The profession of an economist. First person story. What are the job responsibilities of an economist?

Economist is a specialist in the field of economics, an expert on economic issues. Economists are called both scientists (that is, specialists in the field of economic science) and practitioners who work in the field of research, planning and management of the economic activities of an enterprise. The profession is suitable for those who are interested in mathematics and economics (see choosing a profession for interest in school subjects).

An economist is one of the most important specialists in an enterprise. The job of an economist is to properly prioritize and set goals in order to maximize profits with minimal losses.

Features of the profession

The duties of an economist include: conducting an economic analysis of the organization's work to improve the efficiency of its activities.

Economist:

plans and improves the activities of the enterprise;
participates in determining the system of remuneration and incentives for all categories of employees, calculates the organization's need for personnel;
plans costs, use of resources, expenses and profits of the enterprise;
exercises control over the process of performing financial and economic activities.

Pros and cons of the profession

Pros of the profession: The profession of "economist" is in high demand in the labor market. The versatility of the profession allows you to find work in any field of the economy. With special economic knowledge, you can safely open your own business without the risk of becoming unprofitable.
Disadvantages of the profession: High responsibility: the success of the enterprise depends on the work of an economist. Quite a lot of competition in the labor market due to an overabundance of specialists. Hard work with numbers.

Place of work

The profession of "economist" is in demand in almost all areas:

State institutions dealing with economic problems (Ministry of Finance, Central Bank);
industrial and agricultural enterprises;
educational institutions (teaching activities);
Hotel and restaurant business;
organizations and enterprises of small, medium and large businesses;
financial organizations (banks, tax inspectorates, pension funds, insurance agencies);
research institutes, Academy of Sciences.

Important qualities

High intellectual performance, developed logical memory, high concentration, ability to work with large amounts of information, ability to correctly state and prove one's point of view (orally and in writing), responsibility, organization, self-confidence. Active life position, propensity for research activities.

Economist training

On this course, you can get the profession of an economist in 6 months and 10,000 rubles:
— One of the most affordable prices in Russia;
– Diploma of professional retraining of the established sample;
– Education in a completely remote format;
— Certificate of conformity to the professional standard worth 10,000 rubles. For a present!
— The largest educational institution of additional prof. education in Russia.

The Interregional Academy of the Industrial and Construction Complex (MASPK) invites you to get a profession within the framework of additional education. In addition to retraining programs, the Academy offers advanced training courses in the main areas and specializations within this professional industry. Distance learning is possible.

Salary

Salary as of 03/26/2019

Russia 25000—60000 ₽

Moscow 30000—58000 ₽

Career steps and prospects

For a novice economist, in order to gain extensive experience, it is better to start working in a small enterprise. Here he will quickly get acquainted with the real state of affairs in the Russian economy and organization in particular. From the first days, he will have to solve a whole range of problems, and not work in one direction. The career growth of an economist consists in reaching the position of chief economist, and subsequently, financial director, subject to a high level of development of managerial competencies.

Famous Economists

Historians consider Aristotle to be the first economist, who built theories about the exchange of goods, their cost and utility.

Bukharin Nikolai Ivanovich, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich, Gromyko Andrei Andreevich, Keynes John Maynard, Marx Karl Heinrich, Ricardo David, Smith Adam, Struve Peter Berngardovich.

Economics is traditionally one of the most popular areas of study in Russian universities. Today I.Q. Review tell what kind of profession an "economist" is, how it differs from working as an accountant, and how much they pay for it. Natalya, an economist with five years of experience, shared her story.

Profession economist

I live in the Kastorensky district of the Kursk region. She worked as an economist for 5 years, started working after graduating from the 3rd year of the institute.

Why does a company need an economist?

Many people think that the profession of an economist is akin to the profession of an accountant. After all, both of them work with figures relating to the work of the organization, its profitability and results.

The difference between an economist and an accountant consists in the fact that the accountant carries out the actual collection and systematization of documentation and its contents, and the economist must analyze and evaluate the results of work for a specific period, identify shortcomings and, based on what happened, make a forecast.

Yes, yes, an economist is a kind of predictor based on facts.

What you need to know to work as an economist

First of all, working as an economist implies close communication with numbers, formulas and all sorts of ratios. Therefore, knowledge of mathematics and its foundations is required. Anyone who is not able to find the percentage of a given number simply has nothing to do in this area. It is desirable, or rather, even necessary, that a person has an analytical mindset. Indeed, on the basis of the derived data, it is necessary to assess the current situation at the enterprise and submit a report to the manager.

An example of an economist's work - prove which of the selected areas of activity is profitable, and which project should be suspended or completely closed.

Now in the vast majority of specialized higher educational institutions, technical schools and colleges there are faculties that train economists. This is due to the fact that the profession is very popular among young people. The university I graduated from has an agricultural focus. From the first to the third year, we studied subjects that all competent and educated agricultural workers should know. I will not list everything, but among them were crop production, animal husbandry, philosophy, mechanization and others.

At first we did not understand why we need, say, mechanization. But in senior years, when in statistics or economics of the enterprise they began to ask us tasks for calculating fuel consumption, seed yield or livestock productivity, in which it was necessary to derive profitability and projected profit, everything fell into place.

The essence of the profession of economist is to know the bottom line of the enterprise, every “cog” that can be “screwed” into the system in order to increase returns.

And, of course, in modern conditions, every specialist should know the computer. And not at the user level. An advanced user of Microsoft Office programs is the minimum of what is needed for work, usually knowledge of 1C products is also required.

How to find a job as a beginner economist

Economist's workplace

Getting a job as an economist, especially from scratch, without work experience, is very difficult, almost impossible. This requires either, or a lucky break. Newcomers can get this job in an alternative way - to start working at the enterprise in a different position, while simultaneously studying at a university with a degree in economics. The management will definitely notice the employee's desire for improvement and, at the first opportunity, will provide the desired position.

Usually managers, accepting newcomers for this position, do not make serious demands. They ask to present a diploma of education and ask a few questions about the knowledge in the area in which the company operates. Will the candidate cope with his duties or not, it remains to be seen during the probationary period. For all employees, this is three months; for management personnel, the period can be extended to six months. At this time, the management of the enterprise may decide to dismiss the employee due to the fact that he does not cope with his duties. Therefore, except for lost time, the director of the enterprise does not risk anything in this situation.

The main thing for any position is goodwill, correct speech and sociability of the applicant. In particular, in the provinces, where everyone knows everything about each other, usually the authorities make inquiries about a person.

How I found a job - personal experience

From personal experience, I can say that I read an advertisement in a local newspaper that a trading company needed an economist. Having plucked up the impudence, since I had only completed the third year at the institute by profession, I came to the director and stated that I did not know anything about my work, but I was eager to work in this particular area and in this position. I must say that I worked as a seller for a long time, so I imagined the “kitchen” of a trading enterprise. This was also mentioned. I don’t know what was the decisive factor, but two days later the director called me back and invited me to come with the documents to be processed at the company’s office.

Functional responsibilities of an economist at the enterprise

One of the main tools is a calculator

A few words about what an economist should do at his workplace every day. First you need to describe the company itself a little. This is a link of a network company, well-known in Russia, which specializes in retail trade in first-demand goods (food, household group, furniture, toys and stationery). The structure of the organization, which was managed by 6 people, included 30 rural shops.

The first thing that got me started- this is a compilation of daily turnover in the context of each store. For this, there was a special notebook, which was lined by hand, where the list of stores was located horizontally, and the amounts of daily revenue handed over by each outlet were entered vertically. The amounts were selected from the 1C program with a cumulative total. As a result, at the end of the month, the result of the work of the enterprise was visible in the form of a total amount and the result of the work of each store and its turnover. This concept hides the number of days required to sell the average stock of goods in a store. The average inventory for the period is divided by the average one-day turnover of the outlet.

At the end of each month, in a special tablet made in the Excel editor, a comparative analysis of the work of each outlet was carried out in comparison with the previous month and the same period last year. This made it possible to analyze the work of the enterprise as a whole and for each department.
The costs and expenses were analyzed in the same way. I made similar forms to analyze the cost of electricity, repair of premises, gas supply, wages and deductions, the amount of the balance of goods in stores.

The number of reports that I was responsible for compiling is difficult to calculate. The main three were sent monthly to the head office located in the city of Kursk, and included all the indicators that the company achieved over the past month. Every month a report was made to the Statistical Office which included the same data. In addition, quarterly and annual performance reports were submitted for the quarter and year.

By the end of the quarter, I was developing a plan for each outlet for the next three months. Planning was based on a comparative analysis of similar periods of the past three years and the last quarter.

By all rights, the plan for the outlet should be directly linked to the population living in the village where the store operates, but this is a real problem. Information about residents is collected by calling the village administrations, and they have one thing in their papers, but in reality it is completely different. They give information only about registered citizens who, perhaps, have not lived there for many years, and those who came to work and live without a residence permit are simply not taken into account.

Therefore, my method was the most optimal. In January of each year, a tentative plan for the coming year was drawn up. It was based on the figures presented to us by the parent company and the capabilities of each store.

How much do economists earn

Banknotes

It is difficult for me to talk about how much people of my profession earn in big cities, but for our area my salary was considered quite good. My salary was 16,000 rubles. Minus this figure, income tax of 13% and trade union dues, about 14,500 rubles a month came into hand. Wages were paid officially, with all necessary deductions. The social package was represented only by sick pay and gifts for children for the New Year holidays - not the scale of an enterprise where there are free trips to the sea or their own children's camps.

According to the statistics that I was interested in, the minimum salary of an economist in a large city starts at 22,000 rubles, and its upper limit is 80,000 rubles. But in order to earn so much, you need to have extensive work experience in this specialty, and besides, you need to live in the city.

Pros and cons of being an economist

To the advantages of the profession can be attributed to the fact that the economist is independent of anyone except the director, an employee. In addition, people who have decided to devote themselves to this profession are individuals who put a creative approach to activity at the forefront. The opportunity to see what others cannot see, to improve the structure and staffing in order to direct efforts towards achieving the set goals - this is really interesting.

I do not see any shortcomings in this work. The only problem, characteristic of the vast majority of enterprises in our time, is to load the one who copes with their duties with the maximum number of additional functions that distract from the main process.

What does it take to be appreciated and noticed?

In my case, only the chief accountant and director of the organization were above me in rank. Accounting is not mine! And there was no desire to become a leader. No, I do not want to say that I am not ambitious! Very much! But this is not the case. Our director had so many responsibilities and problems that sometimes it seemed to me that he spent the night in the office. The enterprise, which he inherited from his predecessor, was in a state of extreme decline. And he didn't even have time to breathe.

I occupied a good position, I really liked my work, and I did not want to change anything. In addition, not having much experience and experience, I tried to travel to neighboring branches of the parent organization to experienced economists, where I learned a lot. Several times I was sent to advanced training courses, after which I was entrusted with work with personnel.

Parting words for beginners

The most important thing in our profession, as in any other, is to remain human. Attention to details and numbers, perseverance and literacy are the qualities that must be present. It is advisable, if the opportunity presents itself, to first get a job as an assistant economist. This will avoid many of the mistakes and miscalculations common to beginners in any profession.

An economist, who is this and what does he do, it is worth referring to the concept of "economy". Economics is a science, economic activity and everything connected with it. Thus, the profession of an economist implies the study, analysis and forecasting of the economic activity of a particular economic entity. It is the economists who are responsible for the financial efficiency of the enterprise.

In many ways, the profession of an economist is close to such professions as an accountant, financier, marketer. In small enterprises, the same employee can perform the duties of these specialists, the position of which, most likely, will be called an accountant. In large enterprises, there are usually entire economic departments, which can also be called planning or commercial.

Only a person with a specialized education can occupy the position of an economist, since an economist needs to understand many things in order to work. So, good knowledge of accounting and management accounting, auditing, economic theory, marketing, statistics, analysis of financial and economic activity is simply necessary. Knowledge of tax and labor laws will be useful. In addition, an economist must understand the specifics of the enterprise, understand its nuances.

Responsibilities of an Economist

The main duty of an economist is to analyze the economic activity of his enterprise according to a number of indicators. Such an analysis makes it possible to look at the activities of the organization through numbers. This makes it possible to identify strengths and weaknesses, to find reserves for improving the efficiency of the enterprise and its specific structures.

Another of the most important is the preparation of a forecast for the future period, based on today's indicators. Planning is essential for management accounting purposes. Based on the data received from the economist, the head of the enterprise makes such management decisions as to whether the enterprise needs a loan (in what amount and for how long), whether to reduce or recruit employees, whether to increase additional production capacity, etc. An economist receives information for analysis and planning from special reporting forms of accounting and operational accounting.

In simple terms, an economist, his activities are aimed at improving the efficiency of the enterprise, reducing costs and increasing income.

To date, the profession of an economist is one of the most demanded and promising professions in the world. Economists are needed in any company, from small businesses to multinational giants. The activity of an economist is universal and mainly concerns working with numbers and vast arrays of data.

What does an economist do

What does and what does an economist do? Depending on the specialization, various responsibilities may be assigned to him, although the main task of any specialist in this industry is to collect data on the activities of the company, analyze them, as well as plan and forecast further steps. For example, labor economists calculate wages, planners plan the economic activities of the enterprise, financial specialists manage the company's budget, monitor and record cash flows, sales economists are responsible for the supply of goods, accounting experts draw up the balance sheet of the enterprise. and document all financial transactions conducted by the firm, the banking specialist works with securities and financial statements.

Any economist must have knowledge not only in the economic sphere, but also in legal, statistical, informational.

Without knowledge of the current legislation, it is impossible to carry out activities related to accounting for finances and their planning with high quality and without risk. Without the ability to work with statistical information and draw conclusions based on today's data, it is impossible to plan future activities, taking into account factors that can affect it. An economist must be able to think and analyze.

The development of information technology, on the one hand, has greatly facilitated the work - various programs automate most of the monotonous processes, but on the other hand, an economist must have advanced skills in working with a computer and separate software. Therefore, one of the basic disciplines taught in universities is computer science.

Knowledge of English will be extremely useful in the profession of an economist.

English will not only help you get a job in a prestigious foreign company, but will also allow you to get acquainted with the latest information published mainly in English-language literature. English will allow you to be in a winning position over competitors for whom learning this language has remained an insurmountable barrier.

Well, the last thing that is literally vital for any economist is a developed logical thinking. More successful in this area of activity are those who are highly organized, attentive, committed to order, emotional stability and strict self-control.

Don't expect a high salary after graduation. Without work experience, the monthly salary is unlikely to exceed 400-500 dollars. With experience from 2 to 5 years, the salary increases significantly - from 800 to 1500 dollars. Not least is the scale of the company's activities: in international organizations, the salary is much higher.

Do not miss:

Pros and cons of being an economist

Advantages:

a universal profession, a literate person can realize himself without problems;
professional knowledge and skills will help in starting your own business.

Disadvantages:

practice shows that working with numbers is routine and boring;
high competition in the labor market, especially for inexperienced university graduates.

It is advisable for a yesterday's university graduate to immediately decide in which area he will move up the career ladder. There are quite a few areas: accounting, financial management, marketing, analytics and others. The diversity of economic education allows you to move from one niche to another, which contributes to career growth.

A specialist diploma allows you to start working as an ordinary economist in a small company, and in the future to take the position of a manager. The apogee of the profession is the position of managing director, who, in fact, is fully responsible for the development of the company, income level and competitiveness.

The ideas of the greatest economist Karl Marx formed the basis of the idea of the Russian revolution. Vladimir Lenin found in them the truth of the new world, the new order. The works of the scientist changed not only Russian, but also world history. It was on their basis that communism in the Soviet interpretation was built. Joseph Stiglitz criticized the policies of the World Bank even as the organization's chief economist. He literally forced the world community to pay attention to the obstacles that the free market creates in developing countries.Paul Krugman even seemed to be a soothsayer, because throughout the entire presidency of George W. Bush he predicted the economic consequences of every decision of the first person of the state and turned out to be right.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of leading experts in the global economy. But is it realistic to achieve such heights by graduating from one of the provincial Russian universities? Who is an economist, what should a specialist know and what can a specialist expect? Let's talk about this further.

Who is an economist

An economist is a specialist in the field of economic sciences. His professional activities are based on research, planning and management of activities (primarily economic). Contrary to popular belief, economics is a human science, not a technical one. Do not confuse the profession with the specialty of an accountant or financier. This is an independent industry, and the work of specialists is aimed specifically at analysis, planning, research of consequences and risks. An economist can be a scientist (theorist) or a leader (practitioner). The list of duties and tasks depends on the position.

What does an economics practitioner do?

Plans the activities of the company.
Analyzes processes, develops strategies to improve economic efficiency.
Determines the system of remuneration of personnel, its financial motivation.
Calculates the costs and profits of the enterprise in the short and long term.
Controls financial processes in the enterprise.

A practicing economist may also hold positions in public institutions, such as being the minister of economic development. However, more often such positions go to theorists - scientists who are able to look at things more broadly and work with larger economies of cities, regions and countries. Practices are more often in demand at enterprises, banks and other financial institutions, in the field of hotel and restaurant business. Depending on the qualifications, a specialist can occupy different positions in the structure of the company.

Key features of the profession

The main task of a specialist in an enterprise is to organize activities in such a way that it is profitable, and profits are constantly growing. Knowledge of economics alone is not enough for high company profits.

Therefore, it is important to ensure interaction with engineers, marketers, personnel managers, senior management and other parts of the organization.

Example : the economist considers it necessary to purchase inexpensive Chinese equipment in a crisis and reduce this item of expenditure by 30%. But production engineers know that this particular technique will not allow for the production of the norm and product quality. If the decision is made on the basis of the economic component alone, it will lead to collapse. That is why contact with the company's personnel and its management is so important.

Accordingly, the basic features of the profession can be distinguished:

The need to build contact with the company's personnel, collect information from experts in each specific issue.
Participation in the construction of large-scale strategies, the ability to ensure their implementation in the short and long term.
The relevance of constant analysis of the situation on the market and improvement of one's own qualifications - the market is changing too quickly.

In addition, each enterprise may require a specialist to perform a different range of tasks. So a small company cannot afford to maintain a large staff in the field of economics and finance. Accordingly, an economist can take on the functions of an accountant, financier, auditor and other specialties that are indirectly related to his main job responsibilities. Practice shows that economists in the initial understanding of the meaning of this profession are mainly scientists and officials who are abstracted from the realities of modern production.

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What an Economist Should Know

First of all, theory. In practice, managers, finance and credit specialists can work in this position. But in comparison with narrow specialists in the industry, they have a key drawback - the lack of specialized higher education. During it, the most powerful theoretical base is laid, which is important to be able to apply in practice.

What an economist should know first of all:

Theory of economic sciences.
Accounting.
Precedents from world experience.
Crisis exit algorithms.
Investments and management.

Many specialists receive a second education after employment. For example, when working in a company specializing in the production of food products, they receive an additional profession of a production technologist. This helps to increase the efficiency of work and understanding of the key features of the functioning of the enterprise. The economy in this case is inextricably linked with production. And to ensure the maximum profit of the company, the least painful way out of the crisis and labor efficiency is possible only with expert knowledge of the specifics of the enterprise.

What personal qualities should a specialist have?

Analytical mind. An economist is, first of all, a strategist and an excellent manager. In this situation, he needs to analyze a lot, to see what even the top management of the company does not see.

Market research, monitoring the dynamics of the company's economic development, building a strategy to increase profits and reduce operating costs are the basic tasks of a specialist.

An analytical mindset and the ability to see the market picture in nuances are the key qualities that a specialist should possess.

perfectionism. Psychologists call the constant pursuit of ideals a deviation from the norm, but for an economist it is to some extent necessary. One missed nuance can make the whole economic picture of the enterprise work incorrect. In this situation, dedication, readiness to repeatedly double-check strategies and ideas is especially important. An important role is also played by continuous development, the desire for self-education and the study of world experience. The market does not stand still, and the economist needs a constant analysis of the situation.

Sociability. A practitioner needs to be in contact with employees of enterprises, organizations, institutions and institutions. He cannot be an expert on all issues, therefore the ability to get a professional opinion from a person who is better versed in any issue is especially important. It is equally important to find a common language with management and convince them of the correctness of the proposed strategy for economic development or overcoming the crisis - in practice, bosses rarely trust their subordinates, regardless of the qualifications and achievements of the employee.

Where is the best place to study economics?

The presentation of the educational institution should not confuse you. Non-state universities, online universities - all this is good, but not for the first education. It is best obtained at a classical state university or institute. And the more prestigious the educational institution you choose, the better.

Academy of National Economy and Public Service.
High School of Economics.
MGIMO.
Economic University. Plekhanov
Moscow State University Lomonosov.

The leadership of these universities is ambiguous. In various ratings, the TOP-5 includes St. Petersburg State University, the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation and other higher educational institutions.

Pay attention not so much to statistics as to real indicators. Find out from the admissions committee what percentage of graduates work in their specialty. Check out the average wages. Pay attention to the reviews of students and graduates - this information is constantly changing and will be relevant only at the time of the search. Do not be lazy to find and analyze it.

Do graduates of regional, less prestigious universities have a chance for a successful career? Undoubtedly. Graduates of prestigious universities have advantages at the start, but as they work, all preferences dissolve. Will you be able to make a dizzying career or will you be content with an average salary - it depends only on you. 90% of the best economists in the world graduated from prestigious universities. But getting into the remaining 10% is quite possible if you really want to.

Pros and cons of the profession

Speaking about the advantages and disadvantages, it is important to keep in mind their conventionality. In different companies and organizations, economists may be endowed with different powers, different requirements may be imposed on them. Therefore, we note only those advantages and disadvantages that are the most common and claim to be objective.

Pros of being an economist:

Chance to make a dizzying career.
Average salary is high.
Prestigious profession.
Opportunity to take leadership positions.
An interesting job for people with an analytical mindset.
Significant impact.

The influence of a specialist is expressed in his professional role: it is the correctness of the chosen strategy of economic development that will determine the fate of the enterprise, and sometimes the fate of the region, country, world economy. When schoolchildren write an essay on the topic “My future profession is an economist,” they do not always realize the importance of this specialty. But just as often, they forget about significant shortcomings.

Disadvantages of being an economist:

Difficulty of learning.
Minimum budget places.
Preferences for graduates of prestigious universities.
Difficult work without instructions and algorithms.
The need to constantly improve.

The lack of instructions is one of the key drawbacks. If at school you are used to learning formulas, theorems and solving template problems based on the knowledge gained, then everything will be completely different. You know how the head of a large company dealt with the crisis. But you don't know what to do when your company suffers losses due to the failure of an advertising campaign. Therefore, there can be no talk of any instructions and guarantees of the fidelity of the decision you made.

How much does an economist earn

Wages differ not only in the regions - there is a significant difference between the maximum and minimum wages.

The average salary of an economist in Russia is 42,000 rubles. But it is obvious that this is the "average temperature in the hospital." About 70% of specialists work in the regions and receive no more than 25-27 thousand rubles. Here the gap is significant even in comparison with the national average.

In the capital, the average salary of an economist is 90 thousand rubles. But even here there are specialists who work for the notorious 30 thousand. The gap between the maximum and minimum wages is significant. According to statistics, the best specialists in Russia in the field of economics receive over 450 thousand rubles a month. Naturally, their share of the total number is extremely small. The amount of your salary will depend only on you - no one can guarantee the maximum.

Summary

If you decide to choose the economy as a sphere of your professional development, then try to choose a state and most prestigious university for study. Remember that this is not the easiest profession, it is suitable only for very responsible, developed people with an analytical mindset. You will have to work hard and take risks to make a great career. Hoping for huge salaries immediately after graduation is not worth it.

Economist

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