volume of the building, taken according to the external measurement, m 3
The resulting specific thermal characteristic is compared by the formula:
,
where H is the height of the calculated building.
If the calculated value of the thermal characteristic deviates by more than 20% compared to the standard value, it is necessary to find out the reasons for this deviation.
,
As 
<
we assume that our calculations are correct.