Writing mobile applications android. Programs for creating android applications

Mobile software development can be an interesting and rewarding activity. In this article, we will tell how to create an android application.

android studio

To write an application, you will need to download and install Android Studio. The package includes a software development kit with all the Android libraries and codes needed to develop the application. As well as an Android emulator that allows you to first test the application on your PC without installing it on a real mobile device.

But first you need to download and install the Java Development Kit ( JDK) from Oracle. Find the section " Java SE Development Kit 7u79 and download the version for your PC. It is important to download the correct version ( 32-bit or 64-bit), otherwise Android Studio will not be able to find the Java Runtime Environment ( JRE).

Note: Oracle will not be posting any updates to Java SE 7 on its public sites and it is expected that users will move to Java 8 en masse. But at the moment Android Studio requires Java 7 . This may change in the future.

After you have installed the JDK , you need to install Android Studio . During installation, you must specify how much memory to reserve for the Android emulator. It runs Android as a virtual machine, like a smartphone with an Intel processor. It's faster than ARM processor emulation on PC. But to run this virtual machine, the emulator must allocate some memory. But before you create an Android application yourself, keep in mind that the combination of Android Studio, Java and an emulator will be quite resource intensive, and the computer may slow down.

Google says you need at least 2 GB of RAM and 4 GB is recommended. But my main PC has 8 GB and it still slows down sometimes:

The first time you launch Android Studio, it will perform an initial initialization that includes downloading and installing the latest version of the Android SDK. This may take several minutes.

When everything is downloaded and installed, you will see a menu that will allow you to create a new one, open an existing one, or import a project, etc.

Create a new project

Click " Start a new Android Studio project" and enter the name of your application in the field " application name". In field " Company Domain» enter the official domain of your company. If you are an independent developer or hobbyist, enter your own domain. If you're just experimenting with Android and don't intend to publish your apps on Google Play anytime soon, just leave the domain example, just change " user» to your name (no spaces):


In the next dialog, make sure you have the option " Phone and Tablet", and for " Minimum SDK» installed - API 15: Android 4.0.3. For options " wear" and " TV» checkboxes should not be checked.

In the dialog box " Add an activity to Mobile» leave the default value « Blank Activity" and press " Next". In the dialog box " Customize the Activity» leave all values ​​and click « Finish»:


Integrated Development Environment ( IDE) is running. This may take several minutes especially if you have created a project for the first time). If you see the error message " Rendering Problems: Rendering failed with known bugs", click the link" rebuild”, which is displayed next to the error message.

By default, the IDE's workspace is divided into three main parts ( not including toolbars, etc.). On the top left is the project tree. To the right of it is the code editor, and below them are the messages.

Before you create an Android app from scratch, you can already compile and run the auto-generated app, but that's not very interesting. Instead, we'll add a few little things to get you familiar with Android app development.

Project Tree

The project tree contains all the files and resources needed to create an Android application. If you're familiar with writing simple programs in Java, C, Python, etc., you might think that everything would be contained in just one or two files. But Android app development is a bit more complicated:


In node " app The » project tree contains several nodes (for example, folders ) that you can expand. The top level nodes are “ manifests”, “java" and " res". The latter is short for " resources”.

AT " manifests” file is located “ AndroidManifest.xml”, every app should contain it. This is an XML file with information about the application, including its name. An element often added to this file is a list of permissions required by the application. For this simple application, you don't need to change anything here.

In chapter " java» contains the Java code of the application. It will be in a subdirectory named com.example.user.myfirstapp . This is the company domain name you entered earlier, only in reverse, plus the application name. This folder contains the MainActivity.java file. This is the entry point to the application and the only Java file we need.

We continue to create a simple application for Android. In chapter " res» There are several folders for graphics, menus, and user interface elements. We are interested in " layout" and " values". In folder " layout' there is a file called ' activity_main.xml". This is an XML file that describes the user interface. You can edit it in two ways. The first is direct editing of the XML code, the second is the use of the built-in user interface designer:


In folder " values' contains several XML files. At the moment the most important thing for us is strings.xml . Instead of specifying string values ​​in Java code, it is customary to put them in the file " strings.xml' and we can refer to them via identifiers. The advantage is that if a row is used multiple times, it can only be changed once and the changes will take effect in all places. It also makes it easier to support multiple languages ​​in an application.

To create an Android application yourself, you will need to modify the MainActivity.java , activity_main.xml and strings.xml files.

Application writing

For our example, we'll add a button labeled " Tap Me!", change the default greeting " hello world!" on the " Tap me if you dare!". And also change it so that it is in the center. And add the code so that when the button is clicked, the text " toast»!

Let's start by changing the greeting text and its alignment. First, find in the project tree the file " activity_main.xml” and double click on it. Remember, that " activity_main.xml' is a file that contains the user interface definition. There are two tabs at the bottom of the code window: design" and " Text". Go to the " design».

Now click on the text " hello world!”, which is shown in the smartphone screen preview window. If it is too small, use the zoom button ( magnifier with plus sign).

In the properties window, located to the right of the phone image, scroll down the screen until you find the inscription " layout: centerInParent". Click on the space next to it and select " horizontal". After that, the text hello world!» will move to the center:


Before creating an Android application without skills, let's change the text. Line " hello world!' is stored in the file ' strings.xml' under res->values ​​. If you double click on this file, you will see several lines of XML that define the lines used by the application.

Find this line:

XMLSELECT ALL XMLSELECT ALL hello world!

And change it to:

CSSELECT ALL CSSELECT ALL Tap me if you dare!

We have changed the alignment of the greeting and its text. Now let's add a button. Return to the " design» file « activity_main.xml”, find in the list “ Palette» to the left of the smartphone image, the item « button” and click on it. Now click somewhere under the inscription " Tap me if you dare!».

Double click the button to change its text. At the end of the field text:” there is a button with three dots, click on it. In the window " resources» click « new resource", and then " New String Value…". In field " resource name:» enter « tap me", and in the field " resource value:» — “ Tap me!". Then click " OK". Now we have a button Tap me!”.

The last step in creating a simple Android app is to add the Java code that responds to the click of a button. One of the Android user interface elements is “ toast.". It provides a simple message in a small popup. You have undoubtedly seen it. For example, in Gmail, when you exit an email before the email is sent, the message " Message saved to draft". After a certain time, it disappears.

For our sample application, we will display a message each time the button is clicked. The first step is to add Java code. Find the file " MainActivity.java" and add the following code to " onCreate«:

JAVASELECT ALL JAVASELECT ALL public void onButtonTap(View v) ( Toast myToast = Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Ouch!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG); myToast.show(); )

Word " view" in the phrase "( view v)" will be red, with a message next to it indicating that you have used a new construct ( view) without importing it in the import section at the top of the Java code. This is easy to fix. Click on the word " view' and then ALT + ENTER . If the word " Toast” is marked in red, do the same again:


Return to the file constructor section " activity_main.xml”, press the button and scroll the list of properties to the item “ onClick". Click on the box on the right and a list of functions will appear on the screen. Click on " onButtonTap”, which is the feature we just added.

Now the onButtonTap() function will be called whenever the button is pressed. To display a message, we call myToast.show() .

That's all about creating an Android application yourself, now let's test it in the emulator.

Building and Testing the Application

On the menu " Tools» go to Android AVD Manager. This tool displays a list of currently configured virtual Android devices. You will have one device set up by default, probably a Nexus 5. Click on the play icon (triangle ) in the " actions". This will launch the emulator.

The operating system, which is called Android, is relatively new. In this regard, we can say that its capabilities are not fully understood, and not all users “respect” it. But still, it should be noted that the speed of this operating system makes it possible to save time and resources. On a mobile device that runs under the control of such a shell, it will be possible to do almost everything that can be done on a familiar computer.

How to create an application for Android. Main steps

Programming that is available in is able to give a fairly large amount of useful knowledge. Mastering the base of the system is pretty easy. Let's go over the basic programming steps and learn how to create the necessary application for Android.

The first step is to install and configure the IDE for the operating system. This is the main thing to do for users who want to learn the basics of programming through the use of the Android platform. You need to take a few simple steps before creating an application for Android.

A few simple steps

  1. Find the platform that fully meets your requirements and download it. After the program is downloaded, we install it. It should be noted that will not work if
  2. You need to download the Eclipse Classic application by selecting a specific platform. For example, Windows 64-bit. For better work of the program, the Android Development Tools plugin is installed in it. To do this, you need to run the utility, open the Help menu and click on Install New Software. After that, a window will open in which you need to click on the Add button. Then another window will appear, in which you will need to write some name in the line with the name. In the Location section, you will need to specify a link to the resource where the required plugin is located. When the window is closed, Developer Tools will appear on the screen. On the contrary, check the box and click on the "Next" button. When the next window opens, feel free to click "Next" without making any changes. After installing the plugin, click on the Finish button. In order for activation to occur, restart the program.
  3. Download the Android SDK and update to the latest version if necessary.

The next step towards creating

The second step in finding the answer to the question of how to create an application for Android is to create an application that will help with programming. At this stage, several conditions must be met.

How can you test your application?

Have you figured out how to create an Android application and achieved this goal? Now let's check it. In order to test the created application, you should use a virtual smartphone called Android Virtual Device. It will help to display the work of your application in a visual form on various models of a mobile device.

Using software tools to create an application

What other applications can you use to create an Android application from scratch? Today, there are a huge number of different utilities that will help you achieve your goal. Many of them have a simple, intuitive interface. You should take a closer look at the main programs that are most popular with users who develop applications for their operating system.

You just need to be imaginative

You are attracted to the creation of an application for Android, but do you think that this requires a good knowledge of programming languages? Everything is not as scary as it might seem at first glance.

The main thing you need is the ability to assemble virtual constructors. Through the use of specialized services, which will be described below, you will be able to independently go through such a process as creating an application for Android. In this case, knowledge of programming languages ​​is not required. You only need to assemble it, guided by your imagination, needs and talent.

A free program that allows you to design an application

The Ibuildapp program is rightfully considered an excellent tool that will help you create interesting applications for Android. In order to start working in this program, you do not need to study programming languages ​​or read special literature in search of any knowledge. The service has a Russian version, which greatly simplifies the work with such software. In addition, it is completely free to use. To do this, you only need to select the appropriate operating mode. Due to this utility, it is possible to create a variety of interesting applications for Android and publish them on the appropriate resource called Google Play. It is worth noting that there is also a paid mode, but for a start it is better to understand the free version, and only then switch to a paid one.

We implement our plan with the help of a well-known utility

Another popular application is a utility called Appsgeyser. This is a free tool that will help you create an Android application yourself. The functional part of this software consists of only one task - to "sew" any resource into the application. This is a kind of network portal content converter into a program, and if the user has his own network resources that need to be transferred to applications for Android phones, then this tool is the best choice.

Through the created applications, there is an opportunity to earn money. To do this, use two methods: sell your development or embed advertising in it. Are you into cinema and do you have an Android mobile device? An application for a movie using such a program can be made without much difficulty. In addition, you can create a utility not only from any resource, but also from a video blog.

Intuitive interface - work with pleasure

A tool called Thappbuilder can help you quickly create an application for the Android operating system without spending a lot of time and effort. As in the above programs, all the functionality will be available for free, which is good news for many users. The interface of the utility does not carry anything complicated, it is intuitive, therefore, working with the service will be convenient and enjoyable for users of mobile systems running Android.

An application for movies, images, music, etc. can be easily created using the templates provided by the program. They can be modified to your liking. It should be noted that the utility can please users with the ability to work in design mode.

The Russian version will simplify the work

The Appsmakerstore program also has a fairly simple and intuitive interface. It allows you to create your own application with a few clicks. One of the main advantages of the application is that the program can be adapted for six versions of platforms. Agree, impressive? You can easily and simply create the desired application for Android. The Russian language, into which the names of all tools and tabs are translated, will only help you in designing. The Russian-language version can be provided to users completely free of charge. In the utility, you can use all the tools that are built-in here. One difference from the paid version is the lack of full-time technical support.

That's all the main programs that will help in creating an application for the Android operating system. We wish you good luck in using them!

Greetings to all readers of the site! On the Internet, there is one wonderful free one, it is about it that will be discussed in today's article.
Many users sometimes think about creating a computer program on their own, and there are various reasons for this, for example:

Despite the variety of these reasons, they all share one difficulty - to develop a program, you need to know programming languages. It takes a couple of months to learn the syntax of any programming language, but it takes years to understand the logic of the language and learn how to apply it in practice. But, as you know, hopeless situations do not happen! In our case, it will help us program for creating computer programs, which you can download absolutely free!

Looking ahead, I’ll say that after reading this article to the end, in a couple of hours you will be able to create your own simple programs. So let's get started.
Our program for creating computer programs called HiAsm.

HiAsm is a powerful visual application development system with which you can develop your program without the use of programming. With HiAsm you can create various audio and video players, browsers, online chats and more. You can create all these applications without a single line of program code, the visual environment will do everything for you!

Before starting work with software for creating programs for a computer, I suggest downloading and installing it.

After downloading, you need to go through the standard installation procedure for this application.
1 . We select the desired language, in my case it is Russian.

2. We continue the installation.

3. We accept the terms of the license agreement.

4. Choose a place on your hard drive to install the program to create programs for your computer.

5. Specify the name and email address (since confirmation of the mailbox is not required, you can specify any mail)

6. We complete the process of installing the program.

After you have installed HiAsm, you can proceed to launch. Running ours, we will see the following window:

In order to start creating your application, you need to click on the main menu item “File”, then “ New…", choose " Windows» (if we want to create an application for Windows OS) and press " OK”.
Thus, we will get a form for our future program, which for now contains a single element called mainform.

The form is the foundation of the program on which the various elements will be based. To add elements to our program, click on the item of the same name in the upper left.

A tab opened with a huge collection of various items. With such a large arsenal, you can create a very serious application that will meet all your requirements.
To show how HiAsm works, I will create a simple program that will have one button, clicking on which will change the form title from " Form" on the " Hi».

How to set an element on a form?

So, we find the button in the elements panel (when you hover over the element, a tooltip with its name will pop up), click on it with the left mouse button, then hover over the part of the form in which we want to place it.

How to change element settings?

In order to configure our button, go to the upper right part of the program and click " Properties". Now we see a tab with all the properties of our button. Now we are interested in the property " Caption”, which is responsible for the inscription on the button. It defaults to " Push”, we will change it to “ Click».

How to set an action for an element?

Now we have the most difficult part in creating an application using programs for creating programs for the computer- we need to make the button of our program start working. After you understand the meaning of this operation, it will become simple and logical for you.
In order for our button to change the name of the program form, we need to link the button to the main form (MainForm element). To do this, move the mouse cursor over the green dot located on our button, then hold down the left mouse button and begin to draw a line to the center mainform.

Now you need to double-click on the laid segment and set the name of the form, which will appear after clicking on the button. After double-clicking on the segment, the " Data editor».

If you want to set the text name of the form, then select String, and if numeric, then Integer or Real. Select data type String" and enter the word " Hi».
On this, our program is ready and now we need to test it. To do this, we save our project - " File", then " Save as» and choose a location to save. To start, we need to click on the green arrow or press the key F9.

Our program has started, now we check its performance - we click on our button.

As we can replace, the title of the form has changed and this means that the program is working! So that you can run the program without HiAsm, you need to create an exe file. To do this, click on the main menu item " launch» and press « Compile».
Congratulations, you just made a Windows program yourself! To facilitate the process of creating programs, I recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following concepts from programming:

  • data types;
  • concept of events in object-oriented programming;
  • properties of Delphi programming environment components.

Knowing these concepts will greatly facilitate the process of creating programs in HiAsp. In this article, we reviewed an excellent free program for creating computer programs, also created their first application and tested it for performance. In order for you to quickly understand the HiAsp program, I picked up some fairly good video tutorials on this wonderful programming environment. I wish you a pleasant viewing!

Undocumented features of HiAsm

HiAsm Settings

Graphics in HiAsm

Do you know what free

In fact, to realize this idea is not as difficult and not as expensive as it might seem at first glance. You just need to have a good enough idea of ​​what exactly you expect from a mobile application and determine how to achieve your goals.

Hypothesis testing: is it worth using online services to create mobile applications?

It's no secret that creating your own mobile application requires serious investments, time and effort. But is it worth it? In our work, we use a set of methods to test the hypotheses of our clients in order to make sure that the developed application will meet the expectations of the business and users.

In some cases, before starting Android or iOS development, you can conduct program analytics on your own, without serious financial investments.

One of the ways to check the value of the planned tasks of a future project is a short TTM (time to market), the goal of which is to release a minimum working version of a mobile application in a short time and get accelerated feedback from users.

There are many ways to achieve a short TTM and collect feedback quickly. One of the least expensive and allowing you to quickly check the need to create an Android program for an existing business is online mobile application constructors.

For what tasks is this solution suitable:

  • Creating a mobile version of your site
  • Increasing the sales channels of an existing on-line store
  • Increasing communication channels between employees and customers
  • Increasing news channels for your blog, website, newsletter

When to use such services?

  • You are very limited in funds
  • Your idea does not have technologically complex solutions and is “typical” for the market
  • Success or failure after the launch of the application will not have a significant impact on the business
  • You are looking for a new channel to attract customers and consider the project as a prospect

Benefits of using:

  • Fast development speed
  • Minimum initial investment
  • Opportunity to get faster feedback from customers

Flaws:

  • Limited functionality of calculators
  • Limited design, animation
  • Poor quality of work at high loads
  • Code bugs, long bug fixing process
  • In most services, the final product is published and belongs to the services through which it was created.
  • It is not possible to test a specific function
  • No UX testing
  • Uncontrolled advertising

If you need high-quality and multifunctional project analytics, application development for Android or iOS, contact the professionals at InfoShell. Our experts will develop for you a unique mobile application that will not leave your customers indifferent.

If you still decide to make the application yourself, we have selected several free/shareware services for you.

TOP-10 PROGRAMS FOR CREATING APPS FOR ANDROID AND IOS

    The appsgeyser service allows you to convert your website, blog, video or social media page into a mobile application for android with subsequent publication on Google Play.

    - completely free and does not limit you in the number of applications created by the user.

    Advantages of the platform: convenient viewing of applications, programs, fast conversion of any content (video from YouTube, html document, website) into a mobile application.

    First of all, the service is suitable for bloggers and news sites. With the help of the created application, you will be able to estimate how much views will increase after the first publication, and by the number of installations - how urgent is the need for a mobile version of the site for your customers.

  1. www.theappbuilder.com

    TheAppBuilder offers tools for utility applications and programs. With the help of this service, you can create and configure the application necessary for the internal work of your team. Send a notification to everyone about a change in the restaurant's work schedule, remind an employee about a change in his work schedule, display the latest company news.

    If you are planning an internal product, try to make a test version of the application using this service, thereby making sure whether employees will use such an application and in which case.

    Price: individually on request.

    2. is a service that offers ready-made solutions for business - applications for restaurants, hotels, nightclubs, public organizations. The constructor is designed to create mobile applications for Android (Android), Apple iOS, Mobile Web, Webpage. The application can be made multilingual.

    The service allows you to make an unlimited number of changes to an already published application, secure hosting.

    The cost of developing one mobile application: $49.

    is a Russian-language application builder site that allows you to create functional applications based on ready-made templates for all popular electronic devices (iPhone, Android, iPad, Android Tablet) without programming knowledge. The service also offers an easy way to place an application in the Google Play and Apple Stores.

    Prices: Development of a mobile application for Android and iOS - FREE. Business package– 2,400 rubles/month (1 app, 3,000 installs, publication in stores, no ads). Package "Unlimited"– 3,700 rubles/month (1 app, unlimited installs, publishing in stores, no ads). Package "Corporate"– 27,100 rubles/month (10 applications, unlimited installations, additional content protection, technical and advisory support).

  2. www.mobileroadie.com

    is a service for creating event and news applications. Using this service, you can combine information about your company in one place or download event data by bringing contacts, photos, videos, articles and news into one application.

    The price for use differs from the service package: Core package– $149 per month or $1,499 per year, will allow you to create a simple application without complex technical solutions and external services. Pro package– $799 per month or $7,999 per year, will allow you to connect external services and customize the content of the application from the admin panel.

    3. – service for private entrepreneurs and small businesses. The creators claim that it will take you 20 minutes to create an application. The created applications will allow you to establish a new channel of communication with customers and collect feedback, make a mobile version of your site or a ready-made mobile application.

    An important advantage of the service is the complete absence of advertising and the ability to develop applications for electronic devices on iOS, Android (Android) and Windows Phone.

    Prices: Free and paid packages are available on the site: App Basics– $1 per month AppPro– $9 per month Unlimited Reseller– $39 per month.

    Appery is a platform for developing business applications for iOS, Android (Android) and Windows Phone. The designer is deployed in the cloud, which eliminates the need to install programs on your hard drive and is designed to create functional business applications.

    Advantages: convenient visual editor, the ability to add your own plugins, a wide range of tools for Android and iOS developers, connecting third-party databases and services.

    Package prices: Basic version: 30 $ Standard Version:$30 (payment for 12 months), $45 (monthly payment). Pro version:$57 (payment for 12 months); $85 (monthly payment).

    is a platform for self-construction of mobile applications for iPad, iPhone, Android, HTML5. In addition to many of its advantages, the service allows you to create e-commerce applications with monetization.

    Prices: Basic– $22.90 per month or $19.90 per month (when billed annually) Advanced– $58.90 per month or $49 per month (when billed annually) Unlimited– $139.90 per month or $119.90 per month (when billed annually).

    – the platform allows the user to easily create a functional application for Android and iOS (iPhone, iPad) for small and medium businesses. At BiznessApps, you create a mobile application using hundreds of ready-made templates.

    Package prices: Mobile site– $29 per month mobile application– $59 per month.

  3. www.viziapps.com

    – the service allows you to create mobile applications for business using a functional visual editor. Through the platform, it is easy to implement new interfaces for SalesForce, QuickBooks, QuickBase, Google Spreadsheets and SQL Databases. Applications created in Viziaapps work on all popular types of mobile operating systems.

    Package prices: developer– $33 per month Pro– $79 per month Premium– $129 per month.

    * Annual payment required.

    Just like with websites, when creating your product using on-line constructors, many restrictions are imposed on you. Examples of restrictions:

    • The application is difficult to integrate with external services that are not provided by the designer.
    • When using free on-line constructors, you are subject to serious restrictions, such as advertising within your product, collecting data about the product and customers, and functional restrictions.
    • The created product is difficult to scale. If the number of users grows, your solution will hang or may become inaccessible to users. Also, you will not be able to transfer the application to alternative platforms for use (for example, yandex.store, which is popular in the CIS or Amazon in the USA).

    Applications created with the help of on-line constructors serve to test the hypotheses of your project. However, if you receive a negative review and your project is not evaluated, before you put it in the back box, determine what exactly became the key to failure. Otherwise, you risk losing a profitable project due to poor implementation.

Elena Shramenko

CEO
of Akintsev & Partners

“I want to say a few words about the mobile app builder from AppGlobal.

We recently developed our application based on the AppGlobal constructor. And every day we reveal more and more possibilities of this tool, with which you can implement a variety of tasks.

First, I realized that this tool is of great benefit to both parties: for us, as the owners of the application, and for our customers who use this application.

By solving our marketing tasks, we give our customers additional benefits:

They have at hand all the information on the topic of interest to them, they get the opportunity to study materials that are not freely available. They can take advantage of discounts and gifts that are active only through the app. They also have the opportunity to pay for your service or delivery from the application and make a free call.

Thanks to this, we get regular customers and attract new ones.

Ilya Basnin

AppGlobal Partner

“The big disadvantage of all other services is the lack of technical support.

I have analyzed many constructors.

Most often, simple inexpensive platforms are used, the owners of which simply copy AppGlobal materials, but the constructor itself remains "raw", unfinished.

Their big disadvantage is the lack of support. And, despite the low prices, they still can not compete.

Artur Budovsky

“Sales grew by 14% in the first month of using the mobile app!

I write sales texts and teach people this art. The level of trust of my readers in me has increased only because there is a mobile application. Like, if my School is in Apstor and Google Play, then I have a solid business, and not some kind of "divorce". People buy trainings without even downloading the application to their phone.

The AppGlobal constructor itself is a mega-tool! You can create a full-fledged application yourself, without special programming knowledge, in just a couple of hours! The only thing I would like to be able to make different interfaces, because all applications are similar to each other because of the buttons.

Now I place audio and video materials, information tabs in my mobile application. There is a subscription to news, integration with social networks. I use push notifications for my readers. There is feedback, such as receiving messages, photos from customers.

Despite the fact that the launch of my product was delayed due to moderation, I am very pleased with the cooperation with the AppGlobal service. Problems are solved quite quickly, consultants help to deal with all issues.

My site is now living a mobile life as well. I really hope that my clients and readers will appreciate my mobile application and come back to me more than once!

Thanks to AppGlobal for simple solutions to complex but important issues!”

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