How to make a roof of a house with an attic. Mansard roofs: types and design features. Basic schemes of truss systems

A do-it-yourself mansard roof built over the house allows you to increase the total living area with minimal financial investment. Among the most popular options is a gable sloping roof, the installation technology of which is not difficult.

Project development

By “breaking” the roof slopes at different angles, you can increase the amount of space under the mansard roof. A broken structure, like another type of attic roof, is more massive and heavier than a standard gable roof, which should be taken into account when equipping the attic floor during the reconstruction of a house. It is first necessary to examine the condition of the foundation and walls of the structure to determine whether they can withstand increased loads. If the device of a massive attic structure is planned at the stage of preparation for construction with your own hands, this should be taken into account when developing the project for the foundation and walls of the house.

The creation of a mansard roof project should be taken carefully, since errors in calculations or incorrectly selected parameters of the elements of the truss system can lead to damage to the roof itself, and in some cases the walls of the house, during operation.

It is recommended to entrust the development of a mansard roof project to professionals. It is also possible to use special computer programs that calculate the optimal angle of inclination of the roof and other parameters. All calculations are performed in accordance with the document SNiP "Loads and Impacts".

When choosing an attic project, the construction of which can be done by hand, first of all, you need to pay attention to the dependence of the parameters of the room on the angle of the roof. The dwelling must have a height of more than 2.2 meters. If the roof slopes are straight, then the angle of their inclination seriously affects the width of the room.

A broken mansard roof allows you to maximize the expansion of the room, providing the required ceiling height across its entire width. At the same time, the side (lower) rafters are located at an angle of about 60 degrees, and the angle of inclination of the upper ones can be chosen at your discretion, based on aesthetic preferences, as well as snow and wind loads characteristic of the construction area.

Roofing cake and other elements

If you are going to make an attic roof with your own hands, it is necessary to provide for the use of certain materials for the installation of a roofing pie in the project. They include:

• waterproofing;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• roofing material.

The choice of insulation affects such a parameter as the pitch of the rafters - in order to save heat-insulating material, it is recommended to position the rafters in such a way that the slab or mat fits snugly between them. The type of lathing (solid or sparse) and the step of the sparse lathing depend on the choice of roofing. It should be noted that the device of the roof of the attic floor provides for the creation of not only high-quality insulation, but also effective ventilation of the roofing system.

Materials and tools

In order to ensure safety, the construction of the truss system and roofing should be carried out using fireproof, environmentally friendly materials. Wood materials are treated with fire and biological protection means.

For the construction of the truss system of a private house with your own hands, you will need:

• wooden beam with a section of 50 × 100 mm;
• board 150 × 50 mm;
• unedged board;
• nails 80, self-tapping screws and other fasteners;
• annealed wire (diameter 3-4 mm);
• level;
• plumb;
• roulettes;
• hacksaws;
• axes;
• hammers;
• sharp carpentry knives.

Using a quality tool simplifies and speeds up the installation of wooden structures with your own hands. Instructions for doing work step by step can be found in the video.

Mauerlat device

The Mauerlat, made of timber or a powerful board, acts as the base of the roof truss system of the mansard roof. A gable roof requires laying a Mauerlat on the long walls of the house. Mauerlat not only allows you to securely fix the lower part of the rafters, but also contributes to an even distribution of the load when it is transferred to the walls and foundation of the building.

To fix the Mauerlat board or beam, metal studs are used, fixed in a monolithic concrete beam made in the upper part of the wall, or annealed wire embedded in the brickwork. When attaching the Mauerlat to the upper crown of the wooden wall, wooden dowels are used. The Mauerlat device requires high-quality waterproofing of a wooden beam. For this purpose, roofing felt or other durable materials with water-repellent properties can be used.

Mauerlat installation is necessary if it is planned to build a roof frame with your own hands, the rafters of which rest against the upper part of the wall with a beveled end or a special cutout. If an attic is designed, the width of which actually corresponds to the width of the house, the rafters rest with their lower end against the outriggers. Powerful beams laid across long walls act as supports. The number of supports should correspond to the number of truss pairs. The beams are attached to the walls in a similar way to the Mauerlat, and waterproofing is also used.

Mauerlat or support beams must be securely fastened to the walls, as these elements prevent the roof from moving under strong wind loads.

Construction of the supporting structure

The construction of the frame of a broken mansard roof begins with the laying of supports under the racks, which must be located strictly symmetrically relative to the axis of the building. The distance between the supports is equal to the width of the future attic. First of all, U-shaped arches are mounted on the gables of the structure. Each arch consists of two support posts connected by a bridge. For the manufacture of racks, a bar is used, the cross section of which must be no less than the cross section of the support under it.

Racks are installed on a plumb line, strictly vertically. A jumper is attached to them, the horizontalness of which should be checked during installation. According to the size of the first arch on the other front, the second is made. It is important to level the structure. A cord is stretched between the U-shaped arches, which must be located strictly horizontally. If necessary, one of the arches is dismantled and adjusted exactly to the size. Focusing on the stretched cord, you should install the remaining arches. Their number and pitch depend on the designed pitch of the rafters, since the upper end of each rafter is attached to the corresponding post. This provides the necessary rigidity of the mansard roof frame.

Racks of U-shaped arches can be attached to the support with metal brackets, nails or tenon joints. You can learn about the main methods of connecting the elements of the truss structure from the video instructions. To ensure the verticality of the racks under the load that the roof will experience during operation, it is recommended to additionally install braces. The arches in the upper part are interconnected by lintels parallel to the long walls of the house.

Installation of rafter legs

Do-it-yourself construction of a broken roof involves the use of two types of rafter legs. The lower rafters are located at a very sharp angle, connecting the racks with the Mauerlat or the ends of the extended transverse supports. The upper gable truss structure is mounted on an arched system.

Before installing the lower rafter legs, it is necessary to carefully mark the place of their installation on the Mauerlat. The rafters extreme to the pediment are mounted first. The trimming of the rafter legs is carried out in such a way that the cut of the upper edge of the board fits at the required angle to the rack, and the lower cut rests on the power plate or outrigger. If, according to the project, the mansard roof is made with slope overhangs, a special-shaped cutout is made in the lower part of the rafter leg: the rafter rests on the support with the horizontal part of the cutout. The rafter is fastened with nails or staples. It is additionally recommended to strengthen the connections of the legs with the Mauerlat or the remote support with burnt wire with a diameter of 3-4 mm. According to a similar scheme, all lower rafters are installed.

If we are building a house whose length exceeds 8 meters, it is recommended to install a truss system with a ridge beam. Such a device allows you to evenly distribute the load on the entire frame. In this case, racks are installed in the center of the gables, the verticality of which is checked by a plumb line, a ridge beam is mounted strictly horizontally on them. It is important to correctly determine the height of the ridge, since the angle of inclination of the upper rafters directly depends on this. The rafter legs rest with their upper cut ends against the ridge beam, and the lower ones against the supporting arched structure.

The upper rafters of the attic roof can be an L-shaped structure. The rafter legs can be butted together using a wooden or metal fastening plate, or by cutting into half a tree, using a bolted connection. It is recommended to fit the first pair of rafters in place, which is then dismantled and used as a template. Prepared farms are installed in the standard order - first the extreme ones, then the rest with constant leveling.

At the last stage of creating a roof structure, do-it-yourself installation of the lathing, laying waterproofing, creating a ventilation gap, and installing the roofing are carried out. From the inside, thermal insulation and vapor barrier are attached, the lining is attached. On the video you can get acquainted in detail with the technology of work.

A modern mansard roof is a great opportunity to significantly expand the living space of your home without any hassle. But, if you involve builders in the work, then this can cost a pretty penny. It is quite understandable that each of us thought about the question of whether it is possible to do everything on our own without experience. We assure you that a do-it-yourself mansard roof is more than real. We provide you with comprehensive instructions.

Currently, the best option is a broken attic. It is quite spacious and can really become a full-fledged living space with a large area. Naturally, for this you need to make accurate calculations.

Building a mansard roof will require you to consider many factors before. Let's list the main ones.

Video about the mansard roof of the house with your own hands

It is quite clear that the smaller the angle of inclination, the more usable space will be in your attic. But it is far from always necessary to strive for the most gently sloping placement. Here are some features of the choice:

• If your house is located in a temperate area, where it is often windy and snow is rare, then you can safely make a roof with a slight slope;
• If snowfalls and downpours are common in your area, a sloping roof should be discarded;
• Do not forget that you need to take care of high-quality heat, sound and waterproofing. The attic is such a living space, like the rest of the rooms in your house;
• The best roofing materials are tiles or slate. Many mistakenly put a metal coating, but with the advent of cold weather they face problems of heat conservation in the attic. Please note that the materials must be fireproof and moisture resistant. The roof always consists of wooden elements. In order to better preserve, it is recommended to treat all such surfaces with an antifungal solution;
• An outdoor staircase for the attic will significantly save space in the house. An internal staircase is a much more convenient option, but it also takes up a lot of space. Great if you take care of installing a ceiling ladder. She practically does not take up space. As an alternative, you can install a spiral staircase, but its convenience is often questionable.

An outdoor staircase for the attic will significantly save space in the house

• To begin with, you will need wooden beams 10x10 cm in cross section. They are applied over waterproofing. The best material for her is roofing material or roofing felt, which is sold in rolls. Working with them is quite convenient and you do not need any additional skills. If your ceiling is also made of wood, then there is no need to lay an additional beam under the main beams.
• The next step is to install the racks on the beams. The same bar with a section of 10x10 cm will suit you. These racks are a kind of skeleton of the walls of your attic. In order for them to fully fulfill their functions, they must be placed no further than two meters from each other. Make sure each one is perfectly level. We recommend checking each with a level and, if necessary, filing in the right places. When the racks are installed, they must be sheathed on both sides. For the inside, a great option is drywall or ordinary plywood, for the outside - slab. It is important not to forget at this stage to lay the insulation between the racks. Each rack is separately fixed with spikes and staples. So that at the same time they do not lean, we recommend that they be properly fixed with temporary braces.
• Next, lay the top beam. Its cross section should be the same as in the previous paragraphs. You can fix it the way you want. But make sure that the beams are held firmly and firmly.

Each rack is individually secured with spikes and staples

• Now you need to install the Mauerlat. This is a kind of support for the rafter leg, which is located at the bottom of the structure. For Mauerlat, you will need a beam with a section of 40x40 cm or a board with the same thickness. Thanks to the Mauerlat, high strength of the roof rafters to the walls will be ensured. It allows you to redirect the weight of the roof directly onto the walls. More than 40 cm cross section is optional. All the same, the Mauerlat lies directly on the wall and the load on it is relatively small. Just remember to put waterproofing under it, otherwise it will start to rot over time.
• A well-mounted mauerlat protects your roof from the effects of wind, snow mass in winter and other loads. Therefore, make sure that it is fixed carefully. To do this, you can use a wire with a diameter of up to 5 mm. It is best to choose annealed wire, which is just designed for strapping. In order to make the walls more durable, the wire is embedded directly into them.
• Now you need to install the rafter legs. Make markings on the rafter frame and Mauerlat in places where the rafters will be installed. Usually the step is 1-1.2 m. For rafters, a board with a section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you. Choose only perfectly flat boards. It is better to overpay a little money for them, but be sure that a do-it-yourself residential attic will not cause you to collapse the roof of the attic.

For rafters, a board with a section of 4-5 cm and a width of 15 cm is suitable for you

• Rafter legs should rest on the ridge beam. If your attic has a large area, then the weight of its roof will be large. Therefore, the beam is an indispensable structural element. It is not needed only if the length of the rafter is less than eight meters. In this case, you can do with the usual stretch marks.
• Filly installation. Produce it in the same way as the rafters. To simplify the process, start with the two extremes, pull the twine between them and align with it when installing the next ones.
• Now it is necessary to nail the hem board to the fillies. It will become an obstacle to wind and almost any precipitation.
• Before you make a mansard roof, you must consider where the windows will be installed. Remember that their area should occupy at least 12-13% of the area of ​​the side walls. Where you decide to put windows, you need to strengthen the rafters. To do this, install the cross bars. They will take on the role of the lower and upper parts of the opening, where the window frame will be installed and attached.

Before you make a mansard roof, you must consider where the windows will be installed.

When the previous ten points are completed, you need to carefully double-check everything that has been done. Already at this stage, you will understand how to make a roof with an attic without any problems, but you always need to play it safe. Especially if you are doing it for the first time.

Carefully go through the level along all the rafters and beams, check whether they really hold tightly and securely, whether there is insulation everywhere, whether problem areas need to be finalized. It will be better if you ask one of the more experienced builders to assess with a trained eye whether everything is really done the way it should. Remember that the roof in your house must be safe and strong. But if everything is fine and the design is held securely, you can proceed to further work:

• You have already created the roof skeleton. Now you need to nail the battens to the rafters. The pitch depends on which roofing material you choose for your roof.
• When the crate is installed, a hydrobarrier must be installed on it. In most cases, plain plastic film works best for this. It is inexpensive, qualitatively protects the attic from moisture ingress and is easily attached with construction brackets. The main thing to remember is that the layers of the film must be laid from the bottom up with the layers overlapping each other.
• A heat-insulating layer must be placed on top of the film. One of the best materials that serves these purposes is mineral wool. It is lightweight, retains heat well and is completely safe for your health, unlike many other heat-insulating materials. In addition, it effectively prevents the spread of rodents in your home.

On top of the film it is necessary to put a heat-insulating layer

• When you get to the roof, proceed in the same way as in the case of plastic wrap. The roofing ball also lies from the bottom up, and the elements are superimposed on each other. Make sure that in those places where there is a break in the roof, the upper ball of the roof protrudes above the lower one. It is very important. Otherwise, with the slightest rain, your roof will leak, and the structure will gradually rot.
• The installation of the ridge should take place in such a way that its design completely excludes the possibility of rain falling under the roof of your roof.

Completion of installation

The main part of the work has come to an end. It is recommended to make mansard roofs multi-layered so that they provide the best heat, noise and waterproofing of the entire attic. Do not forget also that the attic must "breathe". Modern windows and doors are an essential element of any such roof.

If you have not fully decided on the installation of stairs, then for a start it is better to install an external one. It will be cheaper and easier that way. In any case, if you feel that this option does not suit you, you can make a staircase indoors at any time, sacrificing space in the house.

Video about a gable roof

Now you know how to build a mansard roof according to all the rules and not resort to the help of an expensive team of builders. Be patient, select high-quality materials and tools, and then follow our instructions. Good luck!

When building such a complex structure as a do-it-yourself mansard roof, a lot of different factors should be taken into account. First of all, you need to choose the type of roof, of which there are many. Next, you need to draw up a project with the calculation of the truss system, the slope of the slopes, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof and the amount of materials needed for its construction.

The roof is being built according to certain technologies, which cannot be violated. We will talk about how to make a full-fledged attic floor in a country house in this article.

Types of mansard roofs

Before we begin to figure out how to properly build a mansard roof, let's see what varieties of such structures are. Such roofs differ in the shape and number of slopes, their angle of inclination, the type of roofing material used, and the degree of insulation. The choice of one or another type of roof depends on a variety of factors: the architectural design of the house as a whole, the climatic zone in which the building is located, the financial capabilities of its owners, etc. The attic, in principle, is allowed to be arranged under the roof of any design.

Mansard roofs are:

1. Shed. This is the easiest type of roof to build. Under the shed roof in the attic room there will be only one full-fledged wall;
2. Gable. The device of the mansard roof of this type is also not particularly difficult. Its disadvantage is not too large usable area. After all, the corners of the room under the gable roof form an unused "deaf" zone;
3. Double broken lines. This option is much more convenient in terms of housing;
4. Tent. Such a roof is arranged in square buildings. The hipped roof has four slopes of the same size;

Hipped mansard roof is arranged in square houses

1. Hip. It is also a hipped mansard roof. Instead of gables, slopes are provided in the design. The hip roof is also very convenient for arranging an attic under it;
2. Multi-forceps. Such roofs have a very complex configuration;
3. Pyramidal, conical, domed. Roofs of this type are arranged on buildings of complex shape.

A roof of any design can be converted into an attic

There is also a mansard-type roof itself. Its design involves the removal of slopes far enough outside the building itself on special consoles.

How to make a roof calculation

In order to calculate the amount of roofing material, insulation, hydro- and vapor barrier film, it is necessary first of all to determine the area of ​​​​the future roof. It is especially difficult to perform the necessary calculations if the roof is broken and has a complex configuration. At the same time, a diagram of the mansard roof is drawn and divided into simple geometric shapes. Next, the area of ​​each figure is calculated. The results obtained are added up.

The area of ​​a triangle is calculated by the formula S=(bxh)/2, where b is the length of the base of the triangle, h is its height. The formula for calculating the area of ​​a trapezoid is S=((a+b)/2)xh, where a and b are the bases of the trapezoid, h is its height. The circle formula is S= pxr 2, where r is the radius of the circle. Number n=3.14

Mansard roof. Drawings allow you to easily calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe roof

1. roofing material used. Manufacturers always indicate what the minimum and maximum angle of inclination is acceptable for one or another of its types;
2. Climatic conditions. Do-it-yourself mansard roof is arranged taking into account the region in which the building is located. The steeper the angle of inclination, the greater the load on the roof will be exerted by the wind. But at the same time, the load from snow and ice on the roofing cake and rafters will be less;
3. The purpose of the building. The design of the mansard roof in our case should be developed taking into account the fact that in the future it will be a living space. Therefore, it is recommended to choose such an angle that the height from the floor beam to the top of the roof is at least 2.5 m, taking into account the thickness of the heat insulator and sheathing.

Continue the installation of the mansard roof by installing the lower (layered) rafters. For them, a bar with a section of 50x150mm is suitable. You should first make a template from a not too thick board. One of its ends is applied to the Mauerlat, and the other to the run. Next, mark out the shape of the gash and cut it out. According to this template, the rafters are cut.

To install the upper (hanging) rafters mark the center of the roof. At the same time, a temporary stand is nailed to the Mauerlat and an extreme tightening is set. Next, a template is prepared from the board and the ends of the upper rafters are cut out along it. In the center they are fastened together with metal plates. Then you need to put hanging racks (beam 25x150mm). After that, the lower rafters are strengthened with struts (board 50x150 mm) and the gables are sewn up.

For fixing all elements of the truss system, galvanized corners, self-tapping screws and nails are used.

crate

Mansard roof projects can involve the use of a wide variety of roofing materials. Very often you can see roofs made of metal or corrugated board. A sparse crate can be installed under them. When using rolled materials, a solid one is mounted.

Mansard roof lathing can be solid or sparse

Waterproofing and installation of roofing material

Do-it-yourself attic roof will turn out to be reliable only if high-quality waterproofing is arranged. Most often, a superdiffusion membrane is used to protect roofs. Mount it start from the bottom. At an angle of inclination of the roof from 15 to 30 degrees, the overlap between the rows of the film should be approximately 25 cm, at an angle of more than 30 degrees - 15-20 cm. The film is attached to the rafters by means of special brackets. A counter-lattice is stuffed over the film. Roofing material is attached to it.

Roofing material is mounted on top of the waterproofing film

Warming

Subject to all insulation technologies, you will get a mansard roof suitable for arranging a living space. Do-it-yourself heat insulator is usually mounted from the inside of the room. In the case of installation of insulation from the outside, the attic is preliminarily sheathed from the inside. After the laying is completed, in order to prevent the plates from falling out, they are covered with wire from below, fixing it to the rafters.

Insulation of the roof of houses with an attic. Photo of basalt wool between rafters

Vapor barrier and cladding

The attic of a gable roof is arranged with the obligatory use of a vapor barrier material. On top of the cotton wool, it is necessary to stretch the isospan with foil into the room. Above it, a counter-lattice is stuffed under the skin. Thus, ventilation is arranged. From the inside, the attic is sheathed with drywall, clapboard or plywood.

In this way, a reliable mansard roof can be erected with your own hands. The video below shows the process of installing a roofing pie with laying insulation on the outside.

As you can see, the procedure for erecting a mansard roof is quite technologically complicated. However, it is still possible to arrange additional living space in the country with your own hands, with a little effort.

If you want to maximize the usable area of ​​​​the house without spending fabulous money, you should definitely consider projects with an attic. The experience of developers suggests that this is the best way to plan economy class housing, because one square meter of living space in it costs several times cheaper than in two-story buildings. There is a misconception that the attic is suitable only for seasonal use in the warm season.

However, it is erroneous, since a well-insulated sloping mansard roof perfectly retains heat in winter, its temperature regime is no less comfortable than in heated rooms on the first floor.

Even without additional thermal insulation, the attic is a kind of "air cushion" that maintains the optimum temperature inside the house.

A sloping mansard roof is considered a technically complex structure, and it is advised to entrust its construction to a professional team. Nevertheless, a person who is familiar with roofing works using the example of a traditional gable roof is quite capable of overpowering its construction with his own hands, with the help of two auxiliary workers, assistants. The main thing to understand is that this is a process that requires a serious approach, which is reckless to start without preliminary calculations.

Varieties of mansard roofs

Attic - a heated or cold space under the roof, which is used as a living space. According to building codes, in the attic it is necessary to equip windows for natural light and ceilings of sufficient height for a person.

Rooms under the roof, in which these conditions are not met, are called the attic. The following types of roofs are suitable for the attic device:

broken roof

Installation of a mansard roof suitable for habitation provides for mandatory thermal insulation, organization of natural light with the help of dormers or vertical windows and forced ventilation.

Benefits of a broken structure

Of course, the attic can even be equipped by building an ordinary triangular roof with your own hands. But due to the steepness of the slopes, in order for the ceiling to learn, the height of such a roof must be very large. This is not economical, and also impractical, because a roof with a variable angle of slopes allows you to more effectively manage the available space.

The flatter top makes the ceilings appear higher. According to building codes, if the distance from the floor to the ridge connection is less than 2.5-2.7 meters, the room is not considered residential, it cannot be called an attic, it is rather just an attic. The sloping roof design has the following advantages:

• Possibility to build higher ceilings.
• High level of protection against atmospheric precipitation, wind.
• Light snow removal from slopes.
• Helps to keep warm.
• Rational use of roof space.

Construction stages

Create a project

When drafting a broken mansard roof for do-it-yourself construction, it is better to draw up drawings with different projections, which will comprehensively show the location of its elements. Based on the length and width of the house, you need to determine the size of the attic room, as well as the roof. First of all, the geometry of the slopes is built:

In order for the project calculations to be correct, it is important to accurately make primary measurements, as well as maintain scale. Computer programs can facilitate the design, into which it is enough to enter the dimensions of the building and the desired type of roof, they perform the rest of the work automatically. If there is no access to such software, it is better to use ready-made projects.

Calculation of the truss system

Rafters are the main supporting elements of a broken mansard roof, a kind of its backbone. They are subjected to enormous loads, so they are subject to special requirements.

The choice of the section of the rafter legs is not random, but in accordance with the installation step, the distance between the supports, the values ​​​​of wind and snow loads. If the first three indicators can be easily determined from the drawn up drawing, then the last two need special explanation.

• The territory of Russia is divided into 8 zones with different snow loads. For each specific roof, this value is adjusted by the angle of inclination of its slopes. Since the slope of the slopes is different, two indicators are calculated, respectively, the upper and lower rafters can have a different section.
• There is also zoning for wind load, which also includes 8 zones. With the help of a coefficient that takes into account the height of the building, amendments are made to the tabular value of this indicator.
• The values ​​of these two indicators are summed to determine the total load. Numbers should be rounded up to provide a small margin of safety. Based on them, according to the reference tables, the required section of the boards is determined.

Mauerlat installation

The beginning of work on the equipment of a broken mansard roof - the installation of a mauerlat, a durable beam measuring 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm. It is fixed at the end of the side outer walls.

Its main task is to distribute the weight of the roof structure, transfer it to the foundation, as well as protect the slopes from tipping over. Mauerlat is laid on the upper part of the wall along a pre-laid waterproofing, which is used as a roofing material folded in half or several layers of a special film.

Fastening is carried out using metal studs, they must be placed in a concrete screed. If we are talking about the reconstruction of the roof with our own hands, it is mounted with anchor bolts to the wall to a depth of 15-17 cm.

For timber, as well as log houses, wooden dowels are used. Please note that the installation is flush.

Assembling the truss system

Assembly truss system of a broken mansard roof happens in the following order:

The fulfillment of the above points forms one truss truss. In the same way, the rest are installed in increments of 60-120 cm.

Waterproofing and roofing

When the do-it-yourself installation work is completed, you need to organize its waterproofing. This requires a waterproofing film or membrane, which is usually produced in the form of a roll.

Fasteners are selected depending on the type of material. For tiles, galvanized self-tapping screws with rubber heads are used, which are deformed in the process of twisting in such a way that they waterproof the hole.

In order to speed up the process, you can use a screwdriver. Shinglas or ondulin is fixed with nails 100 mm long. After the completion of the roofing work, gables and overhangs of the mansard sloping roof are drawn up.

Summing up, we can say that a broken mansard roof will help to expand the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house with your own hands. You can build it with your own hands, however, this will require special skills and costs, which, no doubt, will pay for themselves.

Video instruction

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The attic is a great opportunity to increase the total and useful area of ​​​​the house. It settles down in the attic and is quite habitable, provided that it is designed correctly. The mansard roof truss system, the drawings of which can be found in this material, is the basis of the entire structure. And it is she who needs to be given the closest attention when designing.

Mansard roof truss system - drawings

An attic is a room that is located directly under the roof. Its facade is partially or completely formed by roof surfaces (according to SNiP 2.08.01-89).

SNiP 2.08.01-89. Residential buildings. Download file (click on the link to open the PDF file in a new window).

It is a full-fledged residential floor; there may be one or more rooms, depending on the design parameters.

On a note! The word "attic" comes from France. It was the French architect who in 1630 came up with the idea of ​​usefully equipping attic spaces. And this man's name was Francois Mansart - hence the name of this type of superstructure appeared.

The peculiarities of mansard roofs are not only the special design of the truss system, but also the need for detailed consideration of other aspects - insulation, moisture and vapor barrier, etc. Since, due to the attic, the load on the foundation and walls of the building itself usually increases, then mainly all of it elements are built from lightweight materials. That is, to create a truss system, it is recommended to use wood; light material options are used as a heater.

The attic can be of impressive size and occupy the entire area of ​​the building, but within its walls. Sometimes it settles down only on part of the ceiling, and then the back covers the usual roof.

Very often, the attic is used in individual construction, because this is an opportunity to increase the living space of the house, make it warmer (heat loss through the roof is reduced by an average of 7-9%). And the cost of arranging the attic will be much less than the construction of a full-fledged floor.

In general, building an attic is not very difficult and you can cope with the task yourself. The main thing is to correctly calculate the wind, snow and other types of load.

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Types of attics

The design of the attic will directly depend on what form it is supposed to equip the roof. After all, part of the walls of this room will be formed just by the slopes of the roof. Depending on this, there are several types of mansard roofs.

Perhaps the easiest option for arranging the roof itself and the attic floor directly. This roof has only one slope, which rests on the multi-level walls of the building. Thus, the slope angle is formed. By the way, it should not go beyond strictly limited limits - 35-45 degrees (if the slope is less, then snow will constantly accumulate on the roof in winter, which will significantly increase the load on the whole house and will cause the installation of additional supports in the already small attic). The truss system here is extremely simple.

On a note! The construction of the rafters will not need additional supports if the distance between two walls located opposite each other does not exceed 4.5 m.

Such mansard roofs look original, despite the simplicity of their design. Usually, a fairly large window is made from the side of the high wall of the attic, which allows you to get a well-lit room.

Mansard roof with two slopes

This option is also relatively simple in execution and due to this it is widely distributed as much as possible. The main thing is that the height of the roof itself allows you to equip a living space under it. The truss system of this roof looks like that of a conventional gable roof, it can be asymmetrical or symmetrical, depending on the location of the ridge.

Gables, as a rule, are simple and straight, and the room inside will have the shape of a trapezoid or a square (the latter option is possible only if the attic space is spacious enough). The height of the ceilings near the walls should not be more than 1.5 m, the sloping cone-shaped ceiling goes higher.

The main disadvantage of a gable roof in terms of attic arrangement is the loss of most of the free space. That is, the lion's share of the room is cut off by the roof slopes. Of course, this free space is usually used as a warehouse, but this aspect affects the size of the attic very significantly.

Broken mansard roofs

In fact, this is also a kind of gable roof, but its slopes have, as it were, two parts located at different angles relative to the ceilings. Due to this, you can get a fairly spacious attic floor, which in area will be equal to almost a full-fledged second floor (it will be less than the lower floor by only 15%). The height from ceiling to floor will be the same throughout the attic and will be about 2.2-2.3 m.

Broken mansard roof - drawing

However, this design implies the construction of a rather complex truss system. And not every novice master can cope with this task. However, despite this, the variant of a broken roof is quite common.

Roofs are four-pitched (hip) mansard

Such a roof involves the creation of the most complex type of rafter system, which requires the most accurate and painstaking calculations. The surface of the roof itself will have a fairly large area, because of which you will have to spend a lot of money on other materials - insulation, hydro and vapor barrier films, etc. But in general, the attic turns out to be quite spacious, although parts of the usable area are cut off from it .

But such a roof has maximum resistance to snow and wind loads. Overhangs can be large enough and will be ready to protect the walls of the building from the effects of precipitation. Such mansard roofs look very attractive.

Attention! When arranging a hipped roof, it is important to take care of the need to strengthen the layered rafters - it is they who experience the maximum load.

Roof truss system

When arranging a mansard roof, the truss system can be made of elements of a layered or hanging type. In the first version, the rafters are installed so that they form a triangle with even edges. In this case, the support is carried out on the Mauerlat, fixed along the perimeter of the walls, on additional supports installed under the rafters, and the junction of two boards in the ridge area also serves as a reference point.

When installing rafters of a hanging type, supports in the form of additional beams are not provided. They rely only on the walls of the house. Drawstrings may be used. The rafters themselves in this case work on bending and compression.

Hanging and layered rafters - an example of a drawing

Creating a rafter system during the construction of the attic is a paramount task. It is first important to correctly calculate it and take into account all the subtleties of its construction. To understand what will be discussed, you need to familiarize yourself with its main elements.

Table. The main details of the rafter system.

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Required Calculations

In order to avoid mistakes when designing an attic, it is important to carry out a number of preliminary calculations. Depending on the chosen type of truss system and the type of roof, they may differ. The easiest way is to use some special program, but you can try to do all the calculations manually.

It is important to determine the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe final roof, the size of the attic, the width of the floors. The calculation is based on the following data:

• length and width of the house;
• precipitation volumes in winter and summer (this will help determine the required angle of the roof slope);
• the width of the joints between the parts of the floors.

An example of calculating the pitch of the rafters in the program "Rafters 1.1"

Consider a calculation example: the length of the house is 12 m, the width is 3 m. The amount of precipitation in the area indicates that the required angle of inclination of the roof should be about 40 degrees. The calculation is made according to the formula Hk \u003d L x tgA, where Hk is the desired height, L is ½ the width of the structure, tgA is the tangent of the angle. Total: Nl \u003d 3/2 x tg40 \u003d 1.26. This means that the recommended roof height should be 1.26 m.

On a note! Most often, when constructing mansard roofs, owners opt for broken truss systems. The methodology for calculating the parameters in this case can be found in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TCP 45-5.05-146-2009.