Other areas of application of elm. Ornamental elm, cultivation, description and types

If you ask a simple layman what an elm is, then not everyone will understand what it is all about. And we are talking about elm or elm, as it is customary to call this tree in Central Asian countries.

Description of the species

Ilm is a very tall tree (up to 40 m.), representing the elm family, which has a straight long trunk, strongly branching towards the top. In girth, this tree is also quite large, and in terms of age, there are also three-hundred-year-old centenarians.

Young trees have smooth, light gray bark; older trees have darker, fissured bark. Ilm is easily recognizable not only by its powerful external dimensions, but also by much smaller details, such as foliage and seeds.

The foliage of the elm is slightly asymmetrical, attached to the branch with a short petiole, the veins of the leaf are very dense and clear, the edges resemble the teeth of a saw, the color of the leaf from above is brighter, greener and paler on the reverse side, in general it has a rough surface.

Ilm blooms at the very beginning of spring, even before the first leaves appear, the buds throw out long bunches of inflorescences. Later, whole clusters of seeds (lionfish) will appear on them, which are easily carried by the wind.

Elm is a very common tree, it can be found throughout the European part of our continent, in the Central Asian countries. All sorts of varieties of elm are found throughout our country and even on the American continent, mainly in the northern part.

Collection and preparation of elm

Folk healers and healers use elm bark, seeds, flowers and leaves for medicinal purposes. Flowers are harvested in early spring (the tree does not bloom at other times) and, like foliage, is dried in the shade, in a draft, under awnings.

The bark for harvesting is taken only from young trees in the spring, when it is easily separated from the trunk. The collected bark must be crushed and slightly dried, after which the drying should be completed in a dryer or oven at a temperature of about 60-70 degrees.
For storage, it is better to use linen "breathing" bags, and if there is not enough raw material, then paper bags will also do.

The composition and properties of elm

Elm, or rather its wood, contains sesquiterpenoids used in perfumery as odor fixatives.

Elm bark contains: fridelin, tannins, dehydroergosterol. Also present are stigmasterol, kakhetins.

The bark is often used to treat inflammatory processes of various origins on the skin, such as burn inflammation, tumors, scabies, scab, scrofula. In folk medicine of different peoples, there are recipes from elm bark for the treatment of cancer, bleeding, bedsores, and so on. Baths of decoction of the bark of the elm tree are used to treat hemorrhoids. In addition, it also has both diuretic and astringent properties.

Doctors use the bark of the elm tree to relieve inflammation on the mucous membranes, including the mouth, intestines and stomach.

Both bark and elm leaves contain leukocyanides and chlorogenic acid. Elm leaves contain rutin, vitamin C, quercetin and alphacatechin. Very often dry bark and powdered leaves are used as plasters for skin diseases. Another powder of elm bark, mixed with water to the consistency of a suspension, is used for diarrhea.

Fatty oils containing glycerin, capric acid and its glyceride are found in the leaves of the elm tree. In addition, they also contain carotene and vitamin E.

The seeds are used as a mild laxative that can be used in childhood.

Healing recipes based on elm

Elm leaf recipes:

Elm bark recipes:

• Tea for rinsing with inflammation of the oral cavity: 3 tablespoons without a hill of bark and 250 ml of water, bring to a boil and strain. Use undiluted.
• Infusion for the treatment of psoriasis: A tablespoon of the bark is poured into 1.5 cups of water, and boiled for about 6 minutes, after which it is infused for an hour, filtered and taken in 40 grams. (not a full stack) three times a day.
• Infusion for cancer: Pour a tablespoon of elm root bark with a glass of boiling water and boil for 10 minutes over low heat, close the container in which the bark was boiled with a lid, wrap and leave for a couple of hours. Take one stack (approximately 50 grams) twice a day.
• Aqueous suspension for diarrhea: Elm bark, crushed into powder, is mixed with water to the consistency of a suspension. Apply half a teaspoon twice a day.

Contraindications to the use of elm

There are no specific, scientifically proven contraindications for the elm tree, with the exception of individual intolerance.

Other areas of application of elm

Since ancient times, elm has been valued by joiners and carpenters for the high density of wood and its resistance to cracking. To this day, elm wood is used in the furniture industry, in shipbuilding, and in the production of plywood.

Elm burls are of particular value. Bast is used to make mats, ropes and bags.
In addition, elm is a natural dye: young branches give the fabrics a crimson color, and the bark gives a yellow tint.

Elm bark is used for tanning leather.

Seeds and shoots are used for livestock feed. Oil is extracted from the fruit.

Elm plantations have long been used by forestry in reclamation work, field-protective plantings, and landscape designers for landscaping plots.

Elm tree, belongs to the genus of deciduous, elm trees and has an external relationship with the elm. The name Karagach comes from the word "elm", sometimes it is called that way.

Many may wonder where does the elm tree grow? The largest distribution of this tree is observed in the vastness of Central Asia, and the second place is occupied by the Southern Urals.

The elm tree species is considered one of the oldest, it is more than ten million years old. There are many legends that are passed down from generation to generation about this tree.

One of them says that evil spirits seek their shelter in the branches of the elm tree, and if a person carries a piece of such wood with him, then the evil spirit will not touch him, they say, he does not offend his own.

And they also say that elm (like elm) is subject to the god of winemaking Bakhus and for a good harvest the tree must be thanked with vines. In addition, the mighty elm is the personification of the masculine principle, heroic strength and masculinity. It has long been used to produce beautiful handles for knives, which were bestowed on the best warriors.

The mystical elm will return lost strength, inspire confidence, help to find the meaning of life and solve difficult problems, help to return a person from depression and despondency.

Tree Description elm very unusual, it is unique in its qualities and characteristics, it belongs to semi-precious wood species. Fine furniture and other home furnishings are made from it.

Wood species elm is famous for its dense wood, which has dark reddish and brown hues, and also boasts a beautiful texture.

It is because of this that elm (elm, elm) gained incredible popularity among carpenters and cabinetmakers. But such wood gives a lot of worries, in order to process elm, the craftsmen have to work hard.

It is very difficult to split a tree, the wood practically does not warp when dried and does not crack. It has unique flexibility and is highly polishable. She is not afraid of water, similar to larch.

Elm wood products practically do not crack and do not dry out

This is confirmed by its use in mining mines, as well as in the construction of canals, dams and locks. In shipbuilding, elm wood (elm) is used for interior decoration of cabins and other hull parts. Another historical fact is the Venetian piles made of elm wood.

Characteristics of elm

To understand how looks like an elm tree you need to familiarize yourself with its main characteristics. Karagach considers it a large, strong, hardy tree and is able to reach a height of up to 30 meters, and the volume of the trunk is more than 1.3 meters in girth. Its leaves are beautiful, carved, large.

The tree loves abundant, scorching sun and a lot of heat, and in its luxurious shade you can hide from the sweltering summer heat. In its historical homeland, it is able to survive many human generations, since its life cycle is up to 300 years.

The appearance of the elm tree inspires undoubted trust and respect. Thanks to its powerful root system, reaching up to 8 meters deep into the earth, with partially superficial roots, no hurricane will be able to cope with it. Cork growths sometimes form on its trunk and branches. The bark of the trunk is rough, strongly rough to the touch.

Looking at photo of elm tree it is impossible not to notice the light green flowers, which, like small roses, stuck around his branch. so interesting that when you see them for the first time you will want to learn even more about the tree itself.

Karagach usually blooms at the end of April and blooms until the end of May. If you break a few flowering branches, then it is quite possible to decorate your home interior with them. The fruits of the elm tree begin to ripen after flowering ends. Visually, they look like miniature plates, inside of which there are seeds.

For example, in China, unripe elm seeds are added to food, and they are considered not only tasty, but also healthy. In the southern and sunny regions, elm can be found in gardens or parks, where passers-by rest under its spreading crown in the heat. Already at the beginning of autumn, the leaves of the tree become saturated yellow and it looks very elegant.

The use of elm

Wood products elm turn out amazingly beautiful. Craftsmen are not afraid of its density. Its trunk does not rot or crack, the wood has a unique flexibility. Her growth rings are perfectly visible, which is especially appreciated in finished products during processing.

The color of the trunk is not only beautiful, but also has a chic silky sheen. Because of all these positive qualities, elm is very loved and appreciated by connoisseurs of tree species.

It should be noted that in addition to positive qualities, there are also negative ones. The tree trunk is laborious to grind and paint. It has an aroma that does not have a very favorable effect on the human body.

In addition to furniture, household tableware is made from elm, these are spoons, ladles and cups. And the bark of the tree itself was intended for leather tanning. In addition to all this, the bark served as a medicine in the treatment of burns and eye diseases.

From wood growths (otherwise they are called papa or suvel) of elm, craftsmen and craftsmen create real masterpieces of household utensils and extraordinary, intricate figurines and figurines of various animals. Such works of art cost a lot of money and it takes months of painstaking work to make them.

Elm tree price

For the middle lane, the elm tree is a rare occurrence. To buy elm tree you need to try, since its seedlings are practically not sold in nurseries of coniferous and deciduous trees.

It needs suitable climatic conditions, harsh Russian winters and rainy summers do not favorably affect this ancient tree, with a strange and mystical name elm.

Elm tree price, or rather, its seedling has not actually been established. It can be brought from the regions of its main growth or exposed from seeds. Elm does not give basal processes.

However, it should be noted that its main purpose is the landscaping of parks. In view of the spreading crown, which gives great shade and a giant root system, it is not recommended to plant such a tree near the house.

The elm tree in terms of power and majesty can be compared with oak - both trees have a spreading crown, their age is several centuries old, these are real centenarians. Elm belongs to the elm (elm) family, other names of the tree: elm, elm, elm, birch bark. The tree is widespread in Russia, some of its species grow in North America and Europe.

general description

The history of the elm goes back several million years, so the tree belongs to relic species. Trees grow both singly and as part of mixed forests, they prefer fertile soils, but they also grow well on poor soils. Elms do not suffer from lack of sunlight; growing to a height of up to 40 m, they themselves create a shadow for undersized plants. The elm trunk reaches two meters in diameter, but there are undersized varieties close to shrubs.

Elm leaves not to be confused with others: they are jagged, have an oval shape, from the center to the sides are lined with embossed parallel stripes. The size of the leaves is 4-20 cm, the arrangement is alternate on short cuttings. With the advent of autumn, the dark green color of the foliage is replaced by red-brown hues, the yellowed leaves fall off very quickly.

Flowering and fruiting of the tree occur in April, when the leaves have not blossomed.

Small yellowish flowers are collected in bunches, the fruits are winged nuts. Fruit ripening ends at the end of May, dry lionfish with a rustle are carried by the wind throughout the district. When placed in favorable soil, the seeds germinate within a few days.

Elms are long-lived trees that can grow for three hundred years. About ten varieties of elm grow on the territory of Russia, most often you can find these types:

wood application

Elm wood is very dense, density indicators are about 600 kg / m 3. A beautiful texture is visible on the cut of the trunk, the core is light brown, the underbark has a pale yellow color. Elm wood is resistant to decay and warping, it is difficult to split or cut, while it is perfectly polished.

Due to its properties, elm wood has long been used for the production of wheel rims, dishes, rocker arms. Also, the material was used in the construction of bridges and dams, in equipping mines and cellars. Currently, elm wood is used in the form of veneer for interior decoration.

Parquet, details of wooden furniture, frames, panels are made from elm. Often the material is combined with lower quality wood species to give a more aesthetic appearance to products.

Medicinal properties

The medicinal properties of elm are little known, but people who have tried to be treated with decoctions and infusions from the bark and leaves of the tree always keep prepared dry elm raw materials at home. The chemical composition of elm leaves and bark is diverse: it contains ascorbic acid, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids.

Elm infusions and decoctions reduce inflammation, have an antibacterial effect, and accelerate wound healing. Plant extracts are used to treat diseases of the kidneys, skin, musculoskeletal system, heart and blood vessels, and the thyroid gland. A decoction of elm bark is used to gargle with sore throat, tea from the leaves is drunk for constipation. For hemorrhoids and kidney diseases, baths with the addition of a decoction of the bark are useful. The infusion is used as a lotion for skin rashes, hard-healing wounds.

When treating with infusions and decoctions of elm bark and leaves, it should be borne in mind that plant materials can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which manifest themselves in the form of allergies. You also need to understand that not all diseases can be cured by folk methods, if symptoms worsen, you must definitely see a doctor.

Tree planting and care

It is very easy to grow elm in the garden due to the high germination of seeds in the first few days after ripening. With each passing day, the ability to germinate is lost, so you need to not miss the moment when the seeds fell from the tree.

Basic Elm Growing Tips:

Planting elms in garden plots- an excellent way of gardening and strengthening the soil, preventing it from slipping and weathering. The only thing to consider when planting is the type of elm and its future size, since tall and sprawling trees are not suitable for small areas.

Elm, or elm, is a large deciduous tree with a dense crown. It looks beautiful, gives good shade and lends itself easily, therefore it is an active participant in the landscaping of cities and villages. It can be found on the streets, in parks, along roads and in forest plantations. The name "elm" originates from the ancient Celts, who called this tree "elm". The Russian name "elm" comes from the word "knit", since earlier it was used to knit sledges, rims and other products. Some of its species are called elm, birch bark, elm, elmovik.

hornbeam

This type of elm (pictured is a tree and leaves) is found in Europe, Central Asia, North Africa, and the Caucasus. deciduous tree that loves well-lit places, although it grows in the shade. The maximum height is 20-25 m, and the crown diameter is 10 m.

There are cork growths on dark brown branches. The leaves are large, pointed, smooth above and hairy below. The foliage is dark green in summer and bright yellow in autumn. Small flowers, collected in bunches, bloom until the leaves appear. Nutty fruits inside a membranous lionfish.

It tolerates cold winters and drought well. In favorable conditions can live 300 years. The hornbeam elm is good for health. It has diuretic, antimicrobial, diuretic and astringent properties. The bark inhibits the absorption of cholesterol. A decoction of it treats burns and skin diseases.

Smooth

The smooth elm is also called the common elm or large-leaved elm. Grows throughout Europe. His height - 25 m (sometimes 40 m), wide crown diameter - 10-20 m. The tree trunk is straight and thick, up to 1.5 m in diameter. The bark of young shoots is smooth, in adults it is rough, thick and peels off in thin plates. The leaves are quite large (12 cm), ovate, pointed, dark green above and light green below.

In autumn, the foliage turns brownish-purple. The flowers are small, brown with purple stamens. The fruit is a round lionfish with cilia along the edges.

Did you know? Elm wood does not rot in water, so in the Middle Ages in Europe, water pipes were made from its trunks. The pillars of the first London Bridge were also made from this tree.

The smooth elm has a powerful root system. Perennial trees form a kind of support: board-like roots 30-50 cm high at the base of the trunk. Grows fast and lives 200-300 years(sometimes 400 years). Drought tolerant but loves moist soil. Easily tolerates short-term flooding.

The wood of the large-leaved elm is dense, strong and easy to process. Furniture, rifle butts and other products are made from it. Previously, smooth elm bark was used for tanning leather, and bast for weaving ropes, mats and making washcloths. Useful substances that smooth elm contains give it healing properties: anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, astringent and diuretic.

Important! In cities, the common elm is indispensable, because more dust lingers on its leaves than on the leaves of other urban trees. It is planted to protect and strengthen beams and ravines.

Androsov

This type of elm does not occur in nature. It is artificially bred and is a hybrid of the squat and dense elms. The height of an adult tree is 20 m. Its crown has the shape of a tent and gives a dense shadow. The bark is grey. Leaves ovate, pointed.

Grows in moderately moist soil, easily withstands drought. The ability to produce side shoots makes the tree a good dust collector. Therefore, it is actively used for urban plantings. The plant is easy to shape and looks very beautiful, which made it popular in.

Thick

Rarely found in the wild. Grows in Central Asia. This tall tree grows up to 30 m. It has a wide pyramidal crown, which gives a dense shade. The bark on young branches is yellow-brown or gray, on old branches it is dark. The leaves are small, 5-7 cm long, leathery, ovate.

Dense elm is an unpretentious plant, frost-resistant, easily tolerates drought, although it loves moist soil. Gas resistance helps him feel great in urban smog.

vane

Other names are cut elm, or mountain elm. Distributed in East Asia, the Far East, Japan and China. Grows in deciduous and mixed forests. It can be found in mountain forests at an altitude of 700-2200 m above sea level. Tree growth - 27 m.

The color of the bark is gray and gray-brown. The shape of the crown is wide, cylindrical, rounded. The leaves are large, pointed above, sometimes with 3-5 pointed lobes. The plant tolerates shade, frost, strong winds and urban smoke well.

Pinnately branched

The second name is pinnately branched elm. It occurs naturally in Kazakhstan, the Far East, Central and East Asia. Grows on mountain slopes, pebbles, sands. Likes a lot of sun. Can live over 100 years. Height - 15-25 m. The crown is spreading, but does not give a shadow.

Small leaves are arranged in 2 rows and give the impression of large pinnate leaves, which gave the species its name. The plant is winter-hardy, freely drought tolerant and adaptable to any soil. It grows rapidly, but reaches its maximum growth only in its natural environment: in the south, on moist soils. Easily tolerates urban conditions - asphalt, dust, smog. It lends itself well to pruning and is popular in park construction.

David

The Elm of David is a shrub or tree that is 15 m high. The leaves are sharp, ovate, 10 cm long and 5 cm wide. The fruit is a yellow-brown lionfish. A well-known variety is the Japanese elm. It is popular in Russia, Mongolia, China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula.

Did you know? The long-lived elm, which is more than 800 years old, grows in Korea.

Small

This species has many names - elm, birch bark, karaich, cork elm, red elm, field elm (the tree in the photo). Distribution area: Ukraine, Russia, Asia Minor, Western Europe. It lives in broad-leaved and mixed forests, on river banks and high in the mountains.

The height of the tree ranges from 10 to 30 m. The crown is low. The leaves are oblong, obovate. Life expectancy up to 400 years. Karagach loves places lit by the sun, easily tolerates drought, but not frost. Distinctive feature - the tree forms a wide network of superficial roots.

Thus, the topsoil is strengthened and reduced risk of erosion. Therefore, field elm is often used not only for landscaping cities, but also for field-protective forest plantations. Cork growths are often found on the branches, which increases the value of wood as a building material.

large-fruited

Ilm large-fruited lives in the East of Russia, in Mongolia, China and on the Korean Peninsula. It usually grows in river valleys, on wooded and rocky slopes. Is it a shrub or small tree whose maximum height is 11 m, with a large spreading crown. The bark is gray, brown or yellowish. The leaves are large, shiny, rough above and smooth below.

The name of the tree is due to its fruits, large hairy lionfish that adorn it. A very thermophilic plant. This type of elm differs from its relatives in its extreme resistance to drought. Therefore, it is actively used to fix the soil of quarries, embankments and rocky slopes.

Rough

Elm (lat. Ulmus) is a genus of powerful trees from the Elm family (lat. Ulmaceae). Trees have other equally well-known names: birch bark and elm. And several species of this genus: V. small, V. small-leaved, V. squat, are often called elm. Many representatives of the genus are distributed in the broad-leaved forests of the Volga region, in Central Asia, in the Caucasus, the Southern Urals, in Europe and China. In nature, they rarely form homogeneous plantations: most often they are mixed with other trees.

Description

Elm is a large deciduous tree that can grow up to 40 m. At such a height, the trunk diameter reaches 2 m. There are species in the genus that grow in the form of shrubs. The crown of elms can be wide cylindrical or spherical. Branching is sympodial, that is, the top of the main branch (axis) at some point stops growing, and its place is taken by the lateral one, growing in the direction of the main axis, with time a kind of ladder along the trunk is obtained.

The color of the bark is mostly brown. In young specimens, the bark is smooth, coarsens with age, longitudinal cracks appear on it, and in some species, sagging. The root system is powerful, often without a taproot. The leaves are arranged alternately, two-row-mosaic, from which the crown of elms practically does not transmit light and forms a thick shadow at the foot. The leaves are 5 to 20 cm long and have short petioles. The shape and size of the leaves can be different, they form a kind of lace - the so-called ligature. With the advent of autumn, the leaves turn a bright yellow.

Botanical illustration of the type species V. American (U. americana)

Elm flowering begins early: in March-April. Small inconspicuous flowers, grouped in bunches in the axils of the leaves, are pollinated by the wind. The fruits ripen in April-June, depending on climatic conditions. The fruits are winged nuts collected in groups. Elms begin to bear fruit at the age of 7-8 years. A large number of seeds ripen on each tree, which are dispersed by the wind and, once in moist ground, germinate in 5-7 days. Trees live up to 120, and some up to 300 years.

Species diversity

Elms have been introduced into cultivation for a very long time, on the basis of some species many varieties and hybrids have been bred, which are widely used in landscaping city streets and squares.

B. small-leaved(lat. U. parvifolia) and V. squat (lat. U. pumila) in some places are called elmovik (sometimes elm). In the natural environment, the species are widely distributed in the northern regions of China, Kazakhstan, Western Siberia, Mongolia, and India. In Europe, in Canada and the USA it is cultivated culturally. V. squat grows up to 25 m, V. small-leaved lower - up to 15 m. The leaves of both species are small - up to 8 cm long, oval with pointed tips. From the bark of these trees, a fiber similar to hemp is obtained. Karagach loves illuminated places, he is not picky about the composition of the soil and its moisture content. Trees tolerate transplanting and pruning well. In addition, they do not have root shoots, which makes the species valuable for decorative use. There are varieties such as 'Celer' that are great for making hedges.

Elm 'Camperdown' in Brooklyn Park (U. glabra 'Camperdownii')

B. small(lat. U. minor) or birch bark - this species, like the previous two, is called elm. The trees are characterized by relatively low growth (up to 10 m) and a low-lying crown. Cork growths can often be seen on the branches, giving value to the wood. In its natural environment, it grows in Ukraine, Asia Minor, Western Europe and in the southern regions of Russia. It differs from other species in the shape of the leaves. In elm, they are elongated, obovate with serrated edges. The species loves sunny places, not very frost-resistant. A characteristic feature is the ability to develop a network of surface roots, which perfectly strengthens the top layer of soil.

B. rough(lat. U. glabra) or V. mountain - a species growing in nature in Asia Minor, Europe, the Caucasus and the Crimea. The species is frost-resistant (found in Karelia and in the north of Norway). Trees with a highly located crown grow up to 30 m. The leaves are large, up to 15 cm long. The bark is smooth. Flowering is observed in April, fruiting - in May. The species is demanding on the soil. Grows well in the shade. On its basis, many interesting varieties have been bred that are widely used in landscape design.

B. small-leaved (U. parvifolia)

Decorative forms of elm:

V. mountain "Camperdown"(lat. U. glabra ‘Camperdownii’) is a beautiful variety with a rounded crown shape and drooping branches. Plants grow up to 4 m. They withstand frosts down to -30 ° C, in summer you need to make sure that the earth does not dry out.

V. mountain "Low"(lat. U. glabra ‘Nana’) is a low-growing, slow-growing elm. The tree grows up to 2 m, differs in small leaves. This variety is similar to V. mountain "Curly" (lat. U. glabra ‘Crispa’), which also grows slowly. Of interest are beautiful leaves with terry edges.

B. rough ‘Lutescens’(lat. U. glabra ‘Lutescens’) is a variety with a very beautiful and delicate leaf color. One of the few that does not suffer from Dutch elm disease.

V. rough "Weeping" (U. glabra ‘Pendula’)

V. rough "Weeping"(lat. U. glabra ‘Pendula’) is an excellent option for growing for decorative purposes. It grows up to 5 m. The crown looks like an inverted bowl. The branches are long, hanging down with large beautiful leaves.

V. small "Jacqueline Hiller"(lat. U. minor ‘Jacqueline Hillier’) is a slow growing variety with small leaves. Can be grown as a shrub. On sale can be found on the trunk. It grows up to 3.5 m. It develops well both in the shade and in the sun.

Photogallery of species

cultivation

Site selection and care

Elm planting is most successful on fertile soils, especially on floodplains. Heavy soils are fertilized with organic matter. Some species tolerate salinity and lack of moisture well. Many elms are shade-tolerant, but there are varieties that love sunny places.

In care and cultivation, trees are undemanding, they tolerate frosty winters quite well. If the branches of the plant are slightly frosted over, then they are easy to cut in the spring. General recommendations suitable for many species are:

• fertile, well-drained soil;
• good watering at the beginning of summer, later it is reduced, but excessive drying of the earth is not allowed.

Small elm in the form of bonsai (U. minor)

pruning

You can prune in autumn and very early spring. Elms grow slowly, so we are talking about rare and weak pruning, or even its absence. Varieties suitable for hedges are cut from mid-summer as needed. All types require sanitary pruning, in which old and dry branches are removed. When grown for ornamental purposes, trees are shaped like standard trees, leaving a bare trunk of the desired height. In addition, you can remove branches that are uneven along the main shoot. Weeping varieties do not form and do not cut.

Elm and spruce

reproduction

In nature, elm propagation occurs by self-sowing. Seeds quickly lose their germination capacity, therefore, when growing elm seeds, only freshly harvested material is sown (May-June). Before planting, they are moistened for 2-3 days and treated with a fungicide. Planting depth 1 cm, distance between pits 20 cm, covered with moss or hay on top, watered well. Shoots appear in a week. After the sprouts get stronger, the moss is removed, and the soil around is well loosened. Watering is reduced, and by mid-August they stop. From seeds in the first year, plants grow up to 15 cm, then annually give an increase of up to 40 cm. It is better to wrap small plants for the winter.

Elms also reproduce vegetatively: by stump shoots and root offspring. The reliability of such methods is low, so it is better to purchase a ready-made 3-4 year old seedling.

Elm seeds

Diseases and pests

The elm is subject to invasions of leaf-eating insects: elm leaf beetle, scale insect and springtail. They can suffer from fungal diseases: Dutch elm disease, which leads to the drying of branches and the death of the plant. From insects, ordinary insecticidal preparations are used. But there is no cure for fungal disease. For prevention, a young tree can be treated with a systemic fungicide, for example, Maxim KS.

Elm in the company of flowers

decorative application

Karagach is great for urban conditions: it grows quickly, drought-resistant. It looks beautiful in a joint planting with acacias and conifers. It can be used for quick landscaping as well as hedges. Decorative and ordinary forms of elms are used for parks and gardens. Some varieties look spectacular in the central places of grassy lawns. It is better not to plant flowering plants directly under the elms, as their crowns form a deep shadow. Due to the fact that elms tolerate shearing well, they are used in the Japanese art of growing bonsai bonsai trees.

An interesting fact: elm wood, being in water, does not rot. Therefore, in the old days it was used for the manufacture of water pipes and supports for bridges. Elm has also found its use: in the manufacture of furniture, its wood is highly valued for its beautiful pattern and high strength.