Soundproofing materials. Types of thin soundproofing for the ceiling. Choosing the Right Decorative Soundproof Wall Panels

Noise is not such a harmless phenomenon as it might seem: it is no coincidence that its level and time, acceptable for noisy work and entertainment, regulated by law.

If you suffer from riotous neighbors, the noise of running equipment, or screams coming from the sports ground, don't try to get used to: it can cause health problems(from hearing loss and nervous disorders to hormonal disruptions and cardiovascular diseases).

In cases where it is impossible to neutralize the noise source, the only reasonable solution would be the acoustic insulation of your own apartment.

Overview of modern materials

The first thing to know about acoustic insulation is that sound absorption and sound insulation are different concepts.

Soundproofing- this is the establishment of obstacles in the path of a sound wave that will not allow sound to penetrate into the room or, conversely, to spread outward. Sound absorption occurs due to the conversion of sound energy into heat and a decrease in the intensity of the reflected wave.

Naturally, different materials are required for these purposes: soundproof materials must have sufficient high mass and density, and sound-absorbing - to have soft, porous texture.

So, we list the main sound-absorbing materials:

1. Fiberglass or mineral wool boards(better than basalt) are quite effective, but have a noticeable thickness (from 3 cm). They are embedded in a special frame inside the casing of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets.
2. Expanded polyurethane panels(acoustic foam rubber, "sound-absorbing pyramids") are simply attached to the glue, and under them it is not even necessary to level the surface. The thickness of such a panel is from 3.5 to 10 cm; the height of each pyramid is from 2 to 7 cm.
3. Liquid soundproofing- only the name, in fact, sound absorption occurs. You need to apply it in a thick layer (at least 3 cm), without particularly leveling: you still have to cover it with drywall or a decorative panel.
4. Cork sheets or roll cork- the coating is decorative, but with a thickness of 0.8-1 cm, you can use it for sound insulation. Sound absorption will be more effective if the diameter of the pressed chips is no more than 3 mm (be sure to pay attention to this, because there are chips up to 6 mm in diameter).

For soundproofing, products from the following list are usually used:

1. Wall cladding with plasterboard or gypsum boards with fastening to a wall on a relative. Between the wall and the sheathing, a gap of at least 4 cm wide must be provided for filling with noise-absorbing materials (see above).
2. Soundproof panel systems(ZIPS or sandwich panels) - industrial version of the previous version; their thickness varies from 5.5 to 13.5 cm. Finished sandwich panels are mounted directly on the wall in a frameless way.
3. Decorative soundproof panels- thin (1.2-1.5 cm) layered material from a cardboard frame and loose mineral filler (eg quartz sand). To prevent sand from spilling out when cutting panels, it is necessary to seal their sections with special adhesive tape.
4. Acoustic boards made of soft fibreboard- ply construction, including waterproofing, polystyrene foam and reinforcing mesh. Depending on the thickness of the filler, the plate can turn out to be thin (from 1 cm) or wide (about 10 cm).
5. wood fiber panels(usually coniferous trees) is also relatively thin (from 1.2 to 2.5 cm) facing material with soundproofing properties.
6. Thin high density membranes in essence, the material is homogeneous, but for the convenience of attaching to the wall, they sometimes have a coating.

How to choose the right insulation material?

If you do not take into account the financial component and subjective preferences for the color of the panel sheathing, then There are only two main criteria:

1. Who will carry out the work: professionals or the residents themselves?
2. What is more important: to reduce the decibel level as much as possible or to save the useful area of ​​​​the apartment?

If the installation is planned to be done by hand, then it is better to choose sandwich panels (ZIPS), which are assembled in a frameless way, or any coating that is glued to the wall with the entire surface.

More complex complex insulating structures are best left to install by professionals.

The answer to the second question allows you to choose between:

• wall cladding with multilayer panels or drywall (with subsequent filling with soft noise-absorbing material);
• thin soundproof coatings.

Read also about choosing the best material for facing the facade of the house.

Thin soundproofing materials

Objectively, thin soundproofing is not self-sufficient: even manufacturers in the description of the material often indicate that it is intended for use as part of "puff" panels.

Nevertheless, many people prefer to do everything possible for sound insulation even in the case when, for some reason, “sandwich” designs are not applicable.

Here is a list of the most common materials and their approximate thickness:

• lead foil in a “case” made of polyurethane foam - 0.7 cm;
• polymer-bitumen membrane coated with polypropylene - 0.4 cm;
• mineral membranes - 0.25-0.37 cm;
• polyethylene insulation for wallpaper - 0.5 cm (more details in the next sections).

Among thin single-layer materials, those that have high mass and density and as high a critical frequency as possible (preferably outside the range that can be heard by the human ear) - that is, definitely not polyethylene.

Not everyone knows that the soundproofing capabilities of a material depend on the frequency of the "hostile" sound. So, the critical frequency is the lowest frequency, after which the soundproofing characteristics of the material are reduced.

From familiar materials highest critical frequency has lead, one level lower - steel, concrete, brick, rubber. If you choose according to this criterion, then the best option is a lead membrane. But since lead is not the healthiest element periodic table, it is worth taking a closer look at the polymer-bitumen membrane: this artificial material has a critical frequency of lead, but does not contain harmful impurities.

The most popular mineral membranes - aragonite (texaund) and barite (noise block, loaded vinyl) - contain polymers as a binder, which give the material plasticity and elasticity. The small thickness of the membranes allows them to be used in several layers to improve the effect, alternating with noise absorption.

With a little stretch thin sound insulation can be attributed to the previously discussed:

• acoustic boards (minimum thickness 1 cm);
• decorative panels made of wood fibers (from 1.2 cm);
• rolled cork coating (from 0.8 cm).

The main ways to isolate noise with your own hands

Plastic windows can cope with the noise coming from the street, but the main thing here is not to overdo it: you should not order a two-, three-chamber double-glazed window, since more glass not only does not improve, but in some cases may degrade soundproofing. It is better to install a single-chamber package (of two glasses) with as much distance as possible between them.

It is much more difficult to level the noise coming from indoor sources (in our case, an apartment building). Fortunately, the preparatory stage of soundproofing your apartment anyone can do who has ever dealt with renovations.

It is better to start by sealing the joints between the plates and sealing other cracks and holes. If the gaps are large, blow them out with foam or, at worst, tightly rammed with rags, if small - just gently putty over.

The next important point is to get rid of through sockets (for this you will have to slightly redraw the electrical wiring) and strengthen all the rest in the socket.

Now it's the turn of the plaster (of course, high quality, elastic, with good adhesion). It turns out that a thick layer of plaster plus putty already gives a good level of sound insulation: in a standard situation, when the neighbors have no repairs, no holidays and no fights, you can sleep or work in peace.

Soundproofing the walls in the apartment: video instruction.

If “standard” situations are rather an exception to the rule, then additional acoustic insulation is indispensable. For DIY installation fit:

• soundproof sandwich panels (ZIPS);
• decorative panels with loose filler;
• panels made of wood fibers or compressed cork chips;
• thin high-density insulating coatings;
• liquid soundproofing;
• polyethylene backing for wallpaper.

All these materials do not require special installation skills: with their help, everyone can equip a soundproof room!

For wall insulation in spacious rooms, preference should be given to combined multilayer structures: their soundproofing characteristics are significantly higher than that of homogeneous materials.

If you are a professional in the field of repair and construction, it will not be difficult for you to sheathe the walls with mineral- or fiberglass-filled drywall inside the sheathing: this option is a classic of acoustic insulation, but will cost less good finished panels.

How to soundproof walls under wallpaper?

So, the walls are prepared for finishing putty. If you decide to make light sound insulation with foamed polyethylene, then it is not necessary to putty to the ideal, the material itself perfectly hides small irregularities.

The polyethylene foam substrate for wallpaper is usually already pasted over with paper on both sides and rolled into rolls, so it is simply cut into pieces of the desired length and glued to the plaster (without overlap!) with heavy wallpaper glue.

Be sure to take care in advance that during work and when the material dries the temperature in the room was above 10◦C.

When the substrate dries, you can glue any wallpaper: both ready-made and for painting (material has water repellent properties, so the water emulsion will not damage it).

Acoustic ceiling insulation

The purpose of soundproofing a ceiling is to get rid of not only airborne (spreading through the air), but also structural (spreading through the floor slabs) noise.

The last type of noise is also called vibration or shock: this includes sounds that occur when furniture is dragged, heavy objects fall, walking on heels on parquet, etc.

Important: no matter which method of soundproofing is chosen, the first step is to foam or putty the gaps between the plates.

Whatever the original height of the room, it is better to sacrifice centimeters: the best solution for impact sound insulation is the installation of a suspended plasterboard or stretch ceiling.

Moreover, the gap between the ceiling and the newly formed ceiling must be filled with good noise-absorbing material (see photo) (Never use styrofoam!).

Pay attention also to the fact that the fasteners (and the substrates under them) are also soundproof.

Both stretch and suspended ceilings have many enthusiastic supporters among professional builders, so it's up to you to decide. An additional advantage in favor of the tension will be that its coating itself is already is a decorative element, while the drywall construction needs to be puttied, wallpapered or painted.

If the height of the room is so low that you cannot even think of reducing it, it is worth trying decorative ecological soundproofing panels. (1.2-1.5 cm thick) or an ultra-thin aragonite soundproofing membrane.

Important: soundproofing one ceiling (without walls and floor) will not help to completely remove even noise from neighbors from above, since sound can also propagate through wall partitions.

The review of materials for acoustic insulation carried out here is, of course, not complete, but it can be a starting point for your search.

Sleep badly and feel uncomfortable? Have you become annoyed for any reason? The best soundproofing materials for an apartment will help you cope with your problems and create the conditions for a good rest.

The reasons for poor sound insulation are:

• inadequacy of the construction of the house to the norms-standards;
• fencing failures. Voids and gaps reduce sound insulation;
• noise beyond measure in the apartments of neighbors or from the street from the outside.

Every owner of an apartment or house makes every effort to solve the inconvenience of everyday life and protect himself from unnecessary noise. Soundproofing is required to create comfortable living conditions, both in your home and to avoid conflicts. Active games for children, home theater, musical instruments - a partial list of objects and related activities for scandals.

To determine the choice of raw materials, it is necessary to establish the type of noise.

Distinguish:

• Air. Sounds transmitted from the outside by air: busy traffic, deafening music, industrial enterprises.
• Shock. Drilling walls, driving nails during repairs. However, specially designed insulation is necessary when carrying out systematic work using a jackhammer.
• Structural. The road transmits vibration to the walls of the apartment, converting it into decibels.

Attention! Noise from the motorway reaches 70 dB.
Soundproofing materials absorb sounds from the outside or prevent the spread from the apartment. It is required to find a suitable material for the interior of the room.

What to look for when choosing sound-absorbing material for your home?

When performing soundproofing work, the following should be taken into account:

• Room dimensions.

For small rooms - a children's room or a bedroom - a drywall sheet is suitable, which will not reduce the usable area. In spacious rooms, sound-absorbing multi-layer structures are installed in a special frame, which occupy a lot of space. Styrene, mineral wool or kraft cardboard.

• The purpose of the room.

Materials suitable for the bedroom should not be used in the kitchen, which is characterized by high humidity and temperature fluctuations. Select stable insulating materials.

• Invoice.

Its use in monolithic concrete houses differs from frame buildings. The quality of sound insulators depends on the price.

• Invoice quote.

It is required not only to correctly combine sound insulators and soundproofing materials, but also to take into account their qualitative properties. The purpose of the texture is the interior decoration of premises, therefore substances harmful to health are excluded from the composition: bitumen and lead, mercury and formaldehydes, volatile resins, EPDM compounds and volatile resins.

• Sealing joints and cracks.

The structures require integrity and solidity. Therefore, eliminate all unnecessary holes and holes. Unsealed connection, uninsulated air pipes, risers and sockets reduce sound insulation. Sealing joints with soft mastic or sealant.

• Qualified installation.

To achieve an effective result, competent mounting is required. Qualified workers in soundproofing, repair and decoration will come to the rescue. It is important that soundproofing based on design ideas matches the interior inside the apartment or house and does not interfere with engineering communications.

Popular firms

They choose soundproofing materials not only for the price, but also, focusing on the distinctive features of the structure, installation. The construction market offers a wide range of products. Particularly popular are the products of domestic and foreign manufacturers:

• MaxForte (Russia);
• Isover Ecophon (Sweden, Finland);
• Wolf Bavaria (Germany);
• Acoustic Group (Russia);
• Acoustic Wool (Ukraine);
• Mappy (Italy);
• Rockwool (Denmark);
• Techno Sonus (Russia);
• Texdecor (France);
• TechnoNikol (Russia).

Rating of high-quality soundproofing materials

Popular with consumers:

Blocks out 95% of noise, especially impact type. It is recommended to cover the walls without leaving cracks and gaps. The main thing is that the dimensions of the room allow installation work.

Advantages:

• Not combustible;
• universal application: for walls, floor, ceiling;
• durable.

Disadvantages:

• Hygroscopicity. Prevents use in rooms that are damp and humid;
• multilayer styling;
• the need to monitor the integrity of the edges.

Price - 773 rubles per pack.

cork cover

A novelty among building materials.

Advantages:

• moisture resistant;
• a variety of shades;
• environmentally friendly;
• antistatic;
• resistant to fungus and mold.

Disadvantages:

• not a budget option;
• flammable;
• subject to mechanical stress;
• burn out;
• difficulty in dismantling.

Price - 360 rubles per pack (2m2).

Termozvukoizol

Three-layer noise insulator. Inside there is a fiberglass canvas, the outer coverings are made of propylene. It is characterized by dense stitching of layers.

Termozvukoizol

Advantages:

• ecologicaly clean;
• easy to mount;
• fireproof;
• not susceptible to moisture and high temperatures;
• low thermal conductivity;
• not afraid of rodents and insects.

Disadvantages:

• makes it difficult to work during installation due to the large dimensions and thickness of the layer;
• installation is time consuming;
• not suitable for the ceiling.

The price for 1 roll (15 m2) is from 2,800 rubles to 4,800 rubles, depending on the brand.

About the advantages of using this material and the features of use - in the video:

polyurethane foam

Good sound insulator. The grooves provide a high degree of adhesion to the tightness of the surfaces.

polyurethane foam

Advantages:

• resistant to burning;
• non-toxic;
• not hygroscopic;
• neutral to the action of acids and alkalis;
• easy;
• long service life.

Disadvantages:

• susceptible to sun exposure;
• applied to dry and warm coating;
• darkens during use.

The price of PPU sandwich panels is from 1,138 rubles per m2.

Natural raw materials. Based on wood fiber. Dimensions 2.7×1. 2 m speed up the mounting process. One side without roughness, completely suitable for processing. The texture is able to make the walls even.

Advantages:

• environmentally friendly, does not cause individual intolerance;
• gives additional strength and rigidity to the structure;
• long service life;
• easy to install;
• easily cut with a knife.

Disadvantages:

• high price;
• you will not find in any store of building materials;
• not resistant to moisture.

Price - 630 rubles per sheet (3.24 m2).

More about the characteristics of the material - in the video:

A variation of kraft board incorporating wax paper and wood fibers. Excellent noise resistance up to 23 dB. A small thickness (1.2 cm) leaves the useful meters of the apartment almost unchanged. Bonding panels to wall surfaces.

Advantages:

• easy;
• high strength;
• cheap;
• convenient to use;
• frame is not required;
• eco-friendly.

Disadvantages:

• not suitable for rooms with high humidity;
• combustible;
• susceptible to attack by rodents and insects.

Price - from 25 rubles per kilogram.

MaxForte SoundPRO

This is the latest soundproofing material, produced in the form of a roll measuring 1.4x5 m. Its thickness is only 12 mm, while it is able to provide a high level of protection against shock and airborne noise. A specially laid aluminosilicate fiber provides such high performance. A significant property of this material is its complete incombustibility, which is confirmed by the appropriate certificate.

MaxForte SoundPRO

Disadvantages:

• Sold in rolls, cannot be bought by the meter;
• It is impossible to buy in retail stores, only through the manufacturer;
• High price.

Cost - 1090 rubles per 1 sq.m.

You can see how the material is mounted in the video:

A system without a frame for walls and ceilings, which includes sandwich panels. Attached to the wall. Models differ in layers: dense, light.

panel zips

Advantages:

• quick and easy installation;
• fire resistance;
• eco-friendly;
• produced from domestic materials;
• vibration neutralizer;
• finishing is possible.

Disadvantages:

• installation only on a flat surface;
• difficulty in wiring and installing sockets;
• inconvenient to use, can not withstand a weight of more than 5 kg;
• a large number of mounts affects the acoustic properties in the worst way.

The average price per panel is 1062 rubles.

Texound

New soundproof popular material. As part of the felt and polymer coating. Looks like rubber. Application: floor, ceiling, walls.

Texound

Advantages:

• a thickness of 3 mm allows you to save the useful footage of the room;
• flexible. Circular insulation is possible thanks to the material in the roll;
• range width from 28 dB. Considered one of the best;
• mass application not only in everyday life, but also in industry;
• is not subject to destruction;
• moisture resistant and resistant to temperature changes;
• long shelf life.

Disadvantages:

• sheet length - 5 meters;
• wall covering requires leveling and priming.

Price - 1320 rubles per meter.

Soundproofing for ceilings

Often it is not enough to stick the roll insulator. Cork or tile wallpaper will help solve simple problems. To soundproof the ceiling, you will have to give up the height of the apartment. The most effective technique is the construction of a ceiling structure.
Distinguish:

• stretch ceiling made of film or fabric, which is installed on pre-fortified brackets;
• false plasterboard ceiling. Mineral wool or other soundproofing material is placed in a metal frame attached to the ceiling;
• suspended ceiling. When installing the frame, soundproof fillers are used: cork, polyurethane foam blocks, coconut fibers, basalt wool cork. Closed with panels.

Practical video tips on installing ceiling soundproofing with your own hands:

Wall soundproofing

Before work, they inspect the wall and close up cracks and cracks. The fastest and most convenient way is to rub with cement. Pull out electrical outlets and check for voids. If necessary, lay with mineral wool, seal the hole with putty or cement before putting the outlet in place.

Soundproofing material and installation methods are selected according to the price, efficiency and quality of sound insulators, as well as the footage of the “eaten up” usable space.

A variety of textures are used for decorative soundproofing of walls. The construction services market provides a wide range of products. Are especially popular with consumers:

• drywall;
• soundproof panels;
• roll material.

Video instruction for working with spare parts panels for soundproofing walls:

Drywall installation

Assemble the frame. If the walls are thin, fix the profile on a rubber lining. Mineral wool or other material as a noise absorber is embedded in the prepared crate. The structure is covered with plasterboard sheets. Shpatlyuyut, finishing.

Assembling the soundproofing panel

With a perfectly even coating, the panel is installed immediately on the wall. Fastening thanks to the notch-protrusion lock or using construction adhesive. The problem of leveling the wall covering is solved in two ways: by assembling the frame, as is the case with mounting drywall or putty.

The panel installation is quite simple. No finishing required as surface coating is available. A variety of materials and colors: paper tapestries, fabric, wood or stone lamination.

Pasting of roll noise insulators

Save money and time. Convenient to use. Glue is used for dense vinyl or non-woven wallpaper. The work is not very difficult, the result is good for an inexpensive material. Rolled sound insulators cope with 60% of noise.

Sound insulation for partitions

As a rule, sheathing is used in two or three layers. Installation is carried out in various variations: drywall, plywood, glass-magnesite or gypsum-fiber sheet. The construction of 2 layers of plasterboard sheets with a sheet of gypsum fiber has not only massiveness, but also positive resonant properties. Vertical fastening of sheets with screws at a distance of 25 cm, so that the layers are connected with a shift. The joining of the plates is sealed with putty or silicone sealant.

More about soundproofing partitions - in the video:

Frameless coating

ZIPS panels, unlike a metal frame, are attached directly to the wall. They present a sandwich consisting of dense plasterboard sheets and a plastic sound absorber made of staple glass wool.

For adhesion of the plates, a tongue-and-groove joint is used, for strengthening - a vibration-proof assembly. Plus: the minimum "eaten" usable space. Cons: expensive.

"Knauf Insulation Acoustic Baffle"

Mineral wool insulation in the form of slabs or mats. Possess the strengthened elastic qualities. The special production technology is reflected in the degree of sound absorption.

The product is an excellent sound insulator. It is used as a soundproofing texture for frame-cladding partitions.

Noise isolation for musicians

Acoustic foam rubber creates sound comfort in music studios at home, apartments, private houses. Copes with strong echo, unintelligible speech, musical accompaniment.

FLEXAKUSTIK soundproofing boards from a domestic manufacturer, Acoustic Group, are in demand among consumers-musicians.

They are made of acoustic foam rubber based on polyurethane foam. The thickness and varied relief surface have a positive effect on the aesthetic appearance of the product, contribute to obtaining the desired sound effect.

Advantages:

• original relief coating;
• safe for health;
• easy to use: gluing;
• comfortable acoustic "stub" of the room.

Disadvantages:

• expensive.

The average price is 1460 rubles per m2.

Soundproofing for a summer residence

Which company is better to choose? Will the purchase affect the family budget? Will it completely solve the soundproofing issues? Consumers are looking for answers to these questions before choosing a quality texture for a country house. It is impossible to answer unambiguously, since each material has its own qualitative characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, and cost.

To avoid mistakes when choosing a product, one should take into account the suitability of the material for the intended purpose: absorption of airborne or impact sound. The first type corresponds to materials with a fibrous or granular base.

Advantages:

• inexpensive;
• lightweight;
• easy to mount.

Noise-insulating structures prevent extraneous noise from entering the apartment.

Disadvantages:

• massiveness;
• heavy weight;
• inconvenience in fastening.

Take into account the size of the rooms. In a small room - ultra-fast propagation of noise. Large-sized structures reduce useful footage.
Top Selling Materials
Do not go out of fashion:

• mineral wool and cork;
• sandwich panels ZIPS and Isoplat plates;
• panels for Kraft and Taxound walls.

Panels EcoSoundIzol

The production is based on quartz sand and a seven-layer cardboard profile. Acoustic mat thickness - 13 mm, weight up to 18 kg, sound insulation index - 38 dB.

Panels EcoSoundIzol

Advantages:

• frameless;
• stick on the wall;
• thin;
• are easily cut.

Disadvantages:

• heavy;
• during operation, the mineral filler may spill out.

Price - from 450 to 1500 rubles.

Mineral slabs Shumanet

To ensure a good level of comfort, both for life and work, it is very important to create a pleasant sound environment. To solve this problem, soundproof materials are used. They are widely represented in the construction market. You can choose a solution according to any parameters: place of application, cost, scope of work, etc. Moreover, in a number of materials, sound and noise insulation is combined with thermal insulation or waterproofing, which is very convenient.

Soundproof materials

Installation of soundproofing walls can be done by yourself, although it is better to turn to teams specializing in this. Also, given that soundproofing work requires rather dirty processes, you should try to install soundproofing even at the stage of preparing the room for finishing.

There are several types of noise that can be grouped into two groups:

• Airborne noise. These are sounds that are carried through the air: screams, conversation, laughter, music. Such noise comes from neighbors through small gaps and cracks in walls and ceilings, as well as through open windows;
• impact noise. These are sounds that are carried along hard floors and walls. Otherwise, shock noises are also called vibrations. Such sounds are especially irritating and unpleasant: perforator drilling; subwoofer; slamming doors; stomp; jumping.

To measure airborne or impact sound, special equipment is required. There are various models of such devices: from professional expensive ones to household ones with quite affordable prices up to 2000 rubles. Regardless of the cost, the principle of operation of noise measuring instruments is the same. Converting vibrations of the trapping membrane into electric current. The greater the amplitude of oscillations, the more amperes are generated. The final data is displayed on the scoreboard.

Noise tester

According to SNiPs, the acceptable noise level in residential buildings during the daytime (from 7:00 to 23:00) is 40 decibels (dB), which is comparable in volume to a normal conversation.

The upper noise threshold for this time should not exceed 55 dB, which is comparable to the volume level of a typewriter or light clapping of the palm on the table. At night in residential buildings, the upper sound threshold is set at 40 dB, but the recommended noise level is 20-25 dB (whisper volume).

Often these requirements are not achievable. And often not because of someone's malicious intent, but because of the features of the house: thin walls, thin partitions, through holes for electrical boxes and sockets, and much more. If the vibration insulation in the house does not meet the desired, then the best solution would be to install special soundproof structures or materials.

Materials for sound insulation must be selected based on how high-quality sound insulation of walls is required. Preference, ceteris paribus, is usually given to those materials whose sound insulation index is higher. The sound insulation coefficient, sound insulation index or impact sound reduction index is a qualitative indicator that reflects how many dB the impact noise transmitted through walls and ceilings will be reduced.

Soundproofing materials

Soundproof materials are of the following types:

• soundproof acoustic sealant;
• soundproof boards made of polyurethane foam;
• soundproof underlays for floor coverings;
• soundproof floor panels;
• sound-absorbing linoleum;
• soundproofing tape for vibration damping;
• soundproof sealant;
• soundproof foam rubber;
• non-combustible sound-absorbing mineral wool boards;
• soundproof panels;
• self-adhesive roll material from impact noise based on bitumen;
• soundproofing mats for floating floors;
• soundproofing base for floating floors;
• vibration-damping and sound-absorbing mastic;
• sprayed liquid sound insulation based on cellulose;
• soundproof foam;
• cork pads.

Let's consider some of them:

Shumoplast

Mixture of elastic material granules, rubber additive and acrylic-based binder. This soundproofing material is specifically designed to create a dampening base for "floating" floors. Does its job excellently. The best material for rooms of complex shape. Also, Shumoplast is indispensable when working in large rooms.

Impact noise reduction index from 24 to 32 dB

Pros:

• allows you to refuse laying a waterproofing layer;
• shrinkage no more than 5% under a load of 5 kPa;
• allows local unevenness of the floor surface up to 15 mm;
• long service life;
• does not lose soundproof properties during operation;
• simplicity and high speed of application;
• environmental friendliness.

Minuses:

• drying takes time (about a day).

Soundproof foam rubber

Represents the made foam polyurethane of a special form. The material is used when sound insulation and sound absorption of both noises penetrating into the room and emanating from it are required. Foam rubber is glued to the walls and ceilings of rooms, recording studios, cinemas to create better acoustics. It is also possible to create special mobile soundproof panels from soundproof foam rubber. Acoustic foam rubber is mounted on the surface with glue. Some manufacturers have a self-adhesive film on the back of the material.

Pros:

• mounted in an open way;
• elastic and flexible;
• effective material.

Minuses:

• requires careful operation;
• melts when burning with the formation of toxic smoke;
• destroyed by heat and ultraviolet radiation.

Soundproof foam rubber

Teksound

Soundproofing material made on a mineral basis. Rolled sound insulation with a high mass density and. The thickness of the material (4 mm) allows it to be used for walls and ceilings.

Impact noise reduction index up to 28 dB

Pros:

• decay resistance;
• flexibility and elasticity;
• easy and simple to fit;
• does not change the soundproofing properties during operation;
• low combustible material, self-extinguishing.

Minuses:

• not enough cheap sound insulation;
• when mounted on concrete, it requires a mandatory substrate.

Teksound

Acoustic decorative plate Audek

Soundproof panels are perforated. They combine good sound insulation and decorative finishes. Outside, they are sheathed with natural veneer, the color of which can be chosen based on the requirements of the design project. Plates are intended, first of all, for sound absorption of noises from within the room. Installation of soundproofing walls Audek is carried out very quickly.

Sound absorption coefficient up to 0.95

Pros:

• environmental friendliness;
• efficiency
• ease of installation.

Minuses:

• high price.

Audek panels

Isoplast

Softwood soundproofing material. Well restrains noise, gives a heat-insulating effect. Can be used as soundproofing under plaster.

Pros:

• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation.

Minuses:

• high price.

Isoplast

Mineral wool

A natural material based on basalt, which is also called stone wool. Has a high density. Manufacturing technology is similar to glass wool. Soundproofing materials of this type combine sound insulation and heat insulation well.

Impact noise reduction index up to 30 dB

Pros:

• withstands temperatures up to 550˚С;
• does not contain formaldehyde resins;
• during installation does not require crates;
• environmentally friendly;
• durable;
• shrinkage resistant;

Minuses:

• absorbs moisture, requires mandatory waterproofing.

Mineral wool

Soundproof membrane

Thin soundproofing made of natural mineral substance and binding polymer. The soundproofing film can be used on all types of surfaces to which it is attached with adhesive.

Impact noise reduction index up to 22 dB

Pros:

• operating temperature range from -60˚С to +180;
• high tear resistance;
• elasticity;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability;
• does not break when bent up to -20˚С;

Minuses:

• high price.

Soundproof membrane

Soundproof plaster

Effective at a thickness of at least 2 cm

Pros:

• speeds up the repair process;
• aligns the walls;
• environmentally friendly;
• large operating temperature range.

Minuses:

• inefficiency in suppressing external noise;
• the need to apply in several layers
• high price.

Soundproof plaster

Shumoizol

Two-layer material produced in rolls. It consists of a non-woven fabric - the base and a bituminous layer. Excellent vibration isolation. This thin soundproofing, due to its good sound-absorbing properties and resistance to compression, can be used even with a frameless one (a method when the metal profile is not exposed, and the plasterboards are attached directly to the wall).

Impact noise reduction index up to 27 dB

Pros:

• combines soundproofing and waterproofing properties;
• elastic and flexible;
• eco-friendly;
• durability.

Minuses:

• high price.

Shumoizol

Cork

Natural material from extruded cork chips. Holds sound and heat very well. Available in sheets, panels, rolls, etc.

Impact noise reduction index for material thickness 3 mm - 18 dB

Pros:

• ease of installation;
• does not absorb liquid;
• environmentally friendly;
• durable;
• decorative;
• well retains not only sound, but also heat;
• efficiency.

Minuses:

• care is required during installation, as the material may tear;
• high price.

Cork

Soundproof

Roll material, a combination of foamed polyethylene foam and a bituminous layer.

Impact noise reduction index up to 23 dB

Pros:

• combines waterproofing and soundproofing properties;
• elastic and flexible;
• eco-friendly;
• operating temperature range from -25˚С to +85˚С;
• durability;
• low cost.

Minuses:

• not identified.

Soundproof

Specialized types of sound insulation

There are many types of soundproofing materials. Some of them are used exclusively in construction and decoration, and some are universal.

A separate section highlights automotive noise insulation. Materials that are used on car bodies can also be used in construction.

So, for example, automotive vibration-damping mastic is perfect if you need to reduce the volume of a tin roof and barn walls made of metal corrugated sheet. The mastic is applied with a brush or, if the consistency allows, with a spray gun. It dries quickly and dampens noise and vibration quite well.

Another good soundproofing solution in an apartment, which is borrowed from the automotive world, is vibration-damping materials such as Vibroplast or the like. Sheet and roll materials are made on a bitumen basis, akin to Shumaizol or Soundizol. An important difference is that Vibroplast is self-adhesive. It is very easy to mount it - you just need to peel off the protective layer and press the sheet against the surface to be insulated. Convenient solution for vibration isolation of small areas. For example, this way you can improve or a balcony door.

To create a practically soundproof house, it will not be enough to use only one of the materials listed. On each element of the structure, some of their own decisions will be appropriate and effective. It is best if a combination of several materials is used: for vibration absorption, sound insulation and sound absorption.

First you need to consider the benefits of high-quality sound insulation. Sound-absorbing materials should ideally provide:

• opportunity to relax and unwind;
• the absence of extraneous sounds that prevent you from concentrating on a particular lesson;
• complete sleep.

It is not possible to achieve 100% noise isolation, nor is it necessary. It is enough to reduce extraneous sounds to a level where they do not cause irritation and do not interfere with proper rest. Soundproofing materials will perfectly cope with this task.

It is known that noise is the sound vibrations of air. They are able to influence a person, and most often negatively.

Annoying sounds include:

• loud conversations behind the wall of flatmates;
• sounds of power tools during construction and repair work;
• activities of household appliances;
• extraneous noise from the street;
• operation of communication systems;
• many other actions unpleasant for our hearing.

Soundproofing materials, with which it will be possible to provide high-quality soundproofing of walls and partitions in a new building or a long-standing residential building, are diverse. These include polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, mineral wool and cork. You will learn about them in this article.

Styrofoam is a modern product for soundproofing an apartment or house. It is a foamed plastic gas-filled mass of white color.

Its main volume is occupied by gas, the density of which is much lower than the density of the polymer - the main raw material of the product. This is due to the high heat and sound insulation properties of the foam.

Specifications and properties of foam

Polyfoam is produced by both domestic and foreign manufacturers. The Knauf Corporation produces it by the non-pressing method from foamed polystyrene. Each cell consists of dense cells, and each cell contains 98% air and 2% polystyrene.

If you need foam, then as an example, you can use products that are made from environmentally friendly raw materials. A flame retardant is added to the composition, because such material:

• not amenable to combustion;
• not subject to decay;
• not afraid of exposure to microorganisms;
• has a high service life.

Styrofoam is one of the most popular for insulation of partitions in an apartment. First of all, this is due to its physico-chemical properties, safety and operation characteristics.

The table below describes the main parameters.

Thanks to modern technologies and equipment, it is now possible to produce foam plastic of various mechanical strength, density, and resistance to various types of impact. Products made from it are safe for humans, therefore they are widely used in the food industry; goods and products intended for our nutrition are packaged in it.

Polyfoam is widely used in other industries and has the following advantages:

• resistant to moisture and aging;
• it is not capable of being affected by microorganisms;
• it is easy to work with it, it is cut with a hand saw or a knife;
• easily sticks together with other materials intended for partitions and walls in an apartment or outside the house;
• easy to install.

Polyfoam is a waterproof material, but at the same time it has a high rate of breathability. The temperature at which it is located is not capable of adversely affecting the properties of the material. For example, at a temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, the foam will not change its properties over a long period.

Many developers, choosing materials for soundproofing in a residential area, opt for polystyrene foam. First of all, it is necessary to note its operational and technical properties:

1. Low thermal conductivity, due to which the air is evenly distributed inside the material.
2. Durability. Subject to all operating conditions, the foam will last a long time. Even with the passage of time, he is not able to change his properties.
3. Resistance to various destructions - weak acids, alkalis, moisture. It is important that the material is chemically neutral.

The industry produces GOST 15588-86 foam grades listed in the table.

And the indicators for physical and mechanical properties must comply with the GOST standards, which are indicated in the table below.

In order to install foam on the wall, use special glue or a dowel with a wide cap.

Let's consider the first option. Some experts prefer cement-based dry mixes, which are distinguished by their durability, reliability and high level of adhesion.

But you can also use aerosol polyurethane types in your work. The laying technology consists of the following steps:

1. The plates are laid on the starting bar, which is fixed along the perimeter of the surface to be treated. This is done with dowels, the pitch is 300-400 mm.
2. The surface must be clean, free of dust and dirt.
3. Break up the glue. There are exact instructions on the package: pour the mixture into cold water and stir with a construction mixer. Then the composition is left for 5 minutes, for maturation, and re-mixed.
4. Using a spatula, glue is applied to the plates, evenly distributing it around the perimeter and with a few slaps in the middle.
5. The foam is placed on the bar and pressed strongly in those places where the glue is located.
6. Care must be taken to ensure that there is no distortion of the plate. You can control this process using a level. Inaccuracies are corrected by light tapping with a hand or a hammer on the plate. But do not forget to do this through a wooden block so that the foam does not destroy.
7. Plates are laid horizontally from below. The next row is already performed in a checkerboard pattern, so that a dressing of the joints is formed.
8. The seams are filled with glue, the excess is removed with a spatula. Next, the glue is allowed to dry, sometimes it takes 2-3 days.

The second option makes it possible to fix the foam with a special dowel. It has a wide cap, which makes its contact with the surface significantly increased and it reliably presses the plate against the wall. A hole of the required depth is drilled in the wall with a puncher. There should be 5 such holes on the sheet - in the corners and in the middle.

The dowel should sink into the foam, and not protrude from it. Otherwise, when puttying, you will have to spend a lot of material. Just don't push too hard or the foam will crack.

Sometimes, for reliability, foam professionals stick it on the wall and fix each sheet with dowels. This method is common in cases where the surface of the wall is uneven. Then the glue is applied in the corners and in the center of the plate. Then the foam is pressed to the base. And then at the same points it is attracted by plastic dowels - "fungi", adjusting the evenness of the sheet along the plane and fixing it in a given position.

Many experts believe that foam is better suited for soundproofing partitions and walls. It is easy to install, does not require knowledge of special skills, is easily cut with a knife and lasts a long time.

Before starting a descriptive characterization of expanded polystyrene, it is necessary to distinguish between it and polystyrene. There is an opinion that this is the same sound-absorbing material, since the composition is identical - air and styrene (hydrogen + carbon).

So, the differences between polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam are as follows:

1. Different manufacturing technology - the first is produced by processing with dry steam, the second - by melting expanded polystyrene granules.
2. Differences in the characteristics of production methods.

Technical characteristics and properties of expanded polystyrene

This product is just as famous in construction as Styrofoam. Many people choose expanded polystyrene because it has:

1. High strength - the material never crumbles, bending resistance is 5-6 times higher than the foam. That is why it is better to use it in places that are sometimes subjected to mechanical stress, for example, for partitions in an apartment.
2. A high rate of sound insulation due to the presence of many voids in the polymer.
3. The density is several times higher than the parameters of the foam, so its weight is greater.

Expanded polystyrene is a material whose characteristics in some cases exceed the parameters of polystyrene. Despite this, the latter polymer is recommended for light duty applications where expensive materials are not required.

In accordance with GOST 30244-94, the fire hazard of raw polystyrene foam has a flammability class G4. So, its ignition can come from:

• match flame;
• blowtorch;
• oxy-fuel sparks.

The material stores energy from a heat source, propagates fire, and initiates flame amplification. The fire safety index depends on the additives that are used in the production of the material. The temperature regime of ignition is determined by the certification class.

Ordinary expanded polystyrene (G4) reaches 1200 ° C in a short time, and having special additives (flame retardants) in its composition, reduces the combustion temperature and corresponds to the G1 flammability class.

When Styrofoam burns, toxic smoke is produced. In ordinary material, it is 36 times larger in volume than in wood, in particular, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen bromide and other substances are released. And depending on the impurities that are part of the expanded polystyrene, the smoke acquires a different intensity and degree of release of harmful substances.

Expanded polystyrene products with flammability class G4 are not allowed for use in construction. Only material modified with special additives is used in the work. It is called self-extinguishing and has a flammability class G1. Domestic manufacturers mark it with the letter "C" (PSB-S).

To ensure high-quality sound insulation of partitions in rooms, it is recommended to pay attention to a polymer whose thickness is 2-3 cm. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account that soundproofing qualities will increase with increasing thickness. Before buying, break off a piece of material, if at the fracture site it has granules in the form of regular polyhedra, then the polymer is of high quality.

Consider in the table below the dimensions, volume and weight of expanded polystyrene sheets manufactured by Knauf Corporation:

Expanded polystyrene boards are considered one of the most affordable sound insulators on the construction market. They withstand loads of 6 t/m 2 , are easy to install and durable.

polyurethane foam

Soundproofing materials include material such as polyurethane foam. This is a type of plastic with a cellular foam structure. The composition of the material is dominated by a gaseous substance, the content of which varies from 85% to 90% of the total mass. The polymer consists of many thousands of cells, each of which is isolated from the others.

There are two types of polyurethane foam:

1. Foam rubber is an elastic type of the presented polymer, the density of which reaches from 5-35% per 1 m 3.
2. Rigid polyurethane foam available in over thirty grades (suitable for insulating indoor partitions).

The characteristics of rigid polyurethane foam used for soundproofing walls and partitions in rooms include:

• low thermal conductivity;
• light weight;
• high level of strength;
• no need to use fasteners;
• high anti-corrosion protection of metal structures;
• there are no cold bridges in this polymer;
• insulation can take various forms;
• proven environmental friendliness - in accordance with hygiene standards, it can be used in a food refrigerator.

Polymer sputtering is possible on many materials (in which its versatility is manifested) - on wood, glass surfaces, metal and other coatings. It does not matter the configuration of the surface. An important point is the resistance of the polymer to acid, the possibility of using it in the ground.

When working with polyurethane foam, it must be remembered that direct exposure to sunlight is not desirable for it.

The durability of PPU is 25-30 years, subject to the rules of use. Excellent climate-resistant parameters of the material, in particular its resistance to moisture, have been confirmed. According to the flammability class, it belongs to the categories G1-G4. The polymer contains flame retardants that prevent the spread of fire.

When exposed to open flame, the material tends to burn. But in its deep layers there is no flame propagation. This is explained by the cellular structure of the material and the fact that trichloroethyl phosphate, a fire retardant, is present in its composition. Therefore, this material of the G1 and G2 combustibility groups is allowed to be used in kindergartens and schools.

Polyurethane foam is also resistant to microorganisms and decay processes.

The physical properties of this material can be seen in the following table.

The popularity of such a building material is explained by the fact that specialists have the opportunity to get it right at the place of use. Liquid products, mixed in certain proportions, create a chemical reaction with simultaneous foaming. Which is sometimes very convenient and physically justified during construction processes.

Just remember that working with polyurethane foam requires specialized equipment and personal protective equipment.

If you are interested in information about polyurethane foam and all its properties, then in more detail this information can be found in the article ""

Basalt wool

Sound-absorbing materials include rock wool, also known as stone wool. It is used for soundproofing walls, decorative partitions and ceilings in the apartment. Products made from it are supplied in the form of slabs or rolls.

The table below shows the types of components and specifications.

The named material has a lot of advantages, among which thermal insulation stands out. This quality is confirmed by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, heat loss is the lowest of all heat insulators. In addition to the above qualities, there are a number of other advantages:

1. The material is not destroyed when exposed to aggressive environments or chemicals. Basalt wool does not externally change its appearance and does not lose its qualities. She is not afraid of fungi and microorganisms.
2. The durability of the material is guaranteed by the manufacturer, it reaches 30-40 years. True, experts say that a couple of decades can be added to this period. Its fibers are short, they are randomly located in basalt wool. And this provides high mechanical characteristics for many years of operation.
3. The structure of the material is not afraid of vibration.
4. Basalt wool tolerates ultraviolet radiation better than others.
5. Temperature fluctuations do not affect the technical characteristics of the material.
6. Basalt wool perfectly absorbs extraneous noise, loud and harsh sounds.

The table shows the sound absorption coefficients of some building materials.

The use of high-quality mineral wool cannot be a guarantee of reliable sound insulation, since the material is an integral element of a sound-absorbing structure, the construction of which must take into account proven techniques.

Mineral wool slabs with a synthetic binder are produced according to GOST 9573-96 and have the dimensions shown in the table.

The physical and mechanical properties of the material must comply with the following characteristics.

Products are labeled according to GOST 25880 with the obligatory indication of the time of issue and the symbol. Each package is labeled "Keep away from moisture" GOST 14192. Basalt wool is one of the non-combustible materials, therefore, when heated, it does not emit toxins or other harmful substances. An equally important indicator is the smoke-generating ability of basalt, which does not emit smoke. It is mounted quite simply - the plate fits between the profiles and keeps perfectly. You can also fix it with cement-based adhesive, as in the cases described above with foam or polystyrene foam.

Many people think that basalt wool is unhealthy. One can argue with this. It does not emit odors, its properties are similar to natural basalt stone. True, phenol and formaldehyde resins are used as binders, but if the necessary norms and requirements were observed during the production of the material, harmful substances remain in a bound state. Therefore, we can state the fact that basalt wool is harmless to human health and its environment.

An excellent option to solve the problem of soundproofing is to cover the walls with cork.

This coating is one of the environmentally friendly materials, since the material has a natural composition. The cork is able to retain heat, has reliability and durability. An equally important advantage is the aesthetic appearance.

On sale cork is found in two types:

1. Soundproof panels.
2. Rolls (film).

For its fastening to the walls, it is necessary to use an adhesive composition. The internal structure of the material is represented by a huge number of tiny bubbles that perfectly retain heat inside. In addition, this structure improves the acoustic picture in the rooms.

Soundproof panels have the following characteristics:

• light weight - the material is light, does not sink in water;
• elasticity - even after applying high pressure, the panel returns back to its original shape;
• tightness - due to the presence in the composition of the tree bark, the material becomes impervious to substances in the liquid and gaseous state;
• high rate of water resistance;
• hypoallergenic - the plate does not absorb dust, therefore it is not capable of provoking allergic reactions;
• fire resistance - it does not contribute to the spread of fire, in addition, when ignited, it does not emit toxins, which is confirmed SNiP 23-03-2003;
• the internal structure of the plate provides excellent soundproofing properties, so with its use it will be possible to ensure peace and tranquility in the house;
• durability due to the unique structure of soundproofing boards and their qualities - elasticity and elasticity. Even after a long period of time, the material will not lose its original properties.

Cork is a natural product, the link in which is made of polyurethane. The thickness of the plate depends on the variety - it varies from 0.6 to 1.2 mm. It is recommended to protect the material from prolonged exposure to sunlight. The ability of cork to dampen vibrations provides a significant reduction in noise in the room where it is used.

Soundproofing a room using cork is a great option for new builds that do not require the use of special materials to provide sound insulation. Cork can be used for walls, ceilings and decorative partitions, as evidenced by numerous expert reviews.

The characteristics of this material can be found in the table.

For a more detailed explanation, we studied this material and described our observations and research in the article ""

If you choose sound-absorbing materials for walls, decorative partitions or ceilings in a new building, then it is necessary to be based not only on the performance properties or advantages of a particular polymer, it is also recommended to pay attention to the technical properties of the product. The presented table includes a comparison of all the considered materials in technical terms. For the analogy, the following indicators were used: density, thermal conductivity, porosity, durability, operating temperature. Taking into account each of these parameters, you will make the right choice in favor of a particular product. Technical properties of soundproof materials

So, all of the listed soundproofing materials are able to show their qualities only in a properly assembled structure. They are distinguished by high parameters for each indicator, which determines the popularity of their use.

Everyone who lives in a house located in close proximity to highways, industrial enterprises, railways, etc. knows perfectly well what noise is and how much it affects the human nervous system. Noise is an inharmonious phenomenon, the chaos of sounds, their combinations cause irritation in people at best. defined in decibels (dB). Sanitary standards recommend noise levels within 40 dB during the day and 30 dB at night.

Soundproofing

The task of soundproofing is to reflect sound and prevent it from passing through the wall of the room. The characteristic structure of soundproofing materials creates an obstacle to the progress of sound and reflects it. The sound insulation of a wall and any other building structure is determined, first of all, by its mass - the more massive and thicker the wall, the more difficult it is for sound vibrations to shake it. The soundproofing ability of enclosing structures used in construction is evaluated by the value of the soundproofing index. The sound insulation index is measured in dB, and optimally it should be from 52 to 60 dB (for building envelopes). Soundproof materials include dense materials such as concrete, brick, drywall, and other materials that can reflect sound.

Sound absorption

The task of sound absorption is to absorb noise, not to allow it to be reflected from the barrier back into the room. Sound-absorbing materials have a fibrous, granular or cellular structure. The sound absorption characteristic is evaluated by the sound absorption coefficient. The sound absorption coefficient varies from 0 to 1. At a zero value of the sound absorption coefficient, the sound is completely reflected, at full sound absorption the coefficient is equal to one. Sound-absorbing materials include those that have a sound absorption coefficient of at least 0.4.

It is believed that people feel most relaxed with a noise of 25 dB, but if its value is below this value, then there is a feeling of ringing silence, which brings discomfort. Usually, up to 60 dB, a person reacts to noise tolerably, with prolonged exposure to noise of 90 dB, a person may experience a serious nervous breakdown: insomnia, hysteria and other diseases. Sound levels of 100 dB or more can cause hearing loss.

To protect against noise, various materials are used that create an obstacle in its path. The principle of choosing materials for protection against extraneous sounds depends on the task.

Sound absorption or suppression circuit

According to the degree of rigidity, sound-absorbing materials are: hard, soft, semi-rigid.

• Solid materials.

• produced on the basis of granulated or suspended mineral wool; materials containing porous aggregates such as pumice, expanded perlite, vermiculite. Sound absorption coefficient: 0.5. Bulk density: 300-400 kg/m3.
• Soft sound-absorbing materials are made on the basis of mineral wool or fiberglass; as well as cotton wool, felt, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.7 to 0.95. Bulk density: up to 70 kg/m3.
• Semi-rigid materials - these are mineral wool or fiberglass boards, materials with a cellular structure - polyurethane foam, etc. Sound absorption coefficient: from 0.5 to 0.75. Bulk density: from 80 to 130 kg/m3.

In private houses, it is more profitable to use materials that have a maximum sound absorption coefficient and less weight, that is, soft ones.

The choice of material for creating sound comfort in a room also depends on the nature of the sound itself. Operating electrical appliances, television, receiver, loud conversations, sounds from animals, sounds of cars, and so on create airborne noise. If there is an impact directly on the floors: drilling walls, hammering nails, walking, sound from rearranging furniture, etc., then we are talking about impact noise. When the load-bearing structures of the house are rigidly connected to each other without the use of soundproof elastic gaskets, then noise of any kind propagates through the structures of the house and turns into structural noise.

To combat impact noise, elastic materials are used, mainly with a closed cellular structure. And porous or fibrous, with a high sound absorption coefficient, cope with airborne noise. Structural noise can be combated by using cushioning material to protect the joints of the bearing elements.

Noise isolation of airborne noise

The main characteristic of materials for protection against airborne sound is sound insulation index (Rw), expressed in dB: in order for human speech not to be heard behind the wall, it must be at least 50 dB. Another feature - sound absorption coefficient: from 0 to 1. The closer the sound absorption coefficient is to 1, the higher the protective qualities of the material.

One of the ways to protect against the penetration of extraneous sounds can be the establishment of dense and massive walls and ceilings. It can be monolithic reinforced concrete, expanded clay and foam concrete blocks, etc. The main thing is that, together with the binder solution, they form a sealed structure without slots and holes. In one partition, a combination of several dense materials is possible in the presence of rigid connections between all structural elements: for example, a wall of pumice concrete blocks on a cement-sand mortar, lined with bricks. However, increasing the massiveness of walls and ceilings is a rather complicated and inefficient task, since a doubling of the mass of the structure leads to an increase in the sound insulation index by only a few decibels.

A more acceptable way to protect against airborne noise is to create a multi-layer structure consisting of several alternating layers of hard, dense and soft building materials.

Scheme of a multi-layer wall structure as an additional noise protection

Dense materials such as concrete, brick, drywall, etc. can be used as a hard layer. They exhibit sound-proofing properties, and the greater their density, the higher the sound insulation. The layer of soft material has a sound-absorbing function. As a sound-absorbing layer, materials with a fibrous structure are used: mineral wool, glass wool, silica fibers. In this case, the thickness of the sound-absorbing material in the structure matters, the effective thickness starts from 50 mm. The thickness of the absorbing layer must be at least 50% of the internal space of the partition.

Currently, the most effective materials with high sound absorption coefficients are mineral wool and fiberglass products.

glass wool

This material is based on fiberglass, has increased elasticity and strength, as well as high vibration resistance. Good sound absorption is due to the large number of voids between the fibers, which are filled with air. Its positive qualities include: fire safety - NG (non-combustible), low weight, elasticity, non-hygroscopicity, high vapor permeability, it is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Acoustic partitions are made from glass wool in the form of plates and rolls to create an intermediate soft layer in multilayer sound-absorbing structures.

Mineral wool

This is a fibrous material obtained from silicate melts of rocks, metallurgical slags and their mixtures.

Positive qualities: fire safety - non-combustible - NG; is chemically passive and does not cause corrosion of metals in contact with it. Good sound absorption is ensured by the fact that the fibers are arranged randomly in horizontal, vertical directions, at different angles to each other.

Note: DThe fiber length of mineral wool and glass wool is different: the average length of fiberglass is 5 cm, and the length of stone fiber is 1.5 cm. At the same time, glass wool is a lighter material (see table above).

You can increase the sound insulation of the floor with a device acoustic ceiling- multi-layer construction that will reduce the energy of the reflected sound and absorb the noise.

The air space between the ceiling and the ceiling plane is filled with sound-absorbing materials, for which pressed plates made of thin mineral fiber or glass fiber are used.

Multilayer panel

Recently, ready-made ZIPS soundproofing systems have been used for soundproofing. ZIPS structures are one of the effective means of additional sound insulation of a single-layer partition (brick, concrete wall, etc.). ZIPS consists of sandwich panels and finishing plasterboard cladding sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm. The sandwich panel consists of a combination of dense (gypsum fiber) and light layers (mineral wool or glass wool) of various thicknesses. Depending on the model, the thickness and type of material in the layer may vary. The advantages of the design include the absence of a metal frame, and fastening to the wall is carried out through special nodes that are made during the production of panels. The ends of the ZIPS panel system are adjacent to the side surfaces (floor, walls, ceiling) through vibration-isolating pads. Fire safety ZIPS - G1 (flammable material).

Laminated panel layout

The thickness of the ZIPS, depending on the model, can vary from 40 to 130 mm. Increasing the sound insulation index depending on the thickness of the structure: from 9 to 18 dB. Example: when using a four-layer ZIPS panel with a thickness of 70 mm, the total sound insulation index increases by 10 dB, that is, when fixing ZIPS with a thickness of 70 mm on a wall with a sound insulation index of 47 dB, the total sound insulation index rises to 57-58 dB, and if the ZIPS thickness is be 133 mm, then the overall sound insulation index rises to 63-65 dB.

Note: The condition for the applicability of ZIPS structures is the sufficient bearing capacity of the original partition, since the weight of one panel of size 1500x500 mm is from 18.5 to 21 kg, depending on the model.

Impact sound insulation

The materials used to isolate impact noise do not absorb the sound wave, but repel it, causing it to lose energy. To isolate from impact noise, porous materials with a low value of the dynamic modulus of elasticity are used, since the attenuation of the sound wave is explained by the fact that sound energy is spent on elastic deformations of the material.

One of the options for protection against impact noise is laying under the "finishing floor" gaskets made of soundproof materials. One of the important comparative characteristics of materials that protect against impact noise is impact noise reduction index Lnw.

Sheet pressed from natural cork chips

Examples: cork rolls of the company "IPOCORK" (Portugal). It has a thickness of 2 and 4 mm, sold in sheets with dimensions of 915 × 610 mm, and rolls. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 12 dB. The cost of technical roll cork 2 mm thick is $2/m2.

Other examples: plates of the CORKSRIBAS trademark, a roll stopper of "Cork Roll".

Polyethylene foam

Often manufacturers of laminates offer it complete with their products. In the construction industry, polyethylene foams (foamed polyethylene) are mainly used, having a density of 20 to 80 kg / m3.

Varieties of material:

• uncrosslinked polyethylene foam,has an unbound molecular structure (polymer molecules are not linked by chemical bonds).
• physically crosslinked polyethylene foam. It has a modified molecular structure, due to which soundproofing properties are increased.
• chemically crosslinked polyethylene foam. The method of chemical cross-linking of polyethylene foam strengthens the intermolecular bonds of polyethylene, and thereby increases the soundproofing properties.

Polyethylene is used in the installation of interfloor concrete screeds, floating floors (see below), as a substrate for parquet, laminate and other floor coverings; when sealing joints. Good contact with cement, concrete and other materials, resistant to most solvents, gasoline and oils. Fire safety - G2. Not resistant to UV radiation. Under prolonged loads, it loses up to 76% of its thickness, deteriorating its insulating properties over time. When moisture gets into the underfloor space, conditions are created for the spread of mold. Cost at a thickness of 3 mm. - 3 dollars / sq.m.

Examples of polyethylenes: "Izolon", "Izonel", "Pleneks", "Teploflex", "Porilex", "Energoflex", "Stizol", "Isocom", "Jermaflex", "Steinofon", "Isopenol", etc.

Cork-rubber backing

It is a mixture of granulated cork and synthetic rubber. The material reduces impact noise and dampens the vibration of electrical appliances. It can be used as an underlay for textile, elastic and rigid floor coverings, PVC/CV coverings, linoleum, parquet, finished parquet, ceramic tiles, natural stone slabs, as an underlay for stretched carpets. Fire safety - B2. Substrates based on a cork-rubber mixture need additional moisture insulation with a polyethylene film; in case of excessive moisture, they can be a breeding ground for mold.

Examples: UZIN-RR 188. Thickness - from 3 to 5 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is from 18 to 21 dB. Price (3mm) - 2 dollars / sq.m.

Another example: Ibola material (made in Germany). This is a substrate consisting of pressed cork and rubber granules.

Bitumen-cork substrate

It is made on the basis of kraft paper impregnated with bitumen and sprinkled with cork chips. It is laid with cork dressing down, and, thanks to this, moisture will be removed from under the laminate. Waterproofing is not required. Fire safety - G1. Bituminous impregnation gets dirty when laying, cork crumbs can fly off the canvas, and the substrate can rot if it is excessively wet.

Examples: Parkolag material from ICOPAL (Denmark, Finland). The weight of the roll is slightly more than 10 kg. Thickness - 3 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 18 dB. Price - 3.5 dollars / m2.

composite material

Composite is a multicomponent material. It consists of two layers of polyethylene film, between which there are expanded polystyrene granules. The top film, made of polyethylene, protects the flooring from moisture. The lower film allows moisture to pass into the space between the films, from where it is brought out along the perimeter of the room through expansion joints, and thus the space is ventilated. During operation, the composite substrate is almost not deformed, it is durable (20 years). The installation of the composite substrate is carried out by the method of free laying, without the use of adhesives. Fire safety - NG.

Examples: Tuplex by TUPLEX (Finland). It is a new generation insulating material, many flooring manufacturers (UPOFLOOR, TARKETT, KARELIA, KAHRS) use it together with their products. Thickness 3 mm. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is 18-20 dB. Price - 3 dollars / m2.
Other examples: TermoZvukoIzol material; composite "Vibrofilter" (synthetic rubber and aluminum foil).
Materials such as extruded polystyrene foam and special soundproof films can also be used as substrates.

Extruded polystyrene foam

The coating has a high compressive strength (0.32 MPa) and low water absorption - 0.1%, which means that moisture protection is not needed. Easy to use: easy to cut, easy and quick to lay with little waste, the cost of work is minimized Durability - 50 years. Fire safety - G1.

An example is Foamboard-5000 from FASAD STROY (Russia), in sheets with a thickness of 2, 3.5 cm. The reduction index of the reduced level of impact noise is 25 dB. Price (2 cm) -1.1 USD / m2.
Another example: extruded polystyrene foam brand FOMBORD; polystyrene extrusion plates "TISplex" (TU 2244-009-55182353-2007).
Also apply cushioning materialstype "Shumanet-100". With a thickness of 3 mm when laying under a screed with a thickness of 60 mm, the reduction index of the reduced level of impact noise is 23 dB. The material "Shumanet -100C" with a thickness of 5 mm has an index of reduced impact noise reduction of 27 dB. The material "Shumostop - C2" made of staple fiberglass with a thickness of 20 mm has an impact noise reduction index of 42 dB. When laying against walls, it is recommended to leave gaps of 10-15 mm to ensure the removal of moisture.

Note: When insulating impact noise, the thickness of the ceiling must be taken into account. In elite housing, the rate of the impact noise reduction index is 55 dB. If the floor slab has a thickness of at least 200 mm (index - 74 dB), then a substrate with an index of 20 dB is sufficient. If the floors are thinner, then the sound insulation must be reinforced.

Impact sound protection option: create a multi-layer structure - .
The floating floor structure is a layer of sound-absorbing material covered with a concrete screed with a thickness of at least 6 cm; substrate and finish.
Values impact noise reduction index Lnware quite high for thin (3-4 mm) cushioning materials of the substrate. And in order to block access to airborne noise, a layer of sound-absorbing material (for example, made of mineral wool) with a thickness of at least 50 mm is required.
The soundproofing substrate can be made of various materials.

There are also ready-made floating floor structures, they have among the layers a polystyrene sheet with a thickness of 20-30 mm, their impact noise reduction index Lnw is 20-30 dB.

Noise isolation of structural noise

To avoid the transmission of structural noise along the supporting structures, cushioning material is used to protect the joints of the supporting elements.

fiberglass

Isolation of structural noise is provided due to the elastic properties of the porous-fibrous structure of the material. Gaskets are used in building structures during the installation of the ZIPS panel system, frame soundproof partitions and cladding, as well as wooden floors and ceilings. When installing ZIPS sandwich panels, the gasket is laid in two layers at the points of their support on the floor, as well as at the points of contact of the panels with the side walls and ceiling. When installing frame partitions and claddings, gaskets are used between frame profiles, fasteners and load-bearing building structures, at the junction of sheathing sheets of a partition or cladding to other building structures. When installing wooden floors and floors, it is laid under the logs and under the floor beams in the places of their support on the walls. In this case, the width of the strip of material on each side should be 10 mm greater than the width of the log or beam. The ends of the beams resting on the walls must also be isolated from hard contact with other building structures using gaskets.

Examples: tape gasket for structural noise insulation Vibrostek M. Impact noise reduction index - up to 29 dB . Cost: 6 USD/m2.
Other examples: soundproofing substrate VIBROSTEK-V300 is used as an elastic soundproofing substrate; Fiberglass PSH-T 550 used in individual construction. Mats MTP-AS-30 / 50 stitched from super-thin fiberglass.

Vibroacoustic sealant

Provides high vibration isolation of joints between building structures, reduces the spread of structural noise through them. It is used for filling joints in floating floor constructions, ZIPS panel system, framed soundproof partitions and linings. The material does not cause metal corrosion, it adheres well to most building materials - concrete, brick, plaster, glass, enamel, metals, ceramics, plastics, varnished or painted wood. Resistant to UV radiation. The cured sealant is odorless and safe to handle. But while working with it, you need to avoid getting the sealant into the eyes and skin, and work in ventilated areas.

Examples: vibrosealant Vibrosil, designed for sealing joints and connections in soundproof structures. The cost of a 300 ml cartridge is $5.5/m2.
Other examples: Sealant Bostik 3070 from cork chips (Schrot) and elastic binder; Vibroacoustic sealant SYLOMER; vibration-absorbing mastic.

Elastomeric materials

Elastomeric materials have been developed to reduce the level of noise and vibration transmitted from various sources to elements of building structures, as well as to protect premises from structural noise coming from outside. Elastomeric gaskets are used along the perimeter of the doors to isolate them from structure-borne noise, providing a high level of sound absorption. The gasket adheres well to most materials: wood, plastic, metal. The term of work is up to 7 years. The reduction index of the reduced impact noise level is up to 22 dB.

Examples: gaskets with a self-adhesive base Varnamo (Sweden) made of EPDM foam rubber. Gaskets are available in packages of various lengths: 6, 16 and 24 meters. The cost of the tape 6 m - 1.8 dollars.
Other examples: Elastomeric vibration damping plates (VEP) according to TU 2534-001-32461352-2002; ArmaSound - an elastomeric sound insulator manufactured by Armacell (Germany); SYLOMER® from the Austrian company Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH are microporous polyurethane elastomers with a mixed cell structure.

Silica fiber cushioning material

It is used in sound-absorbing and sound-insulating structures where there are high requirements for fire safety. Silica fiber products have good environmental performance: they do not contain carcinogenic, asbestos and ceramic fibers, as well as thin fibers with a diameter of less than 6 microns, and do not pose a danger to breathing. Silica fiber material is used at the joints of the load-bearing elements of the building structure.

Examples: rolled silica fiber Supersil 6 mm thick. Impact noise reduction index Lnw 27 dB . Cost - 9 dollars / meter
Other examples: Vibrosil-K (Russia); trademarks Supersil, Supersilika and Silibas (Russia); Ekowoo silica fiber mats.
It should be noted that not all manufacturers provide enough information on the materials they produce, so we considered only those brands for which information is available. We are also unable to verify the reliability of this information, therefore, it is on the conscience of the manufacturers.

I would like to note that the presence of the highest quality soundproofing materials in your home does not guarantee sound comfort. It is very important to arrange them correctly in the desired design, so it is worth inviting acoustic specialists who will create a comfortable sound atmosphere for you.

Attention: Prices are valid for 2009.