How to make a vibrating plate with a gasoline engine with your own hands. Homemade vibrating plate and vibrating rail Do-it-yourself vibrating plate shaft

We make a manual roller weighing 100-200 kg. for rolling asphalt or soil under the lawn with your own hands. You can make it from 300 mm. in the diameter of the pipe or, if under the lawn, from the gas cylinder.

We need this tool:

Electric welding, grinder.

We need the following material:

1 meter pipe 300 mm. or gas cylinder, 50 mm. corner 2 meters, 2 bearings, shaft for bearings 10 cm, 30 mm. pipe 2.5 meters, 2 pieces of 5 mm. metal 30x30 cm, sand or screenings, electrodes, cutting and grinding wheels.

Do-it-yourself manual roller from a pipe:

Such a roller is suitable for both asphalt compaction and soil compaction for lawn. We weld 1 piece of metal 30x30 to one side of the pipe, cut off the excess, and the metal should not be larger than the circumference of the pipe, scald well and grind. We turn the pipe over and pour sand into it, while ramming it well. Here we also weld a piece of metal, cut and grind. On one side, you can make a threaded plug, in case the sand in the rink is better compacted, you can add more. We drive the shaft 5 cm into the bearings and weld it. From the corner we make a pe-shaped frame 0.4x1.1x0.4 and weld the outer parts of the bearings to the edges. We calculate the center of the pipe circumference and weld the shaft, which is welded to the bearing. It is possible, of course, without a bearing, by drilling holes in the corner and inserting the shaft, but it will be harder to push. Now in the middle of the pe-shaped frame we weld 30 mm. a pipe of 2 meters and at its end we weld a half-meter piece of pipe, this will be a handle. It is possible to strengthen the seam of the pipe by welding spacers from the reinforcement to the frame. All our ice rink is ready. When rolling asphalt, do not forget to lubricate the roller with diesel fuel so that the asphalt does not stick.

Do-it-yourself manual roller from a gas cylinder:

This roller will be light and suitable only for compacting soil under the lawn. In principle, we do everything the same here, only we need to prepare a balloon. First you need to completely bleed the remaining gas and drain the gasoline away from the fire, because. it's explosive. Then unscrew the valve from the cylinder and fill it with water, drain and fill again, drain and leave for a couple of days to ventilate. Pour water at a level of 1 meter and cut off the top that we do not need. You also need to sand the seam on the cylinder so that it does not leave any marks when rolling.

You do not have sufficient rights to add comments.
You may need to register on the site.

I must say that the problem of how to manually tamp rubble can be quite relevant in private construction.

No, of course, we are not talking about global projects, such as, for example, ramming a crushed stone cushion under the foundation of a house with an area of ​​over 100 square meters. m. here you will definitely need special tools in the form of an asphalt roller or a building vibrating plate, since the amount of work is too large, and it will resemble a “manual sunset”. Let's talk about small forms: a parking lot in the country, a path in the garden, or the like. When you can really cope - and this is real and verified by the experience of many - on your own, without resorting to the help of expensive teams!

How to manually compact crushed stone? The problem is not easy: in a sense, physically.

Its technical resolution has several options, invented by our mighty inventive and savvy people. We’ll talk about them in today’s article, but first, about some general principles of tamping.

Why do you need to ram gravel?

Frankly, the problem is quite interesting and not entirely clear to some.

And among beginners in the construction business, this is the most common question. It would seem that he covered the surfaces with this durable and strong material, leveled it and that's it - you can cover it with a final coating, what can happen, because a stone is a stone?
But not everything is so simple. As you know, crushed stone is not a simple, natural stone (like gravel), but artificially crushed. It is durable, but has sharp corners due to the technology of its production.

Thus, additional tamping of the material creates a tighter fit of individual fractional fragments to each other, and excessive voids between them disappear or are reduced in volume. This creates an additional margin of stacking strength.

Let's hear the opinions of professionals. They confirm that tamping of crushed stone during construction is a must.

Exceptions may be such options when the natural soils on which the work is carried out are rocky. Then it will be sufficient to carefully level the rubble before the subsequent laying of concrete, tiles or asphalt on it. In all other cases, the idea is this: crushed stone as a base should not just lie in the ground, but form with it such a mixture compacted by tamping with dense filling of the cracks between the fractional fragments with soil.

The thickness can vary for various purposes from 50 to 250 or more mm (this depends on what load the final coating will experience in the future). Now that with the theory - why tamping is necessary - more or less everything is clear, we move on, so to speak, to practical exercises.

Manual rammer

When a vibrating plate and a roller are not at hand, tamping tools can be made by hand.

But we repeat, these mechanisms, set in motion by the muscular strength of a person, invented by craftsmen, are relevant only for tamping not too large fragments of surfaces, or those that subsequently will not experience too powerful loads on themselves.

There are quite a few options on how to make a device for manual tampering. The simplest one looks like this. We take a wooden beam with a section of at least 100x100 mm, or better - 150x150, then we get a wider grip on the rammed surface.

The height of the beam should be convenient for work (usually - about the chest of the person performing the tamping).

From a bar rounded 50x50 mm we make handles, which we nail to the base with nails and fasteners made of iron or galvanized sheet. We also sheathe the bottom of the fixture with a galvanized sheet to increase strength.

In principle, the simplest device, probably known back in the time of the pharaohs, is ready for use. Of course, the surface area for tamping was not too large for him, but with free time and desire, they can even tamp a crushed stone pillow under the foundation, for example, of a small outbuilding.

True, it will take more time and effort than when using a gasoline vibrating plate, but as an option, it is actually quite widely used.

Using such a manual mechanism is quite simple, however, a certain physical preparation is required, because you really get tired.

Making your own lawn roller

We lift the device by the handles and forcefully lower it, for example, onto a garden path covered with rubble. We repeat the movement many times, moving in a given direction.

Thus, you need to go all the way several times.

One note: There are many variants of such a device. There are more durable ones made of a metal pipe of about the same diameter with a metal “leg” welded to the base.

True, this design creates too much vibration when used (which, for example, a wooden device dampens), and then work should be done with special gloves.

Do-it-yourself ice rink

The same applies to a manual asphalt roller, which is also used with might and main for compacting small fractions of crushed stone (especially for various track options).

It is not difficult to make it, in the presence of a grinder and a welding machine, as well as certain materials. We cut a metal pipe with a diameter of at least 30 cm to a length of a meter. On the one hand, we brew with a metal sheet and cut it in a circle with a grinder. Exactly in the middle of the sheet there should be a hole for attaching the handle later.

We turn the pipe over with the open end up and pour sand inside. We also weld the other end with a sheet and cut it around the circumference.

We put a handle from a curved pipe on the device for manual tampering. It turned out to be a universal device that, due to its weight, can be used for compacting small gravel, and for laying asphalt in the yard, and for sand and soil to make them denser. Using it is quite easy, but it will also require some skill and good physical development from you.

More options

If, for example, you need to tamp a small area for parking your car in the country, then you can use the following method, invented by the people and successfully used, since there is nothing particularly complicated in the technology.

So, we scatter crushed stone over the territory measured in advance and marked with pegs (be sure to leave some of it for backfilling).

Level with a shovel so that the layer is the same thickness everywhere. Then we sit behind the wheel of a car and methodically begin to park in the future parking lot in various places - either in the center, then to the left, then to the right, then sideways - trying to cover the space covered with rubble as much as possible. We do the procedure many times (20, 30, 50) until we make sure that the rubble is compacted over the entire plane by the weight of the car.

Shallow ruts may appear in some places. We pour pre-prepared crushed stone into them and continue. Here is such a simple, but effective way, however, not entirely manually obtained, but using the weight of your car.

Crushed stone compaction coefficient: how is the bulk density of granite and gravel calculated

The compaction coefficient of any bulk material shows how much it is possible to reduce its volume with the same mass due to tamping or natural shrinkage. This indicator is used to determine the amount of aggregate both during the purchase and in the actual construction process.

Since the bulk density of crushed stone of any fraction after tamping will increase, it is necessary to immediately lay down a supply of material. And in order not to buy too much, a correction factor is useful.

1. What is the degree of tamping?
2. Sealing during transport and on site
3. Laboratory tests
4. Self-determination of the indicator

What does it affect?

The compaction coefficient (Ku) is an important indicator that is needed not only for the correct formation of an order for materials.

Knowing this parameter for the selected fraction, it is possible to predict further shrinkage of the gravel layer after loading it with building structures, as well as the stability of the objects themselves.

Since the tamping ratio is the degree of volume reduction, it varies under the influence of several factors:

Loading method and parameters (for example, from what height is backfilling performed).

2. Features of transport and the duration of the journey - after all, even in a stationary mass, a gradual compaction occurs when it sags under its own weight.

3. Fractions of crushed stone and the content of grains of smaller size than the lower limit of a particular class.

4. Flakiness - needle-shaped stones do not give as much draft as cuboid ones.

The strength of concrete structures, building foundations and road surfaces depends on how accurately the degree of compaction was determined.

However, do not forget that ramming on the site is sometimes performed only on the top layer, and in this case the calculated coefficient does not quite correspond to the actual shrinkage of the pillow.

This is especially true for home craftsmen and semi-professional construction teams from neighboring countries. Although, according to the requirements of technology, each layer of backfill must be rolled and checked separately.

Another nuance is that the degree of compaction is calculated for a mass that is compressed without lateral expansion, that is, it is limited by walls and cannot spread.

At the site, such conditions for backfilling any fraction of crushed stone are not always created, so a small error will remain. Take this into account when calculating the settlement of large structures.

Transport seal

Finding some standard compressibility value is not so easy - too many factors affect it, as we talked about above. The crushed stone compaction coefficient can be indicated by the supplier in the accompanying documents, although GOST 8267-93 does not directly require this.

But the transport of gravel, especially large quantities, reveals a significant difference in volumes at loading and at the end point of material delivery. Therefore, a correction factor that takes into account its compaction must be entered into the contract and controlled at the point of reception.

The only mention by the current GOST is that the declared indicator, regardless of the fraction, should not exceed 1.1. Suppliers, of course, know about this and try to make a small margin so that there are no returns.

The measurement method is often used during acceptance, when crushed stone for construction is brought to the site, because it is ordered not in tons, but in cubic meters.

With the arrival of transport, the loaded body must be measured from the inside with a tape measure in order to calculate the volume of delivered gravel, and then multiply it by a factor of 1.1. This will allow you to roughly determine how many cubes were loaded into the machine before shipment. If the figure obtained taking into account the compaction is less than that indicated in the accompanying documents, then the car was underloaded.

Equal or greater - you can command unloading.

Site compaction

The above figure is taken into account only during transportation.

In the conditions of a construction site, where crushed stone is compacted artificially and with the use of heavy machines (vibrating plate, roller), this coefficient can increase to 1.52.

How to make a compactor

And performers need to know the shrinkage of the gravel backfill for sure.

Usually the required parameter is specified in the project documentation. But when the exact value is not needed, they use the average indicators from SNiP 3.06.03-85:

• On strong crushed stone of fraction 40-70, a compaction of 1.25-1.3 is given (if its grade is not lower than M800).
• For rocks with a strength of up to M600 - from 1.3 to 1.5.

For fine and medium size classes of 5-20 and 20-40 mm, these indicators have not been established, since they are more often used only when the upper bearing layer is ripped from 40-70 grains.

Laboratory research

The compaction factor is calculated based on laboratory test data, where the mass is subjected to compaction and testing on various fixtures.

There are methods here:

1. Substitution of volumes (GOST 28514-90).

2. Standard layer-by-layer compaction of crushed stone (GOST 22733-2002).

Express methods using one of three types of density meters: static, water balloon or dynamic.

Results can be obtained immediately or after 1-4 days, depending on the selected study.

One sample for a standard test will cost 2500 rubles, in total they will need at least five. If data is needed during the day, express methods are used based on the results of the selection of at least 10 points (850 rubles each).

for each). Plus, you will have to pay for the departure of a laboratory assistant - about 3 thousand more. But in the construction of large facilities, one cannot do without accurate data, and even more so without official documents confirming that the contractor complies with the requirements of the project.

How to find out the degree of tamping yourself?

In the field and for the needs of private construction, it will also be possible to determine the required coefficient for each size: 5-20, 20-40, 40-70.

But for this, you first need to know their bulk density. It varies depending on the mineralogical composition, albeit slightly. The crushed stone fractions have a much greater influence on the volumetric weight. For the calculation, you can use averaged data:

More accurate density data for a particular fraction is determined in the laboratory.

Or by weighing a known volume of building rubble, followed by a simple calculation:

• Bulk weight = mass / volume.

After that, the mixture is rolled to the state in which it will be used on the site, and measured with a tape measure. Again, the calculation is made according to the above formula, and as a result two different densities are obtained - before and after tamping. By dividing both numbers, we find out the compaction coefficient specifically for this material. With the same sample weight, you can simply find the ratio of the two volumes - the result will be the same.

Please note: if the indicator after tamping is divided by the initial density, the answer will be more than one - in fact, this is the material safety factor for compaction.

In construction, they are used if the final parameters of the gravel cushion are known and it is necessary to determine how much crushed stone of the selected fraction to order. The reverse calculation results in a value less than one. But these figures are equivalent, and in the calculations it is only important not to get confused which one to take.

Do-it-yourself manual rammer for soil compaction

On the farm, there is often a need to compact soil or crushed stone in a small area. For example, you need to repair the path, raise the floor in the barn, or fix the fence posts.

A hastily put together hand tamper does not last long and is usually sent after the rest of the construction debris. Do not waste time and effort every time, set aside two hours and make a good tool for compacting the soil with your own hands.

Materials used

A suitable material for a homemade manual rammer is a square beam with a side of 100 or 150 mm. A round log will not work well in the corners and will have to be compacted with a significant overlap of the previous impact.

It is not necessary to take new lumber, a used bar will do.

The main thing is that the wood is free of rot and splits. Choose a piece of timber that you can lift. The height of the manual rammer can be waist or chest height - proceed from ease of use. In the absence of experience with this tool, take a longer bar, try it in action and shorten it if necessary.

Drawing of a manual rammer for soil compaction.

You will also need:

1. A piece of 2mm steel plate.
2. Round birch stick 450 mm long (an old shovel handle will do).
3. Wood screws.
4. Joiner's glue.

Materials for the manufacture of manual soil compaction.

Prepare the timber

Saw off the ends of the workpiece according to the dimensions exactly at a right angle.

Use a planer to fit the planes of the lower end of the beam under the square. Remove 5 mm wide chamfers from sharp edges.

We are preparing a timber for tamping.

Decide how high quality finish you want to see.

For painting, the bar will have to be sharpened and sanded. When a beautiful view is not needed, it is enough to clean the surface a little so that there are no splinters.

Make a shoe

Transfer the workpiece dimensions from the drawing to the steel sheet.

Cut out the plates for the shoe.

You can simply align the timber vertically mounted on the metal and circle the outline with a pencil.

We make a soil compactor shoe.

Depending on the thickness of the plate, cut the workpiece with metal scissors or cut out the excess with a grinder.

Remove the burrs with a file, holding the part in a vise.

Mark and drill holes for the screws, make recesses for the caps with a countersink or a larger diameter drill.

Sand the surface with sandpaper.

Shoe for ramming.

Bend the wings of the workpiece in a vise, which will be easy to do with the first two opposite sides.

Do-it-yourself lawn roller

When bending the two remaining sides, the jaws of the vise may be wider than the shoe, then use a bar prepared for tamping.

Fasten the shoe

Check the fit of the steel pad on the beam, if necessary, knock out the metal or undermine the wood.

The shoe should fit snugly against the end face in all planes.
Make holes for the screws in one wing with a drill, directing the drill at a slight inclination into the wood, and tighten the screws.

We fasten the shoe to the prepared beam.

Turn the beam over to the opposite side and fasten the other wing in the same way.

Make sure that the shoe does not move away from the end.

When drilling subsequent holes, direct them past the already screwed screws.

Shoe attached to a manual rammer.

Set the handle

Mark the center of drilling at a distance of 100 mm from the top end.

Pick up a spade drill with a diameter of 2 mm less than the cross section of the handle. Make a through hole perpendicular to the surface of the beam.

We make a hole for the rammer handle.

Even with careful drilling, the outer parts of the hole will be slightly larger than the inner diameter.

Sharpen the wood with a file, periodically trying to insert the handle into place.

At the same time, correct the possible skew of the hole relative to the plane of the beam.

Achieve a tight (but without significant effort) entry of the handle, if necessary, slightly chip the stick. Do not try to hammer the handle with a hammer - the wood may crack. Place the stick in the timber and mark it.

Installation of the handle on the rammer for soil.

Apply glue to the walls of the hole.

Put the pen on the marks and wipe off excess glue.

Drill a pilot hole and secure the handle with a long screw.

Fixing the handle on the rammer.

Photo of a homemade manual rammer for soil.

After use, clean the device from dust and store it in a place protected from rain and snow.

Over time, the bottom of the rammer wears out, monitor the condition of the metal lining and change it in a timely manner.

When laying pavement layers from loose materials such as sand, sand-gravel mixture or crushed stone, it is necessary to carefully compact the layer using road rollers.

The roller is a road construction machine designed for soil compaction and layer-by-layer compaction of layers of pavement from bulk materials. Rollers are used in road and airfield construction, in the construction of hydraulic facilities and railways.

The principle of operation of rollers may vary, depending on this, the principle used to compact this or that type of material also differs.

The compaction can be static, i.e. only the weight of the roller itself is used. If the roller is vibratory, the vibration of the working compacting body is added to the weight of the machine, which increases the efficiency of rolling the material.

There are trailed and self-propelled rollers. The working bodies of the rollers - rollers are also of several types: cam, smooth steel, lattice and on pneumatic rubber tires, single-drum, two-roll and three-roll.

But there is one characteristic that is basic for all types of skating rinks - this is their weight. But the large weight of the roller does not mean that it is an effective compaction of the material.

If the material used in construction is crushed stone, then a number of features must be taken into account when compacting it. Usually, in the construction of roads, crushed stone of small fractions is used: 2-10 mm and large - from 40 mm to 70 mm.

A finer one (wedge) is poured over the surface of the coarse fraction, and in the process of rolling, the penetration of smaller grains of crushed stone between the larger ones is formed. There is a so-called spell.

When the roller passes through the crushed stone layer, due to friction, the upper layer begins to shift and waves or swells can form on the surface of the crushed stone base. Thus, to form an absolutely even and compacted surface, the cyclic load must be applied repeatedly.

When compacting the crushed stone layer of pavement, it is important to choose the optimal weight of the rink itself.

If the weight of the road machine is too high, the compacted layer may be pressed through and the underlying layers of the pavement may be deformed, which, of course, is unacceptable.

To compact a layer of crushed stone from less durable rocks, such as limestone, it is more efficient to use rollers on pneumatic tires or not too heavy weights.

Lawn device - is a skating rink really necessary?

Under heavy smooth rollers, weak, fragile gravel may begin to crumble. It should be noted that when compacting the crushed stone layer with rollers on pneumatic tires, it is allowed to increase the speed of the passage of such a roller, in comparison with a smooth-roller one.

The speed of the roller in the operating mode can vary from 2 km/h. up to 12 km/h The first passes over the crushed stone layer are made at minimum speed, and after preliminary compaction, the operator increases the speed.

Also in the case of a roller with pneumatic tires, the tire pressure on the last passes can be increased.

Before compaction and in the process of compacting the crushed stone layer, it is necessary to moisten the material with water (from 10 l to 25 l in each stage of rolling).

Compaction of crushed stone with rollers is divided into three stages:

1 - stage: 3 - 6 passes of the rink along one track;

2 - stage: 10 - 40 passes;

Stage 3: 10 - 20 passes.

After rolling, the heavy roller should not leave any marks on the surface of the crushed stone layer.

Empirically, summarizing many years of experience in the construction of crushed stone layers, the optimal parameters of the rollers (mass, type), which ensure maximum compaction of the layer, as well as their operating modes (static, vibration, high-speed) depending on the rock, strength and grain composition of crushed stone, and also the layer thickness.

It has been established that a sign of complete compaction of the layer is the absence of a trace from the passage of a heavy smooth roller in a static mode.

The crushed stone thrown under the roller is crushed. The above method of control is today the only one standardized by the relevant technical documents.

It should be noted that this method is of a qualitative nature, therefore, all the years attempts have been made to find a quantitative method for assessing the degree of layer compaction.

Previously, the so-called "hole method" was proposed to control the density of the built crushed stone layer. The essence of the method is to measure the mass and volume of crushed stone taken out of the hole in the constructed layer.

From the measured values, the density is calculated, which can be compared with the density of the first built section of the layer of the same material using the same rollers.

The absence of a standard density, as well as the complexity of the method, did not allow it to be used in construction practice.

There are known attempts to equip the rollers with various sensors, which were supposed to record the degree of compaction of the rolled layer. So far, such methods have not found practical use in the construction of crushed stone layers.

There are proposals for assessing the quality of crushed stone layer compaction by determining its bearing capacity.

It should be said that the methods for determining the bearing capacity are normalized by BSN 46-83 and are described in this instruction and involve two methods: measuring the deflection of the constructed structure under the wheel of a truck with a deflection gauge or measuring the deflection of the constructed structure loaded through a stamp of standard diameter from the pressure of a truck. Based on the measured deflection, the total modulus of elasticity of the constructed structure is calculated (crushed stone + sand + earth.

canvas). If you ask or also measure the deflection of the underlying sandy layer and subgrade, then you can calculate the actual modulus of elasticity of the crushed stone layer according to VSN 46-83 and compare it with the calculated (normative). As can be seen from the above, these proposals for quality control of compaction are laborious and in their pure form do not show the density of the controlled crushed stone layer.

In recent years, dynamic deflection meters have been developed and are increasingly being used, which measure the deflection of a constructed structure loaded by the impact of a falling weight on a stamp mounted on the structure under test.

This method is more efficient than the methods described above for determining the deflection according to VSN 46-83. However, the device is very expensive, and when calculating the elastic modulus of the test layer, it has the same disadvantages as those described above. Therefore, its most appropriate area of ​​application is the assessment of the quality of the entire constructed structure (crushed stone-sand-soil). An analysis of the known proposed methods for assessing the quality of a crushed stone layer made it possible to develop a reliable, simple, lightweight and cheap device for quantitative control of the degree of compaction of a crushed stone layer under construction.

The above distinctive features make it possible to say about the possibility of its use in all field road construction laboratories. Below are its parameters and test results.

The device was developed by Federal State Unitary Enterprise Soyuzdor Research Institute in collaboration with CJSC Dorstroypribor and is designed to control the density (quality of compaction) of crushed stone layers of pavement.

The operation of the device is based on a loaded and flat stamp installed on the surface of the tested layer of material, by impacts of a freely falling load.

The value of the rebound of the falling weight from the surface of the compacted layer was taken as the controlled parameter characterizing the degree of compaction of the material layer.

When working with the device, it is necessary to install the stamp 8 of the device on a crushed stone base.

Having moved the load to the uppermost position, fix it with the load locking handle 2. Then, using the vertical handle 1, press the stamp against the crushed stone base to be tested and release the load locking handle. The weight falls freely on the anvil. The size of the load rebound is fixed with a rebound locking tongue.

All the main parameters of the device (die diameter, load weight, load lifting height, spring stiffness, load rebound height registration system) were established empirically.

The criterion for selecting the parameters of the device was to ensure the required sensitivity of the device to the measured parameter (the degree of compaction - the stiffness of the crushed stone layer), the reliability of measurements and the creation of a device of minimum weight and the simplest design.

The diameter of the device stamp, equal to 150 mm, was chosen on the basis of the need to fulfill two conditions: first, the diameter of the stamp exceeds the maximum size of the crushed stone by 2-3 times, which allows us to consider the well-known condition that the device measures the elasticity of the layer, and not an individual crushed stone; the second is based on the well-known theoretical principles that the dynamic load is transmitted through the stamp to a depth of 1.5-3.0 diameters, which in our case is 22.5-45 cm and corresponds to the actual thicknesses of the crushed stone layers being arranged.

The mass of the weight is 2.5 kg, the lifting height is 45 cm, and the applied spring stiffness is established experimentally, based on providing the necessary sensitivity of the device from the dynamic - kinetic energy it creates when the weight hits the stamp through the spring and the elastic characteristics of the measured crushed stone layer.

Several systems for registering the rebound height of a load have been tested.

The most reliable and simple one was chosen.

The use of the device makes it possible to establish a quantitative assessment of the degree of compaction of the layer and its relationship with the requirements of SNiP 3.06.03-85. The results of assessing the degree of compaction in accordance with the requirements of SNiP are given in the table.

At each measurement point, five determinations of the rebound height of the striker (load) of the device are carried out without displacement of the device stamp. The first two measurements in the calculation of the average rebound are not used, because.

at the first blow
there is a change in the contact of the lower surface of the stamp of the device with the tested surface of the crushed stone
grounds. The last three measurements are used to determine the arithmetic mean value of the rebound of the falling weight of the device, which characterizes the quality of compaction of the test layer.

Due to the fact that the rebound value of the density meter load for different materials is not the same, it is necessary to determine the required rebound value of a particular material on the first experimental section of the base before starting construction.

Lawn roller - do it yourself

This determined rebound value will further characterize the compliance of compaction of the base sections with the requirements of SNiP 3.06.03-85.

Home craftsmen perform construction work as economically as possible. In this case, a pre-assembled home-made tool helps. Components for it are usually selected from improvised materials. Recently, an assembled do-it-yourself vibrating plate with an electric motor has been in demand. It is used for laying paving slabs, compacting fine soil, in the process of laying the foundation.

The main components of the vibrating plate design

Before you make a vibrating plate on your own in a garage environment, you will need to prepare a diagram or even make drawings to scale to simplify further assembly. The main components in the design are the following parts:

• frame frame;
• base metal platform;
• electric motor;
• transmission system;
• suspension;
• management block.

The base plate is selected from thick-walled steel sheet or ductile iron, so that during operation there is no destruction of the material. This is facilitated by the relative viscosity of the metal and minimal brittleness. It is strictly not allowed to assemble cast iron of dubious quality with a large number of cracks or casting shells. When working with sand and gravel mixtures, it will collapse from external influences.

Sheet metal with the thickest thickness will be needed to make the sole and weight for the eccentric

It is important to have initially the correct geometric dimensions of the base, since if you make a vibrating plate with your own hands in accordance with this rule, then the site will self-clean from soil sticking. The area is also selected optimal, without unreasonable increase. A small working surface contributes to high-quality compaction of the site.

Popular drawings show a fairly simple device for a home-made vibrating plate with an electric motor. According to the kinematic scheme, a vibrator is based on the platform, and an electric motor is mounted above it. To connect these elements to each other, a V-belt drive or coupling is provided. In fact, the motor provides the rotation transmitted to the vibrator, and it further forms the oscillatory process.

The resulting energy is given to the plate, and from it passes to the compacted soil. During compaction for laying paving slabs or for other purposes, material particles fill the voids in the embankment. The result is a dense, even finish.

Types of vibrating plates used

Home-made designs suggest the presence of a power plant that provides the main work. Three types of motors are commonly used:

• diesel;
• petrol;
• electro 220V.

Diesel engines are appropriate when a lot of effort is constantly required. In domestic conditions, they are of little justification. Although it is not uncommon to find a vibrating plate from a walk-behind tractor with an installed two-stroke engine.

Gasoline-powered machines, like previous designs, are self-contained, but extremely noisy in operation. The engine for them is selected economical with a power of several watts.

The optimal solution for many is a do-it-yourself electric vibrating plate assembled. It is enough to conduct electricity to the place of work on the site and you can start compacting the soil. A positive factor is the absence of exhaust gases during the process.

According to the classification, it is customary to divide products into several groups:

• lungs - weight less than 70 kg;
• universal - up to 90 kg;
• moderate - 90-140 kg;
• heavy group - more than 140 kg.

The first group is appropriate for processing the local area, where it is supposed to press a layer of no more than 15 cm. The universal one is relevant for processing 25 cm. Heavier devices are designed for 50-60 cm.

The larger the compacted layer, the heavier the machine must be

It is important to correctly select the electric motor for the vibrating plate. After all, a model that is too weak on a massive slab will begin to sink in the layers of soil. The ratio at which 5 hp is used per 100 kg of mass is considered optimal. or 3.7 kW.

Preparing the required kit

To make a vibrating plate at home or in a garage, you do not need to look for any rare or expensive parts. In the process, the following tools will be in demand:

• welding machine and a pack of electrodes 3 mm in diameter;
• half-kilogram hammer;
• angle grinder with discs for metal;
• set of wrenches and screwdrivers.

The components for the device will include the following set:

• An areal engine with the ability to be connected to a 220 V household electrical network. A new vibrator for a vibrating plate will be quite expensive, so it is recommended to purchase Soviet devices at disassembly or radio markets. Sometimes masters even mount engines from old washing machines, but the disadvantage of this method is the inability to adjust vibration.

• Sheet metal 8-10 mm thick. The area is selected taking into account the fact that the edges will bend. The optimal parameter for living conditions is 50x80 cm plus a bend allowance. You can find a sheet on metal platforms.
• A pair of 80 mm channels or pieces of a building profile that will be welded across the structure. They are needed to mount and hold the motor.
• Metal pipe with a diameter of 20 mm. Its length is calculated based on the height of the user. A handle for medium height will be optimal 120 cm, so you need about 3 m of workpiece.
• A set of hardware for mounting the motor, including bolts M10-M12, nuts for them, lock washers are required to minimize the effect of vibration.

It will be possible to reduce the degree of influence of vibration on the operator with the help of built-in accessories. Often, automotive suspension elements are used for this. Without them, too, everything will work, but the operator will get tired faster.

VIDEO: Making a vibrating plate with your own hands, step by step, with errors and their solution

Do-it-yourself step-by-step algorithm for assembling a vibrating plate

At the initial stage, a base platform is prepared from a metal sheet using a grinder and a welding machine. We measure 10 cm from the front and back edges and wash down the angle grinder for half the thickness of the sheet 4-5 mm. Using a hammer or hammer, we bend the workpiece along this line by about 30-40 degrees. Such skids will reduce the likelihood of digging the platform into the ground, and will also allow you to move the installation in the right direction.

The cuts should be strengthened by welding. Using electrodes, we form an internal stiffener that fixes the fold in the desired position. We arrange the channels across the course so that their approximate axis corresponds to the distance of the engine mounts. We weld the strips to the inner surface.

There are two ways to mount the motor. In the first case, drilled holes in the channel are used to thread bolts through them. In the second case, the bolts are welded to the channels and the engine is placed on top. This method is considered more reliable, however, it requires very strict observance of center distances.

When installing an electric motor on a site, it is worth knowing that the Soviet IV-98 models have an internal eccentric for a vibrating plate. It can be adjusted to the optimal vibration strength parameters. Tighten the nuts, after throwing grovers under them.

The crucial step is to attach the handle. To dampen vibration on it, silent blocks from domestic or foreign cars turn out to be useful. L-shaped elements are welded to the bent part of the site. We put rubber elements on them, through which the handle will be connected.

At home, it is possible to assemble a model weighing 40-50 kg. This is enough for pressing 10-12 cm of soil.

With prolonged operation of a home-made machine, individual parts of the electrical circuit may overheat, so it is necessary to use an RCD.

VIDEO: How the Germans prepare the site for laying paving slabs, paving stones

A vibrating plate is one of the necessary tools in construction work. Purchased tools are usually used, but if the vibrating plate is made by hand, then it can also be used to level surfaces.

The vibrating plate is necessary for tamping the soil for the manufacture of roads.

The principle of operation of vibrating plates

This construction tool is used for vibrotamping various bulk materials: sand, soil, etc. Vibratory plates are often used in construction work, for compacting the soil under the foundation or laying tiles.

Unlike large equipment, the vibrating plate can be used to work in difficult areas due to its small size. Some models of vibrorammers have reverse gear. This feature allows them to be used even in narrow pits and trenches.

The principle of operation of vibrating plates is simple. The basis is a massive platform. A vibrator is fixed on it, connected by means of a coupling and transmission to the engine.

When the engine is turned on, it begins to create rotational movements, which are then converted into vibrational movements using a vibrator. In turn, oscillatory movements are transmitted to the plate, and through it to the soil or other material for compaction. Under the action of the tool, the material is compacted, the particles fill all the voids. As a result, the surface is leveled, and the embankment becomes very dense.

There are 3 main types of rammer machines, the main difference being the type of engine:

• diesel;
• gasoline;
• electric.

For work in private estates and on small construction sites, electric is considered the best option. Of all types of vibrorammers, this tool has the lowest price. Technical characteristics are generally no worse than those of more expensive tools.

The only drawback is the inability to work without a power source, and therefore the area of ​​\u200b\u200baction strongly depends on the length of the cord.

The average price is a tool with a gasoline engine. Diesel vibrorammer has one important drawback: high noise level during operation. At the same time, diesel fuel is cheaper than gasoline.

Requirements for the tool to work

The characteristics of the vibrating rammer depend on the quality of the material of the vibrating plate itself. Steel is used for the manufacture of the bed, and steel or cast iron is used for the device plates.

A device made using a cast-iron plate must be chosen more carefully: if the material is of poor quality, cracks may appear on it during operation.

The size of the working surface determines the pressure of the plate on the surface to be treated. This, in turn, determines the quality of the vibrorammer. For example, it is better to compact the soil using a vibrating plate with a smaller surface area.

Vibration force is important for high-quality work of the tool. The compaction density of the surface depends on this indicator. The greater the vibration force, the better the tool will do its job. For compacting dense surfaces, a vibrating plate with a large vibration force is needed.

For example, for laying tiles, the vibration force of a tool weighing 75-90 kg should not exceed 20 kN. Otherwise, the tile will be pushed too hard into the ground, in the worst case, damage will appear. For asphalt paving, a vibrotamper with a force index of more than 10 kN is suitable.

The ease of movement of the plate depends on the power of the engine. If it is powerful enough, then the plate itself will move. If the power of the plate is small, it will be difficult to work downhill, the tool will begin to dig into the ground.

But the main requirement that both the manufacturer's plate and the do-it-yourself vibrating plate must meet is the mass. The maximum tamping layer and the scope of the tool will depend on this indicator.

Depending on the mass, tamping tools are divided into 4 groups:

1. Lungs. Their weight does not exceed 75 kg. The tool can compact the surface by 15 cm. Such machines are used for laying paving slabs, polyurethane mats, as well as for landscaping.
2. Universal. Weight from 75 to 90 kg. The maximum layer is 25 cm or more, and can be used for road repair (“patching”) and paving.
3. Medium. Weight can be from 90 to 140 kg. The maximum level is already 60 cm. Scope of use: laying road surfaces, backfilling trenches.
4. Heavy. Weight - 140 kg or more. They are used for the same purposes as medium-heavy ones.

When working, a special system of irrigation of the working plate can be useful. The work of tools without such a system will be difficult: the slab can stick to the ground, this is especially common when laying asphalt.

Heavy and medium-heavy plates can be straight or reverse. Straight lines can only move forward. Reverse ones suggest the possibility of reverse, which will significantly reduce the time of work, if necessary, tamp the area again, it will not be necessary to deploy the tool.

Materials and tools for assembling a vibrating plate

The assembled vibrotamper with your own hands allows, first of all, to save your own money.

The design of a homemade vibrating plate is quite simple, so it is quite possible to assemble it yourself.

For the manufacture of the plate, you will need an engine that will provide vibration. Of all the components that make up the tool, this one is the most expensive. Areal vibrators operating from a household network are quite suitable. You can choose a model that operates from a 220 V network, such are, for example, IV-99E or IV-98E.

On sale there are models used by 380 V. Such an engine is also suitable for the manufacture of a machine, but it is difficult to carry out three-phase power at the site, so it is not recommended to use it.

Gasoline engines can also be used, such as Honda's single-cylinder three-stroke. The engine, from an old, or no longer used chainsaw, is also quite suitable. As an electric drive, you can use the engine from a drilling machine.

The next step is to find material for the work platform. A steel sheet is quite suitable, the thickness of which should be at least 0.8 cm, weight - at least 60 kg. The size of the sheet should be 80x45 cm. There should not be any irregularities on the surface of the sheet. If all the main parts are found, you can collect additional ones:

• plastic wheels from the trolley - 2 pcs.;
• bolts M10;
• bolts M12;
• channels - 2 pcs.;
• elastic pillows for the handle - 2 pcs.;
• pipe sections;
• hollow pipe - 1.2 m;

Tools required for work:

• a hammer;
• locksmith tools;
• Bulgarian;
• welding.

After preparing all the materials and tools, you can begin to assemble the device.

Vibratory plate assembly steps

The design of the vibrorammer is quite simple, so you can assemble it without first preparing drawings of assemblies and components.

You need to remove the cover from the engine to adjust the vibration strength.

The edges of the plate are slightly bent inward. 10 cm to the edge, you need to make cuts of 0.5 cm and bend it 20-30 degrees with a hammer. Protect the places where the cuts were made with a welding seam. This simple measure will prevent the plate from burrowing into the ground during operation.

Next, you need to weld the channel so that they do not go beyond the edges of the surface. The correct location is determined depending on the center of the work surface and the location of the engine. The channel must be welded with high quality, preferably with the help of transverse lines.

Next, fix the engine. To do this, holes are made in the channels. The engine is installed using a level, fixed with M10 bolts (if the engine is gasoline, then M12). An eccentric is used to create vibration in the drive device.

Elastic cushions must be installed at the base of the plate, where the control handle is fixed. This will help to dampen the vibration, the tool will not break out of the hands. Wheels and a hollow tube are then welded on to make it easier to transport the tool.

On this, the assembly of the vibrorammer is considered complete.

A few simple tips from the masters will allow you to use a homemade tool more efficiently.

In order not to feel vibration when working with a home-made tool, several rope loops are made, which are held in the process of work.

A home-made vibrating plate will allow you to compact the surface by 10 cm, carry out landscape work or lay road tiles.

To increase the efficiency of the tool, you can make a kind of irrigation system: attach a hose and a water tank in front. Then the surface will be wetted, which will greatly simplify tamping.

After the tool is fully assembled, you need to check. Fasteners must be strong, without defects. Only in this case it is possible to turn on the vibrating plate and carry out tests.

A homemade stove can last a long time, but only if the storage conditions are met. The vibrating plate must be in a clean place so that the surface is not contaminated. Before use, the tool must be checked, adjusted and adjusted.

A homemade stove with a gasoline engine needs more thorough care: you need to regularly check the condition of candles and oil, replace filters. The oil is changed first after 25 hours of tool operation. In the future - after 80-100 working hours. Replacement should take place with the engine warmed up and off.

The vibrating plate is one of the tools whose use is necessary during construction work. This hand tool is designed to compact soil or ground cover. As a rule, factory vibrating plates are used, however, home-made ones have also become quite widespread when leveling surfaces.

The design of the vibrating plate is a cast-iron or steel platform equipped with a built-in motor. Steel is considered to be of better quality, since low-grade cast iron can crack during operation. It is easiest to compact the soil with a vibrating plate, which has a small surface area, since the pressure on the soil in this case is as high as possible.

One of the main criteria taken into account when choosing a vibrating plate is the vibration force indicators, on which the compaction density of the surface directly depends. The higher they are, the more efficiently the tool will perform its task. For example, for laying tiles, you will need a vibrating plate weighing from 75 to 90 kg with a vibration force of no more than 20 kN. If this figure is exceeded, the tile will be pressed too tightly into the ground or simply damaged. For asphalt laying, a vibrating plate with indicators of more than 10 kN is required.

The higher the engine power (which, by the way, can run on both gasoline and electricity), the easier it will be to move the steel plate. And yet, the basic requirement that any vibrating plate must meet (regardless of whether it is manufactured in the factory or with one's own hand) is its mass, which determines the operational features of the tool. Manual vibrating plates, have a lightweight design (65 - 75 kg), as a rule, are more convenient to use.

Plate 72*40 is cut out from a sheet of iron 8mm.

Bend the edges in front 10 cm, and in the back 7 cm. The working plane came out 55 * 40 cm. Weld everything and reinforce it with metal.

The design of the pillows of the VAZ 2106 engine, a corner and a sheet of iron

vibrator mount

Shaft and pulley drawing, bearing seats 6206

Engine from NIVA motoblock

A vibrating plate can be a useful tool in the garden. If it is not planned to carry out a large amount of work on compacting the soil, then the unit can be rented. However, with frequent use, it is advisable to make a vibrating plate with your own hands. It has a fairly simple design, and the process of its manufacture does not take much time, and also does not require large financial investments.

Scope and principle of operation

Vibrating plates are actively used during construction and repair work of varying complexity, for example, when laying roads or sidewalks, etc. The unit has small dimensions, which allows it to be used in hard-to-reach places, including trenches. The design of the tool consists of four main elements:

• Working plate made of steel or cast iron.
• vibrator.
• Frames.
• Power plant.

The basis of the unit is a massive plate, in the center of which there is a vibrator. It is connected to the power plant using a V-belt drive or a clutch. A vibrator is needed to convert rotational motion into vibrational. Internal combustion engines or electric motors can be used as the power plant of the unit.

Main technical characteristics

The most important characteristic of the unit is the mass of the working plate. It determines about 70% of the entire performance of a home-made vibrating plate, as well as the compliance of the tool with the work performed. Depending on this indicator, it is customary to distinguish four categories of aggregates:

• Lightweight - weight does not exceed 75 kg.
• Universal - the stove weighs 75-140 kg.
• Medium-heavy - weight is in the range of 90-140 kg.
• Heavy - the mass of the plate exceeds 140 kg.

For home use, it is quite enough to make a vibrotamper of the first category with your own hands. Also, the power of the power plant has a great influence on the productivity and quality of work performed. The optimal ratio of mass and power is 5 liters. with. for every 100 kg of weight.

Among the additional characteristics of the unit, three should be distinguished:

• Vibration force - shows the strength of the base vibrations.
• Dimensions of the working plate - determines the pressure of the base per unit of the treated surface and this indicator should not be less than 0.3.
• Type of power unit - electric, gasoline and diesel engines can be installed on vibrating plates.

Manufacturing instructions

A do-it-yourself vibrating plate with an electric motor will save a lot, since industrial units are quite expensive. The design of the tool is not very complex, and you can make it yourself quickly enough. Among the necessary materials and spare parts, it should be noted:

From this list, wheels can be considered optional, but thanks to them, transporting the tool will become easier. You can also make a do-it-yourself rammer for soil compaction with a reverse, which will make it easier to work on narrow or small plots of land.

On a steel sheet, a grinder should make 2 cuts on both sides with a depth of 5 mm. They should be located approximately 10 mm from the edge symmetrically. Then the edges of the sheet should be bent, giving it the shape of skis, in order to avoid burying the plate during work. The places of the cuts must be welded, thereby fixing their position.

The vibrator is mounted on channels, which should not protrude beyond the level of the working plate. It is necessary to weld the channels reliably, and therefore it is desirable to place the welding lines across. The distance between them is selected in accordance with the location of the mounting holes on the power plant.

The pipe will be required for the manufacture of handles, to which you then need to attach soft pillows. Without them, it will be extremely inconvenient to work with the tool, because it will be difficult to hold the plate due to strong vibration. If the unit uses an electric power plant, then special care is not required for it.

The same cannot be said for a gasoline internal combustion engine. Before starting work, it is always necessary to check the reliability of all connections. It is extremely important to periodically clean the candles from carbon deposits. to increase the service life. Between the first and second oil changes, no more than 25 working hours should elapse. The subsequent replacement can be carried out after 80 or even 100 hours.